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Commit Graph

303 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Paul E. McKenney
92c38702e9 rcu: Permit call_rcu() from CPU_DYING notifiers
As of:

  29494be71a ("rcu,cleanup: simplify the code when cpu is dying")

RCU adopts callbacks from the dying CPU in its CPU_DYING notifier,
which means that any callbacks posted by later CPU_DYING notifiers
are ignored until the CPU comes back online.

A WARN_ON_ONCE() was added to __call_rcu() by:

  e560140008 ("rcu: Simplify offline processing")

to check for this condition.  Although this condition did not trigger
(at least as far as I know) during -next testing, it did recently
trigger in mainline:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/2/34

What is needed longer term is for RCU's CPU_DEAD notifier to adopt any
callbacks that were posted by CPU_DYING notifiers, however, the Linux
kernel has been running with this sort of thing happening for quite
some time.  So the only thing that qualifies as a regression is the
WARN_ON_ONCE(), which this commit removes.

Making RCU's CPU_DEAD notifier adopt callbacks posted by CPU_DYING
notifiers is a topic for the 3.5 release of the Linux kernel.

Reported-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-17 07:30:54 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
1cc85961e2 rcu: Stop spurious warnings from synchronize_sched_expedited
synchronize_sched_expedited() is spamming CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT=y
users with an unintended warning from the cpu_is_offline() check: use
raw_smp_processor_id() instead of smp_processor_id() there.

Because the warning is under a get_online_cpus(), it is not possible
for any CPUs to go offline, though it is quite possible that the
task might migrate between the raw_smp_processor_id() and the check
of cpu_is_offline().  This is not a problem because the task cannot
migrate from an offline CPU to an online one or vice versa.  The point
of the check is to verify that synchronize_sched_expedited() is not
called from an offline CPU, for example, from a CPU_DYING notifier, or,
more important, from an outgoing CPU making its way from its CPU_DYING
notifiers to the idle loop.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 15:33:34 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
8a2ecf474d rcu: Add RCU_NONIDLE() for idle-loop RCU read-side critical sections
RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched read-side critical sections are forbidden
in the inner idle loop, that is, between the rcu_idle_enter() and the
rcu_idle_exit() -- RCU will happily ignore any such read-side critical
sections.  However, things like powertop need tracepoints in the inner
idle loop.

This commit therefore provides an RCU_NONIDLE() macro that can be used to
wrap code in the idle loop that requires RCU read-side critical sections.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Deepthi Dharwar <deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:13 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
29e37d8141 rcu: Allow nesting of rcu_idle_enter() and rcu_idle_exit()
Use of RCU in the idle loop is incorrect, quite a few instances of
just that have made their way into mainline, primarily event tracing.
The problem with RCU read-side critical sections on CPUs that RCU believes
to be idle is that RCU is completely ignoring the CPU, along with any
attempts and RCU read-side critical sections.

The approaches of eliminating the offending uses and of pushing the
definition of idle down beyond the offending uses have both proved
impractical.  The new approach is to encapsulate offending uses of RCU
with rcu_idle_exit() and rcu_idle_enter(), but this requires nesting
for code that is invoked both during idle and and during normal execution.
Therefore, this commit modifies rcu_idle_enter() and rcu_idle_exit() to
permit nesting.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Deepthi Dharwar <deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:12 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
236fefafe5 rcu: Call out dangers of expedited RCU primitives
The expedited RCU primitives can be quite useful, but they have some
high costs as well.  This commit updates and creates docbook comments
calling out the costs, and updates the RCU documentation as well.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:08 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
2036d94a7b rcu: Rework detection of use of RCU by offline CPUs
Because newly offlined CPUs continue executing after completing the
CPU_DYING notifiers, they legitimately enter the scheduler and use
RCU while appearing to be offline.  This calls for a more sophisticated
approach as follows:

1.	RCU marks the CPU online during the CPU_UP_PREPARE phase.

2.	RCU marks the CPU offline during the CPU_DEAD phase.

3.	Diagnostics regarding use of read-side RCU by offline CPUs use
	RCU's accounting rather than the cpu_online_map.  (Note that
	__call_rcu() still uses cpu_online_map to detect illegal
	invocations within CPU_DYING notifiers.)

4.	Offline CPUs are prevented from hanging the system by
	force_quiescent_state(), which pays attention to cpu_online_map.
	Some additional work (in a later commit) will be needed to
	guarantee that force_quiescent_state() waits a full jiffy before
	assuming that a CPU is offline, for example, when called from
	idle entry.  (This commit also makes the one-jiffy wait
	explicit, since the old-style implicit wait can now be defeated
	by RCU_FAST_NO_HZ and by rcutorture.)

This approach avoids the false positives encountered when attempting to
use more exact classification of CPU online/offline state.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:07 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
3d3b7db0a2 rcu: Move synchronize_sched_expedited() to rcutree.c
Now that TREE_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU no longer do anything different
for the single-CPU case, there is no need for multiple definitions of
synchronize_sched_expedited().  It is no longer in any sense a plug-in,
so move it from kernel/rcutree_plugin.h to kernel/rcutree.c.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:04 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
c0d6d01bff rcu: Check for illegal use of RCU from offlined CPUs
Although it is legal to use RCU during early boot, it is anything
but legal to use RCU at runtime from an offlined CPU.  After all, RCU
explicitly ignores offlined CPUs.  This commit therefore adds checks
for runtime use of RCU from offlined CPUs.

These checks are not perfect, in particular, they can be subverted
through use of things like rcu_dereference_raw().  Note that it is not
possible to put checks in rcu_read_lock() and friends due to the fact
that these primitives are used in code that might be used under either
RCU or lock-based protection, which means that checking rcu_read_lock()
gets you fat piles of false positives.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:03 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
a858af2875 rcu: Print scheduling-clock information on RCU CPU stall-warning messages
There have been situations where RCU CPU stall warnings were caused by
issues in scheduling-clock timer initialization.  To make it easier to
track these down, this commit causes the RCU CPU stall-warning messages
to print out the number of scheduling-clock interrupts taken in the
current grace period for each stalled CPU.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:49 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
13cfcca0e4 rcu: Set RCU CPU stall times via sysfs
The default CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT value of 60 seconds has served
Linux users well for production use for quite some time.  However, for
debugging, there will be more than three minutes between subsequent
stall-warning messages.  This can be an annoyingly long wait if you
are trying to work out where the offending infinite loop is hiding.

Therefore, this commit provides a rcu_cpu_stall_timeout sysfs
parameter that may be adjusted at boot time and at runtime to speed
up debugging.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:48 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
27565d64a4 rcu: Remove #ifdef CONFIG_SMP from TREE_RCU
Now that both TINY_RCU and TINY_PREEMPT_RCU have been in place for awhile,
it is time to remove UP support from TREE_RCU, which is what this commit
does.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:47 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
c44e2cddac rcu: Check for idle-loop entry while in RCU read-side critical section
The inner idle loop is an extended quiescent state for all flavors
of RCU, but there have been recent bug involving use of RCU read-side
primitives from within the idle loop.  Therefore, this commit enlists
lockdep-RCU to detect attempts to enter the inner idle loop while in
an RCU read-side critical section, emitting a lockdep-RCU splat if so.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:45 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
30fbcc90b0 rcu: Clean up straggling rcu_preempt_needs_cpu() name
The recent updates to RCU_CPU_FAST_NO_HZ have an rcu_needs_cpu() that
does more than just check for callbacks, so get the name for
rcu_preempt_needs_cpu() consistent with that change, now calling it
rcu_preempt_cpu_has_callbacks().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:44 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
f38bd1020f rcu: Remove single-rcu_node optimization in rcu_start_gp()
The grace-period initialization sequence in rcu_start_gp() has a special
case for systems where the rcu_node tree is a single rcu_node structure.
This made sense some years ago when systems were smaller and up to 64
CPUs could share a single rcu_node structure, but now that large systems
are common and a given leaf rcu_node structure can support only 16 CPUs
(due to lock contention on the rcu_node's ->lock field), this optimization
is almost never taken.  And even the small mobile platforms that might
make use of it might rather have the kernel text reduction.

Therefore, this commit removes the check for single-rcu_node trees.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2012-02-21 09:03:38 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
a50c3af910 rcu: Don't make callbacks go through second full grace period
RCU's current CPU-offline code path dumps all of the outgoing CPU's
callbacks onto the RCU_NEXT_TAIL portion of the surviving CPU's
callback list.  This means that all the ready-to-invoke callbacks from
the outgoing CPU must wait for another full RCU grace period.  This was
just fine when CPU-hotplug events were rare, but there is increasing
evidence that users are planning to make increasing use of CPU hotplug.

Therefore, this commit changes the callback-dumping procedure so that
callbacks that are ready to invoke are moved to the RCU_DONE_TAIL
portion of the surviving CPU's callback list.  This avoids running
these callbacks through a second unnecessary grace period.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:37 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
8146c4e2e2 rcu: Check for callback invocation from offline CPUs
Because quiescent states are now reported from offline CPUs in
CPU_DYING state, there is some possibility that such a CPU might
note the end of a grace period and attempt to start invoking
callbacks.  This would be a very bad thing, and is supposed to
be prevented by the fact that the CPU_DYING CPU gets rid of all
its callbacks before reporting the quiescent state.  However,
there is other CPU-offline code in the kernel, and it is quite
possible that someone will invoke RCU core processing from that
code.  Therefore, this commit adds a warning for this case.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:37 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
e560140008 rcu: Simplify offline processing
Move ->qsmaskinit and blkd_tasks[] manipulation to the CPU_DYING
notifier.  This simplifies the code by eliminating a potential
deadlock and by reducing the responsibilities of force_quiescent_state().
Also rename functions to make their connection to the CPU-hotplug
stages explicit.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:34 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
486e259340 rcu: Avoid waking up CPUs having only kfree_rcu() callbacks
When CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ is enabled, RCU will allow a given CPU to
enter dyntick-idle mode even if it still has RCU callbacks queued.
RCU avoids system hangs in this case by scheduling a timer for several
jiffies in the future.  However, if all of the callbacks on that CPU
are from kfree_rcu(), there is no reason to wake the CPU up, as it is
not a problem to defer freeing of memory.

This commit therefore tracks the number of callbacks on a given CPU
that are from kfree_rcu(), and avoids scheduling the timer if all of
a given CPU's callbacks are from kfree_rcu().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:25 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
0bb7b59d6e rcu: Add diagnostic for misaligned rcu_head structures
The push for energy efficiency will require that RCU tag rcu_head
structures to indicate whether or not their invocation is time critical.
This tagging is best carried out in the bottom bits of the ->next
pointers in the rcu_head structures.  This tagging requires that the
rcu_head structures be properly aligned, so this commit adds the required
diagnostics.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:24 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
fe15d706cf rcu: Add lockdep-RCU checks for simple self-deadlock
It is illegal to have a grace period within a same-flavor RCU read-side
critical section, so this commit adds lockdep-RCU checks to splat when
such abuse is encountered.  This commit does not detect more elaborate
RCU deadlock situations.  These situations might be a job for lockdep
enhancements.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:03:23 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
4968c300e1 rcu: Augment rcu_batch_end tracing for idle and callback state
The current rcu_batch_end event trace records only the name of the RCU
flavor and the total number of callbacks that remain queued on the
current CPU.  This is insufficient for testing and tuning the new
dyntick-idle RCU_FAST_NO_HZ code, so this commit adds idle state along
with whether or not any of the callbacks that were ready to invoke
at the beginning of rcu_do_batch() are still queued.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:22 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
2d1dc9a600 rcu: Remove redundant rcu_cpu_stall_suppress declaration
No point in having two identical rcu_cpu_stall_suppress declarations,
so remove the more obscure of the two.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:11 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
dff1672d91 rcu: Keep invoking callbacks if CPU otherwise idle
The rcu_do_batch() function that invokes callbacks for TREE_RCU and
TREE_PREEMPT_RCU normally throttles callback invocation to avoid degrading
scheduling latency.  However, as long as the CPU would otherwise be idle,
there is no downside to continuing to invoke any callbacks that have passed
through their grace periods.  In fact, processing such callbacks in a
timely manner has the benefit of increasing the probability that the
CPU can enter the power-saving dyntick-idle mode.

