There exists duplicated "the" in the help text of CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT,
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Xuefeng Li <lixuefeng@loongson.cn>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1591103358-32087-2-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The return value of oops_may_print() is true or false, so change its type
to reflect that.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Xuefeng Li <lixuefeng@loongson.cn>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1591103358-32087-1-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use array_size() helper instead of the open-coded version in
copy_{from,to}_user(). These sorts of multiplication factors need to be
wrapped in array_size().
This issue was found with the help of Coccinelle and, audited and fixed
manually.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Alexandre Bounine <alex.bou9@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200616183050.GA31840@embeddedor
Addresses-KSPP-ID: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/83
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make use of the struct_size() helper instead of an open-coded version in
order to avoid any potential type mistakes.
Also, while there, use the preferred form for passing a size of a struct.
The alternative form where struct name is spelled out hurts readability
and introduces an opportunity for a bug when the pointer variable type is
changed but the corresponding sizeof that is passed as argument is not.
This issue was found with the help of Coccinelle and, audited and fixed
manually.
Addresses KSPP ID: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/83
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Alexandre Bounine <alex.bou9@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200619170445.GA22641@embeddedor
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make use of the struct_size() helper instead of an open-coded version in
order to avoid any potential type mistakes.
This issue was found with the help of Coccinelle and, audited and fixed
manually.
Addresses KSPP ID: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/83
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Alexandre Bounine <alex.bou9@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200619170843.GA24923@embeddedor
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make kernel GNU build-id available in VMCOREINFO. Having build-id in
VMCOREINFO facilitates presenting appropriate kernel namelist image with
debug information file to kernel crash dump analysis tools. Currently
VMCOREINFO lacks uniquely identifiable key for crash analysis automation.
Regarding if this patch is necessary or matching of linux_banner and
OSRELEASE in VMCOREINFO employed by crash(8) meets the need -- IMO,
build-id approach more foolproof, in most instances it is a cryptographic
hash generated using internal code/ELF bits unlike kernel version string
upon which linux_banner is based that is external to the code. I feel
each is intended for a different purpose. Also OSRELEASE is not suitable
when two different kernel builds from same version with different features
enabled.
Currently for most linux (and non-linux) systems build-id can be extracted
using standard methods for file types such as user mode crash dumps,
shared libraries, loadable kernel modules etc., This is an exception for
linux kernel dump. Having build-id in VMCOREINFO brings some uniformity
for automation tools.
Tyler said:
: I think this is a nice improvement over today's linux_banner approach for
: correlating vmlinux to a kernel dump.
:
: The elf notes parsing in this patch lines up with what is described in in
: the "Notes (Nhdr)" section of the elf(5) man page.
:
: BUILD_ID_MAX is sufficient to hold a sha1 build-id, which is the default
: build-id type today in GNU ld(2). It is also sufficient to hold the
: "fast" build-id, which is the default build-id type today in LLVM lld(2).
Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1591849672-34104-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The path_noexec() check, like the regular file check, was happening too
late, letting LSMs see impossible execve()s. Check it earlier as well in
may_open() and collect the redundant fs/exec.c path_noexec() test under
the same robustness comment as the S_ISREG() check.
My notes on the call path, and related arguments, checks, etc:
do_open_execat()
struct open_flags open_exec_flags = {
.open_flag = O_LARGEFILE | O_RDONLY | __FMODE_EXEC,
.acc_mode = MAY_EXEC,
...
do_filp_open(dfd, filename, open_flags)
path_openat(nameidata, open_flags, flags)
file = alloc_empty_file(open_flags, current_cred());
do_open(nameidata, file, open_flags)
may_open(path, acc_mode, open_flag)
/* new location of MAY_EXEC vs path_noexec() test */
inode_permission(inode, MAY_OPEN | acc_mode)
security_inode_permission(inode, acc_mode)
vfs_open(path, file)
do_dentry_open(file, path->dentry->d_inode, open)
security_file_open(f)
open()
/* old location of path_noexec() test */
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200605160013.3954297-4-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The execve(2)/uselib(2) syscalls have always rejected non-regular files.
Recently, it was noticed that a deadlock was introduced when trying to
execute pipes, as the S_ISREG() test was happening too late. This was
fixed in commit 73601ea5b7 ("fs/open.c: allow opening only regular files
during execve()"), but it was added after inode_permission() had already
run, which meant LSMs could see bogus attempts to execute non-regular
files.
