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mirror of https://github.com/edk2-porting/linux-next.git synced 2024-12-23 12:43:55 +08:00
linux-next/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt
Linus Torvalds 80213c03c4 PCI changes for the v3.18 merge window:
Enumeration
     - Check Vendor ID only for Config Request Retry Status (Rajat Jain)
     - Enable Config Request Retry Status when supported (Rajat Jain)
     - Add generic domain handling (Catalin Marinas)
     - Generate uppercase hex for modalias interface class (Ricardo Ribalda Delgado)
 
   Resource management
     - Add missing MEM_64 mask in pci_assign_unassigned_bridge_resources() (Yinghai Lu)
     - Increase IBM ipr SAS Crocodile BARs to at least system page size (Douglas Lehr)
 
   PCI device hotplug
     - Prevent NULL dereference during pciehp probe (Andreas Noever)
     - Move _HPP & _HPX handling into core (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Apply _HPP to PCIe devices as well as PCI (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Apply _HPP/_HPX to display devices (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Preserve SERR & PARITY settings when applying _HPP/_HPX (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Preserve MPS and MRRS settings when applying _HPP/_HPX (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Apply _HPP/_HPX to all devices, not just hot-added ones (Bjorn Helgaas)
     - Fix wait time in pciehp timeout message (Yinghai Lu)
     - Add more pciehp Slot Control debug output (Yinghai Lu)
     - Stop disabling pciehp notifications during init (Yinghai Lu)
 
   MSI
     - Remove arch_msi_check_device() (Alexander Gordeev)
     - Rename pci_msi_check_device() to pci_msi_supported() (Alexander Gordeev)
     - Move D0 check into pci_msi_check_device() (Alexander Gordeev)
     - Remove unused kobject from struct msi_desc (Yijing Wang)
     - Remove "pos" from the struct msi_desc msi_attrib (Yijing Wang)
     - Add "msi_bus" sysfs MSI/MSI-X control for endpoints (Yijing Wang)
     - Use __get_cached_msi_msg() instead of get_cached_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)
     - Use __read_msi_msg() instead of read_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)
     - Use __write_msi_msg() instead of write_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)
 
   Power management
     - Drop unused runtime PM support code for PCIe ports (Rafael J.  Wysocki)
     - Allow PCI devices to be put into D3cold during system suspend (Rafael J. Wysocki)
 
   AER
     - Add additional AER error strings (Gong Chen)
     - Make <linux/aer.h> standalone includable (Thierry Reding)
 
   Virtualization
     - Add ACS quirk for Solarflare SFC9120 & SFC9140 (Alex Williamson)
     - Add ACS quirk for Intel 10G NICs (Alex Williamson)
     - Add ACS quirk for AMD A88X southbridge (Marti Raudsepp)
     - Remove unused pci_find_upstream_pcie_bridge(), pci_get_dma_source() (Alex Williamson)
     - Add device flag helpers (Ethan Zhao)
     - Assume all Mellanox devices have broken INTx masking (Gavin Shan)
 
   Generic host bridge driver
     - Fix ioport_map() for !CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP (Liviu Dudau)
     - Add pci_register_io_range() and pci_pio_to_address() (Liviu Dudau)
     - Define PCI_IOBASE as the base of virtual PCI IO space (Liviu Dudau)
     - Fix the conversion of IO ranges into IO resources (Liviu Dudau)
     - Add pci_get_new_domain_nr() and of_get_pci_domain_nr() (Liviu Dudau)
     - Add support for parsing PCI host bridge resources from DT (Liviu Dudau)
     - Add pci_remap_iospace() to map bus I/O resources (Liviu Dudau)
     - Add arm64 architectural support for PCI (Liviu Dudau)
 
   APM X-Gene
     - Add APM X-Gene PCIe driver (Tanmay Inamdar)
     - Add arm64 DT APM X-Gene PCIe device tree nodes (Tanmay Inamdar)
 
   Freescale i.MX6
     - Probe in module_init(), not fs_initcall() (Lucas Stach)
     - Delay enabling reference clock for SS until it stabilizes (Tim Harvey)
 
