This commit introduces a new kind of back reference for btrfs metadata.
Once a filesystem has been mounted with this commit, IT WILL NO LONGER
BE MOUNTABLE BY OLDER KERNELS.
When a tree block in subvolume tree is cow'd, the reference counts of all
extents it points to are increased by one. At transaction commit time,
the old root of the subvolume is recorded in a "dead root" data structure,
and the btree it points to is later walked, dropping reference counts
and freeing any blocks where the reference count goes to 0.
The increments done during cow and decrements done after commit cancel out,
and the walk is a very expensive way to go about freeing the blocks that
are no longer referenced by the new btree root. This commit reduces the
transaction overhead by avoiding the need for dead root records.
When a non-shared tree block is cow'd, we free the old block at once, and the
new block inherits old block's references. When a tree block with reference
count > 1 is cow'd, we increase the reference counts of all extents
the new block points to by one, and decrease the old block's reference count by
one.
This dead tree avoidance code removes the need to modify the reference
counts of lower level extents when a non-shared tree block is cow'd.
But we still need to update back ref for all pointers in the block.
This is because the location of the block is recorded in the back ref
item.
We can solve this by introducing a new type of back ref. The new
back ref provides information about pointer's key, level and in which
tree the pointer lives. This information allow us to find the pointer
by searching the tree. The shortcoming of the new back ref is that it
only works for pointers in tree blocks referenced by their owner trees.
This is mostly a problem for snapshots, where resolving one of these
fuzzy back references would be O(number_of_snapshots) and quite slow.
The solution used here is to use the fuzzy back references in the common
case where a given tree block is only referenced by one root,
and use the full back references when multiple roots have a reference
on a given block.
This commit adds per subvolume red-black tree to keep trace of cached
inodes. The red-black tree helps the balancing code to find cached
inodes whose inode numbers within a given range.
This commit improves the balancing code by introducing several data
structures to keep the state of balancing. The most important one
is the back ref cache. It caches how the upper level tree blocks are
referenced. This greatly reduce the overhead of checking back ref.
The improved balancing code scales significantly better with a large
number of snapshots.
This is a very large commit and was written in a number of
pieces. But, they depend heavily on the disk format change and were
squashed together to make sure git bisect didn't end up in a
bad state wrt space balancing or the format change.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-unstable:
Btrfs: Spelling fix in btrfs_lookup_first_block_group comments
Btrfs: make show_options result match actual option names
Btrfs: remove outdated comment in btrfs_ioctl_resize()
Btrfs: remove some WARN_ONs in the IO failure path
Btrfs: Don't loop forever on metadata IO failures
Btrfs: init inode ordered_data_close flag properly
In Li Zefan's commit dae7b665cf,
a combination call of kmalloc() and copy_from_user() is replaced by
memdup_user(). So btrfs_ioctl_resize() doesn't use GFP_NOFS any more.
Signed-off-by: Li Hong <lihong.hi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-unstable:
Btrfs: look for acls during btrfs_read_locked_inode
Btrfs: fix acl caching
Btrfs: Fix a bunch of printk() warnings.
Btrfs: Fix a trivial warning using max() of u64 vs ULL.
Btrfs: remove unused btrfs_bit_radix slab
Btrfs: ratelimit IO error printks
Btrfs: remove #if 0 code
Btrfs: When shrinking, only update disk size on success
Btrfs: fix deadlocks and stalls on dead root removal
Btrfs: fix fallocate deadlock on inode extent lock
Btrfs: kill btrfs_cache_create
Btrfs: don't export symbols
Btrfs: simplify makefile
Btrfs: try to keep a healthy ratio of metadata vs data block groups
Just happened to notice a bunch of %llu vs u64 warnings. Here's a patch
to cast them all.
Signed-off-by: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The btrfs fallocate call takes an extent lock on the entire range
being fallocated, and then runs through insert_reserved_extent on each
extent as they are allocated.
