Revert commit 534b483a86 ("cpumask: don't perform while loop in
cpumask_next_and()").
This was a minor optimization, but it puts a `struct cpumask' on the
stack, which consumes too much stack space.
Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
da91309e0a (cpumask: Utility function to set n'th cpu...) created a
genuinely weird function. I never saw it before, it went through DaveM.
(He only does this to make us other maintainers feel better about our own
mistakes.)
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first's purpose is say "I need to spread things
across N online cpus, choose the ones on this numa node first"; you call
it in a loop.
It can fail. One of the two callers ignores this, the other aborts and
fails the device open.
It can fail in two ways: allocating the off-stack cpumask, or through a
convoluted codepath which AFAICT can only occur if cpu_online_mask
changes. Which shouldn't happen, because if cpu_online_mask can change
while you call this, it could return a now-offline cpu anyway.
It contains a nonsensical test "!cpumask_of_node(numa_node)". This was
drawn to my attention by Geert, who said this causes a warning on Sparc.
It sets a single bit in a cpumask instead of returning a cpu number,
because that's what the callers want.
It could be made more efficient by passing the previous cpu rather than
an index, but that would be more invasive to the callers.
Fixes: da91309e0a
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (then rebased)
Tested-by: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Acked-by: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
functions, prompted by their mis-use in staging.
With these function removed, all cpu functions should only iterate to
nr_cpu_ids, so we finally only allocate that many bits when cpumasks
are allocated offstack.
Thanks,
Rusty.
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Merge tag 'cpumask-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull final removal of deprecated cpus_* cpumask functions from Rusty Russell:
"This is the final removal (after several years!) of the obsolete
cpus_* functions, prompted by their mis-use in staging.
With these function removed, all cpu functions should only iterate to
nr_cpu_ids, so we finally only allocate that many bits when cpumasks
are allocated offstack"
* tag 'cpumask-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux: (25 commits)
cpumask: remove __first_cpu / __next_cpu
cpumask: resurrect CPU_MASK_CPU0
linux/cpumask.h: add typechecking to cpumask_test_cpu
cpumask: only allocate nr_cpumask_bits.
Fix weird uses of num_online_cpus().
cpumask: remove deprecated functions.
mips: fix obsolete cpumask_of_cpu usage.
x86: fix more deprecated cpu function usage.
ia64: remove deprecated cpus_ usage.
powerpc: fix deprecated CPU_MASK_CPU0 usage.
CPU_MASK_ALL/CPU_MASK_NONE: remove from deprecated region.
staging/lustre/o2iblnd: Don't use cpus_weight
staging/lustre/libcfs: replace deprecated cpus_ calls with cpumask_
staging/lustre/ptlrpc: Do not use deprecated cpus_* functions
blackfin: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
parisc: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
tile: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
arm64: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
mips: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
x86: fix up obsolete cpu function usage.
...
They were for use by the deprecated first_cpu() and next_cpu() wrappers,
but sparc used them directly.
They're now replaced by cpumask_first / cpumask_next. And __next_cpu_nr
is completely obsolete.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
cpumask_next_and() is looking for cpumask_next() in src1 in a loop and
tests if found cpu is also present in src2. remove that loop, perform
cpumask_and() of src1 and src2 first and use that new mask to find
cpumask_next().
Apart from removing while loop, ./bloat-o-meter on x86_64 shows
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-8 (-8)
function old new delta
cpumask_next_and 62 54 -8
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now we'll find out the hard way if anyone has CPUMASK_OFFSTACK and is
returning these or assigning them.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
When device is non numa aware (numa_node == -1), use all online cpu's.
Signed-off-by: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This function sets the n'th cpu - local cpu's first.
For example: in a 16 cores server with even cpu's local, will get the
following values:
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(0, numa, cpumask) => cpu 0 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(1, numa, cpumask) => cpu 2 is set
...
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(7, numa, cpumask) => cpu 14 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(8, numa, cpumask) => cpu 1 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(9, numa, cpumask) => cpu 3 is set
...
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(15, numa, cpumask) => cpu 15 is set
Curently this function will be used by multi queue networking devices to
calculate the irq affinity mask, such that as many local cpu's as
possible will be utilized to handle the mq device irq's.
Signed-off-by: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This reverts commit 70a640d0da
("net/mlx4_en: Use affinity hint") and commit
c8865b64b0 ("cpumask: Utility function
to set n'th cpu - local cpu first") because these changes break
the build when SMP is disabled amongst other things.
