replace open coded kmemdup() to save some screen space,
and allow inlining/not inlining to be triggered by gcc.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Fix various .c/.h typos in comments (no code changes).
Signed-off-by: Matt LaPlante <kernel1@cyberdogtech.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
in two of the error cases, dev is still NULL,
and we dereference it. Spotted by coverity (cid#1428, 1429)
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
It's not a input driver, so it doesn't belong in the input directory.
Cc: Sam Hocevar <sam@zoy.org>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@insightbb.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Deleted some unused code that could do bad things on non-x86 platforms.
Also fixed some minor formatting errors.
Thanks to Al Viro for pointing out the sparse errors.
Cc: Tony Olech <tony.olech@elandigitalsystems.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Maintain a per-CPU global "struct pt_regs *" variable which can be used instead
of passing regs around manually through all ~1800 interrupt handlers in the
Linux kernel.
The regs pointer is used in few places, but it potentially costs both stack
space and code to pass it around. On the FRV arch, removing the regs parameter
from all the genirq function results in a 20% speed up of the IRQ exit path
(ie: from leaving timer_interrupt() to leaving do_IRQ()).
Where appropriate, an arch may override the generic storage facility and do
something different with the variable. On FRV, for instance, the address is
maintained in GR28 at all times inside the kernel as part of general exception
handling.
Having looked over the code, it appears that the parameter may be handed down
through up to twenty or so layers of functions. Consider a USB character
device attached to a USB hub, attached to a USB controller that posts its
interrupts through a cascaded auxiliary interrupt controller. A character
device driver may want to pass regs to the sysrq handler through the input
layer which adds another few layers of parameter passing.
I've build this code with allyesconfig for x86_64 and i386. I've runtested the
main part of the code on FRV and i386, though I can't test most of the drivers.
I've also done partial conversion for powerpc and MIPS - these at least compile
with minimal configurations.
This will affect all archs. Mostly the changes should be relatively easy.
Take do_IRQ(), store the regs pointer at the beginning, saving the old one:
struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
And put the old one back at the end:
set_irq_regs(old_regs);
Don't pass regs through to generic_handle_irq() or __do_IRQ().
In timer_interrupt(), this sort of change will be necessary:
- update_process_times(user_mode(regs));
- profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING, regs);
+ update_process_times(user_mode(get_irq_regs()));
+ profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING);
I'd like to move update_process_times()'s use of get_irq_regs() into itself,
except that i386, alone of the archs, uses something other than user_mode().
Some notes on the interrupt handling in the drivers:
(*) input_dev() is now gone entirely. The regs pointer is no longer stored in
the input_dev struct.
(*) finish_unlinks() in drivers/usb/host/ohci-q.c needs checking. It does
something different depending on whether it's been supplied with a regs
pointer or not.
(*) Various IRQ handler function pointers have been moved to type
irq_handler_t.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from 1b16e7ac850969f38b375e511e3fa2f474a33867 commit)
New phidget interface kits (type 8/8/8) reset their outputs if they
haven't received a set report for 2 seconds.
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The purpose of this patch is to split off the case when a device does
not reply on the lower level (which is reported by HC hardware), and
a case when the device accepted the request, but does not reply at
upper level. This redefinition allows to diagnose issues easier,
without asking the user if the -110 happened "immediately".
The usbmon splits such cases already thanks to its timestamp, but
it's not always available.
I adjusted all drivers which I found affected (by searching for "urb").
Out of tree drivers may suffer a little bit, but I do not expect much
breakage. At worst they may print a few messages.
Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This "ftdi-elan" module is one half of the "driver" for
ELAN's Uxxx series adapters which are USB to PCMCIA CardBus
adapters. Currently only the U132 adapter is available and
it's module is called "u132-hcd".
When the USB hot plug subsystem detects a Uxxx series adapter
it should load this module.
Upon a successful device probe() the jtag device file interface
is created and the status workqueue started up.
The jtag device file interface exists for the purpose of
updating the firmware in the Uxxx series adapter, but as
yet it had never been used.
The status workqueue initializes the Uxxx and then sits there
polling the Uxxx until a supported PCMCIA CardBus device is
detected it will start the command and respond workqueues
and then load the module that handles the device. This will
initially be only the u132-hcd module. The status workqueue
then just polls the Uxxx looking for card ejects.
