- Initial page table creation reworked to avoid breaking large block
mappings (huge pages) into smaller ones. The ARM architecture requires
break-before-make in such cases to avoid TLB conflicts but that's not
always possible on live page tables
- Kernel virtual memory layout: the kernel image is no longer linked to
the bottom of the linear mapping (PAGE_OFFSET) but at the bottom of
the vmalloc space, allowing the kernel to be loaded (nearly) anywhere
in physical RAM
- Kernel ASLR: position independent kernel Image and modules being
randomly mapped in the vmalloc space with the randomness is provided
by UEFI (efi_get_random_bytes() patches merged via the arm64 tree,
acked by Matt Fleming)
- Implement relative exception tables for arm64, required by KASLR
(initial code for ARCH_HAS_RELATIVE_EXTABLE added to lib/extable.c but
actual x86 conversion to deferred to 4.7 because of the merge
dependencies)
- Support for the User Access Override feature of ARMv8.2: this allows
uaccess functions (get_user etc.) to be implemented using LDTR/STTR
instructions. Such instructions, when run by the kernel, perform
unprivileged accesses adding an extra level of protection. The
set_fs() macro is used to "upgrade" such instruction to privileged
accesses via the UAO bit
- Half-precision floating point support (part of ARMv8.2)
- Optimisations for CPUs with or without a hardware prefetcher (using
run-time code patching)
- copy_page performance improvement to deal with 128 bytes at a time
- Sanity checks on the CPU capabilities (via CPUID) to prevent
incompatible secondary CPUs from being brought up (e.g. weird
big.LITTLE configurations)
- valid_user_regs() reworked for better sanity check of the sigcontext
information (restored pstate information)
- ACPI parking protocol implementation
- CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA enabled by default
- VDSO code marked as read-only
- DEBUG_PAGEALLOC support
- ARCH_HAS_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL enabled
- Erratum workaround Cavium ThunderX SoC
- set_pte_at() fix for PROT_NONE mappings
- Code clean-ups
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
"Here are the main arm64 updates for 4.6. There are some relatively
intrusive changes to support KASLR, the reworking of the kernel
virtual memory layout and initial page table creation.
Summary:
- Initial page table creation reworked to avoid breaking large block
mappings (huge pages) into smaller ones. The ARM architecture
requires break-before-make in such cases to avoid TLB conflicts but
that's not always possible on live page tables
- Kernel virtual memory layout: the kernel image is no longer linked
to the bottom of the linear mapping (PAGE_OFFSET) but at the bottom
of the vmalloc space, allowing the kernel to be loaded (nearly)
anywhere in physical RAM
- Kernel ASLR: position independent kernel Image and modules being
randomly mapped in the vmalloc space with the randomness is
provided by UEFI (efi_get_random_bytes() patches merged via the
arm64 tree, acked by Matt Fleming)
- Implement relative exception tables for arm64, required by KASLR
(initial code for ARCH_HAS_RELATIVE_EXTABLE added to lib/extable.c
but actual x86 conversion to deferred to 4.7 because of the merge
dependencies)
- Support for the User Access Override feature of ARMv8.2: this
allows uaccess functions (get_user etc.) to be implemented using
LDTR/STTR instructions. Such instructions, when run by the kernel,
perform unprivileged accesses adding an extra level of protection.
The set_fs() macro is used to "upgrade" such instruction to
privileged accesses via the UAO bit
- Half-precision floating point support (part of ARMv8.2)
- Optimisations for CPUs with or without a hardware prefetcher (using
run-time code patching)
- copy_page performance improvement to deal with 128 bytes at a time
- Sanity checks on the CPU capabilities (via CPUID) to prevent
incompatible secondary CPUs from being brought up (e.g. weird
big.LITTLE configurations)
- valid_user_regs() reworked for better sanity check of the
sigcontext information (restored pstate information)
- ACPI parking protocol implementation
- CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA enabled by default
- VDSO code marked as read-only
- DEBUG_PAGEALLOC support
- ARCH_HAS_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL enabled
- Erratum workaround Cavium ThunderX SoC
- set_pte_at() fix for PROT_NONE mappings
- Code clean-ups"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (99 commits)
arm64: kasan: Fix zero shadow mapping overriding kernel image shadow
arm64: kasan: Use actual memory node when populating the kernel image shadow
arm64: Update PTE_RDONLY in set_pte_at() for PROT_NONE permission
arm64: Fix misspellings in comments.