Therefore, this commit allows callback invocation to continue beyond the
preset limit as long as the scheduler does not have some other task to
run and as long as context is that of the idle task or the relevant
RCU kthread.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:09 -08:00
Frederic Weisbecker
facc4e1596 rcu: Irq nesting is always 0 on rcu_enter_idle_common
Because tasks don't nest, the ->dyntick_nesting must always be zero upon
entry to rcu_idle_enter_common().  Therefore, pass "0" rather than the
counter itself.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:08 -08:00
Frederic Weisbecker
b6fc602014 rcu: Don't check irq nesting from rcu idle entry/exit
Because tasks do not nest, rcu_idle_enter() and rcu_idle_exit() do
not need to check for nesting.  This commit therefore moves nesting
checks from rcu_idle_enter_common() to rcu_irq_exit() and from
rcu_idle_exit_common() to rcu_irq_enter().

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:07 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
7cb9249900 rcu: Permit dyntick-idle with callbacks pending
The current implementation of RCU_FAST_NO_HZ prevents CPUs from entering
dyntick-idle state if they have RCU callbacks pending.  Unfortunately,
this has the side-effect of often preventing them from entering this
state, especially if at least one other CPU is not in dyntick-idle state.
However, the resulting per-tick wakeup is wasteful in many cases: if the
CPU has already fully responded to the current RCU grace period, there
will be nothing for it to do until this grace period ends, which will
frequently take several jiffies.

This commit therefore permits a CPU that has done everything that the
current grace period has asked of it (rcu_pending() == 0) even if it
still as RCU callbacks pending.  However, such a CPU posts a timer to
wake it up several jiffies later (6 jiffies, based on experience with
grace-period lengths).  This wakeup is required to handle situations
that can result in all CPUs being in dyntick-idle mode, thus failing
to ever complete the current grace period.  If a CPU wakes up before
the timer goes off, then it cancels that timer, thus avoiding spurious
wakeups.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:07 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
f0e7c19db8 rcu: Identify dyntick-idle CPUs on first force_quiescent_state() pass
Fixes and workarounds for a number of issues (for example, that in
df4012edc) make it safe to once again detect dyntick-idle CPUs on the
first pass of force_quiescent_state(), so this commit makes that change.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:05 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
c92b131bdc rcu: Remove dynticks false positives and RCU failures
Assertions in rcu_init_percpu_data() unknowingly relied on outgoing
CPUs being turned off before reaching the idle loop.  Unfortunately,
when running under kvm/qemu on x86, CPUs really can get to idle before
begin shut off.  These CPUs are then born in dyntick-idle mode from an
RCU perspective, which results in splats in rcu_init_percpu_data() and
in RCU wrongly ignoring those CPUs despite them being active.  This in
turn can cause RCU to end grace periods prematurely, potentially freeing
up memory that the newly onlined CPUs were still using.  This is most
decidedly not what we need to see in an RCU implementation.

This commit therefore replaces the assertions in rcu_init_percpu_data()
with code that forces RCU's dyntick-idle view of newly onlined CPUs to
match reality.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:04 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
f535a607c1 rcu: Eliminate RCU_FAST_NO_HZ grace-period hang
With the new implementation of RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, it was possible to hang
RCU grace periods as follows:

o	CPU 0 attempts to go idle, cycles several times through the
	rcu_prepare_for_idle() loop, then goes dyntick-idle when
	RCU needs nothing more from it, while still having at least
	on RCU callback pending.

o	CPU 1 goes idle with no callbacks.

Both CPUs can then stay in dyntick-idle mode indefinitely, preventing
the RCU grace period from ever completing, possibly hanging the system.

This commit therefore prevents CPUs that have RCU callbacks from entering
dyntick-idle mode.  This approach also eliminates the need for the
end-of-grace-period IPIs used previously.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:02 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
99745b6a83 rcu: Make RCU use the new is_idle_task() API
Change from direct comparison of ->pid with zero to is_idle_task().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:48 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
11dbaa8cb7 rcu: Fix idle-task checks
RCU has traditionally relied on idle_cpu() to determine whether a given
CPU is running in the context of an idle task, but commit 908a3283
(Fix idle_cpu()) has invalidated this approach.  After commit 908a3283,
idle_cpu() will return true if the current CPU is currently running the
idle task, and will be doing so for the foreseeable future.  RCU instead
needs to know whether or not the current CPU is currently running the
idle task, regardless of what the near future might bring.

This commit therefore switches from idle_cpu() to "current->pid != 0".

Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Carsten Emde <C.Emde@osadl.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:31:44 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
aea1b35e29 rcu: Allow dyntick-idle mode for CPUs with callbacks
Currently, RCU does not permit a CPU to enter dyntick-idle mode if that
CPU has any RCU callbacks queued.  This means that workloads for which
each CPU wakes up and does some RCU updates every few ticks will never
enter dyntick-idle mode.  This can result in significant unnecessary power
consumption, so this patch permits a given to enter dyntick-idle mode if
it has callbacks, but only if that same CPU has completed all current
work for the RCU core.  We determine use rcu_pending() to determine
whether a given CPU has completed all current work for the RCU core.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:31:43 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
0989cb4678 rcu: Add more information to the wrong-idle-task complaint
The current code just complains if the current task is not the idle task.
This commit therefore adds printing of the identity of the idle task.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:42 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
4145fa7fbe rcu: Deconfuse dynticks entry-exit tracing
The trace_rcu_dyntick() trace event did not print both the old and
the new value of the nesting level, and furthermore printed only
the low-order 32 bits of it.  This could result in some confusion
when interpreting trace-event dumps, so this commit prints both
the old and the new value, prints the full 64 bits, and also selects
the process-entry/exit increment to print nicely in hexadecimal.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:42 -08:00
Frederic Weisbecker
e6b80a3b09 rcu: Detect illegal rcu dereference in extended quiescent state
Report that none of the rcu read lock maps are held while in an RCU
extended quiescent state (the section between rcu_idle_enter()
and rcu_idle_exit()). This helps detect any use of rcu_dereference()
and friends from within the section in idle where RCU is not allowed.

This way we can guarantee an extended quiescent window where the CPU
can be put in dyntick idle mode or can simply aoid to be part of any
global grace period completion while in the idle loop.

Uses of RCU from such mode are totally ignored by RCU, hence the
importance of these checks.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:30 -08:00
Thomas Gleixner
b40d293eb3 rcu: Omit self-awaken when setting up expedited grace period
When setting up an expedited grace period, if there were no readers, the
task will awaken itself.  This commit removes this useless self-awakening.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:31:28 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
34240697d6 rcu: Disable preemption in rcu_is_cpu_idle()
Because rcu_is_cpu_idle() is to be used to check for extended quiescent
states in RCU-preempt read-side critical sections, it cannot assume that
preemption is disabled.  And preemption must be disabled when accessing
the dyntick-idle state, because otherwise the following sequence of events
could occur:

1.	Task A on CPU 1 enters rcu_is_cpu_idle() and picks up the pointer
	to CPU 1's per-CPU variables.

2.	Task B preempts Task A and starts running on CPU 1.

3.	Task A migrates to CPU 2.

4.	Task B blocks, leaving CPU 1 idle.

5.	Task A continues execution on CPU 2, accessing CPU 1's dyntick-idle
	information using the pointer fetched in step 1 above, and finds
	that CPU 1 is idle.

6.	Task A therefore incorrectly concludes that it is executing in
	an extended quiescent state, possibly issuing a spurious splat.

Therefore, this commit disables preemption within the rcu_is_cpu_idle()
function.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:27 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
9b2e4f1880 rcu: Track idleness independent of idle tasks
Earlier versions of RCU used the scheduling-clock tick to detect idleness
by checking for the idle task, but handled idleness differently for
CONFIG_NO_HZ=y.  But there are now a number of uses of RCU read-side
critical sections in the idle task, for example, for tracing.  A more
fine-grained detection of idleness is therefore required.

This commit presses the old dyntick-idle code into full-time service,
so that rcu_idle_enter(), previously known as rcu_enter_nohz(), is
always invoked at the beginning of an idle loop iteration.  Similarly,
rcu_idle_exit(), previously known as rcu_exit_nohz(), is always invoked
at the end of an idle-loop iteration.  This allows the idle task to
use RCU everywhere except between consecutive rcu_idle_enter() and
rcu_idle_exit() calls, in turn allowing architecture maintainers to
specify exactly where in the idle loop that RCU may be used.

Because some of the userspace upcall uses can result in what looks
to RCU like half of an interrupt, it is not possible to expect that
the irq_enter() and irq_exit() hooks will give exact counts.  This
patch therefore expands the ->dynticks_nesting counter to 64 bits
and uses two separate bitfields to count process/idle transitions
and interrupt entry/exit transitions.  It is presumed that userspace
upcalls do not happen in the idle loop or from usermode execution
(though usermode might do a system call that results in an upcall).
The counter is hard-reset on each process/idle transition, which
avoids the interrupt entry/exit error from accumulating.  Overflow
is avoided by the 64-bitness of the ->dyntick_nesting counter.

This commit also adds warnings if a non-idle task asks RCU to enter
idle state (and these checks will need some adjustment before applying
Frederic's OS-jitter patches (http://lkml.org/lkml/2011/10/7/246).
In addition, validation of ->dynticks and ->dynticks_nesting is added.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:24 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
af446b702c rcu: ->signaled better named ->fqs_state
The ->signaled field was named before complications in the form of
dyntick-idle mode and offlined CPUs.  These complications have required
that force_quiescent_state() be implemented as a state machine, instead
of simply unconditionally sending reschedule IPIs.  Therefore, this
commit renames ->signaled to ->fqs_state to catch up with the new
force_quiescent_state() reality.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:20 -08:00
Paul Gortmaker
9984de1a5a kernel: Map most files to use export.h instead of module.h
The changed files were only including linux/module.h for the
EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure, and nothing else.  Revector them
onto the isolated export header for faster compile times.

Nothing to see here but a whole lot of instances of:

  -#include <linux/module.h>
  +#include <linux/export.h>

This commit is only changing the kernel dir; next targets
will probably be mm, fs, the arch dirs, etc.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-10-31 09:20:12 -04:00
Paul E. McKenney
afe24b122e rcu: Move propagation of ->completed from rcu_start_gp() to rcu_report_qs_rsp()
It is possible for the CPU that noted the end of the prior grace period
to not need a new one, and therefore to decide to propagate ->completed
throughout the rcu_node tree without starting another grace period.
However, in so doing, it releases the root rcu_node structure's lock,
which can allow some other CPU to start another grace period.  The first
CPU will be propagating ->completed in parallel with the second CPU
initializing the rcu_node tree for the new grace period.  In theory
this is harmless, but in practice we need to keep things simple.

This commit therefore moves the propagation of ->completed to
rcu_report_qs_rsp(), and refrains from marking the old grace period
as having been completed until it has finished doing this.  This
prevents anyone from starting a new grace period concurrently with
marking the old grace period as having been completed.

Of course, the optimization where a CPU needing a new grace period
doesn't bother marking the old one completed is still in effect:
In that case, the marking happens implicitly as part of initializing
the new grace period.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:49 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e90c53d3e2 rcu: Remove rcu_needs_cpu_flush() to avoid false quiescent states
The purpose of rcu_needs_cpu_flush() was to iterate on pushing the
current grace period in order to help the current CPU enter dyntick-idle
mode.  However, this can result in failures if the CPU starts entering
dyntick-idle mode, but then backs out.  In this case, the call to
rcu_pending() from rcu_needs_cpu_flush() might end up announcing a
non-existing quiescent state.