The command and respond workqueues implement a command
sequencer for communicating with the firmware on the other
side of the FTDI chip in the Uxxx. This "ftdi-elan" module
exports some functions to interface with the sequencer.
Note that this module is a USB client driver.
Note that the "u132-hcd" module is a (cut-down OHCI)
host controller.
Thus we have a topology with the parent of a host controller
being a USB client! This really stresses the USB subsystem
semaphore/mutex handling in the module removal.
Signed-off-by: Tony Olech <tony.olech@elandigitalsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch adds support for Ontrak ADU USB devices.
Fixed for printk issues by Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Haigh <netwiz@crc.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Making structs const prevents accidental bugs and with the proper debug
options they're protected against corruption.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Fernando N. Capitulino <lcapitulino@mandriva.com.br>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
device_create_file() could fail, add proper error paths for this condition.
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch creates a device class phidget and add the phidget drivers to
them.
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This driver add support for the Phidgets Inc., MotorControl via sysfs. Also
some minor fixes for the InterfaceKit.
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch is support USB20SVGA-WH & USB20SVGA-DG of the sisusb device.
As for this device, Device ID is different according to the color of the
product. A blue device is supported. However, a green, white device is
not supported.
http://www.lubic.jp/uv_method.html ( Japanese only ) .
Green, white USB20SVGA comes to work by applying the patch .
And, it be able to use three USB20SVGA( Blue , Green , White ).
Signed-off-by: Nobuhiro Iwamatsu <hemamu@t-base.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This was pointed out by Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>, as found by the Coverity Checker.
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Cc: Oliver Bock <o.bock@fh-wolfenbuettel.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
In my quest to try and figure out why test 14 (control write) doesn't
work with my EZ-USB board, I noticed that sometimes testusb reported
no error even though the kernel log complained "byte 0 is 0 not 2" etc.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
coverity spotted (id #185) that we still use urb, if the allocation
fails in the error path. This patch fixes this by returning directly.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is a new driver for the Cypress CY7C63xxx mirco controller series.
It currently supports the pre-programmed CYC63001A-PC by AK Modul-Bus
GmbH. It's based on a kernel 2.4 driver (cyport) by Marcus Maul which I
ported to kernel 2.6 using sysfs. I intend to support more controllers
of this family (and more features) as soon as I get hold of the required
IDs etc. Please see the source code's header for more information.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Bock <o.bock@fh-wolfenbuettel.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is a new driver for the Cypress CY7C63xxx mirco controller series.
It currently supports the pre-programmed CYC63001A-PC by AK Modul-Bus
GmbH. It's based on a kernel 2.4 driver (cyport) by Marcus Maul which I
ported to kernel 2.6 using sysfs. I intend to support more controllers
of this family (and more features) as soon as I get hold of the required
IDs etc. Please see the source code's header for more information.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Bock <o.bock@fh-wolfenbuettel.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is a driver to control the brightness of an Apple Cinema Display over
USB. It updates the local brightness value if the user presses a button on
the display.
Signed-off-by: Michael Hanselmann <linux-kernel@hansmi.ch>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as693b) makes the usbtest driver report errors in the
isochronous bulk transfer tests instead of always returning 0. As an
arbitrary cutoff, an error is returned if more than 10% of the packet
transfers fail. It also stops a test immediately upon receiving an URB
submission error.
For a test harness, it's especially important to report when errors occur!
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
ctrl_complete functions acquires ctx->lock and tries to unlink
all queued urbs in case of errors through usb_unlink_urb func.
In its turn usb_unlink_urb calls, through the hcd driver,
usb_hcd_giveback_urb which calls ctrl_complete again. At this
time, ctx->lock is already taken by the same function.
Signed-off-by: Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Make inputs pollable using sysfs_notify and add support for the Phidget
InterfaceKit 0/16/16. Various cleanups.
