In the below two commits (see Fixes) we have periodic timers that can
stop themselves when they're no longer required, but need to be
(re)-started when their idle condition changes.
Further complications is that we want the timer handler to always do
the forward such that it will always correctly deal with the overruns,
and we do not want to race such that the handler has already decided
to stop, but the (external) restart sees the timer still active and we
end up with a 'lost' timer.
The problem with the current code is that the re-start can come before
the callback does the forward, at which point the forward from the
callback will WARN about forwarding an enqueued timer.
Now, conceptually its easy to detect if you're before or after the fwd
by comparing the expiration time against the current time. Of course,
that's expensive (and racy) because we don't have the current time.
Alternatively one could cache this state inside the timer, but then
everybody pays the overhead of maintaining this extra state, and that
is undesired.
The only other option that I could see is the external timer_active
variable, which I tried to kill before. I would love a nicer interface
for this seemingly simple 'problem' but alas.
Fixes: 272325c482 ("perf: Fix mux_interval hrtimer wreckage")
Fixes: 77a4d1a1b9 ("sched: Cleanup bandwidth timers")
Cc: pjt@google.com
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: klamm@yandex-team.ru
Cc: mingo@kernel.org
Cc: bsegall@google.com
Cc: hpa@zytor.com
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150514102311.GX21418@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net
ACCESS_ONCE doesn't work reliably on non-scalar types. This patch removes
the rest of the existing usages of ACCESS_ONCE() in the scheduler, and use
the new READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() APIs as appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430251224-5764-2-git-send-email-jason.low2@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Roman reported a 3 cpu lockup scenario involving __start_cfs_bandwidth().
The more I look at that code the more I'm convinced its crack, that
entire __start_cfs_bandwidth() thing is brain melting, we don't need to
cancel a timer before starting it, *hrtimer_start*() will happily remove
the timer for you if its still enqueued.
Removing that, removes a big part of the problem, no more ugly cancel
loop to get stuck in.
So now, if I understand things right, the entire reason you have this
cfs_b->lock guarded ->timer_active nonsense is to make sure we don't
accidentally lose the timer.
It appears to me that it should be possible to guarantee that same by
unconditionally (re)starting the timer when !queued. Because regardless
what hrtimer::function will return, if we beat it to (re)enqueue the
timer, it doesn't matter.
Now, because hrtimers don't come with any serialization guarantees we
must ensure both handler and (re)start loop serialize their access to
the hrtimer to avoid both trying to forward the timer at the same
time.
Update the rt bandwidth timer to match.
This effectively reverts: 09dc4ab039 ("sched/fair: Fix
tg_set_cfs_bandwidth() deadlock on rq->lock").
Reported-by: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150415095011.804589208@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Obviously, 'rq' is not used in these two functions, therefore,
there is no reason for it to be passed as an argument.
Signed-off-by: Abel Vesa <abelvesa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1425383427-26244-1-git-send-email-abelvesa@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When debugging the latencies on a 40 core box, where we hit 300 to
500 microsecond latencies, I found there was a huge contention on the
runqueue locks.
Investigating it further, running ftrace, I found that it was due to
the pulling of RT tasks.
The test that was run was the following:
cyclictest --numa -p95 -m -d0 -i100
This created a thread on each CPU, that would set its wakeup in iterations
of 100 microseconds. The -d0 means that all the threads had the same
interval (100us). Each thread sleeps for 100us and wakes up and measures
its latencies.
cyclictest is maintained at:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clrkwllms/rt-tests.git
What happened was another RT task would be scheduled on one of the CPUs
that was running our test, when the other CPU tests went to sleep and
scheduled idle. This caused the "pull" operation to execute on all
these CPUs. Each one of these saw the RT task that was overloaded on
the CPU of the test that was still running, and each one tried
to grab that task in a thundering herd way.
To grab the task, each thread would do a double rq lock grab, grabbing
its own lock as well as the rq of the overloaded CPU. As the sched
domains on this box was rather flat for its size, I saw up to 12 CPUs
block on this lock at once. This caused a ripple affect with the
rq locks especially since the taking was done via a double rq lock, which
means that several of the CPUs had their own rq locks held while trying
to take this rq lock. As these locks were blocked, any wakeups or load
balanceing on these CPUs would also block on these locks, and the wait
time escalated.
