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Use Description only internally, and allow Alias to be set as a separate option. For instance SNMP uses ifalias for a specific purpose, so let's not write to it by default.
951 lines
41 KiB
XML
951 lines
41 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry id="udev">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>udev</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Greg</firstname>
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<surname>Kroah-Hartmann</surname>
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<email>greg@kroah.com</email>
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</author>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Kay</firstname>
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<surname>Sievers</surname>
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<email>kay@vrfy.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>udev</refname>
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<refpurpose>Dynamic device management</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1><title>Description</title>
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<para>udev supplies the system software with device events, manages permissions
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of device nodes and may create additional symlinks in the <filename>/dev</filename>
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directory, or renames network interfaces. The kernel usually just assigns unpredictable
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device names based on the order of discovery. Meaningful symlinks or network device
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names provide a way to reliably identify devices based on their properties or
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current configuration.</para>
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<para>The udev daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, receives device uevents directly from
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the kernel whenever a device is added or removed from the system, or it changes its
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state. When udev receives a device event, it matches its configured set of rules
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against various device attributes to identify the device. Rules that match may
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provide additional device information to be stored in the udev database or
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to be used to create meaningful symlink names.</para>
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<para>All device information udev processes is stored in the udev database and
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sent out to possible event subscribers. Access to all stored data and the event
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sources is provided by the library libudev.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1><title>Rules Files</title>
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<para>The udev rules are read from the files located in the
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system rules directory <filename>/usr/lib/udev/rules.d</filename>,
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the volatile runtime directory <filename>/run/udev/rules.d</filename>
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and the local administration directory <filename>/etc/udev/rules.d</filename>.
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All rules files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
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regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
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identical filenames replace each other. Files in <filename>/etc</filename>
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have the highest priority, files in <filename>/run</filename> take precedence
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over files with the same name in <filename>/lib</filename>. This can be
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used to override a system-supplied rules file with a local file if needed;
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a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a rules file in
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<filename>/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
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disables the rules file entirely. Rule files must have the extension
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<filename>.rules</filename>; other extensions are ignored.</para>
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<para>Every line in the rules file contains at least one key-value pair.
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Except for empty lines or lines beginning with <literal>#</literal>, which are ignored.
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There are two kinds of keys: match and assignment.
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If all match keys match against their values, the rule gets applied and the
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assignment keys get the specified values assigned.</para>
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<para>A matching rule may rename a network interface, add symlinks
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pointing to the device node, or run a specified program as part of
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the event handling.</para>
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<para>A rule consists of a comma-separated list of one or more key-value pairs.
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Each key has a distinct operation, depending on the used operator. Valid
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operators are:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>==</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Compare for equality.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>!=</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Compare for inequality.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>=</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign a value to a key. Keys that represent a list are reset
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and only this single value is assigned.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>+=</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Add the value to a key that holds a list of entries.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>:=</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign a value to a key finally; disallow any later changes.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The following key names can be used to match against device properties.
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Some of the keys also match against properties of the parent devices in sysfs,
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not only the device that has generated the event. If multiple keys that match
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a parent device are specified in a single rule, all these keys must match at
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one and the same parent device.</para>
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<variablelist class='udev-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ACTION</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the name of the event action.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DEVPATH</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the devpath of the event device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>KERNEL</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the name of the event device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>NAME</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the name of a network interface. It can be used once the
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NAME key has been set in one of the preceding rules.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYMLINK</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the name of a symlink targeting the node. It can
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be used once a SYMLINK key has been set in one of the preceding
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rules. There may be multiple symlinks; only one needs to match.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SUBSYSTEM</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the subsystem of the event device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DRIVER</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the driver name of the event device. Only set this key for devices
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which are bound to a driver at the time the event is generated.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ATTR{<replaceable>filename</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match sysfs attribute values of the event device. Trailing
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whitespace in the attribute values is ignored unless the specified match
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value itself contains trailing whitespace.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>KERNELS</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SUBSYSTEMS</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device subsystem name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DRIVERS</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device driver name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ATTRS{<replaceable>filename</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching sysfs attribute values.
