mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
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3799fa803e
We already have Subvolumes= to create subvolumes, let's add DefaultSubvolume= as well to set the default subvolume.
1003 lines
53 KiB
XML
1003 lines
53 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="repart.d" conditional='ENABLE_REPART'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>repart.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>repart.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>repart.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Partition Definition Files for Automatic Boot-Time Repartitioning</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><simplelist>
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<member><filename>/etc/repart.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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<member><filename>/run/repart.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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<member><filename>/usr/lib/repart.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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</simplelist></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><filename>repart.d/*.conf</filename> files describe basic properties of partitions of block
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devices of the local system. They may be used to declare types, names and sizes of partitions that shall
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exist. The
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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service reads these files and attempts to add new partitions currently missing and enlarge existing
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partitions according to these definitions. Operation is generally incremental, i.e. when applied, what
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exists already is left intact, and partitions are never shrunk, moved or deleted.</para>
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<para>These definition files are useful for implementing operating system images that are prepared and
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delivered with minimally sized images (for example lacking any state or swap partitions), and which on
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first boot automatically take possession of any remaining disk space following a few basic rules.</para>
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<para>Currently, support for partition definition files is only implemented for GPT partition
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tables.</para>
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<para>Partition files are generally matched against any partitions already existing on disk in a simple
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algorithm: the partition files are sorted by their filename (ignoring the directory prefix), and then
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compared in order against existing partitions matching the same partition type UUID. Specifically, the
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first existing partition with a specific partition type UUID is assigned the first definition file with
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the same partition type UUID, and the second existing partition with a specific type UUID the second
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partition file with the same type UUID, and so on. Any left-over partition files that have no matching
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existing partition are assumed to define new partition that shall be created. Such partitions are
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appended to the end of the partition table, in the order defined by their names utilizing the first
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partition slot greater than the highest slot number currently in use. Any existing partitions that have
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no matching partition file are left as they are.</para>
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<para>Note that these definitions may only be used to create and initialize new partitions or to grow
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existing ones. In the latter case it will not grow the contained files systems however; separate
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mechanisms, such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-growfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> may be
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used to grow the file systems inside of these partitions. Partitions may also be marked for automatic
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growing via the <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> setting, in which case the file system is grown on
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first mount by tools that respect this flag. See below for details.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>[Partition] Section Options</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>The GPT partition type UUID to match. This may be a GPT partition type UUID such as
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<constant>4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709</constant>, or an identifier.
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Architecture specific partition types can use one of these architecture identifiers:
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<constant>alpha</constant>, <constant>arc</constant>, <constant>arm</constant> (32-bit),
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<constant>arm64</constant> (64-bit, aka aarch64), <constant>ia64</constant>,
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<constant>loongarch64</constant>, <constant>mips-le</constant>, <constant>mips64-le</constant>,
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<constant>parisc</constant>, <constant>ppc</constant>, <constant>ppc64</constant>,
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<constant>ppc64-le</constant>, <constant>riscv32</constant>, <constant>riscv64</constant>,
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<constant>s390</constant>, <constant>s390x</constant>, <constant>tilegx</constant>,
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<constant>x86</constant> (32-bit, aka i386) and <constant>x86-64</constant> (64-bit, aka amd64).