I've tried various methods to lessen the load, but things like an
atomic counter to only let one CPU grab the task wont work, because
the task may have a limited affinity, and we may pick the wrong
CPU to take that lock and do the pull, to only find out that the
CPU we picked isn't in the task's affinity.
Instead of doing the PULL, I now have the CPUs that want the pull to
send over an IPI to the overloaded CPU, and let that CPU pick what
CPU to push the task to. No more need to grab the rq lock, and the
push/pull algorithm still works fine.
With this patch, the latency dropped to just 150us over a 20 hour run.
Without the patch, the huge latencies would trigger in seconds.
I've created a new sched feature called RT_PUSH_IPI, which is enabled
by default.
When RT_PUSH_IPI is not enabled, the old method of grabbing the rq locks
and having the pulling CPU do the work is implemented. When RT_PUSH_IPI
is enabled, the IPI is sent to the overloaded CPU to do a push.
To enabled or disable this at run time:
# mount -t debugfs nodev /sys/kernel/debug
# echo RT_PUSH_IPI > /sys/kernel/debug/sched_features
or
# echo NO_RT_PUSH_IPI > /sys/kernel/debug/sched_features
Update: This original patch would send an IPI to all CPUs in the RT overload
list. But that could theoretically cause the reverse issue. That is, there
could be lots of overloaded RT queues and one CPU lowers its priority. It would
then send an IPI to all the overloaded RT queues and they could then all try
to grab the rq lock of the CPU lowering its priority, and then we have the
same problem.
The latest design sends out only one IPI to the first overloaded CPU. It tries to
push any tasks that it can, and then looks for the next overloaded CPU that can
push to the source CPU. The IPIs stop when all overloaded CPUs that have pushable
tasks that have priorities greater than the source CPU are covered. In case the
source CPU lowers its priority again, a flag is set to tell the IPI traversal to
restart with the first RT overloaded CPU after the source CPU.
Parts-suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150318144946.2f3cc982@gandalf.local.home
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch adds checks that prevens futile attempts to move rt tasks
to a CPU with active tasks of equal or higher priority.
This reduces run queue lock contention and improves the performance of
a well known OLTP benchmark by 0.7%.
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Shawn Bohrer <sbohrer@rgmadvisors.com>
Cc: Suruchi Kadu <suruchi.a.kadu@intel.com>
Cc: Doug Nelson<doug.nelson@intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421430374.2399.27.camel@schen9-desk2.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The original purpose of rq::skip_clock_update was to avoid 'costly' clock
updates for back to back wakeup-preempt pairs. The big problem with it
has always been that the rq variable is unaware of the context and
causes indiscrimiate clock skips.
Rework the entire thing and create a sense of context by only allowing
schedule() to skip clock updates. (XXX can we measure the cost of the
added store?)
By ensuring only schedule can ever skip an update, we guarantee we're
never more than 1 tick behind on the update.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150105103554.432381549@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Move the p->nr_cpus_allowed check into kernel/sched/core.c: select_task_rq().
This change will make fair.c, rt.c, and deadline.c all start with the
same logic.
Suggested-and-Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "pang.xunlei" <pang.xunlei@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415150077-59053-1-git-send-email-wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit d670ec1317 "posix-cpu-timers: Cure SMP wobbles" fixes one glibc
test case in cost of breaking another one. After that commit, calling
clock_nanosleep(TIMER_ABSTIME, X) and then clock_gettime(&Y) can result
of Y time being smaller than X time.
Reproducer/tester can be found further below, it can be compiled and ran by:
gcc -o tst-cpuclock2 tst-cpuclock2.c -pthread
while ./tst-cpuclock2 ; do : ; done
This reproducer, when running on a buggy kernel, will complain
about "clock_gettime difference too small".
Issue happens because on start in thread_group_cputimer() we initialize
sum_exec_runtime of cputimer with threads runtime not yet accounted and
then add the threads runtime to running cputimer again on scheduler
tick, making it's sum_exec_runtime bigger than actual threads runtime.