This commit therefore removes rcu_needs_cpu_flush() in favor of letting
the dyntick-idle machinery at the end of the softirq handler push the
loop along via its call to rcu_pending().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:48 -07:00
Mike Galbraith
5b61b0baa9 rcu: Wire up RCU_BOOST_PRIO for rcutree
RCU boost threads start life at RCU_BOOST_PRIO, while others remain
at RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO.  While here, change thread names to match other
kthreads, and adjust rcu_yield() to not override the priority set by
the user.  This last change sets the stage for runtime changes to
priority in the -rt tree.

Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:47 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
06ae115a1d rcu: Avoid having just-onlined CPU resched itself when RCU is idle
CPUs set rdp->qs_pending when coming online to resolve races with
grace-period start.  However, this means that if RCU is idle, the
just-onlined CPU might needlessly send itself resched IPIs.  Adjust
the online-CPU initialization to avoid this, and also to correctly
cause the CPU to respond to the current grace period if needed.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Christian Hoffmann <email@christianhoffmann.info>
2011-09-28 21:38:42 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
9bc8b5586f rcu: Suppress NMI backtraces when stall ends before dump
It is possible for an RCU CPU stall to end just as it is detected, in
which case the current code will uselessly dump all CPU's stacks.
This commit therefore checks for this condition and refrains from
sending needless NMIs.

And yes, the stall might also end just after we checked all CPUs and
tasks, but in that case we would at least have given some clue as
to which CPU/task was at fault.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:41 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
037067a1b6 rcu: Prohibit grace periods during early boot
Greater use of RCU during early boot (before the scheduler is operating)
is causing RCU to attempt to start grace periods during that time, which
in turn is resulting in both RCU and the callback functions attempting
to use the scheduler before it is ready.

This commit prevents these problems by prohibiting RCU grace periods
until after the scheduler has spawned the first non-idle task.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:40 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
5c51dd7349 rcu: Prevent early boot set_need_resched() from __rcu_pending()
There isn't a whole lot of point in poking the scheduler before there
are other tasks to switch to.  This commit therefore adds a check
for rcu_scheduler_fully_active in __rcu_pending() to suppress any
pre-scheduler calls to set_need_resched().  The downside of this approach
is additional runtime overhead in a reasonably hot code path.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:37 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
4627e240df rcu: Dump local stack if cannot dump all CPUs' stacks
The trigger_all_cpu_backtrace() function is a no-op in architectures that
do not define arch_trigger_all_cpu_backtrace.  On such architectures, RCU
CPU stall warning messages contain no stack trace information, which makes
debugging quite difficult.  This commit therefore substitutes dump_stack()
for architectures that do not define arch_trigger_all_cpu_backtrace,
so that at least the local CPU's stack is dumped as part of the RCU CPU
stall warning message.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:36 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
7eb4f4553c rcu: Make rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs() locals be correct size
When the ->dynticks field in the rcu_dynticks structure changed to an
atomic_t, its size on 64-bit systems changed from 64 bits to 32 bits.
The local variables in rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs() need to change as
well, hence this commit.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:32 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
717f98f0f8 rcu: Eliminate in_irq() checks in rcu_enter_nohz()
The in_irq() check in rcu_enter_nohz() is redundant because if we really
are in an interrupt, the attempt to re-enter dyntick-idle mode will invoke
rcu_needs_cpu() in any case, which will force the check for RCU callbacks.
So this commit removes the check along with the set_need_resched().

Suggested-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:31 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e4cc1f22b2 rcu: Simplify quiescent-state accounting
There is often a delay between the time that a CPU passes through a
quiescent state and the time that this quiescent state is reported to the
RCU core.  It is quite possible that the grace period ended before the
quiescent state could be reported, for example, some other CPU might have
deduced that this CPU passed through dyntick-idle mode.  It is critically
important that quiescent state be counted only against the grace period
that was in effect at the time that the quiescent state was detected.

Previously, this was handled by recording the number of the last grace
period to complete when passing through a quiescent state.  The RCU
core then checks this number against the current value, and rejects
the quiescent state if there is a mismatch.  However, one additional
possibility must be accounted for, namely that the quiescent state was
recorded after the prior grace period completed but before the current
grace period started.  In this case, the RCU core must reject the
quiescent state, but the recorded number will match.  This is handled
when the CPU becomes aware of a new grace period -- at that point,
it invalidates any prior quiescent state.

This works, but is a bit indirect.  The new approach records the current
grace period, and the RCU core checks to see (1) that this is still the
current grace period and (2) that this grace period has not yet ended.
This approach simplifies reasoning about correctness, and this commit
changes over to this new approach.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:22 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d4c08f2ac3 rcu: Add grace-period, quiescent-state, and call_rcu trace events
Add trace events to record grace-period start and end, quiescent states,
CPUs noticing grace-period start and end, grace-period initialization,
call_rcu() invocation, tasks blocking in RCU read-side critical sections,
tasks exiting those same critical sections, force_quiescent_state()
detection of dyntick-idle and offline CPUs, CPUs entering and leaving
dyntick-idle mode (except from NMIs), CPUs coming online and going
offline, and CPUs being kicked for staying in dyntick-idle mode for too
long (as in many weeks, even on 32-bit systems).

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

rcu: Add the rcu flavor to callback trace events

The earlier trace events for registering RCU callbacks and for invoking
them did not include the RCU flavor (rcu_bh, rcu_preempt, or rcu_sched).
This commit adds the RCU flavor to those trace events.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:21 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e0f23060ad rcu: Update comments to reflect softirqs vs. kthreads
We now have kthreads only for flavors of RCU that support boosting,
so update the now-misleading comments accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:16 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
72fe701b70 rcu: Add RCU type to callback-invocation tracing
Add a string to the rcu_batch_start() and rcu_batch_end() trace
messages that indicates the RCU type ("rcu_sched", "rcu_bh", or
"rcu_preempt").  The trace messages for the actual invocations
themselves are not marked, as it should be clear from the
rcu_batch_start() and rcu_batch_end() events before and after.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:15 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e99033c5c1 rcu: Put names into TINY_RCU structures under RCU_TRACE
In order to allow event tracing to distinguish between flavors of
RCU, we need those names in the relevant RCU data structures.  TINY_RCU
has avoided them for memory-footprint reasons, so add them only if
CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:14 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
300df91ca9 rcu: Event-trace markers for computing RCU CPU utilization
This commit adds the trace_rcu_utilization() marker that is to be
used to allow postprocessing scripts compute RCU's CPU utilization,
give or take event-trace overhead.  Note that we do not include RCU's
dyntick-idle interface because event tracing requires RCU protection,
which is not available in dyntick-idle mode.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:13 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
29c00b4a1d rcu: Add event-tracing for RCU callback invocation
There was recently some controversy about the overhead of invoking RCU
callbacks.  Add TRACE_EVENT()s to obtain fine-grained timings for the
start and stop of a batch of callbacks and also for each callback invoked.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:38:12 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
2c42818e96 rcu: Abstract common code for RCU grace-period-wait primitives
Pull the code that waits for an RCU grace period into a single function,
which is then called by synchronize_rcu() and friends in the case of
TREE_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, and from rcu_barrier() and friends in
the case of TINY_RCU and TINY_PREEMPT_RCU.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-09-28 21:36:42 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
b0d304172f rcu: Prevent RCU callbacks from executing before scheduler initialized
Under some rare but real combinations of configuration parameters, RCU
callbacks are posted during early boot that use kernel facilities that
are not yet initialized.  Therefore, when these callbacks are invoked,
hard hangs and crashes ensue.  This commit therefore prevents RCU
callbacks from being invoked until after the scheduler is fully up and
running, as in after multiple tasks have been spawned.

It might well turn out that a better approach is to identify the specific
RCU callbacks that are causing this problem, but that discussion will
wait until such time as someone really needs an RCU callback to be invoked
(as opposed to merely registered) during early boot.

Reported-by: julie Sullivan <kernelmail.jms@gmail.com>
Reported-by: RKK <kulkarni.ravi4@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Tested-by: julie Sullivan <kernelmail.jms@gmail.com>
Tested-by: RKK <kulkarni.ravi4@gmail.com>
2011-07-13 08:17:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
f8b7fc6b51 rcu: Move RCU_BOOST #ifdefs to header file
The commit "use softirq instead of kthreads except when RCU_BOOST=y"
just applied #ifdef in place.  This commit is a cleanup that moves
the newly #ifdef'ed code to the header file kernel/rcutree_plugin.h.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-06-16 16:12:05 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
a46e0899ee rcu: use softirq instead of kthreads except when RCU_BOOST=y
This patch #ifdefs RCU kthreads out of the kernel unless RCU_BOOST=y,
thus eliminating context-switch overhead if RCU priority boosting has
not been configured.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-06-15 23:07:21 -07:00
Shaohua Li
09223371de rcu: Use softirq to address performance regression
Commit a26ac2455ffcf3(rcu: move TREE_RCU from softirq to kthread)
introduced performance regression. In an AIM7 test, this commit degraded
performance by about 40%.

The commit runs rcu callbacks in a kthread instead of softirq. We observed
high rate of context switch which is caused by this. Out test system has
64 CPUs and HZ is 1000, so we saw more than 64k context switch per second
which is caused by RCU's per-CPU kthread.  A trace showed that most of
the time the RCU per-CPU kthread doesn't actually handle any callbacks,
but instead just does a very small amount of work handling grace periods.
This means that RCU's per-CPU kthreads are making the scheduler do quite
a bit of work in order to allow a very small amount of RCU-related
processing to be done.

Alex Shi's analysis determined that this slowdown is due to lock
contention within the scheduler.  Unfortunately, as Peter Zijlstra points
out, the scheduler's real-time semantics require global action, which
means that this contention is inherent in real-time scheduling.  (Yes,
perhaps someone will come up with a workaround -- otherwise, -rt is not
going to do well on large SMP systems -- but this patch will work around
this issue in the meantime.  And "the meantime" might well be forever.)

This patch therefore re-introduces softirq processing to RCU, but only
for core RCU work.  RCU callbacks are still executed in kthread context,
so that only a small amount of RCU work runs in softirq context in the
common case.  This should minimize ksoftirqd execution, allowing us to
skip boosting of ksoftirqd for CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y kernels.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Tested-by: "Alex,Shi" <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-06-14 15:25:39 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
9a43273690 rcu: Simplify curing of load woes
Make the functions creating the kthreads wake them up.  Leverage the
fact that the per-node and boost kthreads can run anywhere, thus
dispensing with the need to wake them up once the incoming CPU has
gone fully online.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com>
2011-06-14 15:25:15 -07:00
Peter Zijlstra
d72bce0e67 rcu: Cure load woes
Commit cc3ce5176d (rcu: Start RCU kthreads in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
state) fudges a sleeping task' state, resulting in the scheduler seeing
a TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE task going to sleep, but a TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
task waking up. The result is unbalanced load calculation.

The problem that patch tried to address is that the RCU threads could
stay in UNINTERRUPTIBLE state for quite a while and triggering the hung
task detector due to on-demand wake-ups.

Cure the problem differently by always giving the tasks at least one
wake-up once the CPU is fully up and running, this will kick them out of
the initial UNINTERRUPTIBLE state and into the regular INTERRUPTIBLE
wait state.

[ The alternative would be teaching kthread_create() to start threads as
  INTERRUPTIBLE but that needs a tad more thought. ]

Reported-by: Damien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306755291.1200.2872.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-31 10:01:48 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
cc3ce5176d rcu: Start RCU kthreads in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state
Upon creation, kthreads are in TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE state, which can
result in softlockup warnings.  Because some of RCU's kthreads can
legitimately be idle indefinitely, start them in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
state in order to avoid those warnings.

Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-28 17:41:56 +02:00
Peter Zijlstra
08bca60a69 rcu: Remove waitqueue usage for cpu, node, and boost kthreads
It is not necessary to use waitqueues for the RCU kthreads because
we always know exactly which thread is to be awakened.  In addition,
wake_up() only issues an actual wakeup when there is a thread waiting on
the queue, which was why there was an extra explicit wake_up_process()
to get the RCU kthreads started.

