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linux-next/kernel/panic.c
Petr Mladek cf9b1106c8 printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic
In NMI context, printk() messages are stored into per-CPU buffers to
avoid a possible deadlock.  They are normally flushed to the main ring
buffer via an IRQ work.  But the work is never called when the system
calls panic() in the very same NMI handler.

This patch tries to flush NMI buffers before the crash dump is
generated.  In this case it does not risk a double release and bails out
when the logbuf_lock is already taken.  The aim is to get the messages
into the main ring buffer when possible.  It makes them better
accessible in the vmcore.

Then the patch tries to flush the buffers second time when other CPUs
are down.  It might be more aggressive and reset logbuf_lock.  The aim
is to get the messages available for the consequent kmsg_dump() and
console_flush_on_panic() calls.

The patch causes vprintk_emit() to be called even in NMI context again.
But it is done via printk_deferred() so that the console handling is
skipped.  Consoles use internal locks and we could not prevent a
deadlock easily.  They are explicitly called later when the crash dump
is not generated, see console_flush_on_panic().

Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 17:58:30 -07:00

591 lines
15 KiB
C

/*
* linux/kernel/panic.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
* This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
* to indicate a major problem.
*/
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sysrq.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#define PANIC_TIMER_STEP 100
#define PANIC_BLINK_SPD 18
int panic_on_oops = CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS_VALUE;
static unsigned long tainted_mask;
static int pause_on_oops;
static int pause_on_oops_flag;
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
bool crash_kexec_post_notifiers;
int panic_on_warn __read_mostly;
int panic_timeout = CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(panic_timeout);
ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
static long no_blink(int state)
{
return 0;
}
/* Returns how long it waited in ms */
long (*panic_blink)(int state);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
/*
* Stop ourself in panic -- architecture code may override this
*/
void __weak panic_smp_self_stop(void)
{
while (1)
cpu_relax();
}
/*
* Stop ourselves in NMI context if another CPU has already panicked. Arch code
* may override this to prepare for crash dumping, e.g. save regs info.
*/
void __weak nmi_panic_self_stop(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
panic_smp_self_stop();
}
atomic_t panic_cpu = ATOMIC_INIT(PANIC_CPU_INVALID);
/*
* A variant of panic() called from NMI context. We return if we've already
* panicked on this CPU. If another CPU already panicked, loop in
* nmi_panic_self_stop() which can provide architecture dependent code such
* as saving register state for crash dump.
*/
void nmi_panic(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg)
{
int old_cpu, cpu;
cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
old_cpu = atomic_cmpxchg(&panic_cpu, PANIC_CPU_INVALID, cpu);
if (old_cpu == PANIC_CPU_INVALID)
panic("%s", msg);
else if (old_cpu != cpu)
nmi_panic_self_stop(regs);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nmi_panic);
/**
* panic - halt the system
* @fmt: The text string to print
*
* Display a message, then perform cleanups.
*
* This function never returns.
*/
void panic(const char *fmt, ...)
{
static char buf[1024];
va_list args;
long i, i_next = 0;
int state = 0;
int old_cpu, this_cpu;
/*
* Disable local interrupts. This will prevent panic_smp_self_stop
* from deadlocking the first cpu that invokes the panic, since
* there is nothing to prevent an interrupt handler (that runs
* after setting panic_cpu) from invoking panic() again.
*/
local_irq_disable();
/*
* It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
* not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
* preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
*
* Only one CPU is allowed to execute the panic code from here. For
* multiple parallel invocations of panic, all other CPUs either
* stop themself or will wait until they are stopped by the 1st CPU
* with smp_send_stop().
*
* `old_cpu == PANIC_CPU_INVALID' means this is the 1st CPU which
* comes here, so go ahead.
* `old_cpu == this_cpu' means we came from nmi_panic() which sets
* panic_cpu to this CPU. In this case, this is also the 1st CPU.
*/
this_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
old_cpu = atomic_cmpxchg(&panic_cpu, PANIC_CPU_INVALID, this_cpu);
if (old_cpu != PANIC_CPU_INVALID && old_cpu != this_cpu)
panic_smp_self_stop();
console_verbose();
bust_spinlocks(1);
va_start(args, fmt);
vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
va_end(args);
pr_emerg("Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n", buf);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
/*
* Avoid nested stack-dumping if a panic occurs during oops processing
*/
if (!test_taint(TAINT_DIE) && oops_in_progress <= 1)
dump_stack();
#endif
/*
* If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
* everything else.
* If we want to run this after calling panic_notifiers, pass
* the "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" option to the kernel.
*
