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606 lines
26 KiB
XML
606 lines
26 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="busctl"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>busctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>busctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>busctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Introspect the bus</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>busctl</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">COMMAND</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>busctl</command> may be used to
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introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Commands</title>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>list</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all peers on the bus, by their service
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names. By default, shows both unique and well-known names, but
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this may be changed with the <option>--unique</option> and
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<option>--acquired</option> switches. This is the default
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operation if no command is specified.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>status</command> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Show process information and credentials of a
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bus service (if one is specified by its unique or well-known
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name), a process (if one is specified by its numeric PID), or
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the owner of the bus (if no parameter is
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specified).</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>monitor</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Dump messages being exchanged. If
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<replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified, show messages
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to or from this peer, identified by its well-known or unique
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name. Otherwise, show all messages on the bus. Use
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<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>
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to terminate the dump.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>capture</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <command>monitor</command> but
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writes the output in pcapng format (for details, see
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<ulink url="https://github.com/pcapng/pcapng/">
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PCAP Next Generation (pcapng) Capture File Format</ulink>).
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Make sure to redirect standard output to a file or pipe. Tools like
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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may be used to dissect and view the resulting
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files.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>tree</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Shows an object tree of one or more
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services. If <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified,
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show object tree of the specified services only. Otherwise,
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show all object trees of all services on the bus that acquired
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at least one well-known name.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>introspect</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Show interfaces, methods, properties and
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signals of the specified object (identified by its path) on
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the specified service. If the interface argument is passed, the
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output is limited to members of the specified
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interface.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>call</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>METHOD</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke a method and show the response. Takes a
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service name, object path, interface name and method name. If
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parameters shall be passed to the method call, a signature
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string is required, followed by the arguments, individually
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formatted as strings. For details on the formatting used, see
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below. To suppress output of the returned data, use the
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<option>--quiet</option> option.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>emit</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SIGNAL</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Emit a signal. Takes an object path, interface name and method name. If parameters
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shall be passed, a signature string is required, followed by the arguments, individually formatted as
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strings. For details on the formatting used, see below. To specify the destination of the signal,
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use the <option>--destination=</option> option.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v242"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>get-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Retrieve the current value of one or more
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object properties. Takes a service name, object path,
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interface name and property name. Multiple properties may be
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specified at once, in which case their values will be shown one
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after the other, separated by newlines. The output is, by
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default, in terse format. Use <option>--verbose</option> for a
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more elaborate output format.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>set-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Set the current value of an object
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property. Takes a service name, object path, interface name,
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property name, property signature, followed by a list of
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parameters formatted as strings.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>help</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show command syntax help.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--address=<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Connect to the bus specified by
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<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable> instead of using suitable
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defaults for either the system or user bus (see
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<option>--system</option> and <option>--user</option>
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options).</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--show-machine</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show a
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column containing the names of containers they belong to.
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See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unique</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
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"unique" names (of the form
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<literal>:<replaceable>number</replaceable>.<replaceable>number</replaceable></literal>).
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--acquired</option></term>
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<listitem><para>The opposite of <option>--unique</option> —
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only "well-known" names will be shown.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--activatable</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
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peers which have actually not been activated yet, but may be
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started automatically if accessed.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--match=<replaceable>MATCH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing messages being exchanged, show only the
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subset matching <replaceable>MATCH</replaceable>.
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See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--size=</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>capture</command> command,
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specifies the maximum bus message size to capture
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("snaplen"). Defaults to 4096 bytes.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--list</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>tree</command> command, shows a
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flat list of object paths instead of a tree.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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suppresses display of the response message payload. Note that even
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if this option is specified, errors returned will still be
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printed and the tool will indicate success or failure with
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the process exit code.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> or
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<command>get-property</command> command, shows output in a
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more verbose format.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--xml-interface</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>introspect</command> call, dump the XML description received from
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the D-Bus <constant>org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect</constant> call instead of the
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normal output.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v243"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--json=<replaceable>MODE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> or <command>get-property</command> command, shows output
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formatted as JSON. Expects one of <literal>short</literal> (for the shortest possible output without any