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</para>
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<para>The supported identifiers are:</para>
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<table>
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<title>GPT partition type identifiers</title>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="name" />
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<colspec colname="explanation" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Identifier</entry>
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<entry>Explanation</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>esp</constant></entry>
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<entry>EFI System Partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>xbootldr</constant></entry>
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<entry>Extended Boot Loader Partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>swap</constant></entry>
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<entry>Swap partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>home</constant></entry>
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<entry>Home (<filename>/home/</filename>) partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>srv</constant></entry>
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<entry>Server data (<filename>/srv/</filename>) partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>var</constant></entry>
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<entry>Variable data (<filename>/var/</filename>) partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>tmp</constant></entry>
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<entry>Temporary data (<filename>/var/tmp/</filename>) partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>linux-generic</constant></entry>
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<entry>Generic Linux file system partition</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root</constant></entry>
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<entry>Root file system partition type appropriate for the local architecture (an alias for an architecture root file system partition type listed below, e.g. <constant>root-x86-64</constant>)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the root file system partition for the local architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition for the local architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-secondary</constant></entry>
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<entry>Root file system partition of the secondary architecture of the local architecture (usually the matching 32-bit architecture for the local 64-bit architecture)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-secondary-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the root file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-secondary-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-{arch}</constant></entry>
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<entry>Root file system partition of the given architecture (such as <constant>root-x86-64</constant> or <constant>root-riscv64</constant>)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-{arch}-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the root file system partition of the given architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>root-{arch}-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the root file system partition of the given architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr</constant></entry>
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<entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition type appropriate for the local architecture (an alias for an architecture <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition type listed below, e.g. <constant>usr-x86-64</constant>)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition for the local architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition for the local architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-secondary</constant></entry>
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<entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture of the local architecture (usually the matching 32-bit architecture for the local 64-bit architecture)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-secondary-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-secondary-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the secondary architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-{arch}</constant></entry>
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<entry><filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-{arch}-verity</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>usr-{arch}-verity-sig</constant></entry>
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<entry>Verity signature data for the <filename>/usr/</filename> file system partition of the given architecture</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>This setting defaults to <constant>linux-generic</constant>.</para>
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<para>Most of the partition type UUIDs listed above are defined in the <ulink
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url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
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Specification</ulink>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>The textual label to assign to the partition if none is assigned yet. Note that this
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setting is not used for matching. It is also not used when a label is already set for an existing
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partition. It is thus only used when a partition is newly created or when an existing one had a no
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label set (that is: an empty label). If not specified a label derived from the partition type is
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automatically used. Simple specifier expansion is supported, see below.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>UUID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>The UUID to assign to the partition if none is assigned yet. Note that this
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setting is not used for matching. It is also not used when a UUID is already set for an existing
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partition. It is thus only used when a partition is newly created or when an existing one had a
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all-zero UUID set. If set to <literal>null</literal>, the UUID is set to all zeroes. If not specified
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a UUID derived from the partition type is automatically used.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A numeric priority to assign to this partition, in the range -2147483648…2147483647,
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with smaller values indicating higher priority, and higher values indicating smaller priority. This
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priority is used in case the configured size constraints on the defined partitions do not permit
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fitting all partitions onto the available disk space. If the partitions do not fit, the highest
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numeric partition priority of all defined partitions is determined, and all defined partitions with
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this priority are removed from the list of new partitions to create (which may be multiple, if the
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same priority is used for multiple partitions). The fitting algorithm is then tried again. If the
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partitions still do not fit, the now highest numeric partition priority is determined, and the
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matching partitions removed too, and so on. Partitions of a priority of 0 or lower are never
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removed. If all partitions with a priority above 0 are removed and the partitions still do not fit on
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the device the operation fails. Note that this priority has no effect on ordering partitions, for
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that use the alphabetical order of the filenames of the partition definition files. Defaults to
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0.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Weight=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A numeric weight to assign to this partition in the range 0…1000000. Available disk
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space is assigned the defined partitions according to their relative weights (subject to the size
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constraints configured with <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname>, <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>), so
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that a partition with weight 2000 gets double the space as one with weight 1000, and a partition with
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weight 333 a third of that. Defaults to 1000.</para>
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<para>The <varname>Weight=</varname> setting is used to distribute available disk space in an
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"elastic" fashion, based on the disk size and existing partitions. If a partition shall have a fixed
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size use both <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> and <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> with the same
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value in order to fixate the size to one value, in which case the weight has no
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effect.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PaddingWeight=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <varname>Weight=</varname>, but sets a weight for the free space after the
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partition (the "padding"). When distributing available space the weights of all partitions and all