KOSAKI Motohiro posted a fix for this problem, but that patch was never
applied: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/26/191 .
This patch takes different approach to cure the problem. It calls
update_curr() when cputimer starts, that assure we will have updated
stats of running threads and on the next schedule tick we will account
only the runtime that elapsed from cputimer start. That also assure we
have consistent state between cpu times of individual threads and cpu
time of the process consisted by those threads.
Full reproducer (tst-cpuclock2.c):
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
/* Parameters for the Linux kernel ABI for CPU clocks. */
#define CPUCLOCK_SCHED 2
#define MAKE_PROCESS_CPUCLOCK(pid, clock) \
((~(clockid_t) (pid) << 3) | (clockid_t) (clock))
static pthread_barrier_t barrier;
/* Help advance the clock. */
static void *chew_cpu(void *arg)
{
pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
while (1) ;
return NULL;
}
/* Don't use the glibc wrapper. */
static int do_nanosleep(int flags, const struct timespec *req)
{
clockid_t clock_id = MAKE_PROCESS_CPUCLOCK(0, CPUCLOCK_SCHED);
return syscall(SYS_clock_nanosleep, clock_id, flags, req, NULL);
}
static int64_t tsdiff(const struct timespec *before, const struct timespec *after)
{
int64_t before_i = before->tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + before->tv_nsec;
int64_t after_i = after->tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + after->tv_nsec;
return after_i - before_i;
}
int main(void)
{
int result = 0;
pthread_t th;
pthread_barrier_init(&barrier, NULL, 2);
if (pthread_create(&th, NULL, chew_cpu, NULL) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create");
return 1;
}
pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
/* The test. */
struct timespec before, after, sleeptimeabs;
int64_t sleepdiff, diffabs;
const struct timespec sleeptime = {.tv_sec = 0,.tv_nsec = 100000000 };
/* The relative nanosleep. Not sure why this is needed, but its presence
seems to make it easier to reproduce the problem. */
if (do_nanosleep(0, &sleeptime) != 0) {
perror("clock_nanosleep");
return 1;
}
/* Get the current time. */
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &before) < 0) {
perror("clock_gettime[2]");
return 1;
}
/* Compute the absolute sleep time based on the current time. */
uint64_t nsec = before.tv_nsec + sleeptime.tv_nsec;
sleeptimeabs.tv_sec = before.tv_sec + nsec / 1000000000;
sleeptimeabs.tv_nsec = nsec % 1000000000;
/* Sleep for the computed time. */
if (do_nanosleep(TIMER_ABSTIME, &sleeptimeabs) != 0) {
perror("absolute clock_nanosleep");
return 1;
}
/* Get the time after the sleep. */
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &after) < 0) {
perror("clock_gettime[3]");
return 1;
}
/* The time after sleep should always be equal to or after the absolute sleep
time passed to clock_nanosleep. */
sleepdiff = tsdiff(&sleeptimeabs, &after);
if (sleepdiff < 0) {
printf("absolute clock_nanosleep woke too early: %" PRId64 "\n", sleepdiff);
result = 1;
printf("Before %llu.%09llu\n", before.tv_sec, before.tv_nsec);
printf("After %llu.%09llu\n", after.tv_sec, after.tv_nsec);
printf("Sleep %llu.%09llu\n", sleeptimeabs.tv_sec, sleeptimeabs.tv_nsec);
}
/* The difference between the timestamps taken before and after the
clock_nanosleep call should be equal to or more than the duration of the
sleep. */
diffabs = tsdiff(&before, &after);
if (diffabs < sleeptime.tv_nsec) {
printf("clock_gettime difference too small: %" PRId64 "\n", diffabs);
result = 1;
}
pthread_cancel(th);
return result;
}
Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141112155843.GA24803@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch checks if current can be pushed/pulled somewhere else
in advance to make logic clear, the same behavior as dl class.
- If current can't be migrated, useless to reschedule, let's hope
task can move out.