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Saakes <daniel@saakes.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch contains the following possible cleanups:
- make needlessly global functions static
- function and struct declarations belong into header files
- make SiS_VCLKData const
- #if 0 the following unused global functions:
- sisusb.c: sisusb_writew()
- sisusb.c: sisusb_readw()
- sisusb_init.c: SiSUSB_GetModeID()
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
From: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Convert the semaphores-used-as-mutex to mutexes in the sisusb video driver;
this required manual checking due to the "return as locked" stuff in this
driver, but the ->lock semaphore is still used as mutex in the end.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Winischhofer <winischhofer.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
It's become apparent as machines get faster that the emagic kernel firmware
loaders (based on the ezusb loader) have a reset race. a 400MHz TiBook
never tripped it, but a 2GHz Pentium M seems to hit it about 30% of the
time. The bug is seen as a hung USB box and the kernel error:
drivers/usb/misc/emi62.c: emi62_load_firmware - error loading firmware:
error = -110
The patch below inserts a delay after deasserting reset to allow the box to
settle before a new command is issued. This affects only device startup.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Previously, scatterlist tests didn't write patterned data. Given how many
corner cases are addresed by them, this was a significant gap in Linux-USB
test coverage. Moreover, when peripherals checked for correct data patterns,
false error reports would drown out the true ones.
This adds the pattern on the way OUT from the host, so scatterlist tests can
now be used to uncover bugs like host TX or peripheral RX paths failing for
back-to-back short packets. It's easy enough to get an error there with at
least one of the {DMA,PIO}{RX,TX} code paths, or run into hardware races
that need to be defended against.
Note this patch doesn't add checking for correct data patterns on the way
IN from peripherals, just a FIXME for later.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
the patch below converts a bunch of semaphores-used-as-mutex in the USB
code to mutexes
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
this does two things:
- use kzalloc where appropriate
- correct error return codes in ioctl
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.name>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add device support for a couple more Auerswald TK-devices.
Via Thomas Jackle <dj-tj@gmx.de>, typed in from
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5908.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Remove kmalloc() return value casts that we don't need from
drivers/usb/*
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
patch below marks various USB tables and variables as const so that they
end up in .rodata section and don't cacheline share with things that get
written to. For the non-array variables it also allows gcc to optimize
more.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This lets us remove a lot of code in the drivers that were all checking
the same thing. It also found some bugs in a few of the drivers, which
has been fixed up.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch removes almost all inclusions of linux/version.h. The 3
#defines are unused in most of the touched files.
A few drivers use the simple KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) macro, which is
unfortunatly in linux/version.h.
There are also lots of #ifdef for long obsolete kernels, this was not
touched. In a few places, the linux/version.h include was move to where
the LINUX_VERSION_CODE was used.
quilt vi `find * -type f -name "*.[ch]"|xargs grep -El '(UTS_RELEASE|LINUX_VERSION_CODE|KERNEL_VERSION|linux/version.h)'|grep -Ev '(/(boot|coda|drm)/|~$)'`
search pattern:
/UTS_RELEASE\|LINUX_VERSION_CODE\|KERNEL_VERSION\|linux\/\(utsname\|version\).h
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch uses sg_set_buf/sg_init_one in some places where it was
duplicated.
Signed-off-by: David Hardeman <david@2gen.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
switched to simple_read_from_buffer(), killed broken use of min().
Incidentally, that use of min() had been fixed once, only to be
reintroduced in commit 4244f72436:
[PATCH] USB: upgrade of the idmouse driver
[snip]
- if (count > IMGSIZE - *ppos)
- count = IMGSIZE - *ppos;
+ count = min ((loff_t)count, IMGSIZE - (*ppos));
Note the lovely use of cast to shut the warning about misuse of min()
up...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch (as582) adds a missing transfer_flags setting to the usbtest
driver.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This updates the handling of power state for USB interfaces.
- Formalizes an existing invariant: interface "power state" is a boolean:
ON when I/O is allowed, and FREEZE otherwise. It does so by defining
some inlined helpers, then using them.
- Adds a useful invariant: the only interfaces marked active are those
bound to non-suspended drivers. Later patches build on this invariant.
- Simplifies the interface driver API (and removes some error paths) by
removing the requirement that they record power state changes during
suspend and resume callbacks. Now usbcore does that.
A few drivers were simplified to address that last change.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
drivers/usb/core/hub.c | 33 +++++++++------------
drivers/usb/core/message.c | 1
drivers/usb/core/usb.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
drivers/usb/core/usb.h | 18 +++++++++++
drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c | 2 -
drivers/usb/misc/usbtest.c | 10 ------
drivers/usb/net/pegasus.c | 2 -
drivers/usb/net/usbnet.c | 2 -
8 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)
This patch fixes the long standing schedule with interrupts off problem
of the uss720 driver. The problem is caused by the parport layer calling
the save and restore methods within a write_lock_irqsave guarded region.