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defined padding is summed, and then each partition and padding gets the fraction defined by its
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weight. Defaults to 0, i.e. by default no padding is applied.</para>
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<para>Padding is useful if empty space shall be left for later additions or a safety margin at the
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end of the device or between partitions.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes. Takes the usual K, M, G, T,
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… suffixes (to the base of 1024). If <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> is specified the partition is
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created at or grown to at least the specified size. If <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> is specified
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the partition is created at or grown to at most the specified size. The precise size is determined
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through the weight value configured with <varname>Weight=</varname>, see above. When
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<varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> is set equal to <varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname> the configured
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weight has no effect as the partition is explicitly sized to the specified fixed value. Note that
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partitions are never created smaller than 4096 bytes, and since partitions are never shrunk the
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previous size of the partition (in case the partition already exists) is also enforced as lower bound
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for the new size. The values should be specified as multiples of 4096 bytes, and are rounded upwards
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(in case of <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname>) or downwards (in case of
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<varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>) otherwise. If the backing device does not provide enough space to
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fulfill the constraints placing the partition will fail. For partitions that shall be created,
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depending on the setting of <varname>Priority=</varname> (see above) the partition might be dropped
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and the placing algorithm restarted. By default a minimum size constraint of 10M and no maximum size
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constraint is set.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PaddingMinBytes=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>PaddingMaxBytes=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes for the free space after the
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partition (the "padding"). Semantics are similar to <varname>SizeMinBytes=</varname> and
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<varname>SizeMaxBytes=</varname>, except that unlike partition sizes free space can be shrunk and can
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be as small as zero. By default no size constraints on padding are set, so that only
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<varname>PaddingWeight=</varname> determines the size of the padding applied.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CopyBlocks=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a path to a regular file, block device node or directory, or the special value
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<literal>auto</literal>. If specified and the partition is newly created, the data from the specified
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path is written to the newly created partition, on the block level. If a directory is specified, the
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backing block device of the file system the directory is on is determined, and the data read directly
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from that. This option is useful to efficiently replicate existing file systems onto new partitions
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on the block level — for example to build a simple OS installer or an OS image builder.</para>
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<para>If the special value <literal>auto</literal> is specified, the source to copy from is
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automatically picked up from the running system (or the image specified with
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<option>--image=</option> — if used). A partition that matches both the configured partition type (as
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declared with <varname>Type=</varname> described above), and the currently mounted directory
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appropriate for that partition type is determined. For example, if the partition type is set to
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<literal>root</literal> the partition backing the root directory (<filename>/</filename>) is used as
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source to copy from — if its partition type is set to <literal>root</literal> as well. If the
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declared type is <literal>usr</literal> the partition backing <filename>/usr/</filename> is used as
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source to copy blocks from — if its partition type is set to <literal>usr</literal> too. The logic is
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capable of automatically tracking down the backing partitions for encrypted and Verity-enabled
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volumes. <literal>CopyBlocks=auto</literal> is useful for implementing "self-replicating" systems,
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i.e. systems that are their own installer.</para>
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<para>The file specified here must have a size that is a multiple of the basic block size 512 and not
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be empty. If this option is used, the size allocation algorithm is slightly altered: the partition is
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created at least as big as required to fit the data in, i.e. the data size is an additional minimum
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size value taken into consideration for the allocation algorithm, similar to and in addition to the
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<varname>SizeMin=</varname> value configured above.</para>
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<para>This option has no effect if the partition it is declared for already exists, i.e. existing
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data is never overwritten. Note that the data is copied in before the partition table is updated,
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i.e. before the partition actually is persistently created. This provides robustness: it is
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guaranteed that the partition either doesn't exist or exists fully populated; it is not possible that
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the partition exists but is not or only partially populated.</para>
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<para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>Format=</varname> or
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<varname>CopyFiles=</varname>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Format=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a file system name, such as <literal>ext4</literal>, <literal>btrfs</literal>,
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<literal>xfs</literal>, <literal>vfat</literal>, <literal>erofs</literal>,
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<literal>squashfs</literal> or the special value <literal>swap</literal>. If specified and the partition
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is newly created it is formatted with the specified file system (or as swap device). The file system
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UUID and label are automatically derived from the partition UUID and label. If this option is used,
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the size allocation algorithm is slightly altered: the partition is created at least as big as
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required for the minimal file system of the specified type (or 4KiB if the minimal size is not
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known).</para>
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|
|
<para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Similarly to the behaviour of <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>, the file system is formatted
|
|
before the partition is created, ensuring that the partition only ever exists with a fully
|
|
initialized file system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>CopyFiles=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a pair of colon separated absolute file system paths. The first path refers to
|
|
a source file or directory on the host, the second path refers to a target in the file system of the
|
|
newly created partition and formatted file system. This setting may be used to copy files or
|
|
directories from the host into the file system that is created due to the <varname>Format=</varname>
|
|
option. If <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> is used without <varname>Format=</varname> specified
|
|
explicitly, <literal>Format=</literal> with a suitable default is implied (currently
|
|
<literal>vfat</literal> for <literal>ESP</literal> and <literal>XBOOTLDR</literal> partitions, and
|
|
<literal>ext4</literal> otherwise, but this may change in the future). This option may be used
|
|
multiple times to copy multiple files or directories from host into the newly formatted file system.