- If task is migratable, so let's not schedule it and see if it
can be pushed or pulled somewhere else.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@arm.com>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414708776-124078-1-git-send-email-wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull percpu consistent-ops changes from Tejun Heo:
"Way back, before the current percpu allocator was implemented, static
and dynamic percpu memory areas were allocated and handled separately
and had their own accessors. The distinction has been gone for many
years now; however, the now duplicate two sets of accessors remained
with the pointer based ones - this_cpu_*() - evolving various other
operations over time. During the process, we also accumulated other
inconsistent operations.
This pull request contains Christoph's patches to clean up the
duplicate accessor situation. __get_cpu_var() uses are replaced with
with this_cpu_ptr() and __this_cpu_ptr() with raw_cpu_ptr().
Unfortunately, the former sometimes is tricky thanks to C being a bit
messy with the distinction between lvalues and pointers, which led to
a rather ugly solution for cpumask_var_t involving the introduction of
this_cpu_cpumask_var_ptr().
This converts most of the uses but not all. Christoph will follow up
with the remaining conversions in this merge window and hopefully
remove the obsolete accessors"
* 'for-3.18-consistent-ops' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (38 commits)
irqchip: Properly fetch the per cpu offset
percpu: Resolve ambiguities in __get_cpu_var/cpumask_var_t -fix
ia64: sn_nodepda cannot be assigned to after this_cpu conversion. Use __this_cpu_write.
percpu: Resolve ambiguities in __get_cpu_var/cpumask_var_t
Revert "powerpc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses"
percpu: Remove __this_cpu_ptr
clocksource: Replace __this_cpu_ptr with raw_cpu_ptr
sparc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
avr32: Replace __get_cpu_var with __this_cpu_write
blackfin: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
tile: Use this_cpu_ptr() for hardware counters
tile: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
powerpc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
alpha: Replace __get_cpu_var
ia64: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
s390: cio driver &__get_cpu_var replacements
s390: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
mips: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
MIPS: Replace __get_cpu_var uses in FPU emulator.
arm: Replace __this_cpu_ptr with raw_cpu_ptr
...
Some time ago PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED was implemented,
so reschedule technics is a little more difficult now.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140922183642.11015.66039.stgit@localhost
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
__get_cpu_var can paper over differences in the definitions of
cpumask_var_t and either use the address of the cpumask variable
directly or perform a fetch of the address of the struct cpumask
allocated elsewhere. This is important particularly when using per cpu
cpumask_var_t declarations because in one case we have an offset into
a per cpu area to handle and in the other case we need to fetch a
pointer from the offset.
This patch introduces a new macro
this_cpu_cpumask_var_ptr()
that is defined where cpumask_var_t is defined and performs the proper
actions. All use cases where __get_cpu_var is used with cpumask_var_t
are converted to the use of this_cpu_cpumask_var_ptr().
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Implement task_on_rq_queued() and use it everywhere instead of
on_rq check. No functional changes.
The only exception is we do not use the wrapper in
check_for_tasks(), because it requires to export
task_on_rq_queued() in global header files. Next patch in series
would return it back, so we do not twist it from here to there.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1408528052.23412.87.camel@tkhai
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We always use resched_task() with rq->curr argument.
It's not possible to reschedule any task but rq's current.
The patch introduces resched_curr(struct rq *) to
replace all of the repeating patterns. The main aim
is cleanup, but there is a little size profit too:
(before)
$ size kernel/sched/built-in.o
text data bss dec hex filename
155274 16445 7042 178761 2ba49 kernel/sched/built-in.o
$ size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
7411490 1178376 991232 9581098 92322a vmlinux
(after)
$ size kernel/sched/built-in.o
text data bss dec hex filename
155130 16445 7042 178617 2b9b9 kernel/sched/built-in.o
$ size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
7411362 1178376 991232 9580970 9231aa vmlinux
I was choosing between resched_curr() and resched_rq(),
and the first name looks better for me.
A little lie in Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt. I have not
actually collected the tracing again. With a hope the patch
won't make execution times much worse :)
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140628200219.1778.18735.stgit@localhost
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Make rt_rq available for pick_next_task(). Otherwise, their tasks
stay prisoned long time till dead cpu becomes alive again.
