In the past, ext4_calc_metadata_amount(), and its sub-functions
ext4_ext_calc_metadata_amount() and ext4_indirect_calc_metadata_amount()
badly over-estimated the number of metadata blocks that might be
required for delayed allocation blocks. This didn't matter as much
when functions which managed the reserved metadata blocks were more
aggressive about dropping reserved metadata blocks as delayed
allocation blocks were written, but unfortunately they were too
aggressive. This was fixed in commit 0637c6f, but as a result the
over-estimation by ext4_calc_metadata_amount() would lead to reserving
2-3 times the number of pending delayed allocation blocks as
potentially required metadata blocks. So if there are 1 megabytes of
blocks which have been not yet been allocation, up to 3 megabytes of
space would get reserved out of the user's quota and from the file
system free space pool until all of the inode's data blocks have been
allocated.
This commit addresses this problem by much more accurately estimating
the number of metadata blocks that will be required. It will still
somewhat over-estimate the number of blocks needed, since it must make
a worst case estimate not knowing which physical blocks will be
needed, but it is much more accurate than before.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Commit 0637c6f had a typo which caused the reserved metadata blocks to
not be released correctly. Fix this.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
As reported in Kernel Bugzilla #14936, commit d21cd8f triggered a BUG
in the function ext4_da_update_reserve_space() found in
fs/ext4/inode.c. The root cause of this BUG() was caused by the fact
that ext4_calc_metadata_amount() can severely over-estimate how many
metadata blocks will be needed, especially when using direct
block-mapped files.
In addition, it can also badly *under* estimate how much space is
needed, since ext4_calc_metadata_amount() assumes that the blocks are
contiguous, and this is not always true. If the application is
writing blocks to a sparse file, the number of metadata blocks
necessary can be severly underestimated by the functions
ext4_da_reserve_space(), ext4_da_update_reserve_space() and
ext4_da_release_space(). This was the cause of the dq_claim_space
reports found on kerneloops.org.
Unfortunately, doing this right means that we need to massively
over-estimate the amount of free space needed. So in some cases we
may need to force the inode to be written to disk asynchronously in
to avoid spurious quota failures.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14936
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When ext4_da_writepages increases the nr_to_write in writeback_control
then it must always re-base the return value. Originally there was a
(misguided) attempt prevent wbc.nr_to_write from going negative. In
fact, it's necessary to allow nr_to_write to be negative so that
wb_writeback() can correctly calculate how many pages were actually
written.
Signed-off-by: Richard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Creating many small files in rapid succession on a small
filesystem can lead to spurious ENOSPC; on a 104MB filesystem:
for i in `seq 1 22500`; do
echo -n > $SCRATCH_MNT/$i
echo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX > $SCRATCH_MNT/$i
done
leads to ENOSPC even though after a sync, 40% of the fs is free
again.
This is because we reserve worst-case metadata for delalloc writes,
and when data is allocated that worst-case reservation is not
usually needed.
When freespace is low, kicking off an async writeback will start
converting that worst-case space usage into something more realistic,
almost always freeing up space to continue.
This resolves the testcase for me, and survives all 4 generic
ENOSPC tests in xfstests.
We'll still need a hard synchronous sync to squeeze out the last bit,
but this fixes things up to a large degree.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Unlock i_block_reservation_lock before vfs_dq_reserve_block().
This patch fixes http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14739
CC: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This patch also fixes write vs chown race condition.
Acked-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (47 commits)
ext4: Fix potential fiemap deadlock (mmap_sem vs. i_data_sem)
ext4: Do not override ext2 or ext3 if built they are built as modules
jbd2: Export jbd2_log_start_commit to fix ext4 build
ext4: Fix insufficient checks in EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT
ext4: Wait for proper transaction commit on fsync
ext4: fix incorrect block reservation on quota transfer.
ext4: quota macros cleanup
ext4: ext4_get_reserved_space() must return bytes instead of blocks
ext4: remove blocks from inode prealloc list on failure
ext4: wait for log to commit when umounting
ext4: Avoid data / filesystem corruption when write fails to copy data
ext4: Use ext4 file system driver for ext2/ext3 file system mounts
ext4: Return the PTR_ERR of the correct pointer in setup_new_group_blocks()
jbd2: Add ENOMEM checking in and for jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer()
ext4: remove unused parameter wbc from __ext4_journalled_writepage()
ext4: remove encountered_congestion trace
ext4: move_extent_per_page() cleanup
ext4: initialize moved_len before calling ext4_move_extents()
ext4: Fix double-free of blocks with EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT
ext4: use ext4_data_block_valid() in ext4_free_blocks()
...