|
|
The colon and second path may be omitted in which case the source path is also used as the target
|
|
path (relative to the root of the newly created file system). If the source path refers to a
|
|
directory it is copied recursively.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists: it cannot be used to copy additional
|
|
files into an existing partition, it may only be used to populate a file system created anew.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The copy operation is executed before the file system is registered in the partition table,
|
|
thus ensuring that a file system populated this way only ever exists fully initialized.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> will skip copying files that aren't supported by the
|
|
target filesystem (e.g symlinks, fifos, sockets and devices on vfat). When an unsupported file type
|
|
is encountered, <command>systemd-repart</command> will skip copying this file and write a log message
|
|
about it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that <command>systemd-repart</command> does not change the UIDs/GIDs of any copied files
|
|
and directories. When running <command>systemd-repart</command> as an unprivileged user to build an
|
|
image of files and directories owned by the same user, you can run <command>systemd-repart</command>
|
|
in a user namespace with the current user mapped to the root user to make sure the files and
|
|
directories in the image are owned by the root user.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that when populating XFS filesystems with <command>systemd-repart</command> and loop
|
|
devices are not available, populating XFS filesystems with files containing spaces, tabs or newlines
|
|
might fail on old versions of
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkfs.xfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
due to limitations of its protofile format.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that when populating XFS filesystems with <command>systemd-repart</command> and loop
|
|
devices are not available, extended attributes will not be copied into generated XFS filesystems
|
|
due to limitations <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkfs.xfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
protofile format.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option cannot be combined with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is
|
|
invoked with the <option>--copy-source=</option> command line switch the file paths are taken
|
|
relative to the specified directory. If <option>--copy-source=</option> is not used, but the
|
|
<option>--image=</option> or <option>--root=</option> switches are used, the source paths are taken
|
|
relative to the specified root directory or disk image root.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ExcludeFiles=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ExcludeFilesTarget=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes an absolute file system path referring to a source file or directory on the
|
|
host. This setting may be used to exclude files or directories from the host from being copied into
|
|
the file system when <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> is used. This option may be used multiple times to
|
|
exclude multiple files or directories from host from being copied into the newly formatted file
|
|
system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the path is a directory and ends with <literal>/</literal>, only the directory's
|
|
contents are excluded but not the directory itself. If the path is a directory and does not end with
|
|
<literal>/</literal>, both the directory and its contents are excluded.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><varname>ExcludeFilesTarget=</varname> is like <varname>ExcludeFiles=</varname> except that
|
|
instead of excluding the path on the host from being copied into the partition, we exclude any files
|
|
and directories from being copied into the given path in the partition.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
is invoked with the <option>--image=</option> or <option>--root=</option> command line switches the
|
|
paths specified are taken relative to the specified root directory or disk image root.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MakeDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace, each declaring a directory
|
|
to create within the new file system. Behaviour is similar to <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>, but
|
|
instead of copying in a set of files this just creates the specified directories with the default
|
|
mode of 0755 owned by the root user and group, plus all their parent directories (with the same
|
|
ownership and access mode). To configure directories with different ownership or access mode, use
|
|
<varname>CopyFiles=</varname> and specify a source tree to copy containing appropriately
|
|
owned/configured directories. This option may be used more than once to create multiple
|
|
directories. When <varname>CopyFiles=</varname> and <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname> are used
|
|
together the former is applied first. If a directory listed already exists no operation is executed
|
|
(in particular, the ownership/access mode of the directories is left as is).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The primary use case for this option is to create a minimal set of directories that may be
|
|
mounted over by other partitions contained in the same disk image. For example, a disk image where
|
|
the root file system is formatted at first boot might want to automatically pre-create
|
|
<filename>/usr/</filename> in it this way, so that the <literal>usr</literal> partition may
|
|
over-mount it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Consider using
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
with its <option>--image=</option> option to pre-create other, more complex directory hierarchies (as
|
|
well as other inodes) with fine-grained control of ownership, access modes and other file
|
|
attributes.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Subvolumes=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace, each declaring a directory
|
|
that should be a subvolume within the new file system. This option may be used more than once to
|
|
specify multiple directories. Note that this setting does not create the directories themselves, that
|
|
can be configured with <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname> and <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that this option only takes effect if the target filesystem supports subvolumes, such as
|
|
<literal>btrfs</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that due to limitations of <literal>mkfs.btrfs</literal>, this option is only supported
|
|
when running with <option>--offline=no</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>DefaultSubvolume=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes an absolute path specifying the default subvolume within the new filesystem.