Reviewed-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
CC: Konstantin Khorenko <khorenko@parallels.com>
CC: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
CC: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
CC: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1403684388.3462.43.camel@tkhai
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull more scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Second round of scheduler changes:
- try-to-wakeup and IPI reduction speedups, from Andy Lutomirski
- continued power scheduling cleanups and refactorings, from Nicolas
Pitre
- misc fixes and enhancements"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/deadline: Delete extraneous extern for to_ratio()
sched/idle: Optimize try-to-wake-up IPI
sched/idle: Simplify wake_up_idle_cpu()
sched/idle: Clear polling before descheduling the idle thread
sched, trace: Add a tracepoint for IPI-less remote wakeups
cpuidle: Set polling in poll_idle
sched: Remove redundant assignment to "rt_rq" in update_curr_rt(...)
sched: Rename capacity related flags
sched: Final power vs. capacity cleanups
sched: Remove remaining dubious usage of "power"
sched: Let 'struct sched_group_power' care about CPU capacity
sched/fair: Disambiguate existing/remaining "capacity" usage
sched/fair: Change "has_capacity" to "has_free_capacity"
sched/fair: Remove "power" from 'struct numa_stats'
sched: Fix signedness bug in yield_to()
sched/fair: Use time_after() in record_wakee()
sched/balancing: Reduce the rate of needless idle load balancing
sched/fair: Fix unlocked reads of some cfs_b->quota/period
Variable "rt_rq" is used only in block "for_each_sched_rt_entity" so the
value assigned to it at the beginning of the update_curr_rt(...) gets
overwritten without ever being read. Remove redundant assignment and
move variable declaration to the block in which it is being used.
Signed-off-by: Giedrius Rekasius <giedrius.rekasius@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: kernel-janitors@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1401027811-30066-1-git-send-email-giedrius.rekasius@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Two of the three prink_deferred uses are really printk_once style
uses, so add a printk_deferred_once macro to simplify those call
sites.
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Bohac <jbohac@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After learning we'll need some sort of deferred printk functionality in
the timekeeping core, Peter suggested we rename the printk_sched function
so it can be reused by needed subsystems.
This only changes the function name. No logic changes.
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Bohac <jbohac@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sometimes ->nr_running may cross 2 but interrupt is not being
sent to rq's cpu. In this case we don't reenable the timer.
Looks like this may be the reason for rare unexpected effects,
if nohz is enabled.
Patch replaces all places of direct changing of nr_running
and makes add_nr_running() caring about crossing border.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140508225830.2469.97461.stgit@localhost
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This reverts commit 4c6c4e38c4 ("sched/core: Fix endless loop in
pick_next_task()"), which is not necessary after ("sched/rt: Substract number
of tasks of throttled queues from rq->nr_running").
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[conflict resolution with stop task checking patch]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1394835307.18748.34.camel@HP-250-G1-Notebook-PC
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Now rq->rt becomes to be able to be in dequeued or enqueued state.
We add new member rt_rq->rt_queued, which is used to indicate this.
The member is used only for top queue rq->rt_rq.
The goal is to fit generic scheme which is used in deadline and
fair classes, i.e. throttled rt_rq's rt_nr_running is beeing
substracted from rq->nr_running.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1394835300.18748.33.camel@HP-250-G1-Notebook-PC
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
{inc,dec}_rt_tasks() used to count entities which are directly queued
on the rt_rq. If an entity was not a task (i.e., it is some queue), its
children were not counted.
There is no problem here, but now we want to count number of all tasks
which are actually queued under the rt_rq in all the hierarchy (except
throttled rt queues).
Empty queues are not able to be queued and all of the places, which
use ->rt_nr_running, just compare it with zero, so we do not break
anything here.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1394835289.18748.31.camel@HP-250-G1-Notebook-PC
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Twiddled the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Just switched pinned task is not able to be pushed. If the rq had had
several RT tasks before they have already been considered as candidates
to be pushed (or pulled).
Signed-off-by: Kirill V Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140312061833.3a43aa64@gandalf.local.home
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We need to do it like we do for the other higher priority classes..
