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linux-next/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable-invert.h

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x86/speculation/l1tf: Protect PROT_NONE PTEs against speculation When PTEs are set to PROT_NONE the kernel just clears the Present bit and preserves the PFN, which creates attack surface for L1TF speculation speculation attacks. This is important inside guests, because L1TF speculation bypasses physical page remapping. While the host has its own migitations preventing leaking data from other VMs into the guest, this would still risk leaking the wrong page inside the current guest. This uses the same technique as Linus' swap entry patch: while an entry is is in PROTNONE state invert the complete PFN part part of it. This ensures that the the highest bit will point to non existing memory. The invert is done by pte/pmd_modify and pfn/pmd/pud_pte for PROTNONE and pte/pmd/pud_pfn undo it. This assume that no code path touches the PFN part of a PTE directly without using these primitives. This doesn't handle the case that MMIO is on the top of the CPU physical memory. If such an MMIO region was exposed by an unpriviledged driver for mmap it would be possible to attack some real memory. However this situation is all rather unlikely. For 32bit non PAE the inversion is not done because there are really not enough bits to protect anything. Q: Why does the guest need to be protected when the HyperVisor already has L1TF mitigations? A: Here's an example: Physical pages 1 2 get mapped into a guest as GPA 1 -> PA 2 GPA 2 -> PA 1 through EPT. The L1TF speculation ignores the EPT remapping. Now the guest kernel maps GPA 1 to process A and GPA 2 to process B, and they belong to different users and should be isolated. A sets the GPA 1 PA 2 PTE to PROT_NONE to bypass the EPT remapping and gets read access to the underlying physical page. Which in this case points to PA 2, so it can read process B's data, if it happened to be in L1, so isolation inside the guest is broken. There's nothing the hypervisor can do about this. This mitigation has to be done in the guest itself. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
2018-06-14 06:48:24 +08:00
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _ASM_PGTABLE_INVERT_H
#define _ASM_PGTABLE_INVERT_H 1
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
x86/speculation/l1tf: Exempt zeroed PTEs from inversion It turns out that we should *not* invert all not-present mappings, because the all zeroes case is obviously special. clear_page() does not undergo the XOR logic to invert the address bits, i.e. PTE, PMD and PUD entries that have not been individually written will have val=0 and so will trigger __pte_needs_invert(). As a result, {pte,pmd,pud}_pfn() will return the wrong PFN value, i.e. all ones (adjusted by the max PFN mask) instead of zero. A zeroed entry is ok because the page at physical address 0 is reserved early in boot specifically to mitigate L1TF, so explicitly exempt them from the inversion when reading the PFN. Manifested as an unexpected mprotect(..., PROT_NONE) failure when called on a VMA that has VM_PFNMAP and was mmap'd to as something other than PROT_NONE but never used. mprotect() sends the PROT_NONE request down prot_none_walk(), which walks the PTEs to check the PFNs. prot_none_pte_entry() gets the bogus PFN from pte_pfn() and returns -EACCES because it thinks mprotect() is trying to adjust a high MMIO address. [ This is a very modified version of Sean's original patch, but all credit goes to Sean for doing this and also pointing out that sometimes the __pte_needs_invert() function only gets the protection bits, not the full eventual pte. But zero remains special even in just protection bits, so that's ok. - Linus ] Fixes: f22cc87f6c1f ("x86/speculation/l1tf: Invert all not present mappings") Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-18 01:27:36 +08:00
/*
* A clear pte value is special, and doesn't get inverted.
*
* Note that even users that only pass a pgprot_t (rather
* than a full pte) won't trigger the special zero case,
* because even PAGE_NONE has _PAGE_PROTNONE | _PAGE_ACCESSED
* set. So the all zero case really is limited to just the
* cleared page table entry case.