* Bypass the panic_cpu check and call __crash_kexec directly.
*/
if (!crash_kexec_post_notifiers) {
printk_nmi_flush_on_panic();
__crash_kexec(NULL);
}
/*
* Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
* unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
* situation.
*/
smp_send_stop();
/*
* Run any panic handlers, including those that might need to
* add information to the kmsg dump output.
*/
atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
/* Call flush even twice. It tries harder with a single online CPU */
printk_nmi_flush_on_panic();
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC);
/*
* If you doubt kdump always works fine in any situation,
* "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" offers you a chance to run
* panic_notifiers and dumping kmsg before kdump.
* Note: since some panic_notifiers can make crashed kernel
* more unstable, it can increase risks of the kdump failure too.
*
* Bypass the panic_cpu check and call __crash_kexec directly.
*/
if (crash_kexec_post_notifiers)
__crash_kexec(NULL);
bust_spinlocks(0);
/*
* We may have ended up stopping the CPU holding the lock (in
* smp_send_stop()) while still having some valuable data in the console
* buffer. Try to acquire the lock then release it regardless of the
* result. The release will also print the buffers out. Locks debug
* should be disabled to avoid reporting bad unlock balance when
* panic() is not being callled from OOPS.
*/
debug_locks_off();
console_flush_on_panic();
if (!panic_blink)
panic_blink = no_blink;
if (panic_timeout > 0) {
/*
* Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
* We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
*/
pr_emerg("Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout * 1000; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) {
touch_nmi_watchdog();
if (i >= i_next) {
i += panic_blink(state ^= 1);
i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD;
}
mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP);
}
}
if (panic_timeout != 0) {
/*
* This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
* shutting down. But if there is a chance of
* rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
*/
emergency_restart();
}
#ifdef __sparc__
{
extern int stop_a_enabled;
/* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
stop_a_enabled = 1;
pr_emerg("Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
}
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_S390)
{
unsigned long caller;
caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
disabled_wait(caller);
}
#endif
pr_emerg("---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n", buf);
local_irq_enable();
for (i = 0; ; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) {
touch_softlockup_watchdog();
if (i >= i_next) {
i += panic_blink(state ^= 1);
i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD;
}
mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
struct tnt {
u8 bit;
char true;
char false;
};
static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
{ TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
{ TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
{ TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC, 'S', ' ' },
{ TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
{ TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
{ TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
{ TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
{ TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
{ TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
{ TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
{ TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
{ TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND, 'I', ' ' },
{ TAINT_OOT_MODULE, 'O', ' ' },
{ TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE, 'E', ' ' },
{ TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP, 'L', ' ' },
{ TAINT_LIVEPATCH, 'K', ' ' },
};
/**
* print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
*
* 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
* 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
* 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
* 'R' - User forced a module unload.
* 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
* 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
* 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
* 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
* 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
* 'W' - Taint on warning.
* 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
* 'I' - Working around severe firmware bug.
* 'O' - Out-of-tree module has been loaded.
* 'E' - Unsigned module has been loaded.
* 'L' - A soft lockup has previously occurred.
* 'K' - Kernel has been live patched.
*
* The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
*/
const char *print_tainted(void)
{
static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ")];
if (tainted_mask) {
char *s;
int i;
s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
*s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
t->true : t->false;
}
*s = 0;
} else
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
return buf;
}
int test_taint(unsigned flag)
{
return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
unsigned long get_taint(void)
{
return tainted_mask;
}
/**
* add_taint: add a taint flag if not already set.
* @flag: one of the TAINT_* constants.