We cannot rely on buffer dirty bits during fsync because pdflush can come
before fsync is called and clear dirty bits without forcing a transaction
commit. What we do is that we track which transaction has last changed
the inode and which transaction last changed allocation and force it to
disk on fsync.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Inside ->setattr() call both ATTR_UID and ATTR_GID may be valid
This means that we may end-up with transferring all quotas. Add
we have to reserve QUOTA_DEL_BLOCKS for all quotas, as we do in
case of QUOTA_INIT_BLOCKS.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Currently all quota block reservation macros contains hard-coded "2"
aka MAXQUOTAS value. This is no good because in some places it is not
obvious to understand what does this digit represent. Let's introduce
new macro with self descriptive name.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When ext4_write_begin fails after allocating some blocks or
generic_perform_write fails to copy data to write, we truncate blocks
already instantiated beyond i_size. Although these blocks were never
inside i_size, we have to truncate the pagecache of these blocks so
that corresponding buffers get unmapped. Otherwise subsequent
__block_prepare_write (called because we are retrying the write) will
find the buffers mapped, not call ->get_block, and thus the page will
be backed by already freed blocks leading to filesystem and data
corruption.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Add the facility for ext4_forget() to be called from
ext4_free_blocks(). This simplifies the code in a large number of
places, and centralizes most of the work of calling ext4_forget() into
a single place.
Also fix a bug in the extents migration code; it wasn't calling
ext4_forget() when releasing the indirect blocks during the
conversion. As a result, if the system cashed during or shortly after
the extents migration, and the released indirect blocks get reused as
data blocks, the journal replay would corrupt the data blocks. With
this new patch, fixing this bug was as simple as adding the
EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET flags to the call to ext4_free_blocks().
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Convert the last two callers of ext4_journal_forget() to use
ext4_forget() instead, and then fold ext4_journal_forget() into
ext4_forget(). This reduces are code complexity and shortens our call
stack.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The ext4_forget() function better belongs in ext4_jbd2.c. This will
allow us to do some cleanup of the ext4_journal_revoke() and
ext4_journal_forget() functions, as well as giving us better error
reporting since we can report the caller of ext4_forget() when things
go wrong.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When an error happened in ext4_splice_branch we failed to notice that
in ext4_ind_get_blocks and mapped the buffer anyway. Fix the problem
by checking for error properly.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The block validity checks used by ext4_data_block_valid() wasn't
correctly written to check file systems with the meta_bg feature. Fix
this.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
We need to be testing the i_flags field in the ext4 specific portion
of the inode, instead of the (confusingly aliased) i_flags field in
the generic struct inode.
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
When an inode gets unlinked, the functions ext4_clear_blocks() and
ext4_remove_blocks() call ext4_forget() for all the buffer heads
corresponding to the deleted inode's data blocks. If the inode is a
directory or a symlink, the is_metadata parameter must be non-zero so
ext4_forget() will revoke them via jbd2_journal_revoke(). Otherwise,
if these blocks are reused for a data file, and the system crashes
before a journal checkpoint, the journal replay could end up
corrupting these data blocks.
Thanks to Curt Wohlgemuth for pointing out potential problems in this
area.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
One of the invalid error paths in ext4_iget() forgot to brelse() the
inode buffer head. Fix it by adding a brelse() in the common error
return path, which also simplifies function.
Thanks to Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> reporting the problem.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The ext4_debug() call in ext4_end_io_dio() should be moved after the
check to make sure that io_end is non-NULL.
The comment above ext4_get_block_dio_write() ("Maximum number of
blocks...") is a duplicate; the original and correct comment is above
the #define DIO_MAX_BLOCKS up above.
Based on review comments from Curt Wohlgemuth.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
At the end of direct I/O operation, ext4_ext_direct_IO() always called
ext4_convert_unwritten_extents(), regardless of whether there were any
unwritten extents involved in the I/O or not.
This commit adds a state flag so that ext4_ext_direct_IO() only calls
ext4_convert_unwritten_extents() when necessary.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
After a direct I/O request covering an uninitalized extent (i.e.,
created using the fallocate system call) or a hole in a file, ext4
will convert the uninitialized extent so it is marked as initialized
by calling ext4_convert_unwritten_extents(). This function returns
zero on success.
