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linux-next/net/tipc/core.c
Jon Paul Maloy 35c55c9877 tipc: add neighbor monitoring framework 
TIPC based clusters are by default set up with full-mesh link
connectivity between all nodes. Those links are expected to provide
a short failure detection time, by default set to 1500 ms. Because
of this, the background load for neighbor monitoring in an N-node
cluster increases with a factor N on each node, while the overall
monitoring traffic through the network infrastructure increases at
a ~(N * (N - 1)) rate. Experience has shown that such clusters don't
scale well beyond ~100 nodes unless we significantly increase failure
discovery tolerance.

This commit introduces a framework and an algorithm that drastically
reduces this background load, while basically maintaining the original
failure detection times across the whole cluster. Using this algorithm,
background load will now grow at a rate of ~(2 * sqrt(N)) per node, and
at ~(2 * N * sqrt(N)) in traffic overhead. As an example, each node will
now have to actively monitor 38 neighbors in a 400-node cluster, instead
of as before 399.

This "Overlapping Ring Supervision Algorithm" is completely distributed
and employs no centralized or coordinated state. It goes as follows:

- Each node makes up a linearly ascending, circular list of all its N
  known neighbors, based on their TIPC node identity. This algorithm
  must be the same on all nodes.

- The node then selects the next M = sqrt(N) - 1 nodes downstream from
  itself in the list, and chooses to actively monitor those. This is
  called its "local monitoring domain".

- It creates a domain record describing the monitoring domain, and
  piggy-backs this in the data area of all neighbor monitoring messages
  (LINK_PROTOCOL/STATE) leaving that node. This means that all nodes in
  the cluster eventually (default within 400 ms) will learn about
  its monitoring domain.

- Whenever a node discovers a change in its local domain, e.g., a node
  has been added or has gone down, it creates and sends out a new
  version of its node record to inform all neighbors about the change.

- A node receiving a domain record from anybody outside its local domain
  matches this against its own list (which may not look the same), and
  chooses to not actively monitor those members of the received domain
  record that are also present in its own list. Instead, it relies on
  indications from the direct monitoring nodes if an indirectly
  monitored node has gone up or down. If a node is indicated lost, the
  receiving node temporarily activates its own direct monitoring towards
  that node in order to confirm, or not, that it is actually gone.

- Since each node is actively monitoring sqrt(N) downstream neighbors,
  each node is also actively monitored by the same number of upstream
  neighbors. This means that all non-direct monitoring nodes normally
  will receive sqrt(N) indications that a node is gone.

- A major drawback with ring monitoring is how it handles failures that
  cause massive network partitionings. If both a lost node and all its
  direct monitoring neighbors are inside the lost partition, the nodes in
  the remaining partition will never receive indications about the loss.
  To overcome this, each node also chooses to actively monitor some
  nodes outside its local domain. Those nodes are called remote domain
  "heads", and are selected in such a way that no node in the cluster
  will be more than two direct monitoring hops away. Because of this,
  each node, apart from monitoring the member of its local domain, will
  also typically monitor sqrt(N) remote head nodes.

- As an optimization, local list status, domain status and domain
  records are marked with a generation number. This saves senders from
  unnecessarily conveying  unaltered domain records, and receivers from
  performing unneeded re-adaptations of their node monitoring list, such
  as re-assigning domain heads.

- As a measure of caution we have added the possibility to disable the
  new algorithm through configuration. We do this by keeping a threshold
  value for the cluster size; a cluster that grows beyond this value
  will switch from full-mesh to ring monitoring, and vice versa when
  it shrinks below the value. This means that if the threshold is set to
  a value larger than any anticipated cluster size (default size is 32)
  the new algorithm is effectively disabled. A patch set for altering the
  threshold value and for listing the table contents will follow shortly.

- This change is fully backwards compatible.

Acked-by: Ying Xue <ying.xue@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jon Maloy <jon.maloy@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2016-06-15 14:06:28 -07:00

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/*
* net/tipc/core.c: TIPC module code
*
* Copyright (c) 2003-2006, 2013, Ericsson AB
* Copyright (c) 2005-2006, 2010-2013, Wind River Systems
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the names of the copyright holders nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the
* GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free
* Software Foundation.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
#include "core.h"
#include "name_table.h"
#include "subscr.h"
#include "bearer.h"
#include "net.h"
#include "socket.h"
#include "bcast.h"
#include <linux/module.h>
/* configurable TIPC parameters */
int tipc_net_id __read_mostly;
int sysctl_tipc_rmem[3] __read_mostly; /* min/default/max */
static int __net_init tipc_init_net(struct net *net)
{
struct tipc_net *tn = net_generic(net, tipc_net_id);
int err;
tn->net_id = 4711;
tn->own_addr = 0;
tn->mon_threshold = TIPC_DEF_MON_THRESHOLD;
get_random_bytes(&tn->random, sizeof(int));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tn->node_list);
spin_lock_init(&tn->node_list_lock);
err = tipc_sk_rht_init(net);
if (err)
goto out_sk_rht;
err = tipc_nametbl_init(net);
if (err)
goto out_nametbl;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tn->dist_queue);
err = tipc_topsrv_start(net);
if (err)
goto out_subscr;
err = tipc_bcast_init(net);
if (err)
goto out_bclink;
return 0;
out_bclink:
tipc_bcast_stop(net);
out_subscr:
tipc_nametbl_stop(net);
out_nametbl:
tipc_sk_rht_destroy(net);
out_sk_rht:
return err;
}
static void __net_exit tipc_exit_net(struct net *net)
{
tipc_topsrv_stop(net);
tipc_net_stop(net);
tipc_bcast_stop(net);
tipc_nametbl_stop(net);
tipc_sk_rht_destroy(net);
}
static struct pernet_operations tipc_net_ops = {
.init = tipc_init_net,
.exit = tipc_exit_net,
.id = &tipc_net_id,
.size = sizeof(struct tipc_net),
};
static int __init tipc_init(void)
{
int err;
pr_info("Activated (version " TIPC_MOD_VER ")\n");
sysctl_tipc_rmem[0] = RCVBUF_MIN;
sysctl_tipc_rmem[1] = RCVBUF_DEF;
sysctl_tipc_rmem[2] = RCVBUF_MAX;
err = tipc_netlink_start();
if (err)
goto out_netlink;
err = tipc_netlink_compat_start();
if (err)
goto out_netlink_compat;
err = tipc_socket_init();
if (err)
goto out_socket;
err = tipc_register_sysctl();
if (err)
goto out_sysctl;
err = register_pernet_subsys(&tipc_net_ops);
if (err)
goto out_pernet;
err = tipc_bearer_setup();
if (err)
goto out_bearer;
pr_info("Started in single node mode\n");
return 0;
out_bearer:
unregister_pernet_subsys(&tipc_net_ops);
out_pernet:
tipc_unregister_sysctl();
out_sysctl:
tipc_socket_stop();
out_socket:
tipc_netlink_compat_stop();
out_netlink_compat:
tipc_netlink_stop();
out_netlink:
pr_err("Unable to start in single node mode\n");
return err;
}
static void __exit tipc_exit(void)
{
tipc_bearer_cleanup();
unregister_pernet_subsys(&tipc_net_ops);
tipc_netlink_stop();
tipc_netlink_compat_stop();
tipc_socket_stop();
tipc_unregister_sysctl();
pr_info("Deactivated\n");
}
module_init(tipc_init);
module_exit(tipc_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("TIPC: Transparent Inter Process Communication");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_VERSION(TIPC_MOD_VER);
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