* @lockdep_ok: whether lock debugging is still OK.
*
* If something bad has gone wrong, you'll want @lockdebug_ok = false, but for
* some notewortht-but-not-corrupting cases, it can be set to true.
*/
void add_taint(unsigned flag, enum lockdep_ok lockdep_ok)
{
if (lockdep_ok == LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE && __debug_locks_off())
pr_warn("Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
static void spin_msec(int msecs)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
touch_nmi_watchdog();
mdelay(1);
}
}
/*
* It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
* implemented...
*/
static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
{
unsigned long flags;
static int spin_counter;
if (!pause_on_oops)
return;
spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
/* This CPU may now print the oops message */
pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
} else {
/* We need to stall this CPU */
if (!spin_counter) {
/* This CPU gets to do the counting */
spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
do {
spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
} while (--spin_counter);
pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
} else {
/* This CPU waits for a different one */
while (spin_counter) {
spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
spin_msec(1);
spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
}
}
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
}
/*
* Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
* This is a bit racy..
*/
int oops_may_print(void)
{
return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
}
/*
* Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
* anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
* time then let it proceed.
*
* This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
* this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
* side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
* too.
*
* It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
* the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
* once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
*/
void oops_enter(void)
{
tracing_off();
/* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
debug_locks_off();
do_oops_enter_exit();
}
/*
* 64-bit random ID for oopses:
*/
static u64 oops_id;
static int init_oops_id(void)
{
if (!oops_id)
get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
else
oops_id++;
return 0;
}
late_initcall(init_oops_id);
void print_oops_end_marker(void)
{
init_oops_id();
pr_warn("---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n", (unsigned long long)oops_id);
}
/*
* Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
* everything.
*/
void oops_exit(void)
{
do_oops_enter_exit();
print_oops_end_marker();
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS);
}
struct warn_args {
const char *fmt;
va_list args;
};
void __warn(const char *file, int line, void *caller, unsigned taint,
struct pt_regs *regs, struct warn_args *args)
{
disable_trace_on_warning();
pr_warn("------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
if (file)
pr_warn("WARNING: CPU: %d PID: %d at %s:%d %pS\n",
raw_smp_processor_id(), current->pid, file, line,
caller);
else
pr_warn("WARNING: CPU: %d PID: %d at %pS\n",
raw_smp_processor_id(), current->pid, caller);
if (args)
vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
if (panic_on_warn) {
/*
* This thread may hit another WARN() in the panic path.
* Resetting this prevents additional WARN() from panicking the
* system on this thread. Other threads are blocked by the
* panic_mutex in panic().
*/
panic_on_warn = 0;
panic("panic_on_warn set ...\n");
}
print_modules();
if (regs)
show_regs(regs);
else
dump_stack();
print_oops_end_marker();
/* Just a warning, don't kill lockdep. */
add_taint(taint, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
}
#ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
{
struct warn_args args;
args.fmt = fmt;
va_start(args.args, fmt);
__warn(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), TAINT_WARN, NULL,
&args);
va_end(args.args);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
void warn_slowpath_fmt_taint(const char *file, int line,
unsigned taint, const char *fmt, ...)
{
struct warn_args args;
args.fmt = fmt;
va_start(args.args, fmt);
__warn(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), taint, NULL, &args);
va_end(args.args);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt_taint);
void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
{
__warn(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), TAINT_WARN, NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
/*
* Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
* gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
*/
__visible void __stack_chk_fail(void)
{
panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
__builtin_return_address(0));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
#endif
core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);
core_param(panic_on_warn, panic_on_warn, int, 0644);
static int __init setup_crash_kexec_post_notifiers(char *s)
{
crash_kexec_post_notifiers = true;
return 0;
}
early_param("crash_kexec_post_notifiers", setup_crash_kexec_post_notifiers);
static int __init oops_setup(char *s)
{
if (!s)
return -EINVAL;
if (!strcmp(s, "panic"))
panic_on_oops = 1;
return 0;
}
early_param("oops", oops_setup);