mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
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66ad93e86d
v246 is long released. Hence the new scheme should be named v247. (Interesting, how we pretty systematically for the last releases changed the scheme only every second release)
477 lines
25 KiB
XML
477 lines
25 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
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<refentry id="systemd.net-naming-scheme">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.net-naming-scheme</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.net-naming-scheme</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.net-naming-scheme</refname>
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<refpurpose>Network device naming schemes</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Network interfaces names and MAC addresses may be generated based on certain stable interface
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attributes. This is possible when there is enough information about the device to generate those
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attributes and the use of this information is configured. This page describes interface naming, i.e. what
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possible names may be generated. Those names are generated by the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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builtin <command>net_id</command> and exported as udev properties
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(<varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=</varname>, <varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=</varname>,
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<varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=</varname>, <varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=</varname>).</para>
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<para>Names and MAC addresses are derived from various stable device metadata attributes. Newer versions
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of udev take more of these attributes into account, improving (and thus possibly changing) the names and
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addresses used for the same devices. Different versions of those generation rules are called "naming
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schemes". The default naming scheme is chosen at compilation time. Usually this will be the latest
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implemented version, but it is also possible to set one of the older versions to preserve
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compatibility. This may be useful for example for distributions, which may introduce new versions of
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systemd in stable releases without changing the naming scheme. The naming scheme may also be overridden
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using the <varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname> kernel command line switch, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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Available naming schemes are described below.</para>
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<para>After the udev properties have been generated, appropriate udev rules may be used to actually rename
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devices based on those properties. See the description of <varname>NamePolicy=</varname> and
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<varname>MACAddressPolicy=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>Note that while the concept of network interface naming schemes is primarily relevant in the
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context of <filename>systemd-udevd.service</filename>, the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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container manager also takes it into account when naming network interfaces, see below.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Naming</title>
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<para>All names start with a two-character prefix that signifies the interface type.</para>
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<table>
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<title>Two character prefixes based on the type of interface</title>
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<tgroup cols='2'>
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Prefix</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>en</constant></entry>
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<entry>Ethernet</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>ib</constant></entry>
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<entry>InfiniBand</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>sl</constant></entry>
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<entry>Serial line IP (slip)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>wl</constant></entry>
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<entry>Wireless local area network (WLAN)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>ww</constant></entry>
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<entry>Wireless wide area network (WWAN)</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>The udev <command>net_id</command> builtin exports the following udev device properties:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>o</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>This name is set based on the numeric ordering information given by the firmware
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for on-board devices. The name consists of the prefix, letter <constant>o</constant>, and a number
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specified by the firmware. This is only available for PCI devices.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <replaceable>label</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>This property is set based on textual label given by the firmware for on-board
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devices. The name consists of the prefix concatenated with the label. This is only available for
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PCI devices.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_MAC=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>x</constant><replaceable>AABBCCDDEEFF</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>This name consists of the prefix, letter <constant>x</constant>, and 12 hexadecimal
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digits of the MAC address. It is available if the device has a fixed MAC address. Because this name
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is based on an attribute of the card itself, it remains "stable" when the device is moved (even
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between machines), but will change when the hardware is replaced.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>…[<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>][<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>This property describes the slot position. Different schemes are used depending on
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the bus type, as described in the table below. In case of USB, BCMA, and SR-VIO devices, the full
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name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or BCMA or SR-VIO slot identifier. The
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first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table below.</para>
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<table>
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<title>Slot naming schemes</title>
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<tgroup cols='2'>