The problem with this is that btrfs_drop_extents may decide to try
and take the same extent lock fallocate was already holding. The solution
used here is to push down knowledge of the range that is already locked
going into btrfs_drop_extents.
It turns out that at least one other caller had the same bug.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Remove open-coded memdup_user().
Note this changes some GFP_NOFS to GFP_KERNEL, since copy_from_user() may
cause pagefault, it's pointless to pass GFP_NOFS to kmalloc().
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This is a step in the direction of better -ENOSPC handling. Instead of
checking the global bytes counter we check the space_info bytes counters to
make sure we have enough space.
If we don't we go ahead and try to allocate a new chunk, and then if that fails
we return -ENOSPC. This patch adds two counters to btrfs_space_info,
bytes_delalloc and bytes_may_use.
bytes_delalloc account for extents we've actually setup for delalloc and will
be allocated at some point down the line.
bytes_may_use is to keep track of how many bytes we may use for delalloc at
some point. When we actually set the extent_bit for the delalloc bytes we
subtract the reserved bytes from the bytes_may_use counter. This keeps us from
not actually being able to allocate space for any delalloc bytes.
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>
Only root can add/remove devices
Only root can defrag subtrees
Only files open for writing can be defragged
Only files open for writing can be the destination for a clone
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch adds the missing mnt_drop_write to match
mnt_want_write in btrfs_ioctl_defrag and btrfs_ioctl_clone
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
The block group structs are referenced in many different
places, and it's not safe to free while balancing. So, those block
group structs were simply leaked instead.
This patch replaces the block group pointer in the inode with the starting byte
offset of the block group and adds reference counting to the block group
struct.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
Btrfs stores checksums for each data block. Until now, they have
been stored in the subvolume trees, indexed by the inode that is
referencing the data block. This means that when we read the inode,
we've probably read in at least some checksums as well.
But, this has a few problems:
* The checksums are indexed by logical offset in the file. When
compression is on, this means we have to do the expensive checksumming
on the uncompressed data. It would be faster if we could checksum
the compressed data instead.
* If we implement encryption, we'll be checksumming the plain text and
storing that on disk. This is significantly less secure.
* For either compression or encryption, we have to get the plain text
back before we can verify the checksum as correct. This makes the raid
layer balancing and extent moving much more expensive.
* It makes the front end caching code more complex, as we have touch
the subvolume and inodes as we cache extents.
* There is potentitally one copy of the checksum in each subvolume
referencing an extent.
The solution used here is to store the extent checksums in a dedicated
tree. This allows us to index the checksums by phyiscal extent
start and length. It means:
* The checksum is against the data stored on disk, after any compression
or encryption is done.
* The checksum is stored in a central location, and can be verified without
following back references, or reading inodes.
This makes compression significantly faster by reducing the amount of
data that needs to be checksummed. It will also allow much faster
raid management code in general.
The checksums are indexed by a key with a fixed objectid (a magic value
in ctree.h) and offset set to the starting byte of the extent. This
allows us to copy the checksum items into the fsync log tree directly (or
any other tree), without having to invent a second format for them.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch gives us the space we will need in order to have different csum
algorithims at some point in the future. We save the csum algorithim type
in the superblock, and use those instead of define's.
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>
Cleans the code up a little and also avoids a sparse warning due to the
incorrect cast in the current version of the code.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Provide a void __user *argp pointer so that we can avoid duplicating
the cast for various sub-command calls.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Shut up various sparse warnings about symbols that should be either
static or have their declarations in scope.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
The btrfs git kernel trees is used to build a standalone tree for
compiling against older kernels. This commit makes the standalone tree
work with 2.6.27
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
For a directory tree:
/mnt/subvolA/subvolB
btrfsctl -s /mnt/subvolA/subvolB /mnt
Will create a directory loop with subvolA under subvolB. This
commit uses the forward refs for each subvol and snapshot to error out
before creating the loop.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Subvols and snapshots can now be referenced from any point in the directory
tree. We need to maintain back refs for them so we can find lost
subvols.