   Marvell MVEBU
     - Fix uninitialized variable in mvebu_get_tgt_attr() (Thomas Petazzoni)
 
   NVIDIA Tegra
     - Make sure the PCIe PLL is really reset (Eric Yuen)
     - Add error path tegra_msi_teardown_irq() cleanup (Jisheng Zhang)
     - Fix extended configuration space mapping (Peter Daifuku)
     - Implement resource hierarchy (Thierry Reding)
     - Clear CLKREQ# enable on port disable (Thierry Reding)
     - Add Tegra124 support (Thierry Reding)
 
   ST Microelectronics SPEAr13xx
     - Pass config resource through reg property (Pratyush Anand)
 
   Synopsys DesignWare
     - Use NULL instead of false (Fabio Estevam)
     - Parse bus-range property from devicetree (Lucas Stach)
     - Use pci_create_root_bus() instead of pci_scan_root_bus() (Lucas Stach)
     - Remove pci_assign_unassigned_resources() (Lucas Stach)
     - Check private_data validity in single place (Lucas Stach)
     - Setup and clear exactly one MSI at a time (Lucas Stach)
     - Remove open-coded bitmap operations (Lucas Stach)
     - Fix configuration base address when using 'reg' (Minghuan Lian)
     - Fix IO resource end address calculation (Minghuan Lian)
     - Rename get_msi_data() to get_msi_addr() (Minghuan Lian)
     - Add get_msi_data() to pcie_host_ops (Minghuan Lian)
     - Add support for v3.65 hardware (Murali Karicheri)
     - Fold struct pcie_port_info into struct pcie_port (Pratyush Anand)
 
   TI Keystone
     - Add TI Keystone PCIe driver (Murali Karicheri)
     - Limit MRSS for all downstream devices (Murali Karicheri)
     - Assume controller is already in RC mode (Murali Karicheri)
     - Set device ID based on SoC to support multiple ports (Murali Karicheri)
 
   Xilinx AXI
     - Add Xilinx AXI PCIe driver (Srikanth Thokala)
     - Fix xilinx_pcie_assign_msi() return value test (Dan Carpenter)
 
   Miscellaneous
     - Clean up whitespace (Quentin Lambert)
     - Remove assignments from "if" conditions (Quentin Lambert)
     - Move PCI_VENDOR_ID_VMWARE to pci_ids.h (Francesco Ruggeri)
     - x86: Mark DMI tables as initialization data (Mathias Krause)
     - x86: Move __init annotation to the correct place (Mathias Krause)
     - x86: Mark constants of pci_mmcfg_nvidia_mcp55() as __initconst (Mathias Krause)
     - x86: Constify pci_mmcfg_probes[] array (Mathias Krause)
     - x86: Mark PCI BIOS initialization code as such (Mathias Krause)
     - Parenthesize PCI_DEVID and PCI_VPD_LRDT_ID parameters (Megan Kamiya)
     - Remove unnecessary variable in pci_add_dynid() (Tobias Klauser)
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Merge tag 'pci-v3.18-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci

Pull PCI updates from Bjorn Helgaas:
 "The interesting things here are:

   - Turn on Config Request Retry Status Software Visibility.  This
     caused hangs last time, but we included a fix this time.
   - Rework PCI device configuration to use _HPP/_HPX more aggressively
   - Allow PCI devices to be put into D3cold during system suspend
   - Add arm64 PCI support
   - Add APM X-Gene host bridge driver
   - Add TI Keystone host bridge driver
   - Add Xilinx AXI host bridge driver

  More detailed summary:

  Enumeration
    - Check Vendor ID only for Config Request Retry Status (Rajat Jain)
    - Enable Config Request Retry Status when supported (Rajat Jain)
    - Add generic domain handling (Catalin Marinas)
    - Generate uppercase hex for modalias interface class (Ricardo Ribalda Delgado)

  Resource management
    - Add missing MEM_64 mask in pci_assign_unassigned_bridge_resources() (Yinghai Lu)
    - Increase IBM ipr SAS Crocodile BARs to at least system page size (Douglas Lehr)