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Format</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> [<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>] <constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable> [<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>] [<constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable> | <constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</entry>
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<entry>PCI slot number</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>VIO slot number (IBM PowerVM)</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>… <constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>… <constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>… [<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>] [<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</entry>
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<entry>USB port number chain</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>… <constant>v</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>SR-VIO slot number</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. All multi-function PCI devices will carry
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the <constant>f<replaceable>function</replaceable></constant> number in the device name, including
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the function 0 device. For non-multi-function devices, the number is suppressed if 0. The port name
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<replaceable>port_name</replaceable> is used, or the port number
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<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable> if the name is not known.</para>
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<para>For BCMA devices, the core number is suppressed when 0.</para>
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<para>For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the name gets longer
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than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not exported. The usual USB configuration
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number 1 and interface number 0 values are suppressed.</para>
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<para>SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of
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<constant>v</constant> and the virtual device number, with any leading zeros removed. The bus
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number is ignored.</para>
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<para>In some configurations a parent PCI bridge of a given network controller may be associated
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with a slot. In such case we don't generate this device property to avoid possible naming conflicts.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>c</constant><replaceable>bus_id</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>a</constant><replaceable>vendor</replaceable><replaceable>model</replaceable><constant>i</constant><replaceable>instance</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable><constant>i</constant><replaceable>address</replaceable><constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>ID_NET_NAME_PATH=<replaceable>prefix</replaceable>[<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>]<constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable><constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable>[<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>][<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable>|<constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]<constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>…[<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>][<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>This property describes the device installation location. Different schemes are
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used depending on the bus type, as described in the table below. For BCMA and USB devices, PCI path
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information must known, and the full name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or
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BCMA location. The first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table below.</para>
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<table>
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<title>Path naming schemes</title>
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<tgroup cols='2'>
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Format</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>c</constant><replaceable>bus_id</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>CCW or grouped CCW device identifier</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>a</constant><replaceable>vendor</replaceable> <replaceable>model</replaceable> <constant>i</constant><replaceable>instance</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>ACPI path names for ARM64 platform devices</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> <constant>i</constant><replaceable>address</replaceable> <constant>n</constant><replaceable>port_name</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>Netdevsim (simulated networking device) device number and port name</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><replaceable>prefix</replaceable> [<constant>P</constant><replaceable>domain</replaceable>] <constant>p</constant><replaceable>bus</replaceable> <constant>s</constant><replaceable>slot</replaceable> [<constant>f</constant><replaceable>function</replaceable>] [<constant>n</constant><replaceable>phys_port_name</replaceable> | <constant>d</constant><replaceable>dev_port</replaceable>]</entry>
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<entry>PCI geographical location</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>… <constant>b</constant><replaceable>number</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>… <constant>u</constant><replaceable>port</replaceable>… [<constant>c</constant><replaceable>config</replaceable>] [<constant>i</constant><replaceable>interface</replaceable>]</entry>
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<entry>USB port number chain</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>CCW and grouped CCW devices are found in IBM System Z mainframes. Any leading zeros and
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dots are suppressed.</para>
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<para>For PCI, BCMA, and USB devices, the same rules as described above for slot naming are
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used.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>History</title>
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<para>The following "naming schemes" have been defined (which may be chosen at system boot-up time via
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the <varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname> kernel command line switch, see above:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v238</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>This is the naming scheme that was implemented in systemd 238.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v239</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Naming was changed for virtual network interfaces created with SR-IOV and NPAR and
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for devices where the PCI network controller device does not have a slot number associated.</para>
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<para>SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of
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<literal>v<replaceable>port</replaceable></literal>, where <replaceable>port</replaceable> is the
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virtual device number. Previously those virtual devices were named as if completely independent.