The fix is to issue the control transaction requests required by save
and restore asynchronously.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Sailer, <sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
here is a new and extended version of the sisusbvga (previously: sisusb)
driver. The patch is against 2.6.13 and updates the driver to version 0.0.8.
Additions include complete VGA/EGA text console support and a build-in
display mode infrastructure for userland applications that don't know
about the graphics internals.
Fixes include some BE/LE issues and a get/put_dev bug in the previous
version.
Other changes include a change of the module name from "sisusb" to
"sisusbvga". The previous one was too generic IMHO.
Please note that the patch also affects the Makefile in
drivers/video/console as the driver requires the VGA 8x16 font in case
the text console part is selected.
Heavily tested, as usual. Please apply.
One thing though: I already prepared for removal of the "mode" field and
the changed "name" field in the usb_class_driver structure. This will
perhaps need some refinement depending on whether you/Linus merge the
respective core changes before or after 2.6.14.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Winischhofer <thomas@winischhofer.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Fix
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c: In function `ld_usb_read':
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c:467: warning: int format, different type arg (arg 4)
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c: In function `ld_usb_write':
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c:531: warning: int format, different type arg (arg 4)
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c:532: warning: int format, different type arg (arg 5)
drivers/usb/misc/ldusb.c:532: warning: int format, different type arg (arg 6)
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
29 July 2005, Cambridge, MA:
This afternoon Alan Stern submitted a patch to remove the URB_ASYNC_UNLINK
flag from the Linux kernel. Mr. Stern explained, "This flag is a relic
from an earlier, less-well-designed system. For over a year it hasn't
been used for anything other than printing warning messages."
An anonymous spokesman for the Linux kernel development community
commented, "This is exactly the sort of thing we see happening all the
time. As the kernel evolves, support for old techniques and old code can
be jettisoned and replaced by newer, better approaches. Proprietary
operating systems do not have the freedom or flexibility to change so
quickly."
Mr. Stern, a staff member at Harvard University's Rowland Institute who
works on Linux only as a hobby, noted that the patch (labelled as548) did
not update two files, keyspan.c and option.c, in the USB drivers' "serial"
subdirectory. "Those files need more extensive changes," he remarked.
"They examine the status field of several URBs at times when they're not
supposed to. That will need to be fixed before the URB_ASYNC_UNLINK flag
is removed."
Greg Kroah-Hartman, the kernel maintainer responsible for overseeing all
of Linux's USB drivers, did not respond to our inquiries or return our
calls. His only comment was "Applied, thanks."
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This adds type-checking to pm_message_t, so that people can't confuse it
with int or u32. It also allows us to fix "disk yoyo" during suspend (disk
spinning down/up/down).
[We've tried that before; since that cpufreq problems were fixed and I've
tried make allyes config and fixed resulting damage.]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The following driver provides complete interrupt-in and interrupt-out
reports (raw data) to a user program. Until now it uses the
HIDIOCGDEVINFO ioctl call, because I don't know better :-(. Perhaps, it
will be ok for you - and I will be happy, if you assign 8 minor numbers.
I have tested it in several environments and it works very well for me.
However, it has a problem with two or more devices at the same hub, if
the two or more devices need 1 ms interrupt-in transfers. Unfortunately
more than one interrupt-in transfer every ms isn't possible (ehci
driver?). This is why the min_interrupt_in_interval and
min_interrupt_out_interval are increased to 2 ms (see the corresponding
module parameters). This way, I can use two devices simultaneously at
the same hub.
Signed-off-by: Michael Hund <mhund@ld-didactic.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Updates to "usbtest" driver:
* Improve some diagnostics. One path that never generated diagnostics
before should now generate two ... unless you hit a GCC bug that
all my compilers seem to have, go figure.
* Add suspend/resume support, so this behaves when the Linux host
being used for testing suspends.
* Don't test the "zero byte ep0 read" case unless real-world relevance
for the testing is is irrelevant.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Get rid of a bunch of redundant NULL pointer checks in drivers/usb/*,
there's no need to check a pointer for NULL before calling kfree() on it.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Index: gregkh-2.6/drivers/usb/class/audio.c
===================================================================
the attached patch adds another USB device ID to the list. Seems the
device is known under multiple IDs.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Winischhofer <thomas@winischhofer.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
