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366 lines
16 KiB
XML
366 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="loader.conf" conditional='ENABLE_BOOTLOADER'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>loader.conf</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>loader.conf</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>loader.conf</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration file for systemd-boot</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename><replaceable>ESP</replaceable>/loader/loader.conf</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>ESP</replaceable>/loader/entries/*.conf</filename>
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<filename><replaceable>XBOOTLDR</replaceable>/loader/entries/*.conf</filename>
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</para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> will
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read <filename><replaceable>ESP</replaceable>/loader/loader.conf</filename>, and any files with the
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<literal>.conf</literal> extension under
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<filename><replaceable>ESP</replaceable>/loader/entries/</filename> on the EFI system partition (ESP),
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and <filename><replaceable>XBOOTLDR</replaceable>/loader/entries/</filename> on the extended boot loader
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partition (XBOOTLDR) as defined by <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification">Boot Loader
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Specification</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>Each of these configuration files must consist of series of newline (i.e. ASCII code 10) separated
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lines, each consisting of an option name, followed by whitespace, and the option
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value. <literal>#</literal> may be used to start a comment line. Empty and comment lines are ignored. The
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files use UTF-8 encoding.</para>
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<para>Boolean arguments may be written as
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<literal>yes</literal>/<literal>y</literal>/<literal>true</literal>/<literal>t</literal>/<literal>on</literal>/<literal>1</literal> or
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<literal>no</literal>/<literal>n</literal>/<literal>false</literal>/<literal>f</literal>/<literal>off</literal>/<literal>0</literal>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The configuration options supported by
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<filename><replaceable>ESP</replaceable>/loader/entries/*.conf</filename> and
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<filename><replaceable>XBOOTLDR</replaceable>/loader/entries/*.conf</filename> files are defined as part
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of the <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification">Boot Loader
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Specification</ulink>.</para>
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<para>The following configuration are supported by the <filename>loader.conf</filename> configuration
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file:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>default</term>
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<listitem><para>A glob pattern to select the default entry. The default entry
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may be changed in the boot menu itself, in which case the name of the
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selected entry will be stored as an EFI variable, overriding this option.
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</para>
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<para>If set to <literal>@saved</literal> the chosen entry will be saved as an EFI variable
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on every boot and automatically selected the next time the boot loader starts.</para>
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<table>
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<title>Automatically detected entries will use the following names:</title>
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<tgroup cols='2'>
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<colspec colname='name' />
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<colspec colname='expl' />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Name</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>auto-efi-default</entry>
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<entry>EFI Default Loader</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>auto-efi-shell</entry>
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<entry>EFI Shell</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>auto-osx</entry>
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<entry>macOS</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>auto-reboot-to-firmware-setup</entry>
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<entry>Reboot Into Firmware Interface</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>auto-windows</entry>
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<entry>Windows Boot Manager</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>Supported glob wildcard patterns are <literal>?</literal>, <literal>*</literal>, and
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<literal>[…]</literal> (including ranges). Note that these patterns use the same syntax as
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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but do not support all features. In particular, set negation and named character classes are not
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supported. The matching is done case-insensitively on the entry ID (as shown by <command>bootctl
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list</command>).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>timeout</term>
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<listitem><para>How long the boot menu should be shown before the default
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entry is booted, in seconds. This may be changed in the boot menu itself and
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will be stored as an EFI variable in that case, overriding this option.
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</para>
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<para>If set to <literal>menu-hidden</literal> or <literal>0</literal> (the default) no menu
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is shown and the default entry will be booted immediately. The menu can be shown
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by pressing and holding a key before systemd-boot is launched. Setting this to
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<literal>menu-force</literal> disables the timeout while always showing the menu.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>console-mode</term>
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<listitem><para>This option configures the resolution of the console. Takes a
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number or one of the special values listed below. The following values may be
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used:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>0</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Standard UEFI 80x25 mode</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>1</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>80x50 mode, not supported by all devices</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>2</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>the first non-standard mode provided by the device
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firmware, if any</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>auto</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Pick a suitable mode automatically using heuristics</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>max</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Pick the highest-numbered available mode</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>keep</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Keep the mode selected by firmware (the default)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>editor</term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Enable (the default) or disable the
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editor. The editor should be disabled if the machine can be accessed by
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unauthorized persons.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>auto-entries</term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Enable (the default) or disable
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entries for other boot entries found on the boot partition. In particular,
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this may be useful when loader entries are created to show replacement
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descriptions for those entries.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>auto-firmware</term>
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<listitem><para>A boolean controlling the presence of the "Reboot into firmware" entry
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(enabled by default). If this is disabled, the firmware interface may still be reached
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by using the <keycap>f</keycap> key.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>beep</term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If timeout enabled beep every second, otherwise beep n times when n-th entry in boot menu is selected (default disabled).
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Currently, only x86 is supported, where it uses the PC speaker.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>secure-boot-enroll</term>
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<listitem><para>Danger: this feature might soft-brick your device if used improperly.</para>
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<para>Controls enrollment of secure boot keys found on the ESP if the system is in setup mode:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>off</option></term>
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<listitem><para>No action is taken.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>manual</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Boot entries for found secure boot keys are created that allow manual
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enrollment.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>if-safe</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Same behavior as <option>manual</option>, but will try to automatically
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enroll the key <literal>auto</literal> if it is considered to be safe. Currently, this is only
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the case if the system is running inside a virtual machine.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>force</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Always enroll the <literal>auto</literal> key if found. Note that a warning
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message with a timeout will still be shown if this operation is unknown to be safe.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>The different sets of variables can be set up under
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<filename>/loader/keys/<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></filename> where
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> is the name that is going to be used as the name of the entry. This
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allows one to ship multiple sets of Secure Boot variables and choose which one to enroll at runtime.
