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Update documentation for the hw_random support to be current: - Documentation/hw_random.txt has been updated to reflect the current code: it's a framework now, a "core" with a small sysfs interface, that hardware-specific drivers plug in to. Text specific to Intel hardware is now at the end. - Kconfig now references the Documentation/hw_random.txt file and better explains what this really does. Both chunks of documentation now higlight the fact that the kernel entropy pool is maintained by "rngd", and this driver has nothing directly to do with that important task. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
91 lines
3.5 KiB
Plaintext
91 lines
3.5 KiB
Plaintext
Introduction:
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The hw_random framework is software that makes use of a
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special hardware feature on your CPU or motherboard,
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a Random Number Generator (RNG). The software has two parts:
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a core providing the /dev/hw_random character device and its
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sysfs support, plus a hardware-specific driver that plugs
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into that core.
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To make the most effective use of these mechanisms, you
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should download the support software as well. Download the
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latest version of the "rng-tools" package from the
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hw_random driver's official Web site:
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel/
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Those tools use /dev/hw_random to fill the kernel entropy pool,
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which is used internally and exported by the /dev/urandom and
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/dev/random special files.
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Theory of operation:
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CHARACTER DEVICE. Using the standard open()
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and read() system calls, you can read random data from
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the hardware RNG device. This data is NOT CHECKED by any
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fitness tests, and could potentially be bogus (if the
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hardware is faulty or has been tampered with). Data is only
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output if the hardware "has-data" flag is set, but nevertheless
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a security-conscious person would run fitness tests on the
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data before assuming it is truly random.
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The rng-tools package uses such tests in "rngd", and lets you
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run them by hand with a "rngtest" utility.
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/dev/hw_random is char device major 10, minor 183.
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CLASS DEVICE. There is a /sys/class/misc/hw_random node with
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two unique attributes, "rng_available" and "rng_current". The
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"rng_available" attribute lists the hardware-specific drivers
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available, while "rng_current" lists the one which is currently
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connected to /dev/hw_random. If your system has more than one
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RNG available, you may change the one used by writing a name from
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the list in "rng_available" into "rng_current".
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==========================================================================
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Hardware driver for Intel/AMD/VIA Random Number Generators (RNG)
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Copyright 2000,2001 Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
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Copyright 2000,2001 Philipp Rumpf <prumpf@mandrakesoft.com>
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About the Intel RNG hardware, from the firmware hub datasheet:
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The Firmware Hub integrates a Random Number Generator (RNG)
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using thermal noise generated from inherently random quantum
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mechanical properties of silicon. When not generating new random
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bits the RNG circuitry will enter a low power state. Intel will
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provide a binary software driver to give third party software
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access to our RNG for use as a security feature. At this time,
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the RNG is only to be used with a system in an OS-present state.
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Intel RNG Driver notes:
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* FIXME: support poll(2)
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NOTE: request_mem_region was removed, for two reasons:
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1) Only one RNG is supported by this driver, 2) The location
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used by the RNG is a fixed location in MMIO-addressable memory,
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3) users with properly working BIOS e820 handling will always
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have the region in which the RNG is located reserved, so
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request_mem_region calls always fail for proper setups.
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However, for people who use mem=XX, BIOS e820 information is
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-not- in /proc/iomem, and request_mem_region(RNG_ADDR) can
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succeed.
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Driver details:
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Based on:
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Intel 82802AB/82802AC Firmware Hub (FWH) Datasheet
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May 1999 Order Number: 290658-002 R
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Intel 82802 Firmware Hub: Random Number Generator
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Programmer's Reference Manual
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December 1999 Order Number: 298029-001 R
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Intel 82802 Firmware HUB Random Number Generator Driver
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Copyright (c) 2000 Matt Sottek <msottek@quiknet.com>
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Special thanks to Matt Sottek. I did the "guts", he
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did the "brains" and all the testing.
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