Eliminating the waitqueues (and wake_up()) in favor of wake_up_process()
eliminates the need for the initial wake_up_process() and also shrinks
the data structure size a bit.  The wakeup logic is placed in a new
rcu_wait() macro.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-28 17:41:52 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
8826f3b039 rcu: Avoid acquiring rcu_node locks in timer functions
This commit switches manipulations of the rcu_node ->wakemask field
to atomic operations, which allows rcu_cpu_kthread_timer() to avoid
acquiring the rcu_node lock.  This should avoid the following lockdep
splat reported by Valdis Kletnieks:

[   12.872150] usb 1-4: new high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd
[   12.986667] usb 1-4: New USB device found, idVendor=413c, idProduct=2513
[   12.986679] usb 1-4: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[   12.987691] hub 1-4:1.0: USB hub found
[   12.987877] hub 1-4:1.0: 3 ports detected
[   12.996372] input: PS/2 Generic Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input10
[   13.071471] udevadm used greatest stack depth: 3984 bytes left
[   13.172129]
[   13.172130] =======================================================
[   13.172425] [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
[   13.172650] 2.6.39-rc6-mmotm0506 #1
[   13.172773] -------------------------------------------------------
[   13.172997] blkid/267 is trying to acquire lock:
[   13.173009]  (&p->pi_lock){-.-.-.}, at: [<ffffffff81032d8f>] try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] but task is already holding lock:
[   13.173009]  (rcu_node_level_0){..-...}, at: [<ffffffff810901cc>] rcu_cpu_kthread_timer+0x27/0x58
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] which lock already depends on the new lock.
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] -> #2 (rcu_node_level_0){..-...}:
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810679b9>] check_prevs_add+0x8b/0x104
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81067da1>] validate_chain+0x36f/0x3ab
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8106846b>] __lock_acquire+0x369/0x3e2
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81068a0f>] lock_acquire+0xfc/0x14c
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff815697f1>] _raw_spin_lock+0x36/0x45
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81090794>] rcu_read_unlock_special+0x8c/0x1d5
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8109092c>] __rcu_read_unlock+0x4f/0xd7
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81027bd3>] rcu_read_unlock+0x21/0x23
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8102cc34>] cpuacct_charge+0x6c/0x75
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81030cc6>] update_curr+0x101/0x12e
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810311d0>] check_preempt_wakeup+0xf7/0x23b
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8102acb3>] check_preempt_curr+0x2b/0x68
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81031d40>] ttwu_do_wakeup+0x76/0x128
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81031e49>] ttwu_do_activate.constprop.63+0x57/0x5c
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81031e96>] scheduler_ipi+0x48/0x5d
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810177d5>] smp_reschedule_interrupt+0x16/0x18
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff815710f3>] reschedule_interrupt+0x13/0x20
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810b66d1>] rcu_read_unlock+0x21/0x23
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810b739c>] find_get_page+0xa9/0xb9
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810b8b48>] filemap_fault+0x6a/0x34d
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810d1a25>] __do_fault+0x54/0x3e6
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810d447a>] handle_pte_fault+0x12c/0x1ed
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810d48f7>] handle_mm_fault+0x1cd/0x1e0
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8156cfee>] do_page_fault+0x42d/0x5de
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8156a75f>] page_fault+0x1f/0x30
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] -> #1 (&rq->lock){-.-.-.}:
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810679b9>] check_prevs_add+0x8b/0x104
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81067da1>] validate_chain+0x36f/0x3ab
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8106846b>] __lock_acquire+0x369/0x3e2
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81068a0f>] lock_acquire+0xfc/0x14c
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff815697f1>] _raw_spin_lock+0x36/0x45
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81027e19>] __task_rq_lock+0x8b/0xd3
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81032f7f>] wake_up_new_task+0x41/0x108
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810376c3>] do_fork+0x265/0x33f
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81007d02>] kernel_thread+0x6b/0x6d
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8153a9dd>] rest_init+0x21/0xd2
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81b1db4f>] start_kernel+0x3bb/0x3c6
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81b1d29f>] x86_64_start_reservations+0xaf/0xb3
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81b1d393>] x86_64_start_kernel+0xf0/0xf7
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] -> #0 (&p->pi_lock){-.-.-.}:
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81067788>] check_prev_add+0x68/0x20e
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810679b9>] check_prevs_add+0x8b/0x104
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81067da1>] validate_chain+0x36f/0x3ab
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8106846b>] __lock_acquire+0x369/0x3e2
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81068a0f>] lock_acquire+0xfc/0x14c
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff815698ea>] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x44/0x57
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81032d8f>] try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81032f3c>] wake_up_process+0x10/0x12
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810901e9>] rcu_cpu_kthread_timer+0x44/0x58
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81045286>] call_timer_fn+0xac/0x1e9
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8104556d>] run_timer_softirq+0x1aa/0x1f2
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8103e487>] __do_softirq+0x109/0x26a
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8157144c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81003207>] do_softirq+0x44/0xf1
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8103e8b9>] irq_exit+0x58/0xc8
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81017f5a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x79/0x87
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff81570fd3>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x13/0x20
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810bd51a>] get_page_from_freelist+0x2aa/0x310
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810bdf03>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x178/0x243
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8101fe2f>] pte_alloc_one+0x1e/0x3a
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810d27fe>] __pte_alloc+0x22/0x14b
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff810d48a8>] handle_mm_fault+0x17e/0x1e0
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8156cfee>] do_page_fault+0x42d/0x5de
[   13.173009]        [<ffffffff8156a75f>] page_fault+0x1f/0x30
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] other info that might help us debug this:
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] Chain exists of:
[   13.173009]   &p->pi_lock --> &rq->lock --> rcu_node_level_0
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009]  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009]        CPU0                    CPU1
[   13.173009]        ----                    ----
[   13.173009]   lock(rcu_node_level_0);
[   13.173009]                                lock(&rq->lock);
[   13.173009]                                lock(rcu_node_level_0);
[   13.173009]   lock(&p->pi_lock);
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009]  *** DEADLOCK ***
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] 3 locks held by blkid/267:
[   13.173009]  #0:  (&mm->mmap_sem){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff8156cdb4>] do_page_fault+0x1f3/0x5de
[   13.173009]  #1:  (&yield_timer){+.-...}, at: [<ffffffff810451da>] call_timer_fn+0x0/0x1e9
[   13.173009]  #2:  (rcu_node_level_0){..-...}, at: [<ffffffff810901cc>] rcu_cpu_kthread_timer+0x27/0x58
[   13.173009]
[   13.173009] stack backtrace:
[   13.173009] Pid: 267, comm: blkid Not tainted 2.6.39-rc6-mmotm0506 #1
[   13.173009] Call Trace:
[   13.173009]  <IRQ>  [<ffffffff8154a529>] print_circular_bug+0xc8/0xd9
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81067788>] check_prev_add+0x68/0x20e
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8100c861>] ? save_stack_trace+0x28/0x46
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810679b9>] check_prevs_add+0x8b/0x104
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81067da1>] validate_chain+0x36f/0x3ab
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8106846b>] __lock_acquire+0x369/0x3e2
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81032d8f>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81068a0f>] lock_acquire+0xfc/0x14c
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81032d8f>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810901a5>] ? rcu_check_quiescent_state+0x82/0x82
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff815698ea>] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x44/0x57
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81032d8f>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81032d8f>] try_to_wake_up+0x29/0x1aa
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810901a5>] ? rcu_check_quiescent_state+0x82/0x82
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81032f3c>] wake_up_process+0x10/0x12
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810901e9>] rcu_cpu_kthread_timer+0x44/0x58
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810901a5>] ? rcu_check_quiescent_state+0x82/0x82
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81045286>] call_timer_fn+0xac/0x1e9
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810451da>] ? del_timer+0x75/0x75
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810901a5>] ? rcu_check_quiescent_state+0x82/0x82
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8104556d>] run_timer_softirq+0x1aa/0x1f2
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8103e487>] __do_softirq+0x109/0x26a
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8106365f>] ? tick_dev_program_event+0x37/0xf6
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810a0e4a>] ? time_hardirqs_off+0x1b/0x2f
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8157144c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81003207>] do_softirq+0x44/0xf1
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8103e8b9>] irq_exit+0x58/0xc8
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81017f5a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x79/0x87
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81570fd3>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x13/0x20
[   13.173009]  <EOI>  [<ffffffff810bd384>] ? get_page_from_freelist+0x114/0x310
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810bd51a>] ? get_page_from_freelist+0x2aa/0x310
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff812220e7>] ? clear_page_c+0x7/0x10
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810bd1ef>] ? prep_new_page+0x14c/0x1cd
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810bd51a>] get_page_from_freelist+0x2aa/0x310
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810bdf03>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x178/0x243
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810d46b9>] ? __pmd_alloc+0x87/0x99
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8101fe2f>] pte_alloc_one+0x1e/0x3a
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810d46b9>] ? __pmd_alloc+0x87/0x99
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810d27fe>] __pte_alloc+0x22/0x14b
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810d48a8>] handle_mm_fault+0x17e/0x1e0
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8156cfee>] do_page_fault+0x42d/0x5de
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810d915f>] ? sys_brk+0x32/0x10c
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff810a0e4a>] ? time_hardirqs_off+0x1b/0x2f
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff81065c4f>] ? trace_hardirqs_off_caller+0x3f/0x9c
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff812235dd>] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x3a/0x3c
[   13.173009]  [<ffffffff8156a75f>] page_fault+0x1f/0x30
[   14.010075] usb 5-1: new full speed USB device number 2 using uhci_hcd

Reported-by: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-28 17:41:49 +02:00
Ingo Molnar
29f742f88a Merge branch 'rcu/urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-2.6-rcu into core/urgent 2011-05-28 17:41:05 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
23b5c8fa01 rcu: Decrease memory-barrier usage based on semi-formal proof
(Note: this was reverted, and is now being re-applied in pieces, with
this being the fifth and final piece.  See below for the reason that
it is now felt to be safe to re-apply this.)

Commit d09b62d fixed grace-period synchronization, but left some smp_mb()
invocations in rcu_process_callbacks() that are no longer needed, but
sheer paranoia prevented them from being removed.  This commit removes
them and provides a proof of correctness in their absence.  It also adds
a memory barrier to rcu_report_qs_rsp() immediately before the update to
rsp->completed in order to handle the theoretical possibility that the
compiler or CPU might move massive quantities of code into a lock-based
critical section.  This also proves that the sheer paranoia was not
entirely unjustified, at least from a theoretical point of view.

In addition, the old dyntick-idle synchronization depended on the fact
that grace periods were many milliseconds in duration, so that it could
be assumed that no dyntick-idle CPU could reorder a memory reference
across an entire grace period.  Unfortunately for this design, the
addition of expedited grace periods breaks this assumption, which has
the unfortunate side-effect of requiring atomic operations in the
functions that track dyntick-idle state for RCU.  (There is some hope
that the algorithms used in user-level RCU might be applied here, but
some work is required to handle the NMIs that user-space applications
can happily ignore.  For the short term, better safe than sorry.)

This proof assumes that neither compiler nor CPU will allow a lock
acquisition and release to be reordered, as doing so can result in
deadlock.  The proof is as follows:

1.	A given CPU declares a quiescent state under the protection of
	its leaf rcu_node's lock.

2.	If there is more than one level of rcu_node hierarchy, the
	last CPU to declare a quiescent state will also acquire the
	->lock of the next rcu_node up in the hierarchy,  but only
	after releasing the lower level's lock.  The acquisition of this
	lock clearly cannot occur prior to the acquisition of the leaf
	node's lock.

3.	Step 2 repeats until we reach the root rcu_node structure.
	Please note again that only one lock is held at a time through
	this process.  The acquisition of the root rcu_node's ->lock
	must occur after the release of that of the leaf rcu_node.

4.	At this point, we set the ->completed field in the rcu_state
	structure in rcu_report_qs_rsp().  However, if the rcu_node
	hierarchy contains only one rcu_node, then in theory the code
	preceding the quiescent state could leak into the critical
	section.  We therefore precede the update of ->completed with a
	memory barrier.  All CPUs will therefore agree that any updates
	preceding any report of a quiescent state will have happened
	before the update of ->completed.