  PCI device hotplug
    - Prevent NULL dereference during pciehp probe (Andreas Noever)
    - Move _HPP & _HPX handling into core (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Apply _HPP to PCIe devices as well as PCI (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Apply _HPP/_HPX to display devices (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Preserve SERR & PARITY settings when applying _HPP/_HPX (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Preserve MPS and MRRS settings when applying _HPP/_HPX (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Apply _HPP/_HPX to all devices, not just hot-added ones (Bjorn Helgaas)
    - Fix wait time in pciehp timeout message (Yinghai Lu)
    - Add more pciehp Slot Control debug output (Yinghai Lu)
    - Stop disabling pciehp notifications during init (Yinghai Lu)

  MSI
    - Remove arch_msi_check_device() (Alexander Gordeev)
    - Rename pci_msi_check_device() to pci_msi_supported() (Alexander Gordeev)
    - Move D0 check into pci_msi_check_device() (Alexander Gordeev)
    - Remove unused kobject from struct msi_desc (Yijing Wang)
    - Remove "pos" from the struct msi_desc msi_attrib (Yijing Wang)
    - Add "msi_bus" sysfs MSI/MSI-X control for endpoints (Yijing Wang)
    - Use __get_cached_msi_msg() instead of get_cached_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)
    - Use __read_msi_msg() instead of read_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)
    - Use __write_msi_msg() instead of write_msi_msg() (Yijing Wang)

  Power management
    - Drop unused runtime PM support code for PCIe ports (Rafael J.  Wysocki)
    - Allow PCI devices to be put into D3cold during system suspend (Rafael J. Wysocki)

  AER
    - Add additional AER error strings (Gong Chen)
    - Make <linux/aer.h> standalone includable (Thierry Reding)

  Virtualization
    - Add ACS quirk for Solarflare SFC9120 & SFC9140 (Alex Williamson)
    - Add ACS quirk for Intel 10G NICs (Alex Williamson)
    - Add ACS quirk for AMD A88X southbridge (Marti Raudsepp)
    - Remove unused pci_find_upstream_pcie_bridge(), pci_get_dma_source() (Alex Williamson)
    - Add device flag helpers (Ethan Zhao)
    - Assume all Mellanox devices have broken INTx masking (Gavin Shan)

  Generic host bridge driver
    - Fix ioport_map() for !CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP (Liviu Dudau)
    - Add pci_register_io_range() and pci_pio_to_address() (Liviu Dudau)
    - Define PCI_IOBASE as the base of virtual PCI IO space (Liviu Dudau)
    - Fix the conversion of IO ranges into IO resources (Liviu Dudau)
    - Add pci_get_new_domain_nr() and of_get_pci_domain_nr() (Liviu Dudau)
    - Add support for parsing PCI host bridge resources from DT (Liviu Dudau)
    - Add pci_remap_iospace() to map bus I/O resources (Liviu Dudau)
    - Add arm64 architectural support for PCI (Liviu Dudau)

  APM X-Gene
    - Add APM X-Gene PCIe driver (Tanmay Inamdar)
    - Add arm64 DT APM X-Gene PCIe device tree nodes (Tanmay Inamdar)

  Freescale i.MX6
    - Probe in module_init(), not fs_initcall() (Lucas Stach)
    - Delay enabling reference clock for SS until it stabilizes (Tim Harvey)

  Marvell MVEBU
    - Fix uninitialized variable in mvebu_get_tgt_attr() (Thomas Petazzoni)

  NVIDIA Tegra
    - Make sure the PCIe PLL is really reset (Eric Yuen)
    - Add error path tegra_msi_teardown_irq() cleanup (Jisheng Zhang)
    - Fix extended configuration space mapping (Peter Daifuku)
    - Implement resource hierarchy (Thierry Reding)
    - Clear CLKREQ# enable on port disable (Thierry Reding)
    - Add Tegra124 support (Thierry Reding)

  ST Microelectronics SPEAr13xx
    - Pass config resource through reg property (Pratyush Anand)