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</para>
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<para>Supported Secure Boot variables are one database for authorized images, one for the key
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exchange key (KEK) and one for the platform key (PK). For more information, refer to the
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<ulink url="https://uefi.org/specifications">UEFI specification</ulink>, under Secure Boot and Driver
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Signing. Another resource that describe the interplay of the different variables is the
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<ulink url="https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/understanding-the-uefi-secure-boot-chain/secure_boot_chain_in_uefi/uefi_secure_boot">
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EDK2 documentation</ulink>.</para>
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<para>A complete set of UEFI variable includes <filename>db.auth</filename>, <filename>KEK.auth</filename>
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and <filename>PK.auth</filename>. Note that these files need to be authenticated UEFI variables. See
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below for an example of how to generate them from regular X.509 keys.</para>
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<programlisting>uuid=$(systemd-id128 new --uuid)
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for key in PK KEK db; do
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openssl req -new -x509 -subj "/CN=${key}/" -keyout "${key}.key" -out "${key}.crt"
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openssl x509 -outform DER -in "${key}.crt" -out "${key}.der"
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sbsiglist --owner "${uuid}" --type x509 --output "${key}.esl" "${key}.der"
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done
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for key in MicWinProPCA2011_2011-10-19.crt MicCorUEFCA2011_2011-06-27.crt MicCorKEKCA2011_2011-06-24.crt; do
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curl "https://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/certs/${key}" --output "${key}"
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sbsiglist --owner 77fa9abd-0359-4d32-bd60-28f4e78f784b --type x509 --output "${key%crt}esl" "${key}"
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done
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# Optionally add Microsoft Windows Production CA 2011 (needed to boot into Windows).
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cat MicWinProPCA2011_2011-10-19.esl >>db.esl
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# Optionally add Microsoft Corporation UEFI CA 2011 for firmware drivers / option ROMs
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# and third-party boot loaders (including shim). This is highly recommended on real
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# hardware as not including this may soft-brick your device (see next paragraph).
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cat MicCorUEFCA2011_2011-06-27.esl >>db.esl
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# Optionally add Microsoft Corporation KEK CA 2011. Recommended if either of the
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# Microsoft keys is used as the official UEFI revocation database is signed with this
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# key. The revocation database can be updated with <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fwupdmgr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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cat MicCorKEKCA2011_2011-06-24.esl >>KEK.esl
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attr=NON_VOLATILE,RUNTIME_ACCESS,BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS,TIME_BASED_AUTHENTICATED_WRITE_ACCESS
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sbvarsign --attr ${attr} --key PK.key --cert PK.crt --output PK.auth PK PK.esl
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sbvarsign --attr ${attr} --key PK.key --cert PK.crt --output KEK.auth KEK KEK.esl
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sbvarsign --attr ${attr} --key KEK.key --cert KEK.crt --output db.auth db db.esl
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</programlisting>
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<para>This feature is considered dangerous because even if all the required files are signed with the
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keys being loaded, some files necessary for the system to function properly still won't be. This
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is especially the case with Option ROMs (e.g. for storage controllers or graphics cards). See
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<ulink url="https://github.com/Foxboron/sbctl/wiki/FAQ#option-rom">Secure Boot and Option ROMs</ulink>
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for more details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>reboot-for-bitlocker</term>
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<listitem><para>Caveat: This feature is experimental, and is likely to be changed (or removed in its
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current form) in a future version of systemd.</para>
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<para>Work around BitLocker requiring a recovery key when the boot loader was
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updated (disabled by default).</para>
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<para>Try to detect BitLocker encrypted drives along with an active TPM. If both are found and
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Windows Boot Manager is selected in the boot menu, set the <literal>BootNext</literal> EFI variable
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and restart the system. The firmware will then start Windows Boot Manager directly, leaving the TPM
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PCRs in expected states so that Windows can unseal the encryption key. This allows
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> to
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be updated without having to provide the recovery key for BitLocker drive unlocking.</para>
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<para>Note that the PCRs that Windows uses can be configured with the
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<literal>Configure TPM platform validation profile for native UEFI firmware configurations</literal>
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group policy under <literal>Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\Windows Components\BitLocker Drive Encryption</literal>.
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When Secure Boot is enabled, changing this to PCRs <literal>0,2,7,11</literal> should be safe.
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The TPM key protector needs to be removed and then added back for the PCRs on an already
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encrypted drive to change. If PCR 4 is not measured, this setting can be disabled to speed
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up booting into Windows.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example</title>
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<programlisting># /boot/efi/loader/loader.conf
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timeout 0
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default 01234567890abcdef1234567890abdf0-*
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editor no
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</programlisting>
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<para>The menu will not be shown by default (the menu can still be shown by
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pressing and holding a key during boot). One of the entries with files with a
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name starting with <literal>01234567890abcdef1234567890abdf0-</literal> will be
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selected by default. If more than one entry matches, the one with the highest
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priority will be selected (generally the one with the highest version number).
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The editor will be disabled, so it is not possible to alter the kernel command
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line.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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