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If multiple <varname>ATTRS</varname> matches are specified, all of them
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must match on the same device. Trailing whitespace in the attribute values is ignored
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unless the specified match value itself contains trailing whitespace.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>TAGS</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching tag.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ENV{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match against a device property value.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>TAG</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match against a device tag.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>TEST{<replaceable>octal mode mask</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Test the existence of a file. An octal mode mask can be specified
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if needed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PROGRAM</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Execute a program to determine whether there
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is a match; the key is true if the program returns
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successfully. The device properties are made available to the
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executed program in the environment. The program's stdout
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is available in the RESULT key.</para>
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<para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details
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see <varname>RUN</varname>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RESULT</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Match the returned string of the last PROGRAM call. This key can
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be used in the same or in any later rule after a PROGRAM call.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Most of the fields support shell glob pattern matching. The following
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pattern characters are supported:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>*</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Matches zero or more characters.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>?</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Matches any single character.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>[]</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Matches any single character specified within the brackets. For
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example, the pattern string <literal>tty[SR]</literal>
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would match either <literal>ttyS</literal> or <literal>ttyR</literal>.
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Ranges are also supported via the <literal>-</literal> character.
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For example, to match on the range of all digits, the pattern [0-9] could
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be used. If the first character following the <literal>[</literal> is a
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<literal>!</literal>, any characters not enclosed are matched.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The following keys can get values assigned:</para>
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<variablelist class='udev-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>NAME</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name to use for a network interface. The name of a device node
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cannot be changed by udev, only additional symlinks can be created.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYMLINK</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of a symlink targeting the node. Every matching rule adds
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this value to the list of symlinks to be created.</para>
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<para>The set of characters to name a symlink is limited. Allowed
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characters are <literal>0-9A-Za-z#+-.:=@_/</literal>, valid UTF-8 character
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sequences, and <literal>\x00</literal> hex encoding. All other
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characters are replaced by a <literal>_</literal> character.</para>
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<para>Multiple symlinks may be specified by separating the names by the
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space character. In case multiple devices claim the same name, the link
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always points to the device with the highest link_priority. If the current
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device goes away, the links are re-evaluated and the device with the
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next highest link_priority becomes the owner of the link. If no
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link_priority is specified, the order of the devices (and which one of
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them owns the link) is undefined.</para>
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<para>Symlink names must never conflict with the kernel's default device
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node names, as that would result in unpredictable behavior.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OWNER</varname>, <varname>GROUP</varname>, <varname>MODE</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The permissions for the device node. Every specified value overrides
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the compiled-in default value.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SECLABEL{<replaceable>module</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Applies the specified Linux Security Module label to the device node.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ATTR{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The value that should be written to a sysfs attribute of the
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event device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ENV{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set a device property value. Property names with a leading <literal>.</literal>
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are neither stored in the database nor exported to events or
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external tools (run by, say, the PROGRAM match key).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>TAG</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Attach a tag to a device. This is used to filter events for users
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of libudev's monitor functionality, or to enumerate a group of tagged
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devices. The implementation can only work efficiently if only a few
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tags are attached to a device. It is only meant to be used in
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contexts with specific device filter requirements, and not as a
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general-purpose flag. Excessive use might result in inefficient event
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handling.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RUN{<replaceable>type</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Add a program to the list of programs to be executed after processing all the
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rules for a specific event, depending on <literal>type</literal>:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>program</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Execute an external program specified as the assigned
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value. If no absolute path is given, the program is expected to live in
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/usr/lib/udev, otherwise the absolute path must be specified.</para>
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<para>This is the default if no <replaceable>type</replaceable> is
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specified.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>builtin</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>As <varname>program</varname>, but use one of the built-in programs rather
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than an external one.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The program name and following arguments are separated by spaces.
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Single quotes can be used to specify arguments with spaces.</para>
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<para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. Running an
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event process for a long period of time may block all further events for
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this or a dependent device.</para>
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<para>Starting daemons or other long running processes is not appropriate
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for udev; the forked processes, detached or not, will be unconditionally
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killed after the event handling has finished.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>LABEL</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A named label to which a GOTO may jump.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>GOTO</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Jumps to the next LABEL with a matching name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IMPORT{<replaceable>type</replaceable>}</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Import a set of variables as device properties,