5.	Regardless of whether a new grace period is needed, rcu_start_gp()
	will propagate the new value of ->completed to all of the leaf
	rcu_node structures, under the protection of each rcu_node's ->lock.
	If a new grace period is needed immediately, this propagation
	will occur in the same critical section that ->completed was
	set in, but courtesy of the memory barrier in #4 above, is still
	seen to follow any pre-quiescent-state activity.

6.	When a given CPU invokes __rcu_process_gp_end(), it becomes
	aware of the end of the old grace period and therefore makes
	any RCU callbacks that were waiting on that grace period eligible
	for invocation.

	If this CPU is the same one that detected the end of the grace
	period, and if there is but a single rcu_node in the hierarchy,
	we will still be in the single critical section.  In this case,
	the memory barrier in step #4 guarantees that all callbacks will
	be seen to execute after each CPU's quiescent state.

	On the other hand, if this is a different CPU, it will acquire
	the leaf rcu_node's ->lock, and will again be serialized after
	each CPU's quiescent state for the old grace period.

On the strength of this proof, this commit therefore removes the memory
barriers from rcu_process_callbacks() and adds one to rcu_report_qs_rsp().
The effect is to reduce the number of memory barriers by one and to
reduce the frequency of execution from about once per scheduling tick
per CPU to once per grace period.

This was reverted do to hangs found during testing by Yinghai Lu and
Ingo Molnar.  Frederic Weisbecker supplied Yinghai with tracing that
located the underlying problem, and Frederic also provided the fix.

The underlying problem was that the HARDIRQ_ENTER() macro from
lib/locking-selftest.c invoked irq_enter(), which in turn invokes
rcu_irq_enter(), but HARDIRQ_EXIT() invoked __irq_exit(), which
does not invoke rcu_irq_exit().  This situation resulted in calls
to rcu_irq_enter() that were not balanced by the required calls to
rcu_irq_exit().  Therefore, after these locking selftests completed,
RCU's dyntick-idle nesting count was a large number (for example,
72), which caused RCU to to conclude that the affected CPU was not in
dyntick-idle mode when in fact it was.

RCU would therefore incorrectly wait for this dyntick-idle CPU, resulting
in hangs.

In contrast, with Frederic's patch, which replaces the irq_enter()
in HARDIRQ_ENTER() with an __irq_enter(), these tests don't ever call
either rcu_irq_enter() or rcu_irq_exit(), which works because the CPU
running the test is already marked as not being in dyntick-idle mode.
This means that the rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() calls and RCU
then has no problem working out which CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode and
which are not.

The reason that the imbalance was not noticed before the barrier patch
was applied is that the old implementation of rcu_enter_nohz() ignored
the nesting depth.  This could still result in delays, but much shorter
ones.  Whenever there was a delay, RCU would IPI the CPU with the
unbalanced nesting level, which would eventually result in rcu_enter_nohz()
being called, which in turn would force RCU to see that the CPU was in
dyntick-idle mode.

The reason that very few people noticed the problem is that the mismatched
irq_enter() vs. __irq_exit() occured only when the kernel was built with
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKING_API_SELFTESTS.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-26 09:42:23 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
4305ce7894 rcu: Make rcu_enter_nohz() pay attention to nesting
The old version of rcu_enter_nohz() forced RCU into nohz mode even if
the nesting count was non-zero.  This change causes rcu_enter_nohz()
to hold off for non-zero nesting counts.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-26 09:42:22 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
b5904090c7 rcu: Don't do reschedule unless in irq
Condition the set_need_resched() in rcu_irq_exit() on in_irq().  This
should be a no-op, because rcu_irq_exit() should only be called from irq.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-26 09:42:21 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
1135633bdd rcu: Remove old memory barriers from rcu_process_callbacks()
Second step of partitioning of commit e59fb3120b.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-26 09:42:21 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
0bbcc529fc rcu: Add memory barriers
Add the memory barriers added by e59fb3120b.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-26 09:42:20 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
268bb0ce3e sanitize <linux/prefetch.h> usage
Commit e66eed651f ("list: remove prefetching from regular list
iterators") removed the include of prefetch.h from list.h, which
uncovered several cases that had apparently relied on that rather
obscure header file dependency.

So this fixes things up a bit, using

   grep -L linux/prefetch.h $(git grep -l '[^a-z_]prefetchw*(' -- '*.[ch]')
   grep -L 'prefetchw*(' $(git grep -l 'linux/prefetch.h' -- '*.[ch]')

to guide us in finding files that either need <linux/prefetch.h>
inclusion, or have it despite not needing it.

There are more of them around (mostly network drivers), but this gets
many core ones.

Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-05-20 12:50:29 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
80d02085d9 Revert "rcu: Decrease memory-barrier usage based on semi-formal proof"
This reverts commit e59fb3120b.

This reversion was due to (extreme) boot-time slowdowns on SPARC seen by
Yinghai Lu and on x86 by Ingo
.
This is a non-trivial reversion due to intervening commits.

Conflicts:

	Documentation/RCU/trace.txt
	kernel/rcutree.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-19 23:25:29 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
1217ed1ba5 rcu: permit rcu_read_unlock() to be called while holding runqueue locks
Avoid calling into the scheduler while holding core RCU locks.  This
allows rcu_read_unlock() to be called while holding the runqueue locks,
but only as long as there was no chance of the RCU read-side critical
section having been preempted.  (Otherwise, if RCU priority boosting
is enabled, rcu_read_unlock() might call into the scheduler in order to
unboost itself, which might allows self-deadlock on the runqueue locks
within the scheduler.)

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-07 22:50:45 -07:00
Gleb Natapov
29ce831000 rcu: provide rcu_virt_note_context_switch() function.
Provide rcu_virt_note_context_switch() for vitalization use to note
quiescent state during guest entry.

Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
bad6e1393c rcu: get rid of signed overflow in check_cpu_stall()
Signed integer overflow is undefined by the C standard, so move
calculations to unsigned.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
2655d57ef3 rcu: prevent call_rcu() from diving into rcu core if irqs disabled
This commit marks a first step towards making call_rcu() have
real-time behavior.  If irqs are disabled, don't dive into the
RCU core.  Later on, this new early exit will wake up the
per-CPU kthread, which first must be modified to handle the
cases involving callback storms.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
baa1ae0c9f rcu: further lower priority in rcu_yield()
Although rcu_yield() dropped from real-time to normal priority, there
is always the possibility that the competing tasks have been niced.
So nice to 19 in rcu_yield() to help ensure that other tasks have a
better chance of running.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
9ab1544eb4 rcu: introduce kfree_rcu()
Many rcu callbacks functions just call kfree() on the base structure.
These functions are trivial, but their size adds up, and furthermore
when they are used in a kernel module, that module must invoke the
high-latency rcu_barrier() function at module-unload time.

The kfree_rcu() function introduced by this commit addresses this issue.
Rather than encoding a function address in the embedded rcu_head
structure, kfree_rcu() instead encodes the offset of the rcu_head
structure within the base structure.  Because the functions are not
allowed in the low-order 4096 bytes of kernel virtual memory, offsets
up to 4095 bytes can be accommodated.  If the offset is larger than
4095 bytes, a compile-time error will be generated in __kfree_rcu().
If this error is triggered, you can either fall back to use of call_rcu()
or rearrange the structure to position the rcu_head structure into the
first 4096 bytes.

Note that the allowable offset might decrease in the future, for example,
to allow something like kmem_cache_free_rcu().

The new kfree_rcu() function can replace code as follows:

	call_rcu(&p->rcu, simple_kfree_callback);

where "simple_kfree_callback()" might be defined as follows:

	void simple_kfree_callback(struct rcu_head *p)
	{
		struct foo *q = container_of(p, struct foo, rcu);

		kfree(q);
	}

with the following:

	kfree_rcu(&p->rcu, rcu);

Note that the "rcu" is the name of a field in the structure being
freed.  The reason for using this rather than passing in a pointer
to the base structure is that the above approach allows better type
checking.

This commit is based on earlier work by Lai Jiangshan and Manfred Spraul:

Lai's V1 patch: http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/18/1
Manfred's patch: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/1/2/115

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
6cc68793e3 rcu: fix spelling
The "preemptible" spelling is preferable.  May as well fix it.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
f0a07aeaf8 rcu: Switch to this_cpu() primitives
This removes a couple of lines from invoke_rcu_cpu_kthread(), improving
readability.

Reported-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:57 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
5ece5bab3e rcu: Add forward-progress diagnostic for per-CPU kthreads
Increment a per-CPU counter on each pass through rcu_cpu_kthread()'s
service loop, and add it to the rcudata trace output.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:57 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
15ba0ba860 rcu: add grace-period age and more kthread state to tracing
This commit adds the age in jiffies of the current grace period along
with the duration in jiffies of the longest grace period since boot
to the rcu/rcugp debugfs file.  It also adds an additional "O" state
to kthread tracing to differentiate between the kthread waiting due to
having nothing to do on the one hand and waiting due to being on the
wrong CPU on the other hand.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
4a29865689 rcu: make rcutorture version numbers available through debugfs
It is not possible to accurately correlate rcutorture output with that
of debugfs.  This patch therefore adds a debugfs file that prints out
the rcutorture version number, permitting easy correlation.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d71df90ead rcu: add tracing for RCU's kthread run states.
Add tracing to help debugging situations when RCU's kthreads are not
running but are supposed to be.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e3995a25fa rcu: put per-CPU kthread at non-RT priority during CPU hotplug operations
If you are doing CPU hotplug operations, it is best not to have
CPU-bound realtime tasks running CPU-bound on the outgoing CPU.
So this commit makes per-CPU kthreads run at non-realtime priority
during that time.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:55 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
0f962a5e72 rcu: Force per-rcu_node kthreads off of the outgoing CPU
The scheduler has had some heartburn in the past when too many real-time
kthreads were affinitied to the outgoing CPU.  So, this commit lightens
the load by forcing the per-rcu_node and the boost kthreads off of the
outgoing CPU.  Note that RCU's per-CPU kthread remains on the outgoing
CPU until the bitter end, as it must in order to preserve correctness.

Also avoid disabling hardirqs across calls to set_cpus_allowed_ptr(),
given that this function can block.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:55 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
27f4d28057 rcu: priority boosting for TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
Add priority boosting for TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, similar to that for
TINY_PREEMPT_RCU.  This is enabled by the default-off RCU_BOOST
kernel parameter.  The priority to which to boost preempted
RCU readers is controlled by the RCU_BOOST_PRIO kernel parameter
(defaulting to real-time priority 1) and the time to wait before
boosting the readers who are blocking a given grace period is
controlled by the RCU_BOOST_DELAY kernel parameter (defaulting to
500 milliseconds).

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:55 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
a26ac2455f rcu: move TREE_RCU from softirq to kthread
If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must
be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers.  Otherwise, in presence
of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't
get invoked.  If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory
doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM.

But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit
moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily.

Also add comments and properly synchronized all accesses to
rcu_cpu_kthread_task, as suggested by Lai Jiangshan.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
12f5f524ca rcu: merge TREE_PREEPT_RCU blocked_tasks[] lists
Combine the current TREE_PREEMPT_RCU ->blocked_tasks[] lists in the
rcu_node structure into a single ->blkd_tasks list with ->gp_tasks
and ->exp_tasks tail pointers.  This is in preparation for RCU priority
boosting, which will add a third dimension to the combinatorial explosion
in the ->blocked_tasks[] case, but simply a third pointer in the new
->blkd_tasks case.

Also update documentation to reflect blocked_tasks[] merge

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e59fb3120b rcu: Decrease memory-barrier usage based on semi-formal proof
Commit d09b62d fixed grace-period synchronization, but left some smp_mb()
invocations in rcu_process_callbacks() that are no longer needed, but
sheer paranoia prevented them from being removed.  This commit removes
them and provides a proof of correctness in their absence.  It also adds
a memory barrier to rcu_report_qs_rsp() immediately before the update to
rsp->completed in order to handle the theoretical possibility that the
compiler or CPU might move massive quantities of code into a lock-based
critical section.  This also proves that the sheer paranoia was not
entirely unjustified, at least from a theoretical point of view.