Forward refs are added so that we know all of the subvols and
snapshots referenced anywhere in the directory tree of a single subvol. This
can be used to do recursive snapshotting (but they aren't yet) and it is
also used to detect and prevent directory loops when creating new snapshots.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Each subvolume has its own private inode number space, and so we need
to fill in different device numbers for each subvolume to avoid confusing
applications.
This commit puts a struct super_block into struct btrfs_root so it can
call set_anon_super() and get a different device number generated for
each root.
btrfs_rename is changed to prevent renames across subvols.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Before, all snapshots and subvolumes lived in a single flat directory. This
was awkward and confusing because the single flat directory was only writable
with the ioctls.
This commit changes the ioctls to create subvols and snapshots at any
point in the directory tree. This requires making separate ioctls for
snapshot and subvol creation instead of a combining them into one.
The subvol ioctl does:
btrfsctl -S subvol_name parent_dir
After the ioctl is done subvol_name lives inside parent_dir.
The snapshot ioctl does:
btrfsctl -s path_for_snapshot root_to_snapshot
path_for_snapshot can be an absolute or relative path. btrfsctl breaks it up
into directory and basename components.
root_to_snapshot can be any file or directory in the FS. The snapshot
is taken of the entire root where that file lives.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Seed device is a special btrfs with SEEDING super flag
set and can only be mounted in read-only mode. Seed
devices allow people to create new btrfs on top of it.
The new FS contains the same contents as the seed device,
but it can be mounted in read-write mode.
This patch does the following:
1) split code in btrfs_alloc_chunk into two parts. The first part does makes
the newly allocated chunk usable, but does not do any operation that modifies
the chunk tree. The second part does the the chunk tree modifications. This
division is for the bootstrap step of adding storage to the seed device.
2) Update device management code to handle seed device.
The basic idea is: For an FS grown from seed devices, its
seed devices are put into a list. Seed devices are
opened on demand at mounting time. If any seed device is
missing or has been changed, btrfs kernel module will
refuse to mount the FS.
3) make btrfs_find_block_group not return NULL when all
block groups are read-only.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
This patch adds mount ro and remount support. The main
changes in patch are: adding btrfs_remount and related
helper function; splitting the transaction related code
out of close_ctree into btrfs_commit_super; updating
allocator to properly handle read only block group.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
This patch adds an additional CLONE_RANGE ioctl to clone an arbitrary
(block-aligned) file range to another file. The original CLONE ioctl
becomes a special case of cloning the entire file range. The logic is a
bit more complex now since ranges may be cloned to different offsets, and
because we may only be cloning the beginning or end of a particular extent
or checksum item.
An additional sanity check ensures the source and destination files aren't
the same (which would previously deadlock), although eventually this could
be extended to allow the duplication of file data at a different offset
within the same file.
Any extents within the destination range in the target file are dropped.
We currently do not cope with the case where a compressed inline extent
needs to be split. This will probably require decompressing the extent
into a temporary address_space, and inserting just the cloned portion as a
new compressed inline extent. For now, just return -EINVAL in this case.
Note that this never comes up in the more common case of cloning an entire
file.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch updates btrfs-progs for fallocate support.
fallocate is a little different in Btrfs because we need to tell the
COW system that a given preallocated extent doesn't need to be
cow'd as long as there are no snapshots of it. This leverages the
-o nodatacow checks.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
This patch simplifies the nodatacow checker. If all references
were created after the latest snapshot, then we can avoid COW
safely. This patch also updates run_delalloc_nocow to do more
fine-grained checking.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
This patch adds transaction IDs to root tree pointers.
Transaction IDs in tree pointers are compared with the
generation numbers in block headers when reading root
blocks of trees. This can detect some types of IO errors.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
Subvol creation already requires privs, and security_inode_mkdir isn't
exported. For now we don't need it.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Creating a subvolume is in many ways like a normal VFS ->mkdir, and we
really need to play with the VFS topology locking rules. So instead of
just creating the snapshot on disk and then later getting rid of
confliting aliases do it correctly from the start. This will become
especially important once we allow for subvolumes anywhere in the tree,
and not just below a hidden root.