This return value was getting returned by ext4_direct_IO(); however
the file system's direct_IO function is supposed to return the number
of bytes read or written on a success. By returning zero, it confused
the direct I/O code into falling back to buffered I/O unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When restart a transaction during a truncate operation, we drop and
reacquire i_data_sem. After reacquiring i_data_sem, we need to
discard any inode-based preallocation that might have been grabbed
while we released i_data_sem (for example, if pdflush is allocating
blocks and racing against the truncate).
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
On a 256M filesystem, doing this in a loop:
xfs_io -F -f -d -c 'pwrite 0 64m' test
rm -f test
eventually leads to ENOSPC. (the xfs_io command does a
64m direct IO write to the file "test")
As with other block allocation callers, it looks like we need to
potentially retry the allocations on the initial ENOSPC.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This fixes the following warning:
fs/ext4/inode.c: In function 'ext4_dirty_inode':
fs/ext4/inode.c:5615: warning: unused variable 'current_handle'
We remove the jbd_debug() statement which does use current_handle, as
it's not terribly important in the grand scheme of things.
Thanks to Stephen Rothwell for pointing this out.
Signed-off-by: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
In ext4_num_dirty_pages() we were calling page_buffers() before
checking to see if the page actually had pages attached to it; this
would cause a BUG check crash in the inline function page_buffers().
Thanks to Markus Trippelsdorf for reporting this bug.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch a problem that ext4_dirty_inode() was not calling
ext4_mark_inode_dirty() if the current_handle is not valid, which it
is the case in no journal mode.
It also removes a test for non-matching transaction which can never
happen.
Signed-off-by: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This is a cleanup of commit 91ac6f4. Since ext4_mark_inode_dirty()
has already called ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(), which in turn calls
ext4_do_update_inode(), it's not necessary to have ext4_write_inode()
call ext4_do_update_inode() in no journal mode. Indeed, it would be
duplicated work.
Reviewed-by: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
For async direct IO that covers holes or fallocate, the end_io
callback function now queued the convertion work on workqueue but
don't flush the work rightaway as it might take too long to afford.
But when fsync is called after all the data is completed, user expects
the metadata also being updated before fsync returns.
Thus we need to flush the conversion work when fsync() is called.
This patch keep track of a listed of completed async direct io that
has a work queued on workqueue. When fsync() is called, it will go
through the list and do the conversion.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Currently the DIO VFS code passes create = 0 when writing to the
middle of file. It does this to avoid block allocation for holes, so
as not to expose stale data out when there is a parallel buffered read
(which does not hold the i_mutex lock). Direct I/O writes into holes
falls back to buffered IO for this reason.
Since preallocated extents are treated as holes when doing a
get_block() look up (buffer is not mapped), direct IO over fallocate
also falls back to buffered IO. Thus ext4 actually silently falls
back to buffered IO in above two cases, which is undesirable.
To fix this, this patch creates unitialized extents when a direct I/O
write into holes in sparse files, and registering an end_io callback which
converts the uninitialized extent to an initialized extent after the
I/O is completed.
Singed-Off-By: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When writing into an unitialized extent via direct I/O, and the direct
I/O doesn't exactly cover the unitialized extent, split the extent
into uninitialized and initialized extents before submitting the I/O.
This avoids needing to deal with an ENOSPC error in the end_io
callback that gets used for direct I/O.
When the IO is complete, the written extent will be marked as initialized.
Singed-Off-By: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
ext4_da_reserve_space() can reserve quota blocks multiple times if
ext4_claim_free_blocks() fail and we retry the allocation. We should
release the quota reservation before restarting.