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This function sets the n'th cpu - local cpu's first.
For example: in a 16 cores server with even cpu's local, will get the
following values:
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(0, numa, cpumask) => cpu 0 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(1, numa, cpumask) => cpu 2 is set
...
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(7, numa, cpumask) => cpu 14 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(8, numa, cpumask) => cpu 1 is set
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(9, numa, cpumask) => cpu 3 is set
...
cpumask_set_cpu_local_first(15, numa, cpumask) => cpu 15 is set
Curently this function will be used by multi queue networking devices to
calculate the irq affinity mask, such that as many local cpu's as
possible will be utilized to handle the mq device irq's.
Signed-off-by: Amir Vadai <amirv@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Switch to memblock interfaces for early memory allocator instead of
bootmem allocator. No functional change in beahvior than what it is in
current code from bootmem users points of view.
Archs already converted to NO_BOOTMEM now directly use memblock
interfaces instead of bootmem wrappers build on top of memblock. And
the archs which still uses bootmem, these new apis just fallback to
exiting bootmem APIs.
Signed-off-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Grygorii Strashko <grygorii.strashko@ti.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is strange that alloc_bootmem() returns a virtual address and
free_bootmem() requires a physical address. Anyway, free_bootmem()'s
first parameter should be physical address.
There are some call sites for free_bootmem() with virtual address. So fix
them.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve free_bootmem() and free_bootmem_pate() documentation]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__any_online_cpu() is not optimal and also unnecessary. So, replace its
use by faster cpumask_* operations.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For files only using THIS_MODULE and/or EXPORT_SYMBOL, map
them onto including export.h -- or if the file isn't even
using those, then just delete the include. Fix up any implicit
include dependencies that were being masked by module.h along
the way.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
NUMA_NO_NODE and numa_node_id() have different meanings. NUMA_NO_NODE is
obviously the recommended fallback.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Now that we set up the slab allocator earlier, we can get rid of some
alloc_bootmem_cpumask_var() calls in boot code.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Fix slab corruption caused by alloc_cpumask_var_node() overwriting the
tail end of an off-stack cpumask.
The function zeros out cpumask bits beyond the last possible cpu. The
starting point for zeroing should be the beginning of the mask offset by a
byte count derived from the number of possible cpus. The offset was
calculated in bits instead of bytes. This resulted in overwriting the end
of the cpumask.
Signed-off-by: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Mike Travis <travis.sgi.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.29.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: extra safety checks during transition
When CONFIG_CPUMASKS_OFFSTACK is set, the new cpumask_ operators only
use bits up to nr_cpu_ids, not NR_CPUS. Using the old cpus_ operators
on these masks can mean accessing undefined bits.
After some discussion, Mike and I decided to err on the side of caution;
we zero the "undefined" bits in alloc_cpumask_var_node() until all the
old cpumask functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Impact: New kerneldoc comments
Additional documentation added to all the alloc_cpumask and free_cpumask
functions.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (minor additions)
Impact: New API
This will be needed in x86 code to allocate the domain and old_domain
cpumasks on the same node as where the containing irq_cfg struct is
allocated.
(Also fixes double-dump_stack on rare CONFIG_DEBUG_PER_CPU_MAPS case)
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (re-impl alloc_cpumask_var)
Impact: cleanup
Clean up based on feedback from Andrew Morton and others:
- change to inline functions instead of macros
- add __init to bootmem method
- add a missing debug check
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: introduce new APIs
We want to deprecate cpumasks on the stack, as we are headed for
gynormous numbers of CPUs. Eventually, we want to head towards an
undefined 'struct cpumask' so they can never be declared on stack.
1) New cpumask functions which take pointers instead of copies.
(cpus_* -> cpumask_*)
2) Several new helpers to reduce requirements for temporary cpumasks
(cpumask_first_and, cpumask_next_and, cpumask_any_and)
3) Helpers for declaring cpumasks on or offstack for large NR_CPUS
(cpumask_var_t, alloc_cpumask_var and free_cpumask_var)
4) 'struct cpumask' for explicitness and to mark new-style code.
5) Make iterator functions stop at nr_cpu_ids (a runtime constant),
not NR_CPUS for time efficiency and for smaller dynamic allocations
in future.
6) cpumask_copy() so we can allocate less than a full cpumask eventually
(for alloc_cpumask_var), and so we can eliminate the 'struct cpumask'
definition eventually.
