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460 lines
19 KiB
XML
460 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-run"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-run</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-run</refname>
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<refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service or timer units</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and
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start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or
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<filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified
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<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be used to
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create and start transient <filename>.timer</filename>
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units.</para>
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<para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be
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started and managed by the service manager like any other service,
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and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl
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list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean
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and detached execution environment, with the service manager as
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its parent process. In this mode, <command>systemd-run</command>
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will start the service asynchronously in the background and return
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after the command has begun execution.</para>
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<para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be
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started by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as parent process
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and will thus inherit the execution environment of the
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caller. However, the processes of the command are managed by the
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service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in
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the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command>. Execution
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in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command
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finishes. This mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option>
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switch (see below). </para>
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<para>If a command is run with timer options such as
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<option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), a transient timer
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unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified
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command. Only the transient timer unit is started immediately, the
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transient service unit will be started when the transient timer
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elapses. If the <option>--unit=</option> is specified, the
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<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case,
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<command>systemd-run</command> only creates a
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<filename>.timer</filename> unit that invokes the specified unit
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when elapsing.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for
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privileged operations.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--scope</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of
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the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unit=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically
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generated one.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--property=</option></term>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets a unit property for the scope or service
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unit that is created. This takes an assignment in the same
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format as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<command>set-property</command> command.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--description=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Provide a description for the service or scope
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unit. If not specified, the command itself will be used as a
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description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--slice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or
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<filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice,
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instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term>
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<listitem><para>After the service or scope process has
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terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly
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stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about
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the service after it finished running. Also see
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<varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--send-sighup</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit,
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send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to
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indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the
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connection has been severed. Also see
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<varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--service-type=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see
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<varname>Type=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
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option has no effect in conjunction with
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<option>--scope</option>. Defaults to
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<constant>simple</constant>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--uid=</option></term>
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<term><option>--gid=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process under the UNIX user
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and group. Also see <varname>User=</varname> and
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<varname>Group=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified
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nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set.
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Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--pty</option></term>
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<term><option>-t</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When invoking a command, the service connects
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its standard input and output to the invoking tty via a
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pseudo TTY device. This allows invoking binaries as services
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that expect interactive user input, such as interactive
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command shells.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output
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while running. This is particularly useful in combination with
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<option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial
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message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--on-active=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-boot=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-startup=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Defines monotonic timers relative to different
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starting points. Also see <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>,
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<varname>OnBootSec=</varname>,
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<varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>,
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<varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and
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<varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
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options have no effect in conjunction with
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<option>--scope</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with
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calendar event expressions. Also see
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<varname>OnCalendar=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
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option has no effect in conjunction with
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<option>--scope</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--timer-property=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets a timer unit property for the timer unit
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that is created. It is similar with
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<option>--property</option> but only for created timer
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unit. This option only has effect in conjunction with
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<option>--on-active=</option>, <option>--on-boot=</option>,
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<option>--on-startup=</option>,
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<option>--on-unit-active=</option>,
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<option>--on-unit-inactive=</option>,
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<option>--on-calendar=</option>. This takes an assignment in
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the same format as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-block</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
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to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
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verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will
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wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this
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argument, it is only verified and enqueued.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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<para>All command line arguments after the first non-option
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argument become part of the command line of the launched
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process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument
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needs to be an absolute binary path.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
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code otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title>
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<programlisting># systemd-run env
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Running as unit: run-19945.service
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# journalctl -u run-19945.service
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Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
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Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
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Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Limiting resources available to a command</title>
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<programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting>
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<para>This command invokes the
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname>
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property.</para>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Running commands at a specified time</title>
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<para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para>
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<programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo
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Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014
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Running as unit: run-71.timer
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Will run service as unit: run-71.service
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# journalctl -b -u run-71.timer
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-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
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Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
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Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
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# journalctl -b -u run-71.service
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-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
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Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo...
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Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Allowing access to the tty</title>
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<para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> as a service
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passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para>
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<programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen
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Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope.
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$ screen -ls
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There is a screen on:
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492..laptop (Detached)
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1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima.
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</programlisting>
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<para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the
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<command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by
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<filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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unit is used instead of a
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal,
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and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command>
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as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope.
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If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs
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out of that session.</para>
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<para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically
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when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one
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login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session,
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<filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it
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are terminated. This behaviour is the default, when "lingering" is
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not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that
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<filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during
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boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is
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not terminated when the user logs out.</para>
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<para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in,
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for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out,
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even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can
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enable lingering for themselves:</para>
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<programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
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|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|