In addition, the old dyntick-idle synchronization depended on the fact
that grace periods were many milliseconds in duration, so that it could
be assumed that no dyntick-idle CPU could reorder a memory reference
across an entire grace period.  Unfortunately for this design, the
addition of expedited grace periods breaks this assumption, which has
the unfortunate side-effect of requiring atomic operations in the
functions that track dyntick-idle state for RCU.  (There is some hope
that the algorithms used in user-level RCU might be applied here, but
some work is required to handle the NMIs that user-space applications
can happily ignore.  For the short term, better safe than sorry.)

This proof assumes that neither compiler nor CPU will allow a lock
acquisition and release to be reordered, as doing so can result in
deadlock.  The proof is as follows:

1.	A given CPU declares a quiescent state under the protection of
	its leaf rcu_node's lock.

2.	If there is more than one level of rcu_node hierarchy, the
	last CPU to declare a quiescent state will also acquire the
	->lock of the next rcu_node up in the hierarchy,  but only
	after releasing the lower level's lock.  The acquisition of this
	lock clearly cannot occur prior to the acquisition of the leaf
	node's lock.

3.	Step 2 repeats until we reach the root rcu_node structure.
	Please note again that only one lock is held at a time through
	this process.  The acquisition of the root rcu_node's ->lock
	must occur after the release of that of the leaf rcu_node.

4.	At this point, we set the ->completed field in the rcu_state
	structure in rcu_report_qs_rsp().  However, if the rcu_node
	hierarchy contains only one rcu_node, then in theory the code
	preceding the quiescent state could leak into the critical
	section.  We therefore precede the update of ->completed with a
	memory barrier.  All CPUs will therefore agree that any updates
	preceding any report of a quiescent state will have happened
	before the update of ->completed.

5.	Regardless of whether a new grace period is needed, rcu_start_gp()
	will propagate the new value of ->completed to all of the leaf
	rcu_node structures, under the protection of each rcu_node's ->lock.
	If a new grace period is needed immediately, this propagation
	will occur in the same critical section that ->completed was
	set in, but courtesy of the memory barrier in #4 above, is still
	seen to follow any pre-quiescent-state activity.

6.	When a given CPU invokes __rcu_process_gp_end(), it becomes
	aware of the end of the old grace period and therefore makes
	any RCU callbacks that were waiting on that grace period eligible
	for invocation.

	If this CPU is the same one that detected the end of the grace
	period, and if there is but a single rcu_node in the hierarchy,
	we will still be in the single critical section.  In this case,
	the memory barrier in step #4 guarantees that all callbacks will
	be seen to execute after each CPU's quiescent state.

	On the other hand, if this is a different CPU, it will acquire
	the leaf rcu_node's ->lock, and will again be serialized after
	each CPU's quiescent state for the old grace period.

On the strength of this proof, this commit therefore removes the memory
barriers from rcu_process_callbacks() and adds one to rcu_report_qs_rsp().
The effect is to reduce the number of memory barriers by one and to
reduce the frequency of execution from about once per scheduling tick
per CPU to once per grace period.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
a00e0d714f rcu: Remove conditional compilation for RCU CPU stall warnings
The RCU CPU stall warnings can now be controlled using the
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress boot-time parameter or via the same parameter
from sysfs.  There is therefore no longer any reason to have
kernel config parameters for this feature.  This commit therefore
removes the RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR and RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR_RUNNABLE
kernel config parameters.  The RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT parameter remains
to allow the timeout to be tuned and the RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE parameter
remains to allow task-stall information to be suppressed if desired.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
72eb6a7914 Merge branch 'for-2.6.38' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu
* 'for-2.6.38' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (30 commits)
  gameport: use this_cpu_read instead of lookup
  x86: udelay: Use this_cpu_read to avoid address calculation
  x86: Use this_cpu_inc_return for nmi counter
  x86: Replace uses of current_cpu_data with this_cpu ops
  x86: Use this_cpu_ops to optimize code
  vmstat: User per cpu atomics to avoid interrupt disable / enable
  irq_work: Use per cpu atomics instead of regular atomics
  cpuops: Use cmpxchg for xchg to avoid lock semantics
  x86: this_cpu_cmpxchg and this_cpu_xchg operations
  percpu: Generic this_cpu_cmpxchg() and this_cpu_xchg support
  percpu,x86: relocate this_cpu_add_return() and friends
  connector: Use this_cpu operations
  xen: Use this_cpu_inc_return
  taskstats: Use this_cpu_ops
  random: Use this_cpu_inc_return
  fs: Use this_cpu_inc_return in buffer.c
  highmem: Use this_cpu_xx_return() operations
  vmstat: Use this_cpu_inc_return for vm statistics
  x86: Support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return
  percpu: Generic support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return
  ...

Fixed up conflicts: in arch/x86/kernel/{apic/nmi.c, apic/x2apic_uv_x.c, process.c}
as per Tejun.
2011-01-07 17:02:58 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
b52573d279 rcu: reduce __call_rcu()-induced contention on rcu_node structures
When the current __call_rcu() function was written, the expedited
APIs did not exist.  The __call_rcu() implementation therefore went
to great lengths to detect the end of old grace periods and to start
new ones, all in the name of reducing grace-period latency.  Now the
expedited APIs do exist, and the usage of __call_rcu() has increased
considerably.  This commit therefore causes __call_rcu() to avoid
worrying about grace periods unless there are a large number of
RCU callbacks stacked up on the current CPU.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-12-17 12:34:49 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
0209f6490b rcu: limit rcu_node leaf-level fanout
Some recent benchmarks have indicated possible lock contention on the
leaf-level rcu_node locks.  This commit therefore limits the number of
CPUs per leaf-level rcu_node structure to 16, in other words, there
can be at most 16 rcu_data structures fanning into a given rcu_node
structure.  Prior to this, the limit was 32 on 32-bit systems and 64 on
64-bit systems.

Note that the fanout of non-leaf rcu_node structures is unchanged.  The
organization of accesses to the rcu_node tree is such that references
to non-leaf rcu_node structures are much less frequent than to the
leaf structures.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-12-17 12:34:20 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
121dfc4b3e rcu: fine-tune grace-period begin/end checks
Use the CPU's bit in rnp->qsmask to determine whether or not the CPU
should try to report a quiescent state.  Handle overflow in the check
for rdp->gpnum having fallen behind.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-12-17 12:34:20 -08:00
Frederic Weisbecker
5ff8e6f053 rcu: Keep gpnum and completed fields synchronized
When a CPU that was in an extended quiescent state wakes
up and catches up with grace periods that remote CPUs
completed on its behalf, we update the completed field
but not the gpnum that keeps a stale value of a backward
grace period ID.

Later, note_new_gpnum() will interpret the shift between
the local CPU and the node grace period ID as some new grace
period to handle and will then start to hunt quiescent state.

But if every grace periods have already been completed, this
interpretation becomes broken. And we'll be stuck in clusters
of spurious softirqs because rcu_report_qs_rdp() will make
this broken state run into infinite loop.

The solution, as suggested by Lai Jiangshan, is to ensure that
the gpnum and completed fields are well synchronized when we catch
up with completed grace periods on their behalf by other cpus.
This way we won't start noting spurious new grace periods.

Suggested-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-12-17 12:34:19 -08:00
Frederic Weisbecker
20377f32dc rcu: Stop chasing QS if another CPU did it for us
When a CPU is idle and others CPUs handled its extended
quiescent state to complete grace periods on its behalf,
it will catch up with completed grace periods numbers
when it wakes up.

But at this point there might be no more grace period to
complete, but still the woken CPU always keeps its stale
qs_pending value and will then continue to chase quiescent
states even if its not needed anymore.

This results in clusters of spurious softirqs until a new
real grace period is started. Because if we continue to
chase quiescent states but we have completed every grace
periods, rcu_report_qs_rdp() is puzzled and makes that
state run into infinite loops.

As suggested by Lai Jiangshan, just reset qs_pending if
someone completed every grace periods on our behalf.

Suggested-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-12-17 12:34:18 -08:00
Christoph Lameter
909ea96468 core: Replace __get_cpu_var with __this_cpu_read if not used for an address.
__get_cpu_var() can be replaced with this_cpu_read and will then use a
single read instruction with implied address calculation to access the
correct per cpu instance.

However, the address of a per cpu variable passed to __this_cpu_read()
cannot be determined (since it's an implied address conversion through
segment prefixes).  Therefore apply this only to uses of __get_cpu_var
where the address of the variable is not used.

Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2010-12-17 15:07:19 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
2d999e03b7 rcu: update documentation/comments for Lai's adoption patch
Lai's RCU-callback immediate-adoption patch changes the RCU tracing
output, so update tracing.txt.  Also update a few comments to clarify
the synchronization design.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29 22:01:59 -08:00
Lai Jiangshan
29494be71a rcu,cleanup: simplify the code when cpu is dying
When we handle the CPU_DYING notifier, the whole system is stopped except
for the current CPU.  We therefore need no synchronization with the other
CPUs.  This allows us to move any orphaned RCU callbacks directly to the
list of any online CPU without needing to run them through the global
orphan lists.  These global orphan lists can therefore be dispensed with.
This commit makes thes changes, though currently victimizes CPU 0 @@@.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29 22:01:58 -08:00
Dongdong Deng
4ee0a60392 rcu: using ACCESS_ONCE() to observe the jiffies_stall/rnp->qsmask value
Using ACCESS_ONCE() to observe the jiffies_stall/rnp->qsmask value
due to the caller didn't hold the root_rcu/rnp node's lock.  Although
use without ACCESS_ONCE() is safe due to the value loaded being used
but once, the ACCESS_ONCE() is a good documentation aid -- the variables
are being loaded without the services of a lock.

Signed-off-by: Dongdong Deng <dongdong.deng@windriver.com>
CC: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-10-07 10:41:06 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
269dcc1c2e rcu: Add tracing data to support queueing models
The current tracing data is not sufficient to deduce the average time
that a callback spends waiting for a grace period to end.  Add three
per-CPU counters recording the number of callbacks invoked (ci), the
number of callbacks orphaned (co), and the number of callbacks adopted
(ca).  Given the existing callback queue length (ql), the average wait
time in absence of CPU hotplug operations is ql/ci.  The units of wait
time will be in terms of the duration over which ci was measured.

In the presence of CPU hotplug operations, there is room for argument,
but ql/(ci-co+ca) won't steer you too far wrong.

Also fixes a typo called out by Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-09-23 09:16:53 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
53d84e004d rcu: permit suppressing current grace period's CPU stall warnings
When using a kernel debugger, a long sojourn in the debugger can get
you lots of RCU CPU stall warnings once you resume.  This might not be
helpful, especially if you are using the system console.  This patch
therefore allows RCU CPU stall warnings to be suppressed, but only for
the duration of the current set of grace periods.

This differs from Jason's original patch in that it adds support for
tiny RCU and preemptible RCU, and uses a slightly different method for
suppressing the RCU CPU stall warning messages.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
2010-08-20 09:00:12 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
8cdd32a918 rcu: refer RCU CPU stall-warning victims to stallwarn.txt
There is some documentation on RCU CPU stall warnings contained in
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt, but it will not be apparent to someone
who runs into such a warning while under time pressure.  This commit
therefore adds comments preceding the printk()s pointing out the
location of this documentation.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20 09:00:11 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
910b1b7e19 rcu: Allow RCU CPU stall warnings to be off at boot, but manually enablable
Currently, if RCU CPU stall warnings are enabled, they are enabled
immediately upon boot.  They can be manually disabled via /sys (and
also re-enabled via /sys), and are automatically disabled upon panic.
However, some users need RCU CPU stalls to be disabled at boot time,
but to be enabled without rebuilding/rebooting.  For example, someone
running a real-time application in production might not want the
additional latency of RCU CPU stall detection in normal operation, but
might need to enable it at any point for fault isolation purposes.