Note that snapshots will need the same treatment, but do to the delay
in creating them we can't do it currently. Chris promised to fix that
issue, so I'll wait on that.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
The offset field in struct btrfs_extent_ref records the position
inside file that file extent is referenced by. In the new back
reference system, tree leaves holding references to file extent
are recorded explicitly. We can scan these tree leaves very quickly, so the
offset field is not required.
This patch also makes the back reference system check the objectid
when extents are in deleting.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
This patch makes btrfs count space allocated to file in bytes instead
of 512 byte sectors.
Everything else in btrfs uses a byte count instead of sector sizes or
blocks sizes, so this fits better.
Signed-off-by: Yan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
* Add an EXTENT_BOUNDARY state bit to keep the writepage code
from merging data extents that are in the process of being
relocated. This allows us to do accounting for them properly.
* The balancing code relocates data extents indepdent of the underlying
inode. The extent_map code was modified to properly account for
things moving around (invalidating extent_map caches in the inode).
* Don't take the drop_mutex in the create_subvol ioctl. It isn't
required.
* Fix walking of the ordered extent list to avoid races with sys_unlink
* Change the lock ordering rules. Transaction start goes outside
the drop_mutex. This allows btrfs_commit_transaction to directly
drop the relocation trees.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch makes the back reference system to explicit record the
location of parent node for all types of extents. The location of
parent node is placed into the offset field of backref key. Every
time a tree block is balanced, the back references for the affected
lower level extents are updated.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Commit 597:466b27332893 (btrfs_start_transaction: wait for commits in
progress) breaks the transaction start/stop ioctls by making
btrfs_start_transaction conditionally wait for the next transaction to
start. If an application artificially is holding a transaction open,
things deadlock.
This workaround maintains a count of open ioctl-initiated transactions in
fs_info, and avoids wait_current_trans() if any are currently open (in
start_transaction() and btrfs_throttle()). The start transaction ioctl
uses a new btrfs_start_ioctl_transaction() that _does_ call
wait_current_trans(), effectively pushing the join/wait decision to the
outer ioctl-initiated transaction.
This more or less neuters btrfs_throttle() when ioctl-initiated
transactions are in use, but that seems like a pretty fundamental
consequence of wrapping lots of write()'s in a transaction. Btrfs has no
way to tell if the application considers a given operation as part of it's
transaction.
Obviously, if the transaction start/stop ioctls aren't being used, there
is no effect on current behavior.
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
---
ctree.h | 1 +
ioctl.c | 12 +++++++++++-
transaction.c | 18 +++++++++++++-----
transaction.h | 2 ++
4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
While dropping snapshots, walk_down_tree does most of the work of checking
reference counts and limiting tree traversal to just the blocks that
we are freeing.
It dropped and held the allocation mutex in strange and confusing ways,
this commit changes it to only hold the mutex while actually freeing a block.
The rest of the checks around reference counts should be safe without the lock
because we only allow one process in btrfs_drop_snapshot at a time. Other
processes dropping reference counts should not drop it to 1 because
their tree roots already have an extra ref on the block.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The 'char name[BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX]' member of struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args
is passed directly to strlen() after being copied from user. I haven't
verified this, but in theory a userspace program could pass in an
unterminated string and cause a kernel crash as strlen walks off the end of
the array.
This patch terminates the ->name string in all btrfs ioctl functions which
currently use a 'struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args'. Since the string is now
properly terminated, it's length will never be longer than
BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX so that error check has been removed.
By the way, it might be better overall to just have the ioctl pass an
unterminated string + length structure but I didn't bother with that since
it'd change the kernel/user interface.
Signed-off-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Before setting an extent to delalloc, the code needs to wait for
pending ordered extents.
Also, the relocation code needs to wait for ordered IO before scanning
the block group again. This is because the extents are not removed
until the IO for the new extents is finished
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