Move the test into the other inode type checks (which already look for
other pathological conditions[1]). Since there is no need to use
FMODE_EXEC while we still have access to "acc_mode", also switch the test
to MAY_EXEC.
Also include a comment with the redundant S_ISREG() checks at the end of
execve(2)/uselib(2) to note that they are present to avoid any mistakes.
My notes on the call path, and related arguments, checks, etc:
do_open_execat()
struct open_flags open_exec_flags = {
.open_flag = O_LARGEFILE | O_RDONLY | __FMODE_EXEC,
.acc_mode = MAY_EXEC,
...
do_filp_open(dfd, filename, open_flags)
path_openat(nameidata, open_flags, flags)
file = alloc_empty_file(open_flags, current_cred());
do_open(nameidata, file, open_flags)
may_open(path, acc_mode, open_flag)
/* new location of MAY_EXEC vs S_ISREG() test */
inode_permission(inode, MAY_OPEN | acc_mode)
security_inode_permission(inode, acc_mode)
vfs_open(path, file)
do_dentry_open(file, path->dentry->d_inode, open)
/* old location of FMODE_EXEC vs S_ISREG() test */
security_file_open(f)
open()
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202006041910.9EF0C602@keescook/
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200605160013.3954297-3-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Relocate execve() sanity checks", v2.
While looking at the code paths for the proposed O_MAYEXEC flag, I saw
some things that looked like they should be fixed up.
exec: Change uselib(2) IS_SREG() failure to EACCES
This just regularizes the return code on uselib(2).
exec: Move S_ISREG() check earlier
This moves the S_ISREG() check even earlier than it was already.
exec: Move path_noexec() check earlier
This adds the path_noexec() check to the same place as the
S_ISREG() check.
This patch (of 3):
Change uselib(2)' S_ISREG() error return to EACCES instead of EINVAL so
the behavior matches execve(2), and the seemingly documented value. The
"not a regular file" failure mode of execve(2) is explicitly
documented[1], but it is not mentioned in uselib(2)[2] which does,
however, say that open(2) and mmap(2) errors may apply. The documentation
for open(2) does not include a "not a regular file" error[3], but mmap(2)
does[4], and it is EACCES.
[1] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/execve.2.html#ERRORS
[2] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/uselib.2.html#ERRORS
[3] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html#ERRORS
[4] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mmap.2.html#ERRORS
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200605160013.3954297-1-keescook@chromium.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200605160013.3954297-2-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The document reads "%e" should be "executable filename" while actually it
could be changed by things like pr_ctl PR_SET_NAME. People who uses "%e"
in core_pattern get surprised when they find out they get thread name
instead of executable filename.
This is either a bug of document or a bug of code. Since the behavior of
"%e" is there for long time, it could bring another surprise for users if
we "fix" the code.
So we just "fix" the document. And more, for users who really need the
"executable filename" in core_pattern, we introduce a new "%f" for the
real executable filename. We already have "%E" for executable path in
kernel, so just reuse most of its code for the new added "%f" format.
Signed-off-by: Lepton Wu <ytht.net@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200701031432.2978761-1-ytht.net@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reset the member "test_fs" of the test configuration after a call of the
function "kfree_const" to a null pointer so that a double memory release
will not be performed.
Fixes: d9c6a72d6f ("kmod: add test driver to stress test the module loader")
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
Cc: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>
Cc: Roopa Prabhu <roopa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@gentoo.org>
Cc: Sergey Kvachonok <ravenexp@gmail.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Vroon <chainsaw@gentoo.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200610154923.27510-4-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There exists redundant "be an" in the comment, remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
Cc: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>
Cc: Roopa Prabhu <roopa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@gentoo.org>
Cc: Sergey Kvachonok <ravenexp@gmail.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Vroon <chainsaw@gentoo.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200610154923.27510-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "kmod/umh: a few fixes".
Tiezhu Yang had sent out a patch set with a slew of kmod selftest fixes,
and one patch which modified kmod to return 254 when a module was not
found. This opened up pandora's box about why that was being used for and
low and behold its because when UMH_WAIT_PROC is used we call a
kernel_wait4() call but have never unwrapped the error code. The commit
log for that fix details the rationale for the approach taken. I'd
appreciate some review on that, in particular nfs folks as it seems a case
was never really hit before.