Bug found by Jan Kara.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Work around problems in the writeback code to force out writebacks in
larger chunks than just 4mb, which is just too small. This also works
around limitations in the ext4 block allocator, which can't allocate
more than 2048 blocks at a time. So we need to defeat the round-robin
characteristics of the writeback code and try to write out as many
blocks in one inode before allowing the writeback code to move on to
another inode. We add a a new per-filesystem tunable,
max_writeback_mb_bump, which caps this to a default of 128mb per
inode.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This allows the user to see what filesystem was involved with a
particular ext4_da_writepage() error. Also, use KERN_CRIT which is
more appropriate than KERN_EMERG.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
* 'hwpoison' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6: (21 commits)
HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page on btrfs
HWPOISON: Add simple debugfs interface to inject hwpoison on arbitary PFNs
HWPOISON: Add madvise() based injector for hardware poisoned pages v4
HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page for NFS
HWPOISON: Enable .remove_error_page for migration aware file systems
HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7
HWPOISON: Add PR_MCE_KILL prctl to control early kill behaviour per process
HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked page
HWPOISON: Define a new error_remove_page address space op for async truncation
HWPOISON: Add invalidate_inode_page
HWPOISON: Refactor truncate to allow direct truncating of page v2
HWPOISON: check and isolate corrupted free pages v2
HWPOISON: Handle hardware poisoned pages in try_to_unmap
HWPOISON: Use bitmask/action code for try_to_unmap behaviour
HWPOISON: x86: Add VM_FAULT_HWPOISON handling to x86 page fault handler v2
HWPOISON: Add poison check to page fault handling
HWPOISON: Add basic support for poisoned pages in fault handler v3
HWPOISON: Add new SIGBUS error codes for hardware poison signals
HWPOISON: Add support for poison swap entries v2
HWPOISON: Export some rmap vma locking to outside world
...
In an attempt to avoid doing an unneeded flush after opening a
(previously non-existent) file with O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, the code only
triggered the hueristic if ei->disksize was non-zero. Turns out that
the VFS doesn't call ->truncate() if the file doesn't exist, and
ei->disksize is always zero even if the file previously existed. So
remove the test, since it isn't necessary and in fact disabled the
hueristic.
Thanks to Clemens Eisserer that he was seeing problems with files
written using kwrite and eclipse after sudden crashes caused by a
buggy Intel video driver.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
EXT4_EXT_MIGRATE is only intended to be used for an in-memory flag,
and the hex value assigned to it collides with FS_DIRECTIO_FL (which
is also stored in i_flags). There's no reason for the
EXT4_EXT_MIGRATE bit to be stored in i_flags, so we switch it to use
i_state instead.
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Today, the ext4 allocator will happily allocate blocks past
2^32 for indirect-block files, which results in the block
numbers getting truncated, and corruption ensues.
This patch limits such allocations to < 2^32, and adds
BUG_ONs if we do get blocks larger than that.
This should address RH Bug 519471, ext4 bitmap allocator
must limit blocks to < 2^32
* ext4_find_goal() is modified to choose a goal < UINT_MAX,
so that our starting point is in an acceptable range.
* ext4_xattr_block_set() is modified such that the goal block
is < UINT_MAX, as above.
* ext4_mb_regular_allocator() is modified so that the group
search does not continue into groups which are too high
* ext4_mb_use_preallocated() has a check that we don't use
preallocated space which is too far out
* ext4_alloc_blocks() and ext4_xattr_block_set() add some BUG_ONs
No attempt has been made to limit inode locations to < 2^32,
so we may wind up with blocks far from their inodes. Doing
this much already will lead to some odd ENOSPC issues when the
"lower 32" gets full, and further restricting inodes could
make that even weirder.
For high inodes, choosing a goal of the original, % UINT_MAX,
may be a bit odd, but then we're in an odd situation anyway,
and I don't know of a better heuristic.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Enable removing of corrupted pages through truncation
for a bunch of file systems: ext*, xfs, gfs2, ocfs2, ntfs
These should cover most server needs.
I chose the set of migration aware file systems for this
for now, assuming they have been especially audited.
But in general it should be safe for all file systems
on the data area that support read/write and truncate.
Caveat: the hardware error handler does not take i_mutex
for now before calling the truncate function. Is that ok?
Cc: tytso@mit.edu
Cc: hch@infradead.org
Cc: mfasheh@suse.com
Cc: aia21@cantab.net
Cc: hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk
Cc: swhiteho@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Teach ext4_write_inode() and ext4_do_update_inode() about non-journal
mode: If we're not using a journal, ext4_write_inode() now calls
ext4_do_update_inode() (after getting the iloc via ext4_get_inode_loc())
with a new "do_sync" parameter. If that parameter is nonzero _and_ we're
not using a journal, ext4_do_update_inode() calls sync_dirty_buffer()
instead of ext4_handle_dirty_metadata().
This problem was found in power-fail testing, checking the amount of
loss of files and blocks after a power failure when using fsync() and
when not using fsync(). It turned out that using fsync() was actually
worse than not doing so, possibly because it increased the likelihood
that the inodes would remain unflushed and would therefore be lost at
the power failure.
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