arm64: efi: add missing frame pointer assignment
arm64: make mrs_s prefixing implicit in read_cpuid
arm64: enable CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA by default
arm64: Rework valid_user_regs
arm64: mm: check at build time that PAGE_OFFSET divides the VA space evenly
arm64: KVM: Move kvm_call_hyp back to its original localtion
arm64: mm: treat memstart_addr as a signed quantity
arm64: mm: list kernel sections in order
arm64: lse: deal with clobbered IP registers after branch via PLT
arm64: mm: dump: Use VA_START directly instead of private LOWEST_ADDR
arm64: kconfig: add submenu for 8.2 architectural features
arm64: kernel: acpi: fix ioremap in ACPI parking protocol cpu_postboot
arm64: Add support for Half precision floating point
arm64: Remove fixmap include fragility
arm64: Add workaround for Cavium erratum 27456
arm64: mm: Mark .rodata as RO
...
This wires up the existing generic huge-vmap feature, which allows
ioremap() to use PMD or PUD sized block mappings. It also adds support
to the unmap path for dealing with block mappings, which will allow us
to unmap the __init region using unmap_kernel_range() in a subsequent
patch.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Commit 669f6f96c6 introduced
the script list-arch.sh, which uses the command "arch":
ARCH=${1:-$(arch | sed 's/x86_64/x86/' | sed 's/i386/x86/')}
It turns out that the "arch" command does not exist in my system (arch
distro). Google found man pages which say "arch is deprecated command since
release util-linux 2.13. Use uname -m" (util-linux 2.13 was released in 2007).
I also found a debian bug reporting the lack of arch and being told to use
uname -m https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=446023
But then, why it works in some distros? Apparently coreutils gained an
optional arch command that needs to be explicitly enabled during compilation.
Some distros enable it, others don't. Sigh.
Signed-off-by: Diego Calleja <diegocg@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Move the generic implementation to <linux/dma-mapping.h> now that all
architectures support it and remove the HAVE_DMA_ATTR Kconfig symbol now
that everyone supports them.
[valentinrothberg@gmail.com: remove leftovers in Kconfig]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Koichi Yasutake <yasutake.koichi@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Steven Miao <realmz6@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Rothberg <valentinrothberg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull UML updates from Richard Weinberger:
"This contains beside of random fixes/cleanups two bigger changes:
- seccomp support by Mickaël Salaün
- IRQ rework by Anton Ivanov"
* 'for-linus-4.5-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rw/uml:
um: Use race-free temporary file creation
um: Do not set unsecure permission for temporary file
um: Fix build error and kconfig for i386
um: Add seccomp support
um: Add full asm/syscall.h support
selftests/seccomp: Remove the need for HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK
um: Fix ptrace GETREGS/SETREGS bugs
um: link with -lpthread
um: Update UBD to use pread/pwrite family of functions
um: Do not change hard IRQ flags in soft IRQ processing
um: Prevent IRQ handler reentrancy
uml: flush stdout before forking
uml: fix hostfs mknod()
This brings SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT and SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER support through
prctl(2) and seccomp(2) to User-mode Linux for i386 and x86_64
subarchitectures.
secure_computing() is called first in handle_syscall() so that the
syscall emulation will be aborted quickly if matching a seccomp rule.
This is inspired from Meredydd Luff's patch
(https://gerrit.chromium.org/gerrit/21425).
Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Meredydd Luff <meredydd@senatehouse.org>
Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
arm64 relies on the arm_arch_timer for sched_clock, so we can select
HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING and have the core sched-clock code enable the
feature at runtime based on the rate.