This commit therefore provides a new CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR_RUNNABLE
kernel configuration parameter that maintains the current behavior
(enable at boot) by default, but allows a kernel to be configured
with RCU CPU stall detection built into the kernel, but disabled at
boot time.

Requested-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Requested-by: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-19 17:18:04 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
f2e0dd7090 rcu: allow RCU CPU stall warning messages to be controlled in /sys
Set the permissions of the rcu_cpu_stall_suppress to 644 to enable RCU
CPU stall warnings to be enabled and disabled at runtime via sysfs.

Suggested-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-19 17:18:03 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
742734eea0 rcu: add boot parameter to suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages
Although the RCU CPU stall warning messages are a very good way to alert
people to a problem, once alerted, it is sometimes helpful to shut them
off in order to avoid obscuring other messages that might be being used
to track down the problem.  Although you can rebuild the kernel with
CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR=n, this is sometimes inconvenient.  This
commit therefore adds a boot parameter named "rcu_cpu_stall_suppress"
that shuts these messages off without requiring a rebuild (though a
reboot might be needed for those not brave enough to patch their kernel
while it is running).

This message-suppression was already in place for the panic case, so this
commit need only rename the variable and export it via module_param().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-19 17:18:02 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
394f99a900 rcu: simplify the usage of percpu data
&percpu_data is compatible with allocated percpu data.

And we use it and remove the "->rda[NR_CPUS]" array, saving significant
storage on systems with large numbers of CPUs.  This does add an additional
level of indirection and thus an additional cache line referenced, but
because ->rda is not used on the read side, this is OK.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2010-08-19 17:18:01 -07:00
Mathieu Desnoyers
551d55a944 tree/tiny rcu: Add debug RCU head objects
Helps finding racy users of call_rcu(), which results in hangs because list
entries are overwritten and/or skipped.

Changelog since v4:
- Bissectability is now OK
- Now generate a WARN_ON_ONCE() for non-initialized rcu_head passed to
  call_rcu(). Statically initialized objects are detected with
  object_is_static().
- Rename rcu_head_init_on_stack to init_rcu_head_on_stack.
- Remove init_rcu_head() completely.

Changelog since v3:
- Include comments from Lai Jiangshan

This new patch version is based on the debugobjects with the newly introduced
"active state" tracker.

Non-initialized entries are all considered as "statically initialized". An
activation fixup (triggered by call_rcu()) takes care of performing the debug
object initialization without issuing any warning. Since we cannot increase the
size of struct rcu_head, I don't see much room to put an identifier for
statically initialized rcu_head structures. So for now, we have to live without
"activation without explicit init" detection. But the main purpose of this debug
option is to detect double-activations (double call_rcu() use of a rcu_head
before the callback is executed), which is correctly addressed here.

This also detects potential internal RCU callback corruption, which would cause
the callbacks to be executed twice.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
CC: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org
CC: mingo@elte.hu
CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com
CC: josh@joshtriplett.org
CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
CC: niv@us.ibm.com
CC: tglx@linutronix.de
CC: peterz@infradead.org
CC: rostedt@goodmis.org
CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
CC: dhowells@redhat.com
CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com
CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
2010-06-14 16:37:26 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
72d5a9f7a9 rcu: remove all rcu head initializations, except on_stack initializations
Remove all rcu head inits. We don't care about the RCU head state before passing
it to call_rcu() anyway. Only leave the "on_stack" variants so debugobjects can
keep track of objects on stack.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-11 16:10:47 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d21670acab rcu: reduce the number of spurious RCU_SOFTIRQ invocations
Lai Jiangshan noted that up to 10% of the RCU_SOFTIRQ are spurious, and
traced this down to the fact that the current grace-period machinery
will uselessly raise RCU_SOFTIRQ when a given CPU needs to go through
a quiescent state, but has not yet done so.  In this situation, there
might well be nothing that RCU_SOFTIRQ can do, and the overhead can be
worth worrying about in the ksoftirqd case.  This patch therefore avoids
raising RCU_SOFTIRQ in this situation.

Changes since v1 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/3/30/122 from Lai Jiangshan):

o	Omit the rcu_qs_pending() prechecks, as they aren't that
	much less expensive than the quiescent-state checks.

o	Merge with the set_need_resched() patch that reduces IPIs.

o	Add the new n_rp_report_qs field to the rcu_pending tracing output.

o	Update the tracing documentation accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:35 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
4a90a0681c rcu: permit discontiguous cpu_possible_mask CPU numbering
TREE_RCU assumes that CPU numbering is contiguous, but some users need
large holes in the numbering to better map to hardware layout.  This patch
makes TREE_RCU (and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU) tolerate large holes in the CPU
numbering.  However, NR_CPUS must still be greater than the largest
CPU number.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:35 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
4300aa642c rcu: improve RCU CPU stall-warning messages
The existing RCU CPU stall-warning messages can be confusing, especially
in the case where one CPU detects a single other stalled CPU.  In addition,
the console messages did not say which flavor of RCU detected the stall,
which can make it difficult to work out exactly what is causing the stall.
This commit improves these messages.

Requested-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:34 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
26845c2860 rcu: print boot-time console messages if RCU configs out of ordinary
Print boot-time messages if tracing is enabled, if fanout is set
to non-default values, if exact fanout is specified, if accelerated
dyntick-idle grace periods have been enabled, if RCU-lockdep is enabled,
if rcutorture has been boot-time enabled, if the CPU stall detector has
been disabled, or if four-level hierarchy has been enabled.

This is all for TREE_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU.  TINY_RCU will be handled
separately, if at all.

Suggested-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:34 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
c68de2097a rcu: disable CPU stall warnings upon panic
The current RCU CPU stall warnings remain enabled even after a panic
occurs, which some people have found to be a bit counterproductive.
This patch therefore uses a notifier to disable stall warnings once a
panic occurs.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:34 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
bbad937983 rcu: slim down rcutiny by removing rcu_scheduler_active and friends
TINY_RCU does not need rcu_scheduler_active unless CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC.
So conditionally compile rcu_scheduler_active in order to slim down
rcutiny a bit more.  Also gets rid of an EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, which is
responsible for most of the slimming.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:34 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
25502a6c13 rcu: refactor RCU's context-switch handling
The addition of preemptible RCU to treercu resulted in a bit of
confusion and inefficiency surrounding the handling of context switches
for RCU-sched and for RCU-preempt.  For RCU-sched, a context switch
is a quiescent state, pure and simple, just like it always has been.
For RCU-preempt, a context switch is in no way a quiescent state, but
special handling is required when a task blocks in an RCU read-side
critical section.

However, the callout from the scheduler and the outer loop in ksoftirqd
still calls something named rcu_sched_qs(), whose name is no longer
accurate.  Furthermore, when rcu_check_callbacks() notes an RCU-sched
quiescent state, it ends up unnecessarily (though harmlessly, aside
from the performance hit) enqueuing the current task if it happens to
be running in an RCU-preempt read-side critical section.  This not only
increases the maximum latency of scheduler_tick(), it also needlessly
increases the overhead of the next outermost rcu_read_unlock() invocation.

This patch addresses this situation by separating the notion of RCU's
context-switch handling from that of RCU-sched's quiescent states.
The context-switch handling is covered by rcu_note_context_switch() in
general and by rcu_preempt_note_context_switch() for preemptible RCU.
This permits rcu_sched_qs() to handle quiescent states and only quiescent
states.  It also reduces the maximum latency of scheduler_tick(), though
probably by much less than a microsecond.  Finally, it means that tasks
within preemptible-RCU read-side critical sections avoid incurring the
overhead of queuing unless there really is a context switch.

Suggested-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
2010-05-10 11:08:33 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
0c34029abd rcu: move some code from macro to function
Shrink the RCU_INIT_FLAVOR() macro by moving all but the initialization
of the ->rda[] array to rcu_init_one().  The call to rcu_init_one()
can then be moved to the end of the RCU_INIT_FLAVOR() macro, which is
required because rcu_boot_init_percpu_data(), which is now called from
rcu_init_one(), depends on the initialization of the ->rda[] array.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:31 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
f261414f0d rcu: make dead code really dead
cleanup: make dead code really dead

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:31 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d25eb9442b rcu: substitute set_need_resched for sending resched IPIs
This patch adds a check to __rcu_pending() that does a local
set_need_resched() if the current CPU is holding up the current grace
period and if force_quiescent_state() will be called soon.  The goal is
to reduce the probability that force_quiescent_state() will need to do
smp_send_reschedule(), which sends an IPI and is therefore more expensive
on most architectures.

Signed-off-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:31 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
a47cd880b5 rcu: Fix accelerated grace periods for last non-dynticked CPU
It is invalid to invoke __rcu_process_callbacks() with irqs
disabled, so do it indirectly via raise_softirq().  This
requires a state-machine implementation to cycle through the
grace-period machinery the required number of times.

Located-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1267231138-27856-1-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-27 09:53:52 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
d9f1bb6ad7 rcu: Make rcu_read_lock_sched_held() take boot time into account
Before the scheduler starts, all tasks are non-preemptible by
definition. So, during that time, rcu_read_lock_sched_held()
needs to always return "true".  This patch makes that be so.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1267135607-7056-2-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-26 08:20:46 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
1ed509a225 rcu: Add RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE to dump detailed per-task information
When RCU detects a grace-period stall, it currently just prints
out the PID of any tasks doing the stalling.  This patch adds
RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE, which enables the more-verbose reporting
from sched_show_task().

Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-21-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:35:02 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
3acd9eb31c rcu: Fix deadlock in TREE_PREEMPT_RCU CPU stall detection
Under TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, print_other_cpu_stall() invokes
rcu_print_task_stall() with the root rcu_node structure's ->lock
held, and rcu_print_task_stall() acquires that same lock for
self-deadlock. Fix this by removing the lock acquisition from
rcu_print_task_stall(), and making all callers acquire the lock
instead.

Tested-by: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Located-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-19-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:59 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
1304afb225 rcu: Convert to raw_spinlocks
The spinlocks in rcutree need to be real spinlocks in
preempt-rt. Convert them to raw_spinlocks.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-18-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:58 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
20133cfce7 rcu: Stop overflowing signed integers
The C standard does not specify the result of an operation that
overflows a signed integer, so such operations need to be
avoided.  This patch changes the type of several fields from
"long" to "unsigned long" and adjusts operations as needed.
ULONG_CMP_GE() and ULONG_CMP_LT() macros are introduced to do
the modular comparisons that are appropriate given that overflow
is an expected event.

Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-17-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:57 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
8bd93a2c5d rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPU
Currently, rcu_needs_cpu() simply checks whether the current CPU
has an outstanding RCU callback, which means that the last CPU
to go into dyntick-idle mode might wait a few ticks for the
relevant grace periods to complete.  However, if all the other
CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode, and if this CPU is in a quiescent
state (which it is for RCU-bh and RCU-sched any time that we are
considering going into dyntick-idle mode), then the grace period
is instantly complete.

This patch therefore repeatedly invokes the RCU grace-period
machinery in order to force any needed grace periods to complete
quickly.  It does so a limited number of times in order to
prevent starvation by an RCU callback function that might pass
itself to call_rcu().

