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249 lines
11 KiB
XML
249 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sysusers.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysusers.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysusers.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the
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files from <filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory
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to create system users and groups at package
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installation or boot time. This tool may be used to
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allocate system users and groups only, it is not
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useful for creating non-system users and groups, as it
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accesses <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing
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any more complex user databases, for example any
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database involving NIS or LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>The file format is one line per user or group
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containing name, ID, GECOS field description and home directory:</para>
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<programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
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u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
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u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
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g input - -
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m authd input
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single
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letter. The following line types are
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understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>u</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system user and group of the
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specified name should they not
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exist yet. The user's primary
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group will be set to the group
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bearing the same name. The
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user's shell will be set to
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<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>,
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the home directory to the
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specified home directory, or
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<filename>/</filename> if none
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is given. The account will be
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created disabled, so that
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logins are not
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allowed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>g</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system group of the specified
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name should it not exist
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yet. Note that
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<varname>u</varname>
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implicitly create a matching
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group. The group will be
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created with no password
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set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a user to
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a group. If the user or group
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are not existing yet, they
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will be implicitly
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or
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group name. It should be shorter than 31
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characters and avoid any non-ASCII characters,
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and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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strongly recommended to pick user and group
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names that are unlikely to clash with normal
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users created by the administrator. A good
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scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing all
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system and group names with the underscore,
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and avoiding too generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the user name to add to a
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group.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>ID</title>
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<para>For <varname>u</varname> and
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<varname>g</varname> the numeric 32bit UID or
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GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535 or
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4294967295, as they have special placeholder
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meanings. Specify <literal>-</literal> for
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automatic UID/GID allocation for the user or
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group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
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in the file system. In this case the UID/GID
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is read from the path's owner/group. This is
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useful to create users whose UID/GID match the
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owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or
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SGID binaries).</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the group name to add to
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a user to.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>GECOS</title>
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<para>A short, descriptive string for users to
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be created, enclosed in quotation marks. Note
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that this field may not contain colons.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type
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<varname>u</varname> and should otherwise be
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left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Home Directory</title>
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<para>The home directory for a new system
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user. If omitted defaults to the root
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directory. It is recommended to not
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unnecessarily specify home directories for
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system users, unless software strictly
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requires one to be set.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type
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<varname>u</varname> and should otherwise be
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left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Overriding vendor configuration</title>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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will do nothing if the specified users or groups
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already exist, so normally there no reason to override
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration,
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except to block certain users or groups from being
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created.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/sysusers.d</filename>
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override files with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/sysusers.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/sysusers.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d</filename>. The scheme is the same as for
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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except for the directory name.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a
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configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
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recommended way is to place a symlink to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/sysusers.d/</filename> bearing the
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same filename.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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