Reported-by: Mario Smarduch <m.smarduch@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
- "genirq: Introduce generic irq migration for cpu hotunplugged" patch
merged from tip/irq/for-arm to allow the arm64-specific part to be
upstreamed via the arm64 tree
- CPU feature detection reworked to cope with heterogeneous systems
where CPUs may not have exactly the same features. The features
reported by the kernel via internal data structures or ELF_HWCAP are
delayed until all the CPUs are up (and before user space starts)
- Support for 16KB pages, with the additional bonus of a 36-bit VA
space, though the latter only depending on EXPERT
- Implement native {relaxed, acquire, release} atomics for arm64
- New ASID allocation algorithm which avoids IPI on roll-over, together
with TLB invalidation optimisations (using local vs global where
feasible)
- KASan support for arm64
- EFI_STUB clean-up and isolation for the kernel proper (required by
KASan)
- copy_{to,from,in}_user optimisations (sharing the memcpy template)
- perf: moving arm64 to the arm32/64 shared PMU framework
- L1_CACHE_BYTES increased to 128 to accommodate Cavium hardware
- Support for the contiguous PTE hint on kernel mapping (16 consecutive
entries may be able to use a single TLB entry)
- Generic CONFIG_HZ now used on arm64
- defconfig updates
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
- "genirq: Introduce generic irq migration for cpu hotunplugged" patch
merged from tip/irq/for-arm to allow the arm64-specific part to be
upstreamed via the arm64 tree
- CPU feature detection reworked to cope with heterogeneous systems
where CPUs may not have exactly the same features. The features
reported by the kernel via internal data structures or ELF_HWCAP are
delayed until all the CPUs are up (and before user space starts)
- Support for 16KB pages, with the additional bonus of a 36-bit VA
space, though the latter only depending on EXPERT
- Implement native {relaxed, acquire, release} atomics for arm64
- New ASID allocation algorithm which avoids IPI on roll-over, together
with TLB invalidation optimisations (using local vs global where
feasible)
- KASan support for arm64
- EFI_STUB clean-up and isolation for the kernel proper (required by
KASan)
- copy_{to,from,in}_user optimisations (sharing the memcpy template)
- perf: moving arm64 to the arm32/64 shared PMU framework
- L1_CACHE_BYTES increased to 128 to accommodate Cavium hardware
- Support for the contiguous PTE hint on kernel mapping (16 consecutive
entries may be able to use a single TLB entry)
- Generic CONFIG_HZ now used on arm64
- defconfig updates
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (91 commits)
arm64/efi: fix libstub build under CONFIG_MODVERSIONS
ARM64: Enable multi-core scheduler support by default
arm64/efi: move arm64 specific stub C code to libstub
arm64: page-align sections for DEBUG_RODATA
arm64: Fix build with CONFIG_ZONE_DMA=n
arm64: Fix compat register mappings
arm64: Increase the max granular size
arm64: remove bogus TASK_SIZE_64 check
arm64: make Timer Interrupt Frequency selectable
arm64/mm: use PAGE_ALIGNED instead of IS_ALIGNED
arm64: cachetype: fix definitions of ICACHEF_* flags
arm64: cpufeature: declare enable_cpu_capabilities as static
genirq: Make the cpuhotplug migration code less noisy
arm64: Constify hwcap name string arrays
arm64/kvm: Make use of the system wide safe values
arm64/debug: Make use of the system wide safe value
arm64: Move FP/ASIMD hwcap handling to common code
arm64/HWCAP: Use system wide safe values
arm64/capabilities: Make use of system wide safe value
arm64: Delay cpu feature capability checks
...
Just a couple of changes for v4.3-rc1. A preparatory IRQ patch to
prepare for moving irq_data struct members, and a tweak to
Documentation/features since Meta2 could support THP.
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Merge tag 'metag-for-v4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag
Pull metag updates from James Hogan:
"Metag architecture changes for v4.3.