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redundant whitespace or line breaks) or <literal>pretty</literal> (for a pretty version of the same, with
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indentation and line breaks). Note that transformation from D-Bus marshalling to JSON is done in a loss-less
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way, which means type information is embedded into the JSON object tree.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-j</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Equivalent to <option>--json=pretty</option> when invoked interactively from a terminal. Otherwise
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equivalent to <option>--json=short</option>, in particular when the output is piped to some other
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program.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--expect-reply=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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specifies whether <command>busctl</command> shall wait for
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completion of the method call, output the returned method
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response data, and return success or failure via the process
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exit code. If this is set to <literal>no</literal>, the
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method call will be issued but no response is expected, the
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tool terminates immediately, and thus no response can be
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shown, and no success or failure is returned via the exit
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code. To only suppress output of the reply message payload,
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use <option>--quiet</option> above. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--auto-start=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> or <command>emit</command> command, specifies
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whether the method call should implicitly activate the
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called service, should it not be running yet but is
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configured to be auto-started. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--allow-interactive-authorization=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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specifies whether the services may enforce interactive
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authorization while executing the operation, if the security
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policy is configured for this. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--timeout=<replaceable>SECS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command, specifies the maximum time to wait for
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method call completion. When used with the <command>monitor</command> command, since version v257,
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specifies the maximum time to wait for messages before automatically exiting. If no time unit is
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specified, assumes seconds. The usual other units are understood, too (ms, us, s, min, h, d, w,
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month, y). Note that this timeout does not apply if <option>--expect-reply=no</option> is used,
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when combined with the <command>call</command> command, as the tool does not wait for any reply
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message then. When not specified or when set to 0, the default of <literal>25s</literal> is
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assumed for the <command>call</command> command, and it is disabled for the
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<command>monitor</command> command.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--num-matches=<replaceable>NUMBER</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>monitor</command> command, if enabled will make
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<command>busctl</command> exit when the specified number of messages have been received and
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printed. This is useful in combination with <option>--match=</option>, to wait for the specified
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number of occurrences of specific D-Bus messages.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--augment-creds=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Controls whether credential data reported by
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<command>list</command> or <command>status</command> shall
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be augmented with data from
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<filename>/proc/</filename>. When this is turned on, the data
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shown is possibly inconsistent, as the data read from
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<filename>/proc/</filename> might be more recent than the rest of
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the credential information. Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--watch-bind=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Controls whether to wait for the specified <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> bus socket to appear in the
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file system before connecting to it. Defaults to off. When enabled, the tool will watch the file system until
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the socket is created and then connect to it.</para>
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|
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v237"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--destination=<replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Takes a service name. When used with the <command>emit</command> command, a signal is
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emitted to the specified service.</para>
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|
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v242"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="capsule" />
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-l</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--full</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do not ellipsize the output in <command>list</command> command.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Parameter Formatting</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <command>call</command> and
|
|
<command>set-property</command> commands take a signature string
|
|
followed by a list of parameters formatted as string (for details
|
|
on D-Bus signature strings, see the <ulink
|
|
url="https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#type-system">Type
|
|
system chapter of the D-Bus specification</ulink>). For simple
|
|
types, each parameter following the signature should simply be the
|
|
parameter's value formatted as string. Positive boolean values may
|
|
be formatted as <literal>true</literal>, <literal>yes</literal>,
|
|
<literal>on</literal>, or <literal>1</literal>; negative boolean
|
|
values may be specified as <literal>false</literal>,
|
|
<literal>no</literal>, <literal>off</literal>, or
|
|
<literal>0</literal>. For arrays, a numeric argument for the
|
|
number of entries followed by the entries shall be specified. For
|
|
variants, the signature of the contents shall be specified,
|
|
followed by the contents. For dictionaries and structs, the
|
|
contents of them shall be directly specified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example,
|
|
<programlisting>s jawoll</programlisting> is the formatting
|
|
of a single string <literal>jawoll</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<programlisting>as 3 hello world foobar</programlisting>
|
|
is the formatting of a string array with three entries,
|
|
<literal>hello</literal>, <literal>world</literal> and
|
|
<literal>foobar</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<programlisting>a{sv} 3 One s Eins Two u 2 Yes b true</programlisting>
|
|
is the formatting of a dictionary
|
|
array that maps strings to variants, consisting of three
|
|
entries. The string <literal>One</literal> is assigned the
|
|
string <literal>Eins</literal>. The string
|
|
<literal>Two</literal> is assigned the 32-bit unsigned
|
|
integer 2. The string <literal>Yes</literal> is assigned a
|
|
positive boolean.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the <command>call</command>,
|
|
<command>get-property</command>, <command>introspect</command>
|
|
commands will also generate output in this format for the returned
|
|
data. Since this format is sometimes too terse to be easily
|
|
understood, the <command>call</command> and
|
|
<command>get-property</command> commands may generate a more
|
|
verbose, multi-line output when passed the
|
|
<option>--verbose</option> option.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Write and Read a Property</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following two commands first write a property and then
|
|
read it back. The property is found on the
|
|
<literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object of the
|
|
<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal> service. The name of
|
|
the property is <literal>LogLevel</literal> on the
|
|
<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
|
|
interface. The property contains a single string:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug
|
|
# busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel
|
|
s "debug"</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Terse and Verbose Output</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following two commands read a property that contains
|
|
an array of strings, and first show it in terse format, followed
|
|
by verbose format:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
|
|
as 2 "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
|
|
$ busctl get-property --verbose org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
|
|
ARRAY "s" {
|
|
STRING "LANG=en_US.UTF-8";
|
|
STRING "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin";
|
|
};</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Invoking a Method</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following command invokes the
|
|
<literal>StartUnit</literal> method on the
|
|
<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
|
|
interface of the
|
|
<literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object
|
|
of the <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal>
|
|
service, and passes it two strings
|
|
<literal>cups.service</literal> and
|
|
<literal>replace</literal>. As a result of the method
|
|
call, a single object path parameter is received and
|
|
shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># busctl call org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager StartUnit ss "cups.service" "replace"
|
|
o "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/42684"</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='dbus'><refentrytitle>dbus-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus">D-Bus</ulink></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>varlinkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|