This patch (of 5):
Use the variable NAME instead of "\000" directly in kmod_test_0001().
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>
Cc: Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Roopa Prabhu <roopa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@gentoo.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Sergey Kvachonok <ravenexp@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Vroon <chainsaw@gentoo.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200610154923.27510-1-mcgrof@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200610154923.27510-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel signalfd4() syscall returns different error codes when called
either in compat or native mode. This behaviour makes correct emulation
in qemu and testing programs like LTP more complicated.
Fix the code to always return -in both modes- EFAULT for unaccessible user
memory, and EINVAL when called with an invalid signal mask.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200530100707.GA10159@ls3530.fritz.box
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If data clusters == 0, fat_ra_init() calls the ->ent_blocknr() for the
cluster beyond ->max_clusters.
This checks the limit before initialization to suppress the warning.
Reported-by: syzbot+756199124937b31a9b7e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87mu462sv4.fsf@mail.parknet.co.jp
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rationale:
Reduces attack surface on kernel devs opening the links for MITM
as HTTPS traffic is much harder to manipulate.
Deterministic algorithm:
For each file:
If not .svg:
For each line:
If doesn't contain `xmlns`:
For each link, `http://[^# ]*(?:\w|/)`:
If neither `gnu\.org/license`, nor `mozilla\.org/MPL`:
If both the HTTP and HTTPS versions
return 200 OK and serve the same content:
Replace HTTP with HTTPS.
Signed-off-by: Alexander A. Klimov <grandmaster@al2klimov.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200708200409.22293-1-grandmaster@al2klimov.de
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no need to hold write_lock in fat_ioctl_get_attributes.
write_lock may make an impact on concurrency of fat_ioctl_get_attributes.
Signed-off-by: Yubo Feng <fengyubo3@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1593308053-12702-1-git-send-email-fengyubo3@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The 64 bit ino is being compared to the product of two u32 values,
however, the multiplication is being performed using a 32 bit multiply so
there is a potential of an overflow. To be fully safe, cast uspi->s_ncg
to a u64 to ensure a 64 bit multiplication occurs to avoid any chance of
overflow.
Fixes: f3e2a520f5 ("ufs: NFS support")
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Evgeniy Dushistov <dushistov@mail.ru>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200715170355.1081713-1-colin.king@canonical.com
Addresses-Coverity: ("Unintentional integer overflow")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add macros for nilfs_<level>(sb, fmt, ...) and convert the uses of
'nilfs_msg(sb, KERN_<LEVEL>, ...)' to 'nilfs_<level>(sb, ...)' so nilfs2
uses a logging style more like the typical kernel logging style.
Miscellanea:
o Realign arguments for these uses
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595860111-3920-4-git-send-email-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reduce object size a bit by removing the KERN_<LEVEL> as a separate
argument and adding it to the format string.
Reduce overall object size by about ~.5% (x86-64 defconfig w/ nilfs2)
old:
$ size -t fs/nilfs2/built-in.a | tail -1
191738 8676 44 200458 30f0a (TOTALS)
new:
$ size -t fs/nilfs2/built-in.a | tail -1
190971 8676 44 199691 30c0b (TOTALS)
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595860111-3920-3-git-send-email-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "nilfs2 updates".
This patch (of 3):
unlock_new_inode() is only meant to be called after a new inode has
already been inserted into the hash table. But nilfs_new_inode() can call
it even before it has inserted the inode, triggering the WARNING in
unlock_new_inode(). Fix this by only calling unlock_new_inode() if the
inode has the I_NEW flag set, indicating that it's in the table.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595860111-3920-1-git-send-email-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595860111-3920-2-git-send-email-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When truncating a file to a size within the last allowed logical block,
block_to_path() is called with the *next* block. This exceeds the limit,
causing the "block %ld too big" error message to be printed.
This case isn't actually an error; there are just no more blocks past that
point. So, remove this error message.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Qiujun Huang <anenbupt@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-7-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The minix filesystem reads its maximum file size from its on-disk
superblock. This value isn't necessarily a multiple of the block size.