Just a couple of changes for v4.3-rc1. A preparatory IRQ patch to
prepare for moving irq_data struct members, and a tweak to
Documentation/features since Meta2 could support THP"
* tag 'metag-for-v4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag:
Documentation/features/vm: Meta2 is capable of THP
metag/irq: Use access helper irq_data_get_affinity_mask()
Change metag Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support from .. to TODO. Meta2
has variable sized pages, between 4KB and 4MB, specified at the 1st
level page table level, and already supports hugetlbfs, so supporting
THP is theoretically possible too.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: linux-metag@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Pull tile updates from Chris Metcalf:
"This includes secure computing support as well as miscellaneous minor
improvements"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile:
tile: correct some typos in opcode type names
tile/vdso: emit a GNU hash as well
tile: Remove finish_arch_switch
tile: enable full SECCOMP support
tile/time: Migrate to new 'set-state' interface
The previous patches added arch support matrices for more than 40 generic kernel features
that need per architecture support.
The structure of the feature descriptions is the following:
Each feature has its own directory under Documentation/features/subsystem_name/feature_name/,
and the arch-support.txt file shows its current arch porting status.
For example, lockdep support is shown the following way:
triton:~/tip> cat Documentation/features/locking/lockdep/arch-support.txt
#
# Feature name: lockdep
# Kconfig: LOCKDEP_SUPPORT
# description: arch supports the runtime locking correctness debug facility
#
-----------------------
| arch |status|
-----------------------
| alpha: | TODO |
| arc: | ok |
| arm: | ok |
| arm64: | ok |
| avr32: | ok |
| blackfin: | ok |
| c6x: | TODO |
| cris: | TODO |
| frv: | TODO |
| h8300: | TODO |
| hexagon: | ok |
| ia64: | TODO |
| m32r: | TODO |
| m68k: | TODO |
| metag: | ok |
| microblaze: | ok |
| mips: | ok |
| mn10300: | TODO |
| nios2: | TODO |
| openrisc: | TODO |
| parisc: | TODO |
| powerpc: | ok |
| s390: | ok |
| score: | ok |
| sh: | ok |
| sparc: | ok |
| tile: | ok |
| um: | ok |
| unicore32: | ok |
| x86: | ok |
| xtensa: | ok |
-----------------------
For generic kernel features that need architecture support, the
arch-support.txt file in each feature directory shows the arch
support matrix, for all upstream Linux architectures.
The meaning of entries in the tables is:
| ok | # feature supported by the architecture
|TODO| # feature not yet supported by the architecture
| .. | # feature cannot be supported by the hardware
This directory structure can be used in the future to add other
files - such as porting guides, testing description, etc.
The Documentation/features/ hierarchy may also include generic
kernel features that works on every architecture, in that case
the arch-support.txt file will list every architecture as
supported.
To list an architecture's unsupported features, just do something
like:
triton:~/tip> git grep -lE 'x86.*TODO' Documentation/features/*/*/arch-support.txt
Documentation/features/lib/strncasecmp/arch-support.txt
Documentation/features/time/arch-tick-broadcast/arch-support.txt
which will print the list of not yet supported features.