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Cc: Michael wang <wangyun@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/336561397137116@web27h.yandex.ru
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
1) Single cpu machine case.
When rq has only RT tasks, but no one of them can be picked
because of throttling, we enter in endless loop.
pick_next_task_{dl,rt} return NULL.
In pick_next_task_fair() we permanently go to retry
if (rq->nr_running != rq->cfs.h_nr_running)
return RETRY_TASK;
(rq->nr_running is not being decremented when rt_rq becomes
throttled).
No chances to unthrottle any rt_rq or to wake fair here,
because of rq is locked permanently and interrupts are
disabled.
2) In case of SMP this can cause a hang too. Although we unlock
rq in idle_balance(), interrupts are still disabled.
The solution is to check for available tasks in DL and RT
classes instead of checking for sum.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1394098321.19290.11.camel@tkhai
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The problems:
1) We check for rt_nr_running before call of put_prev_task().
If previous task is RT, its rt_rq may become throttled
and dequeued after this call.
In case of p is from rt->rq this just causes picking a task
from throttled queue, but in case of its rt_rq is child
we are guaranteed catch BUG_ON.
2) The same with deadline class. The only difference we operate
on only dl_rq.
This patch fixes all the above problems and it adds a small skip in the
DL update like we've already done for RT class:
if (unlikely((s64)delta_exec <= 0))
return;
This will optimize sequential update_curr_dl() calls a little.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1393946746.3643.3.camel@tkhai
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Michael spotted that the idle_balance() push down created a task
priority problem.
Previously, when we called idle_balance() before pick_next_task() it
wasn't a problem when -- because of the rq->lock droppage -- an rt/dl
task slipped in.
Similarly for pre_schedule(), rt pre-schedule could have a dl task
slip in.
But by pulling it into the pick_next_task() loop, we'll not try a
higher task priority again.
Cure this by creating a re-start condition in pick_next_task(); and
triggering this from pick_next_task_{rt,fair}().
It also fixes a live-lock where we get stuck in pick_next_task_fair()
due to idle_balance() seeing !0 nr_running but there not actually
being any fair tasks about.
Reported-by: Michael Wang <wangyun@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes: 38033c37fa ("sched: Push down pre_schedule() and idle_balance()")
Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140224121218.GR15586@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Kirill Tkhai noted:
Since deadline tasks share rt bandwidth, we must care about
bandwidth timer set. Otherwise rt_time may grow up to infinity
in update_curr_dl(), if there are no other available RT tasks
on top level bandwidth.
RT task were in fact throttled right after they got enqueued,
and never executed again (rt_time never again went below rt_runtime).
Peter then proposed to accrue DL execution on rt_time only when
rt timer is active, and proposed a patch (this patch is a slight
modification of that) to implement that behavior. While this
solves Kirill problem, it has a drawback.
Indeed, Kirill noted again:
It looks we may get into a situation, when all CPU time is shared
between RT and DL tasks:
rt_runtime = n
rt_period = 2n
| RT working, DL sleeping | DL working, RT sleeping |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| (1) duration = n | (2) duration = n | (repeat)
|--------------------------|------------------------------|
| (rt_bw timer is running) | (rt_bw timer is not running) |
No time for fair tasks at all.
While this can happen during the first period, if rq is always backlogged,
RT tasks won't have the opportunity to execute anymore: rt_time reached
rt_runtime during (1), suppose after (2) RT is enqueued back, it gets
throttled since rt timer didn't fire, replenishment is from now on eaten up
by DL tasks that accrue their execution on rt_time (while rt timer is
active - we have an RT task waiting for replenishment). FAIR tasks are
not touched after this first period. Ok, this is not ideal, and the situation
is even worse!
What above (the nice case), practically never happens in reality, where
your rt timer is not aligned to tasks periods, tasks are in general not
periodic, etc.. Long story short, you always risk to overload your system.
This patch is based on Peter's idea, but exploits an additional fact:
if you don't have RT tasks enqueued, it makes little sense to continue
incrementing rt_time once you reached the upper limit (DL tasks have their
own mechanism for throttling).