When it's not, the V1 block mapping code doesn't allow mapping the last
possible block. Commit 6ed6a722f9 ("minixfs: fix block limit check")
fixed this in the V2 mapping code. Fix it in the V1 mapping code too.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Qiujun Huang <anenbupt@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-6-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The minix filesystem leaves super_block::s_maxbytes at MAX_NON_LFS rather
than setting it to the actual filesystem-specific limit. This is broken
because it means userspace doesn't see the standard behavior like getting
EFBIG and SIGXFSZ when exceeding the maximum file size.
Fix this by setting s_maxbytes correctly.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Qiujun Huang <anenbupt@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-5-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If the minix filesystem tries to map a very large logical block number to
its on-disk location, block_to_path() can return offsets that are too
large, causing out-of-bounds memory accesses when accessing indirect index
blocks. This should be prevented by the check against the maximum file
size, but this doesn't work because the maximum file size is read directly
from the on-disk superblock and isn't validated itself.
Fix this by validating the maximum file size at mount time.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Reported-by: syzbot+c7d9ec7a1a7272dd71b3@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reported-by: syzbot+3b7b03a0c28948054fb5@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reported-by: syzbot+6e056ee473568865f3e6@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Qiujun Huang <anenbupt@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-4-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "fs/minix: fix syzbot bugs and set s_maxbytes".
This series fixes all syzbot bugs in the minix filesystem:
KASAN: null-ptr-deref Write in get_block
KASAN: use-after-free Write in get_block
KASAN: use-after-free Read in get_block
WARNING in inc_nlink
KMSAN: uninit-value in get_block
WARNING in drop_nlink
It also fixes the minix filesystem to set s_maxbytes correctly, so that
userspace sees the correct behavior when exceeding the max file size.
This patch (of 6):
sb_getblk() can fail, so check its return value.
This fixes a NULL pointer dereference.
Originally from Qiujun Huang.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Reported-by: syzbot+4a88b2b9dc280f47baf4@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Qiujun Huang <anenbupt@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200628060846.682158-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change doubled word "is" to "it is".
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5a82befd-40f8-8dc0-3498-cbc0436cad9b@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This test doesn't work well and newer compilers are much better
at emitting this warning.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Cambda Zhu <cambda@linux.alibaba.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7e25090c79f6a69d502ab8219863300790192fe2.camel@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Try to avoid adding repeated words either on the same line or consecutive
comment lines in a block
e.g.:
duplicated word in comment block
/*
* this is a comment block where the last word of the previous
* previous line is also the first word of the next line
*/
and simple duplication
/* test this this again */
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cda9b566ad67976e1acd62b053de50ee44a57250.camel@perches.com
Inspired-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Checkpatch reports warnings when some specific structs are not declared as
const in the code. The list of structs to consider was initially defined
in the checkpatch.pl script itself, but it was later moved to an external
file (scripts/const_structs.checkpatch), in commit bf1fa1dae6
("checkpatch: externalize the structs that should be const"). This
introduced two minor issues:
- When file scripts/const_structs.checkpatch is not present (for
example, if checkpatch is run outside of the kernel directory with the
"--no-tree" option), a warning is printed to stderr to tell the user
that "No structs that should be const will be found". This is fair,
but the warning is printed unconditionally, even if the option
"--ignore CONST_STRUCT" is passed. In the latter case, we explicitly
ask checkpatch to skip this check, so no warning should be printed.
- When scripts/const_structs.checkpatch is missing, or even when trying
to silence the warning by adding an empty file, $const_structs is set
to "", and the regex used for finding structs that should be const,
"$line =~ /struct\s+($const_structs)(?!\s*\{)/)", matches all
structs found in the code, thus reporting a number of false positives.
Let's fix the first item by skipping scripts/const_structs.checkpatch
processing if "CONST_STRUCT" checks are ignored, and the second one by
skipping the test if $const_structs is not defined. Since we modify the
read_words() function a little bit, update the checks for
$typedefsfile/$typeOtherTypedefs as well.
Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623221822.3727-1-quentin@isovalent.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a --fix option for 2 types of single-line assignment in if statements
if ((foo = bar(...)) < BAZ) {
expands to:
foo = bar(..);
if (foo < BAZ) {
and
if ((foo = bar(...)) {
expands to:
foo = bar(...);
if (foo) {
if statements with assignments spanning multiple lines are
not converted with the --fix option.
if statements with additional logic are also not converted.
e.g.: if ((foo = bar(...)) & BAZ == BAZ) {
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9bc7c782516f37948f202deba511bc95ed279bbd.camel@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
IS_ENABLED is almost always used with CONFIG_<FOO> defines.