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</para>
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<para>The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices are named following the scheme used for the first
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eight NPAR partitions. Previously those devices were not renamed and the kernel default
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("eth<replaceable>N</replaceable>") was used.</para>
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<para>Names are also generated for PCI devices where the PCI network controller device does not
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have an associated slot number itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those devices were
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not renamed and the kernel default was used.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v240</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>ib</literal> prefix and stable names for infiniband devices are
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introduced. Previously those devices were not renamed.</para>
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<para>The ACPI index field (used in <varname>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=</varname>) is now also used when
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0.</para>
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<para>A new naming policy <varname>NamePolicy=keep</varname> was introduced. With this policy, if
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the network device name was already set by userspace, the device will not be renamed
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again. Previously, this naming policy applied implicitly, and now it must be explicitly
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requested. Effectively, this means that network devices will be renamed according to the
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configuration, even if they have been renamed already, if <constant>keep</constant> is not
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specified as the naming policy in the <filename index="false">.link</filename> file. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for a description of <varname>NamePolicy=</varname>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v241</constant></term>
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<listitem><para><option>MACAddressPolicy=persistent</option> was extended to set MAC addresses
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based on the device name. Previously addresses were only based on the
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<varname index="false">ID_NET_NAME_*</varname> attributes, which meant that interface names would
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never be generated for virtual devices. Now a persistent address will be generated for most
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devices, including in particular bridges.</para>
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<para>Note: when userspace does not set a MAC address for a bridge device, the kernel will
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initially assign a random address, and then change it when the first device is enslaved to the
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bridge. With this naming policy change, bridges get a persistent MAC address based on the bridge
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name instead of the first enslaved device.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v243</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Support for renaming netdevsim (simulated networking) devices was added. Previously
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those devices were not renamed.</para>
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<para>Previously two-letter interface type prefix was prepended to
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<varname>ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=</varname>. This is not done anymore.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v245</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>When
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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derives the name for the host side of the network interface created with
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<option>--network-veth</option> from the container name it previously simply truncated the result
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at 15 characters if longer (since that's the maximum length for network interface names). From now
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on, for any interface name that would be longer than 15 characters the last 4 characters are set to
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a 24bit hash value of the full interface name. This way network interface name collisions between
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multiple similarly named containers (who only differ in container name suffix) should be less
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likely (but still possible, since the 24bit hash value is very small).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>v247</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>If the PCI slot is assocated with PCI bridge and that has multiple child network
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controllers then all of them might derive the same value of <varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT</varname>
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property. That could cause naming conflict if the property is selected as a device name. Now, we detect the
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situation, slot - bridge relation, and we don't produce the <varname>ID_NET_NAME_SLOT</varname> property to
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avoid possible naming conflict.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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||
<para>Note that <constant>latest</constant> may be used to denote the latest scheme known (to this
|
||
particular version of systemd).</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Examples</title>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Using <command>udevadm test-builtin</command> to display device properties</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>$ udevadm test-builtin net_id /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6
|
||
...
|
||
Using default interface naming scheme 'v243'.
|
||
ID_NET_NAMING_SCHEME=v243
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx54ee75cb1dc0
|
||
ID_OUI_FROM_DATABASE=Wistron InfoComm(Kunshan)Co.,Ltd.
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s31f6
|
||
...</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>PCI Ethernet card with firmware index "1"</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=eno1
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD_LABEL=Ethernet Port 1
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>PCI Ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05:00.0/net/ens1
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx000000000466
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp5s0
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=ens1</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>PCI Ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.0/net/enp2s0f0
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46da
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f0
|
||
|
||
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.1/net/enp2s0f1
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46dc
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f1</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>PCI WLAN card</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:03:00.0/net/wlp3s0
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wlx0024d7e31130
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wlp3s0</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>PCI IB host adapter with 2 ports</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.0/net/ibp21s0f0
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f0
|
||
|
||
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.1/net/ibp21s0f1
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f1</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>USB built-in 3G modem</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.6/net/wwp0s29u1u4i6
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wwx028037ec0200
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wwp0s29u1u4i6</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>USB Android phone</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/net/enp0s29u1u2
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enxd626b3450fb5
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s29u1u2</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>s390 grouped CCW interface</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># /sys/devices/css0/0.0.0007/0.0.f5f0/group_device/net/encf5f0
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx026d3c00000a
|
||
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=encf5f0</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<ulink url="https://systemd.io/PREDICTABLE_INTERFACE_NAMES">Predictable Network Interface Names</ulink>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|