This cures both problems:
- no matter how many DL instances in the past, you'll have an rt_time
slightly above rt_runtime when an RT task is enqueued, and from that
point on (after the first replenishment), the task will normally execute;
- you can still eat up all bandwidth during the first period, but not
anymore after that, remember that DL execution will increment rt_time
till the upper limit is reached.
The situation is still not perfect! But, we have a simple solution for now,
that limits how much you can jeopardize your system, as we keep working
towards the right answer: RT groups scheduled using deadline servers.
Reported-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140225151515.617714e2f2cd6c558531ba61@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Remove a few gratuitous #ifdefs in pick_next_task*().
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-nnzddp5c4fijyzzxxrwlxghf@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Dan Carpenter reported:
> kernel/sched/rt.c:1347 pick_next_task_rt() warn: variable dereferenced before check 'prev' (see line 1338)
> kernel/sched/deadline.c:1011 pick_next_task_dl() warn: variable dereferenced before check 'prev' (see line 1005)
Kirill also spotted that migrate_tasks() will have an instant NULL
deref because pick_next_task() will immediately deref prev.
Instead of fixing all the corner cases because migrate_tasks() can
pass in a NULL prev task in the unlikely case of hot-un-plug, provide
a fake task such that we can remove all the NULL checks from the far
more common paths.
A further problem; not previously spotted; is that because we pushed
pre_schedule() and idle_balance() into pick_next_task() we now need to
avoid those getting called and pulling more tasks on our dying CPU.
We avoid pull_{dl,rt}_task() by setting fake_task.prio to MAX_PRIO+1.
We also note that since we call pick_next_task() exactly the amount of
times we have runnable tasks present, we should never land in
idle_balance().
Fixes: 38033c37fa ("sched: Push down pre_schedule() and idle_balance()")
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reported-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140212094930.GB3545@laptop.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This patch both merged idle_balance() and pre_schedule() and pushes
both of them into pick_next_task().
Conceptually pre_schedule() and idle_balance() are rather similar,
both are used to pull more work onto the current CPU.
We cannot however first move idle_balance() into pre_schedule_fair()
since there is no guarantee the last runnable task is a fair task, and
thus we would miss newidle balances.
Similarly, the dl and rt pre_schedule calls must be ran before
idle_balance() since their respective tasks have higher priority and
it would not do to delay their execution searching for less important
tasks first.
However, by noticing that pick_next_tasks() already traverses the
sched_class hierarchy in the right order, we can get the right
behaviour and do away with both calls.
We must however change the special case optimization to also require
that prev is of sched_class_fair, otherwise we can miss doing a dl or
rt pull where we needed one.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-a8k6vvaebtn64nie345kx1je@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In order to avoid having to do put/set on a whole cgroup hierarchy
when we context switch, push the put into pick_next_task() so that
both operations are in the same function. Further changes then allow
us to possibly optimize away redundant work.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328936700.2476.17.camel@laptop
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Introduces data structures relevant for implementing dynamic
migration of -deadline tasks and the logic for checking if
runqueues are overloaded with -deadline tasks and for choosing
where a task should migrate, when it is the case.
Adds also dynamic migrations to SCHED_DEADLINE, so that tasks can
be moved among CPUs when necessary. It is also possible to bind a
task to a (set of) CPU(s), thus restricting its capability of
migrating, or forbidding migrations at all.
The very same approach used in sched_rt is utilised:
- -deadline tasks are kept into CPU-specific runqueues,
- -deadline tasks are migrated among runqueues to achieve the
following:
* on an M-CPU system the M earliest deadline ready tasks
are always running;
* affinity/cpusets settings of all the -deadline tasks is
always respected.
Therefore, this very special form of "load balancing" is done with
an active method, i.e., the scheduler pushes or pulls tasks between
runqueues when they are woken up and/or (de)scheduled.
IOW, every time a preemption occurs, the descheduled task might be sent
to some other CPU (depending on its deadline) to continue executing
(push). On the other hand, every time a CPU becomes idle, it might pull
the second earliest deadline ready task from some other CPU.