  Synopsys DesignWare
    - Use NULL instead of false (Fabio Estevam)
    - Parse bus-range property from devicetree (Lucas Stach)
    - Use pci_create_root_bus() instead of pci_scan_root_bus() (Lucas Stach)
    - Remove pci_assign_unassigned_resources() (Lucas Stach)
    - Check private_data validity in single place (Lucas Stach)
    - Setup and clear exactly one MSI at a time (Lucas Stach)
    - Remove open-coded bitmap operations (Lucas Stach)
    - Fix configuration base address when using 'reg' (Minghuan Lian)
    - Fix IO resource end address calculation (Minghuan Lian)
    - Rename get_msi_data() to get_msi_addr() (Minghuan Lian)
    - Add get_msi_data() to pcie_host_ops (Minghuan Lian)
    - Add support for v3.65 hardware (Murali Karicheri)
    - Fold struct pcie_port_info into struct pcie_port (Pratyush Anand)

  TI Keystone
    - Add TI Keystone PCIe driver (Murali Karicheri)
    - Limit MRSS for all downstream devices (Murali Karicheri)
    - Assume controller is already in RC mode (Murali Karicheri)
    - Set device ID based on SoC to support multiple ports (Murali Karicheri)

  Xilinx AXI
    - Add Xilinx AXI PCIe driver (Srikanth Thokala)
    - Fix xilinx_pcie_assign_msi() return value test (Dan Carpenter)

  Miscellaneous
    - Clean up whitespace (Quentin Lambert)
    - Remove assignments from "if" conditions (Quentin Lambert)
    - Move PCI_VENDOR_ID_VMWARE to pci_ids.h (Francesco Ruggeri)
    - x86: Mark DMI tables as initialization data (Mathias Krause)
    - x86: Move __init annotation to the correct place (Mathias Krause)
    - x86: Mark constants of pci_mmcfg_nvidia_mcp55() as __initconst (Mathias Krause)
    - x86: Constify pci_mmcfg_probes[] array (Mathias Krause)
    - x86: Mark PCI BIOS initialization code as such (Mathias Krause)
    - Parenthesize PCI_DEVID and PCI_VPD_LRDT_ID parameters (Megan Kamiya)
    - Remove unnecessary variable in pci_add_dynid() (Tobias Klauser)"

* tag 'pci-v3.18-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci: (109 commits)
  arm64: dts: Add APM X-Gene PCIe device tree nodes
  PCI: Add ACS quirk for AMD A88X southbridge devices
  PCI: xgene: Add APM X-Gene PCIe driver
  PCI: designware: Remove open-coded bitmap operations
  PCI/MSI: Remove unnecessary temporary variable
  PCI/MSI: Use __write_msi_msg() instead of write_msi_msg()
  MSI/powerpc: Use __read_msi_msg() instead of read_msi_msg()
  PCI/MSI: Use __get_cached_msi_msg() instead of get_cached_msi_msg()
  PCI/MSI: Add "msi_bus" sysfs MSI/MSI-X control for endpoints
  PCI/MSI: Remove "pos" from the struct msi_desc msi_attrib
  PCI/MSI: Remove unused kobject from struct msi_desc
  PCI/MSI: Rename pci_msi_check_device() to pci_msi_supported()
  PCI/MSI: Move D0 check into pci_msi_check_device()
  PCI/MSI: Remove arch_msi_check_device()
  irqchip: armada-370-xp: Remove arch_msi_check_device()
  PCI/MSI/PPC: Remove arch_msi_check_device()
  arm64: Add architectural support for PCI
  PCI: Add pci_remap_iospace() to map bus I/O resources
  of/pci: Add support for parsing PCI host bridge resources from DT
  of/pci: Add pci_get_new_domain_nr() and of_get_pci_domain_nr()
  ...