|
|
Note that this setting does not create the subvolume itself, that can be configured with
|
|
<varname>Subvolumes=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that this option only takes effect if the target filesystem supports subvolumes, such as
|
|
<literal>btrfs</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that due to limitations of <literal>mkfs.btrfs</literal>, this option is only supported
|
|
when running with <option>--offline=no</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Encrypt=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>key-file</literal>,
|
|
<literal>tpm2</literal> and <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> (alternatively, also accepts a boolean
|
|
value, which is mapped to <literal>off</literal> when false, and <literal>key-file</literal> when
|
|
true). Defaults to <literal>off</literal>. If not <literal>off</literal> the partition will be
|
|
formatted with a LUKS2 superblock, before the blocks configured with <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>
|
|
are copied in or the file system configured with <varname>Format=</varname> is created.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The LUKS2 UUID is automatically derived from the partition UUID in a stable fashion. If
|
|
<literal>key-file</literal> or <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> is used, a key is added to the LUKS2
|
|
superblock, configurable with the <option>--key-file=</option> option to
|
|
<command>systemd-repart</command>. If <literal>tpm2</literal> or <literal>key-file+tpm2</literal> is
|
|
used, a key is added to the LUKS2 superblock that is enrolled to the local TPM2 chip, as configured
|
|
with the <option>--tpm2-device=</option> and <option>--tpm2-pcrs=</option> options to
|
|
<command>systemd-repart</command>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When used this slightly alters the size allocation logic as the implicit, minimal size limits
|
|
of <varname>Format=</varname> and <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname> are increased by the space necessary
|
|
for the LUKS2 superblock (see above).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Verity=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>data</literal>,
|
|
<literal>hash</literal> or <literal>signature</literal>. Defaults to <literal>off</literal>. If set
|
|
to <literal>off</literal> or <literal>data</literal>, the partition is populated with content as
|
|
specified by <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname> or <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. If set to
|
|
<literal>hash</literal>, the partition will be populated with verity hashes from the matching verity
|
|
data partition. If set to <literal>signature</literal>, the partition will be populated with a JSON
|
|
object containing a signature of the verity root hash of the matching verity hash partition.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A matching verity partition is a partition with the same verity match key (as configured with
|
|
<varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname>).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If not explicitly configured, the data partition's UUID will be set to the first 128
|
|
bits of the verity root hash. Similarly, if not configured, the hash partition's UUID will be set to
|
|
the final 128 bits of the verity root hash. The verity root hash itself will be included in the
|
|
output of <command>systemd-repart</command>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option has no effect if the partition already exists.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Usage of this option in combination with <varname>Encrypt=</varname> is not supported.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For each unique <varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname> value, a single verity data partition
|
|
(<literal>Verity=data</literal>) and a single verity hash partition (<literal>Verity=hash</literal>)
|
|
must be defined.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>VerityMatchKey=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a short, user-chosen identifier string. This setting is used to find sibling
|
|
verity partitions for the current verity partition. See the description for
|
|
<varname>Verity=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the data block size of the generated verity hash partition. Must be between 512 and
|
|
4096 bytes and must be a power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured explicitly, or the underlying
|
|
block device sector size, or 4K if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the hash block size of the generated verity hash partition. Must be between 512 and
|
|
4096 bytes and must be a power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured explicitly, or the underlying
|
|
block device sector size, or 4K if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v255"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>FactoryReset=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified the partition is marked for removal during a
|
|
factory reset operation. This functionality is useful to implement schemes where images can be reset
|
|
into their original state by removing partitions and creating them anew. Defaults to off.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Flags=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the 64-bit GPT partition flags field to set for the partition when creating
|
|
it. This option has no effect if the partition already exists. If not specified the flags values is
|
|
set to all zeroes, except for the three bits that can also be configured via
|
|
<varname>NoAuto=</varname>, <varname>ReadOnly=</varname> and <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname>; see
|
|
below for details on the defaults for these three flags. Specify the flags value in hexadecimal (by
|
|
prefixing it with <literal>0x</literal>), binary (prefix <literal>0b</literal>) or decimal (no
|
|
prefix).</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NoAuto=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ReadOnly=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the No-Auto, Read-Only and Grow-File-System partition flags (bit 63, 60
|
|
and 59) of the partition table entry, as defined by the <ulink
|
|
url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>. Only
|
|