To enforce this, a pull operation is always attempted before taking any
scheduling decision (pre_schedule()), as well as a push one after each
scheduling decision (post_schedule()). In addition, when a task arrives
or wakes up, the best CPU where to resume it is selected taking into
account its affinity mask, the system topology, but also its deadline.
E.g., from the scheduling point of view, the best CPU where to wake
up (and also where to push) a task is the one which is running the task
with the latest deadline among the M executing ones.
In order to facilitate these decisions, per-runqueue "caching" of the
deadlines of the currently running and of the first ready task is used.
Queued but not running tasks are also parked in another rb-tree to
speed-up pushes.
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-5-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch touches the RT group scheduling case.
Functions inc_rt_prio_smp() and dec_rt_prio_smp() change (global) rq's
priority, while rt_rq passed to them may be not the top-level rt_rq.
This is wrong, because changing of priority on a child level does not
guarantee that the priority is the highest all over the rq. So, this
leak makes RT balancing unusable.
The short example: the task having the highest priority among all rq's
RT tasks (no one other task has the same priority) are waking on a
throttle rt_rq. The rq's cpupri is set to the task's priority
equivalent, but real rq->rt.highest_prio.curr is less.
The patch below fixes the problem.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
CC: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/49231385567953@web4m.yandex.ru
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This issue was introduced by 454c79999f ("sched/rt: Fix SCHED_RR
across cgroups") that missed the word 'not'. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Li Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
Cc: <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Cc: <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1382357743-54136-1-git-send-email-huawei.libin@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Use the new stop_two_cpus() to implement migrate_swap(), a function that
flips two tasks between their respective cpus.
I'm fairly sure there's a less crude way than employing the stop_two_cpus()
method, but everything I tried either got horribly fragile and/or complex. So
keep it simple for now.
The notable detail is how we 'migrate' tasks that aren't runnable
anymore. We'll make it appear like we migrated them before they went to
sleep. The sole difference is the previous cpu in the wakeup path, so we
override this.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-39-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In 76854c7e8f ("sched: Use
rt.nr_cpus_allowed to recover select_task_rq() cycles") an
optimization was added to select_task_rq_rt() that immediately
returns when p->nr_cpus_allowed == 1 at the beginning of the
function.
This makes the latter p->nr_cpus_allowed > 1 check redundant,
which can now be removed.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Bohrer <sbohrer@rgmadvisors.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <mgalbraith@suse.de>
Cc: tomk@rgmadvisors.com
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1380914693-24634-1-git-send-email-shawn.bohrer@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
[ Peter, this is based off of some of my work, I ran it though a few
tests and it passed. I also reviewed it, and added my SOB as I am
somewhat a co-author to it. ]
Based on the patch by Steven Rostedt from previous year:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/18/517
1)Simplify pull_rt_task() logic: search in pushable tasks of dest runqueue.
The only pullable tasks are the tasks which are pushable in their local rq,
and no others.
2)Remove .leaf_rt_rq_list member of struct rt_rq and functions connected
with it: nobody uses it since now.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <tkhai@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/287571370557898@web7d.yandex.ru
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Read the runqueue clock through an accessor. This
prepares for adding a debugging infrastructure to
detect missing or redundant calls to update_rq_clock()
between a scheduler's entry and exit point.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1365724262-20142-6-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
migration_call() will do all the things that update_runtime() does.
So let's remove it.
Furthermore, there is potential risk that the current code will catch
BUG_ON at line 689 of rt.c when do cpu hotplug while there are realtime
threads running because of enabling runtime twice while the rt_runtime
may already changed.
Signed-off-by: Neil Zhang <zhangwm@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1365685499-26515-1-git-send-email-zhangwm@marvell.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It is a few instructions more efficent to and slightly more
readable to use this_rq()-> instead of cpu_rq(smp_processor_id())-> .
Size comparison of kernel/sched/fair.o:
text data bss dec hex filename
27972 122 26 28120 6dd8 fair.o.before
27956 122 26 28104 6dc8 fair.o.after
Signed-off-by: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1368116643-87971-1-git-send-email-nzimmer@sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