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depending on <literal>type</literal>:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>program</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Execute an external program specified as the assigned value and
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import its output, which must be in environment key
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format. Path specification, command/argument separation,
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and quoting work like in <varname>RUN</varname>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>builtin</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Similar to <literal>program</literal>, but use one of the
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built-in programs rather than an external one.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>file</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Import a text file specified as the assigned value, the content
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of which must be in environment key format.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>db</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Import a single property specified as the assigned value from the
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current device database. This works only if the database is already populated
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by an earlier event.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>cmdline</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Import a single property from the kernel command line. For simple flags
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the value of the property is set to <literal>1</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>parent</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Import the stored keys from the parent device by reading
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the database entry of the parent device. The value assigned to
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<option>IMPORT{parent}</option> is used as a filter of key names
|
|
to import (with the same shell glob pattern matching used for
|
|
comparisons).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
<para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details
|
|
see <option>RUN</option>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>WAIT_FOR</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Wait for a file to become available or until a timeout of
|
|
10 seconds expires. The path is relative to the sysfs device;
|
|
if no path is specified, this waits for an attribute to appear.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>OPTIONS</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Rule and device options:</para>
|
|
<variablelist class='udev-directives'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>link_priority=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Specify the priority of the created symlinks. Devices with higher
|
|
priorities overwrite existing symlinks of other devices. The default is 0.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>event_timeout=</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Number of seconds an event waits for operations to finish before
|
|
giving up and terminating itself.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>string_escape=<replaceable>none|replace</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Usually control and other possibly unsafe characters are replaced
|
|
in strings used for device naming. The mode of replacement can be specified
|
|
with this option.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>static_node=</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Apply the permissions specified in this rule to the static device node with
|
|
the specified name. Also, for every tag specified in this rule, create a symlink
|
|
in the directory
|
|
<filename>/run/udev/static_node-tags/<replaceable>tag</replaceable></filename>
|
|
pointing at the static device node with the specified name. Static device node
|
|
creation is performed by systemd-tmpfiles before systemd-udevd is started. The
|
|
static nodes might not have a corresponding kernel device; they are used to
|
|
trigger automatic kernel module loading when they are accessed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>watch</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Watch the device node with inotify; when the node is closed after being opened for
|
|
writing, a change uevent is synthesized.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>nowatch</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Disable the watching of a device node with inotify.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <varname>NAME</varname>, <varname>SYMLINK</varname>, <varname>PROGRAM</varname>,
|
|
<varname>OWNER</varname>, <varname>GROUP</varname>, <varname>MODE</varname> and <varname>RUN</varname>
|
|
fields support simple string substitutions. The <varname>RUN</varname>
|
|
substitutions are performed after all rules have been processed, right before the program
|
|
is executed, allowing for the use of device properties set by earlier matching
|
|
rules. For all other fields, substitutions are performed while the individual rule is
|
|
being processed. The available substitutions are:</para>
|
|
<variablelist class='udev-directives'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$kernel</option>, <option>%k</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The kernel name for this device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$number</option>, <option>%n</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The kernel number for this device. For example,
|
|
<literal>sda3</literal> has kernel number <literal>3</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$devpath</option>, <option>%p</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The devpath of the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$id</option>, <option>%b</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for
|
|
<option>SUBSYSTEMS</option>, <option>KERNELS</option>, <option>DRIVERS</option> and <option>ATTRS</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$driver</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The driver name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for
|
|
<option>SUBSYSTEMS</option>, <option>KERNELS</option>, <option>DRIVERS</option> and <option>ATTRS</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$attr{<replaceable>file</replaceable>}</option>, <option>%s{<replaceable>file</replaceable>}</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The value of a sysfs attribute found at the device where
|
|
all keys of the rule have matched. If the matching device does not have
|
|
such an attribute, and a previous KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, DRIVERS, or
|
|
ATTRS test selected a parent device, then the attribute from that
|
|
parent device is used.</para>
|
|
<para>If the attribute is a symlink, the last element of the symlink target is
|
|
returned as the value.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$env{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option>, <option>%E{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A device property value.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$major</option>, <option>%M</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The kernel major number for the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$minor</option>, <option>%m</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The kernel minor number for the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$result</option>, <option>%c</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The string returned by the external program requested with PROGRAM.
|
|
A single part of the string, separated by a space character, may be selected
|
|
by specifying the part number as an attribute: <literal>%c{N}</literal>.
|
|
If the number is followed by the <literal>+</literal> character, this part plus all remaining parts
|
|
of the result string are substituted: <literal>%c{N+}</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$parent</option>, <option>%P</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The node name of the parent device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$name</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The current name of the device. If not changed by a rule, it is the
|
|
name of the kernel device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$links</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A space-separated list of the current symlinks. The value is
|
|
only set during a remove event or if an earlier rule assigned a value.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$root</option>, <option>%r</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The udev_root value.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$sys</option>, <option>%S</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The sysfs mount point.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$devnode</option>, <option>%N</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name of the device node.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>%%</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <literal>%</literal> character itself.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>$$</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <literal>$</literal> character itself.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1><title>Hardware Database Files</title>
|
|
<para>The hwdb files are read from the files located in the
|
|
system hwdb directory <filename>/usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d</filename>,
|
|
the volatile runtime directory <filename>/run/udev/hwdb.d</filename>
|
|
and the local administration directory <filename>/etc/udev/hwdb.d</filename>.