Add a test to verify that the #define being tested starts with CONFIG_.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e7fda760b91b769ba82844ba282d432c0d26d709.camel@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The documentation of the kstrto*() functions describes kstrto*() as
"replacements" of the "obsolete" simple_strto*() functions. Both of these
terms are inaccurate: they're not replacements because they have different
behaviour, and the simple_strto*() are not obsolete because there are
cases where they have benefits over kstrto*().
Remove usage of the terms "replacement" and "obsolete" in reference to
simple_strto*(), and instead use the term "preferred over".
Fixes: 4c925d6031 ("kstrto*: add documentation")
Fixes: 885e68e8b7 ("kernel.h: update comment about simple_strto<foo>() functions")
Signed-off-by: Kars Mulder <kerneldev@karsmulder.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Eldad Zack <eldad@fogrefinery.com>
Cc: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Cc: Mans Rullgard <mans@mansr.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/29b9-5f234c80-13-4e3aa200@244003027
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The documentation of the kstrto*() functions reference the simple_strtoull
function by "used as a replacement for [the obsolete] simple_strtoull".
All these functions describes themselves as replacements for the function
simple_strtoull, even though a function like kstrtol() would be more aptly
described as a replacement of simple_strtol().
Fix these references by making the documentation of kstrto*() reference
the closest simple_strto*() equivalent available. The functions
kstrto[u]int() do not have direct simple_strto[u]int() equivalences, so
these are made to refer to simple_strto[u]l() instead.
Furthermore, add parentheses after function names, as is standard in
kernel documentation.
Fixes: 4c925d6031 ("kstrto*: add documentation")
Signed-off-by: Kars Mulder <kerneldev@karsmulder.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Eldad Zack <eldad@fogrefinery.com>
Cc: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Cc: Mans Rullgard <mans@mansr.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1ee1-5f234c00-f3-165a6440@234394593
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rationale:
Reduces attack surface on kernel devs opening the links for MITM
as HTTPS traffic is much harder to manipulate.
Signed-off-by: Alexander A. Klimov <grandmaster@al2klimov.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de> [crc64.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200726112154.16510-1-grandmaster@al2klimov.de
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since filp_open() returns an error pointer, we should use IS_ERR() to
check the return value and then return PTR_ERR() if failed to get the
actual return value instead of always -EINVAL.
E.g. without this patch:
[root@localhost loongson]# ls no_such_file
ls: cannot access no_such_file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost loongson]# modprobe test_lockup file_path=no_such_file lock_sb_umount time_secs=60 state=S
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'test_lockup': Invalid argument
[root@localhost loongson]# dmesg | tail -1
[ 126.100596] test_lockup: cannot find file_path
With this patch:
[root@localhost loongson]# ls no_such_file
ls: cannot access no_such_file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost loongson]# modprobe test_lockup file_path=no_such_file lock_sb_umount time_secs=60 state=S
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'test_lockup': Unknown symbol in module, or unknown parameter (see dmesg)
[root@localhost loongson]# dmesg | tail -1
[ 95.134362] test_lockup: failed to open no_such_file: -2
Fixes: aecd42df6d ("lib/test_lockup.c: add parameters for locking generic vfs locks")
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595555407-29875-2-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since test_lockup is a test module to generate lockups, it is better to
limit TEST_LOCKUP to module (=m) or disabled (=n) because we can not use
the module parameters when CONFIG_TEST_LOCKUP=y.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595555407-29875-1-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix sparse build warning:
lib/test_lockup.c:403:1: warning:
symbol '__pcpu_scope_test_works' was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200707112252.9047-1-weiyongjun1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, the bitops test consists of two parts: one part is executed
during module load, the second part during module unload. This is
cumbersome for the user, as he has to perform two steps to execute all
tests, and is different from most (all?) other tests.
Merge the two parts, so both are executed during module load.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Jesse Brandeburg <jesse.brandeburg@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200706112900.7097-1-geert@linux-m68k.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
struct __genradix is defined as having its member 'root'
annotated as __rcu. But in the corresponding API RCU is not used.