Conflicts:
	arch/arm64/boot/dts/apm-storm.dtsi
2014-10-09 15:03:49 -04:00

335 lines
8.7 KiB
Plaintext

Devres - Managed Device Resource
================================
Tejun Heo <teheo@suse.de>
First draft 10 January 2007
1. Intro : Huh? Devres?
2. Devres : Devres in a nutshell
3. Devres Group : Group devres'es and release them together
4. Details : Life time rules, calling context, ...
5. Overhead : How much do we have to pay for this?
6. List of managed interfaces : Currently implemented managed interfaces
1. Intro
--------
devres came up while trying to convert libata to use iomap. Each
iomapped address should be kept and unmapped on driver detach. For
example, a plain SFF ATA controller (that is, good old PCI IDE) in
native mode makes use of 5 PCI BARs and all of them should be
maintained.
As with many other device drivers, libata low level drivers have
sufficient bugs in ->remove and ->probe failure path. Well, yes,
that's probably because libata low level driver developers are lazy
bunch, but aren't all low level driver developers? After spending a
day fiddling with braindamaged hardware with no document or
braindamaged document, if it's finally working, well, it's working.
For one reason or another, low level drivers don't receive as much
attention or testing as core code, and bugs on driver detach or
initialization failure don't happen often enough to be noticeable.
Init failure path is worse because it's much less travelled while
needs to handle multiple entry points.
So, many low level drivers end up leaking resources on driver detach
and having half broken failure path implementation in ->probe() which
would leak resources or even cause oops when failure occurs. iomap
adds more to this mix. So do msi and msix.
2. Devres
---------
devres is basically linked list of arbitrarily sized memory areas
associated with a struct device. Each devres entry is associated with
a release function. A devres can be released in several ways. No
matter what, all devres entries are released on driver detach. On
release, the associated release function is invoked and then the
devres entry is freed.
Managed interface is created for resources commonly used by device
drivers using devres. For example, coherent DMA memory is acquired
using dma_alloc_coherent(). The managed version is called
dmam_alloc_coherent(). It is identical to dma_alloc_coherent() except
for the DMA memory allocated using it is managed and will be
automatically released on driver detach. Implementation looks like
the following.
struct dma_devres {
size_t size;
void *vaddr;
dma_addr_t dma_handle;
};
static void dmam_coherent_release(struct device *dev, void *res)
{
struct dma_devres *this = res;
dma_free_coherent(dev, this->size, this->vaddr, this->dma_handle);
}
dmam_alloc_coherent(dev, size, dma_handle, gfp)
{
struct dma_devres *dr;
void *vaddr;
dr = devres_alloc(dmam_coherent_release, sizeof(*dr), gfp);
...
/* alloc DMA memory as usual */
vaddr = dma_alloc_coherent(...);
...
/* record size, vaddr, dma_handle in dr */
dr->vaddr = vaddr;
...
devres_add(dev, dr);
return vaddr;
}
If a driver uses dmam_alloc_coherent(), the area is guaranteed to be
freed whether initialization fails half-way or the device gets
detached. If most resources are acquired using managed interface, a
driver can have much simpler init and exit code. Init path basically
looks like the following.
my_init_one()
{
struct mydev *d;
d = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*d), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!d)
return -ENOMEM;
d->ring = dmam_alloc_coherent(...);
if (!d->ring)
return -ENOMEM;
if (check something)
return -EINVAL;
...
return register_to_upper_layer(d);
}
And exit path,
my_remove_one()
{
unregister_from_upper_layer(d);
shutdown_my_hardware();
}
As shown above, low level drivers can be simplified a lot by using
devres. Complexity is shifted from less maintained low level drivers
to better maintained higher layer. Also, as init failure path is
shared with exit path, both can get more testing.
3. Devres group
---------------
Devres entries can be grouped using devres group. When a group is
released, all contained normal devres entries and properly nested
groups are released. One usage is to rollback series of acquired
resources on failure. For example,
if (!devres_open_group(dev, NULL, GFP_KERNEL))
return -ENOMEM;