7) work_on_cpu() helper for doing task on a CPU, rather than saving old
cpumask for current thread and manipulating it.
8) smp_call_function_many() which is smp_call_function_mask() except
taking a cpumask pointer.
Note that this patch simply introduces the new functions and leaves
the obsolescent ones in place. This is to simplify the transition
patches.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* Increase performance for systems with large count NR_CPUS by limiting
the range of the cpumask operators that loop over the bits in a cpumask_t
variable. This removes a large amount of wasted cpu cycles.
* Add performance variants of the cpumask operators:
int cpus_weight_nr(mask) Same using nr_cpu_ids instead of NR_CPUS
int first_cpu_nr(mask) Number lowest set bit, or nr_cpu_ids
int next_cpu_nr(cpu, mask) Next cpu past 'cpu', or nr_cpu_ids
for_each_cpu_mask_nr(cpu, mask) for-loop cpu over mask using nr_cpu_ids
* Modify following to use performance variants:
#define num_online_cpus() cpus_weight_nr(cpu_online_map)
#define num_possible_cpus() cpus_weight_nr(cpu_possible_map)
#define num_present_cpus() cpus_weight_nr(cpu_present_map)
#define for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) for_each_cpu_mask_nr((cpu), ...)
#define for_each_online_cpu(cpu) for_each_cpu_mask_nr((cpu), ...)
#define for_each_present_cpu(cpu) for_each_cpu_mask_nr((cpu), ...)
* Comment added to include/linux/cpumask.h:
Note: The alternate operations with the suffix "_nr" are used
to limit the range of the loop to nr_cpu_ids instead of
NR_CPUS when NR_CPUS > 64 for performance reasons.
If NR_CPUS is <= 64 then most assembler bitmask
operators execute faster with a constant range, so
the operator will continue to use NR_CPUS.
Another consideration is that nr_cpu_ids is initialized
to NR_CPUS and isn't lowered until the possible cpus are
discovered (including any disabled cpus). So early uses
will span the entire range of NR_CPUS.
(The net effect is that for systems with 64 or less CPU's there are no
functional changes.)
For inclusion into sched-devel/latest tree.
Based on:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+ sched-devel/latest .../mingo/linux-2.6-sched-devel.git
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The nr_cpu_ids value is currently only calculated in smp_init. However, it
may be needed before (SLUB needs it on kmem_cache_init!) and other kernel
components may also want to allocate dynamically sized per cpu array before
smp_init. So move the determination of possible cpus into sched_init()
where we already loop over all possible cpus early in boot.
Also initialize both nr_node_ids and nr_cpu_ids with the highest value they
could take. If we have accidental users before these values are determined
then the current valud of 0 may cause too small per cpu and per node arrays
to be allocated. If it is set to the maximum possible then we only waste
some memory for early boot users.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We frequently need the maximum number of possible processors in order to
allocate arrays for all processors. So far this was done using
highest_possible_processor_id(). However, we do need the number of
processors not the highest id. Moreover the number was so far dynamically
calculated on each invokation. The number of possible processors does not
change when the system is running. We can therefore calculate that number
once.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Qooting Adrian:
- net/sunrpc/svc.c uses highest_possible_node_id()
- include/linux/nodemask.h says highest_possible_node_id() is
out-of-line #if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
- the out-of-line highest_possible_node_id() is in lib/cpumask.c
- lib/Makefile: lib-$(CONFIG_SMP) += cpumask.o
CONFIG_ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE=y, CONFIG_SMP=n, CONFIG_SUNRPC=y
-> highest_possible_node_id() is used in net/sunrpc/svc.c
CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT defined and > 0
-> include/linux/numa.h: MAX_NUMNODES > 1
-> compile error
The bug is not present on architectures where ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE
depends on NUMA (but m32r isn't the only affected architecture).
So move the function into page_alloc.c
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
text data bss dec hex filename
before: 3605597 1363528 363328 5332453 515de5 vmlinux
after: 3605295 1363612 363200 5332107 515c8b vmlinux
218 bytes saved.
Also, optimise any_online_cpu() out of existence on CONFIG_SMP=n.
This function seems inefficient. Can't we simply AND the two masks, then use
find_first_bit()?
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Shrinks the only caller (net/bridge/netfilter/ebtables.c) by 174 bytes.
Also, optimise highest_possible_processor_id() out of existence on
CONFIG_SMP=n.
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