The Documentation/features/list-arch.sh script will print the current
support matrix of one architecture:
triton:~/tip> Documentation/features/list-arch.sh
#
# Kernel feature support matrix of the 'x86' architecture:
#
core/ BPF-JIT : ok | HAVE_BPF_JIT # arch supports BPF JIT optimizations
core/ generic-idle-thread : ok | GENERIC_SMP_IDLE_THREAD # arch makes use of the generic SMP idle thread facility
core/ jump-labels : ok | HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL # arch supports live patched, high efficiency branches
core/ tracehook : ok | HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK # arch supports tracehook (ptrace) register handling APIs
debug/ gcov-profile-all : ok | ARCH_HAS_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL # arch supports whole-kernel GCOV code coverage profiling
debug/ KASAN : ok | HAVE_ARCH_KASAN # arch supports the KASAN runtime memory checker
debug/ kgdb : ok | HAVE_ARCH_KGDB # arch supports the kGDB kernel debugger
debug/ kprobes : ok | HAVE_KPROBES # arch supports live patched kernel probe
debug/ kprobes-on-ftrace : ok | HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE # arch supports combined kprobes and ftrace live patching
debug/ kretprobes : ok | HAVE_KRETPROBES # arch supports kernel function-return probes
debug/ optprobes : ok | HAVE_OPTPROBES # arch supports live patched optprobes
debug/ stackprotector : ok | HAVE_CC_STACKPROTECTOR # arch supports compiler driven stack overflow protection
debug/ uprobes : ok | ARCH_SUPPORTS_UPROBES # arch supports live patched user probes
debug/ user-ret-profiler : ok | HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER # arch supports user-space return from system call profiler
io/ dma-api-debug : ok | HAVE_DMA_API_DEBUG # arch supports DMA debug facilities
io/ dma-contiguous : ok | HAVE_DMA_CONTIGUOUS # arch supports the DMA CMA (continuous memory allocator)
io/ dma_map_attrs : ok | HAVE_DMA_ATTRS # arch provides dma_*map*_attrs() APIs
io/ sg-chain : ok | ARCH_HAS_SG_CHAIN # arch supports chained scatter-gather lists
lib/ strncasecmp : TODO | __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCASECMP # arch provides an optimized strncasecmp() function
locking/ cmpxchg-local : ok | HAVE_CMPXCHG_LOCAL # arch supports the this_cpu_cmpxchg() API
locking/ lockdep : ok | LOCKDEP_SUPPORT # arch supports the runtime locking correctness debug facility
locking/ queued-rwlocks : ok | ARCH_USE_QUEUED_RWLOCKS # arch supports queued rwlocks
locking/ queued-spinlocks : ok | ARCH_USE_QUEUED_SPINLOCKS # arch supports queued spinlocks
locking/ rwsem-optimized : ok | Optimized asm/rwsem.h # arch provides optimized rwsem APIs
perf/ kprobes-event : ok | HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API # arch supports kprobes with perf events
perf/ perf-regs : ok | HAVE_PERF_REGS # arch supports perf events register access
perf/ perf-stackdump : ok | HAVE_PERF_USER_STACK_DUMP # arch supports perf events stack dumps
sched/ numa-balancing : ok | ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING # arch supports NUMA balancing
seccomp/ seccomp-filter : ok | HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER # arch supports seccomp filters
time/ arch-tick-broadcast : TODO | ARCH_HAS_TICK_BROADCAST # arch provides tick_broadcast()
time/ clockevents : ok | GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS # arch support generic clock events
time/ context-tracking : ok | HAVE_CONTEXT_TRACKING # arch supports context tracking for NO_HZ_FULL
time/ irq-time-acct : ok | HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING # arch supports precise IRQ time accounting
time/ modern-timekeeping : ok | !ARCH_USES_GETTIMEOFFSET # arch does not use arch_gettimeoffset() anymore
time/ virt-cpuacct : ok | HAVE_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING # arch supports precise virtual CPU time accounting
vm/ ELF-ASLR : ok | ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE # arch randomizes the stack, heap and binary images of ELF binaries
vm/ huge-vmap : ok | HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP # arch supports the ioremap_pud_enabled() and ioremap_pmd_enabled() VM APIs
vm/ ioremap_prot : ok | HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT # arch has ioremap_prot()
vm/ numa-memblock : ok | HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP # arch supports NUMA aware memblocks
vm/ PG_uncached : ok | ARCH_USES_PG_UNCACHED # arch supports the PG_uncached page flag
vm/ pmdp_splitting_flush : ok | __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_SPLITTING_FLUSH # arch supports the pmdp_splitting_flush() VM API
vm/ pte_special : ok | __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL # arch supports the pte_special()/pte_mkspecial() VM APIs
vm/ THP : ok | HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE # arch supports transparent hugepages
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