Sparse reports this type mismatch as:
lib/generic-radix-tree.c:56:35: warning: incorrect type in initializer (different address spaces)
lib/generic-radix-tree.c:56:35: expected struct genradix_root *r
lib/generic-radix-tree.c:56:35: got struct genradix_root [noderef] <asn:4> *__val
with 6 other ones.
So, correct root's type by removing this unneeded __rcu.
Signed-off-by: Luc Van Oostenryck <luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200621161745.55396-1-luc.vanoostenryck@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inspired by an original patch from Yury Norov: introduce a test for
bitmap_cut() that also makes sure functionality is as described for
partially overlapping src and dst.
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5fc45e6bbd4fa837cd9577f8a0c1d639df90a4ce.1592155364.git.sbrivio@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "lib: Fix bitmap_cut() for overlaps, add test"
This patch (of 2):
Yury Norov reports that bitmap_cut() will not produce the right outcome if
src and dst partially overlap, with src pointing at some location after
dst, because the memmove() affects src before we store the bits that we
need to keep, that is, the bits preceding the cut -- as long as we the
beginning of the cut is not aligned to a long.
Fix this by storing those bits before the memmove().
Note that this is just a theoretical concern so far, as the only user of
this function, pipapo_drop() from the nftables set back-end implemented in
net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c, always supplies entirely overlapping src
and dst.
Fixes: 2092767168 ("bitmap: Introduce bitmap_cut(): cut bits and shift remaining")
Reported-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1592155364.git.sbrivio@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/003e38d4428cd6091ef00b5b03354f1bd7d9091e.1592155364.git.sbrivio@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the definition was changed, the comment became stale. Just remove
it since there isn't anything useful to say here.
Fixes: b8a0255db9 ("include/linux/poison.h: use POISON_POINTER_DELTA for poison pointers")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vasily Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200730174108.GJ23808@casper.infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rationale:
Reduces attack surface on kernel devs opening the links for MITM
as HTTPS traffic is much harder to manipulate.
Signed-off-by: Alexander A. Klimov <grandmaster@al2klimov.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200726110117.16346-1-grandmaster@al2klimov.de
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recently 0day reported many strange performance changes (regression or
improvement), in which there was no obvious relation between the culprit
commit and the benchmark at the first look, and it causes people to doubt
the test itself is wrong.
Upon further check, many of these cases are caused by the change to the
alignment of kernel text or data, as whole text/data of kernel are linked
together, change in one domain may affect alignments of other domains.
gcc has an option '-falign-functions=n' to force text aligned, and with
that option enabled, some of those performance changes will be gone, like
[1][2][3].
Add this option so that developers and 0day can easily find performance
bump caused by text alignment change, as tracking these strange bump is
quite time consuming. Though it can't help in other cases like data
alignment changes like [4].
Following is some size data for v5.7 kernel built with a RHEL config used
in 0day:
text data bss dec filename
19738771 13292906 5554236 38585913 vmlinux.noalign
19758591 13297002 5529660 38585253 vmlinux.align32
Raw vmlinux size in bytes:
v5.7 v5.7+align32
253950832 254018000 +0.02%
Some benchmark data, most of them have no big change:
* hackbench: [ -1.8%, +0.5%]
* fsmark: [ -3.2%, +3.4%] # ext4/xfs/btrfs
* kbuild: [ -2.0%, +0.9%]
* will-it-scale: [ -0.5%, +1.8%] # mmap1/pagefault3
* netperf:
- TCP_CRR [+16.6%, +97.4%]
- TCP_RR [-18.5%, -1.8%]
- TCP_STREAM [ -1.1%, +1.9%]
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200114085637.GA29297@shao2-debian/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200330011254.GA14393@feng-iot/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1d98d1f0-fe84-6df7-f5bd-f4cb2cdb7f45@intel.com/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200205123216.GO12867@shao2-debian/
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595475001-90945-1-git-send-email-feng.tang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a helper that waits for a pid and stores the status in the passed in
kernel pointer. Use it to fix the usage of kernel_wait4 in
call_usermodehelper_exec_sync that only happens to work due to the
implicit set_fs(KERNEL_DS) for kernel threads.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200721130449.5008-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