available for partition types supported by the specification. This option is a friendly way to set
|
|
bits 63, 60 and 59 of the partition flags value without setting any of the other bits, and may be set
|
|
via <varname>Flags=</varname> too, see above.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If <varname>Flags=</varname> is used in conjunction with one or more of
|
|
<varname>NoAuto=</varname>/<varname>ReadOnly=</varname>/<varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> the latter
|
|
control the value of the relevant flags, i.e. the high-level settings
|
|
<varname>NoAuto=</varname>/<varname>ReadOnly=</varname>/<varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> override
|
|
the relevant bits of the low-level setting <varname>Flags=</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the three flags affect only automatic partition mounting, as implemented by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
or the <option>--image=</option> option of various commands (such as
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>). It
|
|
has no effect on explicit mounts, such as those done via <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or
|
|
<citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If both bit 50 and 59 are set for a partition (i.e. the partition is marked both read-only and
|
|
marked for file system growing) the latter is typically without effect: the read-only flag takes
|
|
precedence in most tools reading these flags, and since growing the file system involves writing to
|
|
the partition it is consequently ignored.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><varname>NoAuto=</varname> defaults to off. <varname>ReadOnly=</varname> defaults to on for
|
|
Verity partition types, and off for all others. <varname>GrowFileSystem=</varname> defaults to on for
|
|
all partition types that support it, except if the partition is marked read-only (and thus
|
|
effectively, defaults to off for Verity partitions).</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SplitName=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the suffix to append to split artifacts when the <option>--split</option>
|
|
option of
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is
|
|
used. Simple specifier expansion is supported, see below. Defaults to <literal>%t</literal>. To
|
|
disable split artifact generation for a partition, set <varname>SplitName=</varname> to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Minimize=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>off</literal>, <literal>best</literal>, and
|
|
<literal>guess</literal> (alternatively, also accepts a boolean value, which is mapped to
|
|
<literal>off</literal> when false, and <literal>best</literal> when true). Defaults to
|
|
<literal>off</literal>. If set to <literal>best</literal>, the partition will have the minimal size
|
|
required to store the sources configured with <varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. <literal>best</literal>
|
|
is currently only supported for read-only filesystems. If set to <literal>guess</literal>, the
|
|
partition is created at least as big as required to store the sources configured with
|
|
<varname>CopyFiles=</varname>. Note that unless the filesystem is a read-only filesystem,
|
|
<command>systemd-repart</command> will have to populate the filesystem twice to guess the minimal
|
|
required size, so enabling this option might slow down repart when populating large partitions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MountPoint=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies where and how the partition should be mounted. Takes at least one and at
|
|
most two fields separated with a colon (<literal>:</literal>). The first field specifies where the
|
|
partition should be mounted. The second field specifies extra mount options to append to the default
|
|
mount options. These fields correspond to the second and fourth column of the
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
format. This setting may be specified multiple times to mount the partition multiple times. This can
|
|
be used to add mounts for different btrfs subvolumes located on the same btrfs partition.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that this setting is only taken into account when <option>--generate-fstab=</option> is
|
|
specified on the <command>systemd-repart</command> command line.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>EncryptedVolume=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specify how the encrypted partition should be set up. Takes at least one and at most
|
|
three fields separated with a colon (<literal>:</literal>). The first field specifies the encrypted
|
|
volume name under <filename>/dev/mapper/</filename>. If not specified, <literal>luks-UUID</literal>
|
|
will be used where <literal>UUID</literal> is the LUKS UUID. The second field specifies the keyfile
|
|
to use following the same format as specified in crypttab. The third field specifies a
|
|
comma-delimited list of crypttab options. These fields correspond to the first, third and fourth
|
|
column of the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> format.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that this setting is only taken into account when <option>--generate-crypttab=</option>
|
|
is specified on the <command>systemd-repart</command> command line.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Specifiers</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Specifiers may be used in the <varname>Label=</varname>, <varname>CopyBlocks=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>CopyFiles=</varname>, <varname>MakeDirectories=</varname>, <varname>SplitName=</varname>
|
|
settings. The following expansions are understood:</para>
|
|
<table class='specifiers'>
|
|
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
|
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
|
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
|
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