However, if any CPU other than the current one is not in
dyntick-idle mode, fall back to simply checking (with fix to bug
noted by Lai Jiangshan).  Also, take advantage of last
grace-period forcing, the opportunity to do so noted by Steve
Rostedt.  And apply simplified #ifdef condition suggested by
Frederic Weisbecker.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-15-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:55 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
017c426138 rcu: Fix sparse warnings
Rename local variable "i" in rcu_init() to avoid conflict with
RCU_INIT_FLAVOR(), restrict the scope of RCU_TREE_NONCORE, and
make __synchronize_srcu() static.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12635142581560-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-16 10:25:22 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
b6407e8639 rcu: Give different levels of the rcu_node hierarchy distinct lockdep names
Previously, each level of the rcu_node hierarchy had the same
rather unimaginative name: "&rcu_node_class[i]".  This makes
lockdep diagnostics involving these lockdep classes less helpful
than would be nice. This patch fixes this by giving each level
of the rcu_node hierarchy a distinct name: "rcu_node_level_0",
"rcu_node_level_1", and so on. This version of the patch
includes improved diagnostics suggested by Josh Triplett and
Peter Zijlstra.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626498421830-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:07 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
bf66f18e79 rcu: Add force_quiescent_state() testing to rcutorture
Add force_quiescent_state() testing to rcutorture, with a
separate thread that repeatedly invokes force_quiescent_state()
in bursts. This can greatly increase the probability of
encountering certain types of race conditions.

Suggested-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1262646551116-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:05 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
46a1e34eda rcu: Make force_quiescent_state() start grace period if needed
Grace periods cannot be started while force_quiescent_state() is
active.  This is OK in that the affected CPUs will try again
later, but it does induce needless grace-period delays.  This
patch causes rcu_start_gp() to record a failed attempt to start
a grace period. When force_quiescent_state() prepares to return,
it then starts the grace period if there was such a failed
attempt.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465501854-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:05 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
45f014c52e rcu: Remove redundant grace-period check
The rcu_process_dyntick() function checks twice for the end of
the current grace period.  However, it holds the current
rcu_node structure's ->lock field throughout, and doesn't get to
the second call to rcu_gp_in_progress() unless there is at least
one CPU corresponding to this rcu_node structure that has not
yet checked in for the current grace period, which would prevent
the current grace period from ending. So the current grace
period cannot have ended, and the second check is redundant, so
remove it.

Also, given that this function is used even with !CONFIG_NO_HZ,
its name is quite misleading.  Change from rcu_process_dyntick()
to force_qs_rnp().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1262646550562-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:04 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
ee47eb9f4d rcu: Remove leg of force_quiescent_state() switch statement
The comparisons of rsp->gpnum nad rsp->completed in
rcu_process_dyntick() and force_quiescent_state() can be
replaced by the much more clear rcu_gp_in_progress() predicate
function.  After doing this, it becomes clear that the
RCU_SAVE_COMPLETED leg of the force_quiescent_state() function's
switch statement is almost completely a no-op.  A small change
to the RCU_SAVE_DYNTICK leg renders it a complete no-op, after
which it can be removed.  Doing so also eliminates the forcenow
local variable from force_quiescent_state().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465501781-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:04 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
0f10dc8266 rcu: Eliminate rcu_process_dyntick() return value
Because a new grace period cannot start while we are executing
within the force_quiescent_state() function's switch statement,
if any test within that switch statement or within any function
called from that switch statement shows that the current grace
period has ended, we can safely re-do that test any time before
we leave the switch statement.  This means that we no longer
need a return value from rcu_process_dyntick(), as we can simply
invoke rcu_gp_in_progress() to check whether the old grace
period has finished -- there is no longer any need to worry
about whether or not a new grace period has been started.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465501857-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:03 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
eb1ba45f1e rcu: Eliminate second argument of rcu_process_dyntick()
At this point, the second argument to all calls to
rcu_process_dyntick() is a function of the same field of the
structure passed in as the first argument, namely, rsp->gpnum-1.
 So propagate rsp->gpnum-1 to all uses of the second argument
within rcu_process_dyntick() and then eliminate the second
argument.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465503786-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:03 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
39c0bbfc07 rcu: Eliminate local variable lastcomp from force_quiescent_state()
Because rsp->fqs_active is set to 1 across
force_quiescent_state()'s switch statement, rcu_start_gp() will
refrain from starting a new grace period during this time.
Therefore, rsp->gpnum is constant, and can be propagated to all
uses of lastcomp, eliminating this local variable.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465502985-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:03 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
f3a8b5c6aa rcu: Eliminate local variable signaled from force_quiescent_state()
Because the root rcu_node lock is held across entry to the
switch statement in force_quiescent_state(), it is no longer
necessary to snapshot rsp->signaled to a local variable.
Eliminate both the snapshotting and the local variable.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1262646550602-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:02 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
07079d5357 rcu: Prohibit starting new grace periods while forcing quiescent states
Reduce the number and variety of race conditions by prohibiting
the start of a new grace period while force_quiescent_state() is
active. A new fqs_active flag in the rcu_state structure is used
to trace whether or not force_quiescent_state() is active, and
this new flag is tested by rcu_start_gp().  If the CPU that
closed out the last grace period needs another grace period,
this new grace period may be delayed up to one scheduling-clock
tick, but it will eventually get started.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <126264655052-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:02 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
559569acf9 rcu: Adjust force_quiescent_state() locking, step 2
This patch releases rnp->lock after the end of
force_quiescent_state()'s switch statement.  This is a second
step towards prohibiting starting grace periods while
force_quiescent_state() is executing, which will reduce the
number and complexity of races that force_quiescent_state() is
involved in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465501994-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:01 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
f96e9232e0 rcu: Adjust force_quiescent_state() locking, step 1
This causes rnp->lock to be held on entry to
force_quiescent_state()'s switch statement.  This is a first
step towards prohibiting starting grace periods while
force_quiescent_state() is executing, which will reduce the
number and complexity of races that force_quiescent_state() is
involved in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12626465501455-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13 09:06:01 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
d9a3da0699 rcu: Add expedited grace-period support for preemptible RCU
Implement an synchronize_rcu_expedited() for preemptible RCU
that actually is expedited.  This uses
synchronize_sched_expedited() to force all threads currently
running in a preemptible-RCU read-side critical section onto the
appropriate ->blocked_tasks[] list, then takes a snapshot of all
of these lists and waits for them to drain.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1259784616158-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-03 11:35:25 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
cf244dc01b rcu: Enable fourth level of TREE_RCU hierarchy
Enable a fourth level of rcu_node hierarchy for TREE_RCU and
TREE_PREEMPT_RCU.  This is for stress-testing and experiemental
purposes only, although in theory this would enable 16,777,216
CPUs on 64-bit systems, though only 1,048,576 CPUs on 32-bit
systems. Normal experimental use of this fourth level will
normally set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=2, requiring a 16-CPU system,
though the more adventurous (and more fortunate) experimenters
may wish to chose CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=3 for 81-CPU systems or even
CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=4 for 256-CPU systems.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12597846161257-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-03 11:34:53 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
d3f6bad391 rcu: Rename "quiet" functions
The number of "quiet" functions has grown recently, and the
names are no longer very descriptive.  The point of all of these
functions is to do some portion of the task of reporting a
quiescent state, so rename them accordingly:

o	cpu_quiet() becomes rcu_report_qs_rdp(), which reports a
	quiescent state to the per-CPU rcu_data structure.  If this
	turns out to be a new quiescent state for this grace period,
	then rcu_report_qs_rnp() will be invoked to propagate the
	quiescent state up the rcu_node hierarchy.

o	cpu_quiet_msk() becomes rcu_report_qs_rnp(), which reports
	a quiescent state for a given CPU (or possibly a set of CPUs)
	up the rcu_node hierarchy.

o	cpu_quiet_msk_finish() becomes rcu_report_qs_rsp(), which
	reports a full set of quiescent states to the global rcu_state
	structure.

o	task_quiet() becomes rcu_report_unblock_qs_rnp(), which reports
	a quiescent state due to a task exiting an RCU read-side critical
	section that had previously blocked in that same critical section.
	As indicated by the new name, this type of quiescent state is
	reported up the rcu_node hierarchy (using rcu_report_qs_rnp()
	to do so).

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12597846163698-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-03 11:34:26 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
6ebb237bec rcu: Re-arrange code to reduce #ifdef pain
Remove #ifdefs from kernel/rcupdate.c and
include/linux/rcupdate.h by moving code to
include/linux/rcutiny.h, include/linux/rcutree.h, and
kernel/rcutree.c.

Also remove some definitions that are no longer used.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1258908830885-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-22 18:58:16 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
9f680ab414 rcu: Eliminate unneeded function wrapping
The functions rcu_init() is a wrapper for __rcu_init(), and also
sets up the CPU-hotplug notifier for rcu_barrier_cpu_hotplug().
But TINY_RCU doesn't need CPU-hotplug notification, and the
rcu_barrier_cpu_hotplug() is a simple wrapper for
rcu_cpu_notify().

So push rcu_init() out to kernel/rcutree.c and kernel/rcutiny.c
and get rid of the wrapper function rcu_barrier_cpu_hotplug().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12589088302320-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-22 18:58:16 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
b668c9cf3e rcu: Fix grace-period-stall bug on large systems with CPU hotplug
When the last CPU of a given leaf rcu_node structure goes
offline, all of the tasks queued on that leaf rcu_node structure
(due to having blocked in their current RCU read-side critical
sections) are requeued onto the root rcu_node structure.  This
requeuing is carried out by rcu_preempt_offline_tasks().
However, it is possible that these queued tasks are the only
thing preventing the leaf rcu_node structure from reporting a
quiescent state up the rcu_node hierarchy.  Unfortunately, the
old code would fail to do this reporting, resulting in a
grace-period stall given the following sequence of events:

1.	Kernel built for more than 32 CPUs on 32-bit systems or for more
	than 64 CPUs on 64-bit systems, so that there is more than one
	rcu_node structure.  (Or CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT is artificially set
	to a number smaller than CONFIG_NR_CPUS.)

2.	The kernel is built with CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU.

3.	A task running on a CPU associated with a given leaf rcu_node
	structure blocks while in an RCU read-side critical section
	-and- that CPU has not yet passed through a quiescent state
	for the current RCU grace period.  This will cause the task
	to be queued on the leaf rcu_node's blocked_tasks[] array, in
	particular, on the element of this array corresponding to the
	current grace period.

4.	Each of the remaining CPUs corresponding to this same leaf rcu_node
	structure pass through a quiescent state.  However, the task is
	still in its RCU read-side critical section, so these quiescent
	states cannot be reported further up the rcu_node hierarchy.
	Nevertheless, all bits in the leaf rcu_node structure's ->qsmask
	field are now zero.

5.	Each of the remaining CPUs go offline.  (The events in step
	#4 and #5 can happen in any order as long as each CPU passes
	through a quiescent state before going offline.)

6.	When the last CPU goes offline, __rcu_offline_cpu() will invoke
	rcu_preempt_offline_tasks(), which will move the task to the
	root rcu_node structure, but without reporting a quiescent state
	up the rcu_node hierarchy (and this failure to report a quiescent
	state is the bug).

	But because this leaf rcu_node structure's ->qsmask field is
	already zero and its ->block_tasks[] entries are all empty,
	force_quiescent_state() will skip this rcu_node structure.

	Therefore, grace periods are now hung.

This patch abstracts some code out of rcu_read_unlock_special(),
calling the result task_quiet() by analogy with cpu_quiet(), and
invokes task_quiet() from both rcu_read_lock_special() and
__rcu_offline_cpu().  Invoking task_quiet() from
__rcu_offline_cpu() reports the quiescent state up the rcu_node
hierarchy, fixing the bug.  This ends up requiring a separate
lock_class_key per level of the rcu_node hierarchy, which this
patch also provides.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12589088301770-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-22 18:58:15 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
2f51f9884f rcu: Eliminate __rcu_pending() false positives
Now that there are both ->gpnum and ->completed fields in the
rcu_node structure, __rcu_pending() should check rdp->gpnum and
rdp->completed against rnp->gpnum and rdp->completed, respectively,
instead of the prior comparison against the rcu_state fields
rsp->gpnum and rsp->completed.

Given the old comparison, __rcu_pending() could return 1, resulting
in a needless raise_softirq(RCU_SOFTIRQ).  This useless work would
happen if RCU responded to a scheduling-clock interrupt after the
rcu_state fields had been updated, but before the rcu_node fields
had been updated.

Changing the comparison from the rcu_state fields to the rcu_node
fields prevents this useless work from happening.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12581706991966-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-14 10:31:42 +01:00