|
|
All hwdb files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
|
|
regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
|
|
identical filenames replace each other. Files in <filename>/etc</filename>
|
|
have the highest priority, files in <filename>/run</filename> take precedence
|
|
over files with the same name in <filename>/lib</filename>. This can be
|
|
used to override a system-supplied hwdb file with a local file if needed;
|
|
a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a hwdb file in
|
|
<filename>/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
|
disables the hwdb file entirely. hwdb files must have the extension
|
|
<filename>.hwdb</filename>; other extensions are ignored.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The hwdb file contains data records consisting of matches and
|
|
associated key-value pairs. Every record in the hwdb starts with one or
|
|
more match string, specifying a shell glob to compare the database
|
|
lookup string against. Multiple match lines are specified in additional
|
|
consecutive lines. Every match line is compared indivdually, they are
|
|
combined by OR. Every match line must start at the first character of
|
|
the line.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The match lines are followed by one or more key-value pair lines, which
|
|
are recognized by a leading space character. The key name and value are separated
|
|
by <literal>=</literal>. An empty line signifies the end
|
|
of a record. Lines beginning with <literal>#</literal> are ignored.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The content of all hwdb files is read by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
and compiled to a binary database located at <filename>/etc/udev/hwdb.bin</filename>.
|
|
During runtime only the binary database is used.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1><title>Network Link Configuration</title>
|
|
<para>Network link configuration is performed by the <literal>net_setup_link</literal>
|
|
udev builtin.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The link files are read from the files located in the
|
|
system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
|
|
the volatile runtime network directory <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename>
|
|
and the local administration network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
|
|
Link files must have the extension <filename>.link</filename>; other extensions are ignored.
|
|
All link files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
|
|
regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
|
|
identical filenames replace each other. Files in <filename>/etc</filename>
|
|
have the highest priority, files in <filename>/run</filename> take precedence
|
|
over files with the same name in <filename>/lib</filename>. This can be
|
|
used to override a system-supplied link file with a local file if needed;
|
|
a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a link file in
|
|
<filename>/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
|
disables the link file entirely.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The link file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section, which
|
|
determines if a given link file may be applied to a given device; and a
|
|
<literal>[Link]</literal> section specifying how the device should be
|
|
configured. The first (in lexical order) of the link files that matches
|
|
a given device is applied.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A link file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
|
|
<literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
|
|
The following keys are accepted:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='network-directives'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MACAddress</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The hardware address.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Path</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Driver</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The driver currently bound to the device, as exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Type</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <literal>[Link]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='network-directives'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Description</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A description of the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Alias</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <literal>ifalias</literal> is set to this value.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MACAddressPolicy</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The policy by which the MAC address should be set. The available policies are:</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>persistent</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If the hardware has a persistent MAC address, as most hardware should, and this is used by
|
|
the kernel, nothing is done. Otherwise, a new MAC address is generated which is guaranteed to be
|
|
the same on every boot for the given machine and the given device, but which is otherwise random.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>random</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If the kernel is using a random MAC address, nothing is done. Otherwise, a new address is
|
|
randomly generated each time the device appears, typically at boot.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MACAddress</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The MAC address to use, if no <literal>MACAddressPolicy</literal> is specified.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NamePolicy</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>An ordered, space-separated list of policies by which the interface name should be set.
|
|
<literal>NamePolicy</literal> may be disabeld by specifying <literal>net.ifnames=0</literal> on the
|
|
kernel commandline. Each of the policies may fail, and the first successfull one is used. The name
|
|
is not set directly, but exported to udev as the property <literal>ID_NET_NAME</literal>, which is
|
|
by default used by an udev rule to set <literal>NAME</literal>. The available policies are:</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>onboard</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name is set based on information given by the firmware for on-board devices, as
|
|
exported by the udev property <literal>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>slot</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name is set based on information given by the firmware for hot-plug devices, as
|
|
exported by the udev property <literal>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>path</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name is set based on the device's physical location, as exported by the udev
|
|
property <literal>ID_NET_NAME_PATH</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>mac</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The name is set based on the device's persistent MAC address, as exported by the udev
|
|
property <literal>ID_NET_NAME_MAC</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Name</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The interface name to use in case all the policies specified in <literal>NamePolicy</literal>
|
|
fail, or in case <literal>NamePolicy</literal> is missing or disabled.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MTU</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The MTU to set for the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SpeedMBytes</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The speed to set for the device.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Duplex</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The duplex mode to set for the device. The accepted values are <literal>half</literal> and
|
|
<literal>full</literal>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>WakeOnLan</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The Wake-On-Lan policy to set for the device. The supported values are:</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>phy</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Wake on PHY activity.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>magic</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Wake on receipt of magic packet.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>off</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Never wake.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry></para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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