<entry>Details</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="a"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="A"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="b"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="B"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="H"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="l"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="m"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="M"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="o"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="v"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="w"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="W"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="T"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="V"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="percent"/>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<para>Additionally, for the <varname>SplitName=</varname> setting, the following specifiers are also
|
|
understood:</para>
|
|
<table class='specifiers'>
|
|
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
|
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
|
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
|
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
<entry>Details</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row id='T'>
|
|
<entry><literal>%T</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Partition Type UUID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The partition type UUID, as configured with <varname>Type=</varname></entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row id='t'>
|
|
<entry><literal>%t</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Partition Type Identifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>The partition type identifier corresponding to the partition type UUID</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row id='U'>
|
|
<entry><literal>%U</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Partition UUID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The partition UUID, as configured with <varname>UUID=</varname></entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row id='n'>
|
|
<entry><literal>%n</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Partition Number</entry>
|
|
<entry>The partition number assigned to the partition</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Extra filesystem formatting options can be provided using filesystem-specific environment variables:
|
|
<varname>$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_BTRFS</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_XFS</varname>,
|
|
<varname>$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_VFAT</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_EROFS</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_SQUASHFS</varname>. Each variable accepts valid
|
|
<command>mkfs.<replaceable>filesystem</replaceable></command> command-line arguments.
|
|
The content of those variables is passed as-is to the command, without any verification.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Grow the root partition to the full disk size at first boot</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>With the following file the root partition is automatically grown to the full disk if possible
|
|
during boot.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create a swap and home partition automatically on boot, if missing</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The home partition gets all available disk space while the swap partition gets 1G at most and 64M
|
|
at least. We set a priority > 0 on the swap partition to ensure the swap partition is not used if not
|
|
enough space is available. For every three bytes assigned to the home partition the swap partition gets
|
|
assigned one.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/60-home.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=home
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/70-swap.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=swap
|
|
SizeMinBytes=64M
|
|
SizeMaxBytes=1G
|
|
Priority=1
|
|
Weight=333
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create B partitions in an A/B Verity setup, if missing</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Let's say the vendor intends to update OS images in an A/B setup, i.e. with two root partitions
|
|
(and two matching Verity partitions) that shall be used alternatingly during upgrades. To minimize
|
|
image sizes the original image is shipped only with one root and one Verity partition (the "A" set),
|
|
and the second root and Verity partitions (the "B" set) shall be created on first boot on the free
|
|
space on the medium.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root
|
|
SizeMinBytes=512M
|
|
SizeMaxBytes=512M
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/repart.d/60-root-verity.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root-verity
|
|
SizeMinBytes=64M
|
|
SizeMaxBytes=64M
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The definitions above cover the "A" set of root partition (of a fixed 512M size) and Verity
|
|
partition for the root partition (of a fixed 64M size). Let's use symlinks to create the "B" set of
|
|
partitions, since after all they shall have the same properties and sizes as the "A" set.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># ln -s 50-root.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/70-root-b.conf
|
|
# ln -s 60-root-verity.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/80-root-verity-b.conf
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create a data partition and corresponding verity partitions from a OS tree</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Assuming we have an OS tree at <filename index='false'>/var/tmp/os-tree</filename> that we want
|
|
to package in a root partition together with matching verity partitions, we can do so as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># 50-root.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root
|
|
CopyFiles=/var/tmp/os-tree
|
|
Verity=data
|
|
VerityMatchKey=root
|
|
Minimize=guess
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># 60-root-verity.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root-verity
|
|
Verity=hash
|
|
VerityMatchKey=root
|
|
# Explicitly set the hash and data block size to 4K
|
|
VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=4096
|
|
VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=4096
|
|
Minimize=best
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># 70-root-verity-sig.conf
|
|
[Partition]
|
|
Type=root-verity-sig
|
|
Verity=signature
|
|
VerityMatchKey=root
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sfdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptenroll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|