acquire A;
if (failed)
goto err;
acquire B;
if (failed)
goto err;
...
devres_remove_group(dev, NULL);
return 0;
err:
devres_release_group(dev, NULL);
return err_code;
As resource acquisition failure usually means probe failure, constructs
like above are usually useful in midlayer driver (e.g. libata core
layer) where interface function shouldn't have side effect on failure.
For LLDs, just returning error code suffices in most cases.
Each group is identified by void *id. It can either be explicitly
specified by @id argument to devres_open_group() or automatically
created by passing NULL as @id as in the above example. In both
cases, devres_open_group() returns the group's id. The returned id
can be passed to other devres functions to select the target group.
If NULL is given to those functions, the latest open group is
selected.
For example, you can do something like the following.
int my_midlayer_create_something()
{
if (!devres_open_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something, GFP_KERNEL))
return -ENOMEM;
...
devres_close_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
return 0;
}
void my_midlayer_destroy_something()
{
devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
}
4. Details
----------
Lifetime of a devres entry begins on devres allocation and finishes
when it is released or destroyed (removed and freed) - no reference
counting.
devres core guarantees atomicity to all basic devres operations and
has support for single-instance devres types (atomic
lookup-and-add-if-not-found). Other than that, synchronizing
concurrent accesses to allocated devres data is caller's
responsibility. This is usually non-issue because bus ops and
resource allocations already do the job.
For an example of single-instance devres type, read pcim_iomap_table()
in lib/devres.c.
All devres interface functions can be called without context if the
right gfp mask is given.
5. Overhead
-----------
Each devres bookkeeping info is allocated together with requested data
area. With debug option turned off, bookkeeping info occupies 16
bytes on 32bit machines and 24 bytes on 64bit (three pointers rounded
up to ull alignment). If singly linked list is used, it can be
reduced to two pointers (8 bytes on 32bit, 16 bytes on 64bit).
Each devres group occupies 8 pointers. It can be reduced to 6 if
singly linked list is used.
Memory space overhead on ahci controller with two ports is between 300
and 400 bytes on 32bit machine after naive conversion (we can
certainly invest a bit more effort into libata core layer).
6. List of managed interfaces
-----------------------------
CLOCK
devm_clk_get()
devm_clk_put()
DMA
dmam_alloc_coherent()
dmam_alloc_noncoherent()
dmam_declare_coherent_memory()
dmam_free_coherent()
dmam_free_noncoherent()
dmam_pool_create()
dmam_pool_destroy()
GPIO
devm_gpiod_get()
devm_gpiod_get_index()
devm_gpiod_get_index_optional()
devm_gpiod_get_optional()
devm_gpiod_put()
IIO
devm_iio_device_alloc()
devm_iio_device_free()
devm_iio_device_register()
devm_iio_device_unregister()
devm_iio_trigger_alloc()
devm_iio_trigger_free()
IO region
devm_release_mem_region()
devm_release_region()
devm_release_resource()
devm_request_mem_region()
devm_request_region()
devm_request_resource()
IOMAP
devm_ioport_map()
devm_ioport_unmap()
devm_ioremap()
devm_ioremap_nocache()
devm_ioremap_resource() : checks resource, requests memory region, ioremaps
devm_iounmap()
pcim_iomap()
pcim_iomap_regions() : do request_region() and iomap() on multiple BARs
pcim_iomap_table() : array of mapped addresses indexed by BAR
pcim_iounmap()
IRQ
devm_free_irq()
devm_request_any_context_irq()
devm_request_irq()
devm_request_threaded_irq()
MDIO
devm_mdiobus_alloc()
devm_mdiobus_alloc_size()
devm_mdiobus_free()
MEM
devm_free_pages()
devm_get_free_pages()
devm_kasprintf()
devm_kcalloc()
devm_kfree()
devm_kmalloc()
devm_kmalloc_array()
devm_kmemdup()
devm_kstrdup()
devm_kvasprintf()
devm_kzalloc()
PCI
pcim_enable_device() : after success, all PCI ops become managed
pcim_pin_device() : keep PCI device enabled after release
PHY
devm_usb_get_phy()
devm_usb_put_phy()
PINCTRL
devm_pinctrl_get()
devm_pinctrl_put()
PWM
devm_pwm_get()
devm_pwm_put()
REGULATOR
devm_regulator_bulk_get()
devm_regulator_get()
devm_regulator_put()
devm_regulator_register()
SLAVE DMA ENGINE
devm_acpi_dma_controller_register()
SPI
devm_spi_register_master()