*/
x86/speculation/l1tf: Protect PROT_NONE PTEs against speculation When PTEs are set to PROT_NONE the kernel just clears the Present bit and preserves the PFN, which creates attack surface for L1TF speculation speculation attacks. This is important inside guests, because L1TF speculation bypasses physical page remapping. While the host has its own migitations preventing leaking data from other VMs into the guest, this would still risk leaking the wrong page inside the current guest. This uses the same technique as Linus' swap entry patch: while an entry is is in PROTNONE state invert the complete PFN part part of it. This ensures that the the highest bit will point to non existing memory. The invert is done by pte/pmd_modify and pfn/pmd/pud_pte for PROTNONE and pte/pmd/pud_pfn undo it. This assume that no code path touches the PFN part of a PTE directly without using these primitives. This doesn't handle the case that MMIO is on the top of the CPU physical memory. If such an MMIO region was exposed by an unpriviledged driver for mmap it would be possible to attack some real memory. However this situation is all rather unlikely. For 32bit non PAE the inversion is not done because there are really not enough bits to protect anything. Q: Why does the guest need to be protected when the HyperVisor already has L1TF mitigations? A: Here's an example: Physical pages 1 2 get mapped into a guest as GPA 1 -> PA 2 GPA 2 -> PA 1 through EPT. The L1TF speculation ignores the EPT remapping. Now the guest kernel maps GPA 1 to process A and GPA 2 to process B, and they belong to different users and should be isolated. A sets the GPA 1 PA 2 PTE to PROT_NONE to bypass the EPT remapping and gets read access to the underlying physical page. Which in this case points to PA 2, so it can read process B's data, if it happened to be in L1, so isolation inside the guest is broken. There's nothing the hypervisor can do about this. This mitigation has to be done in the guest itself. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
2018-06-14 06:48:24 +08:00
static inline bool __pte_needs_invert(u64 val)
{
x86/speculation/l1tf: Exempt zeroed PTEs from inversion It turns out that we should *not* invert all not-present mappings, because the all zeroes case is obviously special. clear_page() does not undergo the XOR logic to invert the address bits, i.e. PTE, PMD and PUD entries that have not been individually written will have val=0 and so will trigger __pte_needs_invert(). As a result, {pte,pmd,pud}_pfn() will return the wrong PFN value, i.e. all ones (adjusted by the max PFN mask) instead of zero. A zeroed entry is ok because the page at physical address 0 is reserved early in boot specifically to mitigate L1TF, so explicitly exempt them from the inversion when reading the PFN. Manifested as an unexpected mprotect(..., PROT_NONE) failure when called on a VMA that has VM_PFNMAP and was mmap'd to as something other than PROT_NONE but never used. mprotect() sends the PROT_NONE request down prot_none_walk(), which walks the PTEs to check the PFNs. prot_none_pte_entry() gets the bogus PFN from pte_pfn() and returns -EACCES because it thinks mprotect() is trying to adjust a high MMIO address. [ This is a very modified version of Sean's original patch, but all credit goes to Sean for doing this and also pointing out that sometimes the __pte_needs_invert() function only gets the protection bits, not the full eventual pte. But zero remains special even in just protection bits, so that's ok. - Linus ] Fixes: f22cc87f6c1f ("x86/speculation/l1tf: Invert all not present mappings") Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-18 01:27:36 +08:00
return val && !(val & _PAGE_PRESENT);
x86/speculation/l1tf: Protect PROT_NONE PTEs against speculation When PTEs are set to PROT_NONE the kernel just clears the Present bit and preserves the PFN, which creates attack surface for L1TF speculation speculation attacks. This is important inside guests, because L1TF speculation bypasses physical page remapping. While the host has its own migitations preventing leaking data from other VMs into the guest, this would still risk leaking the wrong page inside the current guest. This uses the same technique as Linus' swap entry patch: while an entry is is in PROTNONE state invert the complete PFN part part of it. This ensures that the the highest bit will point to non existing memory. The invert is done by pte/pmd_modify and pfn/pmd/pud_pte for PROTNONE and pte/pmd/pud_pfn undo it. This assume that no code path touches the PFN part of a PTE directly without using these primitives. This doesn't handle the case that MMIO is on the top of the CPU physical memory. If such an MMIO region was exposed by an unpriviledged driver for mmap it would be possible to attack some real memory. However this situation is all rather unlikely. For 32bit non PAE the inversion is not done because there are really not enough bits to protect anything. Q: Why does the guest need to be protected when the HyperVisor already has L1TF mitigations? A: Here's an example: Physical pages 1 2 get mapped into a guest as GPA 1 -> PA 2 GPA 2 -> PA 1 through EPT. The L1TF speculation ignores the EPT remapping. Now the guest kernel maps GPA 1 to process A and GPA 2 to process B, and they belong to different users and should be isolated. A sets the GPA 1 PA 2 PTE to PROT_NONE to bypass the EPT remapping and gets read access to the underlying physical page. Which in this case points to PA 2, so it can read process B's data, if it happened to be in L1, so isolation inside the guest is broken. There's nothing the hypervisor can do about this. This mitigation has to be done in the guest itself. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
2018-06-14 06:48:24 +08:00
}
/* Get a mask to xor with the page table entry to get the correct pfn. */
static inline u64 protnone_mask(u64 val)
{
return __pte_needs_invert(val) ? ~0ull : 0;
}
static inline u64 flip_protnone_guard(u64 oldval, u64 val, u64 mask)
{
/*
* When a PTE transitions from NONE to !NONE or vice-versa
* invert the PFN part to stop speculation.
* pte_pfn undoes this when needed.
*/
if (__pte_needs_invert(oldval) != __pte_needs_invert(val))
val = (val & ~mask) | (~val & mask);
return val;
}
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif