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Issues fixed: * missing words required by grammar * duplicated or extraneous words * inappropriate forms (e.g. singular/plural), and declinations * orthographic misspellings
1276 lines
75 KiB
XML
1276 lines
75 KiB
XML
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
|
||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
This file is part of systemd.
|
||
|
||
Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
|
||
|
||
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
||
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
|
||
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
|
||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||
|
||
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
||
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
||
Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
||
|
||
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
|
||
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<refentry id="systemd.exec">
|
||
<refentryinfo>
|
||
<title>systemd.exec</title>
|
||
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
||
|
||
<authorgroup>
|
||
<author>
|
||
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
|
||
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
|
||
<surname>Poettering</surname>
|
||
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
|
||
</author>
|
||
</authorgroup>
|
||
</refentryinfo>
|
||
|
||
<refmeta>
|
||
<refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle>
|
||
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
||
</refmeta>
|
||
|
||
<refnamediv>
|
||
<refname>systemd.exec</refname>
|
||
<refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose>
|
||
</refnamediv>
|
||
|
||
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
<para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
|
||
<filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
|
||
<filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
|
||
<filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para>
|
||
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Description</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets,
|
||
mount points, and swap devices share a subset of
|
||
configuration options which define the execution
|
||
environment of spawned processes.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This man page lists the configuration options
|
||
shared by these four unit types. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for the common options of all unit configuration
|
||
files, and
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
and
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for more information on the specific unit
|
||
configuration files. The execution specific
|
||
configuration options are configured in the [Service],
|
||
[Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit
|
||
type.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
|
||
directory path. Sets the working
|
||
directory for executed processes. If
|
||
not set, defaults to the root directory
|
||
when systemd is running as a system
|
||
instance and the respective user's
|
||
home directory if run as
|
||
user.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
|
||
directory path. Sets the root
|
||
directory for executed processes, with
|
||
the
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
system call. If this is used, it must
|
||
be ensured that the process and all
|
||
its auxiliary files are available in
|
||
the <function>chroot()</function>
|
||
jail.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>User=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the Unix user
|
||
or group that the processes are executed
|
||
as, respectively. Takes a single user or group
|
||
name or ID as argument. If no group is
|
||
set, the default group of the user is
|
||
chosen.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the supplementary
|
||
Unix groups the processes are executed
|
||
as. This takes a space-separated list
|
||
of group names or IDs. This option may
|
||
be specified more than once in which
|
||
case all listed groups are set as
|
||
supplementary groups. When the empty
|
||
string is assigned the list of
|
||
supplementary groups is reset, and all
|
||
assignments prior to this one will
|
||
have no effect. In any way, this
|
||
option does not override, but extends
|
||
the list of supplementary groups
|
||
configured in the system group
|
||
database for the
|
||
user.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Nice=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the default nice
|
||
level (scheduling priority) for
|
||
executed processes. Takes an integer
|
||
between -20 (highest priority) and 19
|
||
(lowest priority). See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the adjustment
|
||
level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for
|
||
executed processes. Takes an integer
|
||
between -1000 (to disable OOM killing
|
||
for this process) and 1000 (to make
|
||
killing of this process under memory
|
||
pressure very likely). See <ulink
|
||
url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
|
||
class for executed processes. Takes an
|
||
integer between 0 and 3 or one of the
|
||
strings <option>none</option>,
|
||
<option>realtime</option>,
|
||
<option>best-effort</option> or
|
||
<option>idle</option>. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
|
||
priority for executed processes. Takes
|
||
an integer between 0 (highest
|
||
priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The
|
||
available priorities depend on the
|
||
selected IO scheduling class (see
|
||
above). See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
|
||
scheduling policy for executed
|
||
processes. Takes one of
|
||
<option>other</option>,
|
||
<option>batch</option>,
|
||
<option>idle</option>,
|
||
<option>fifo</option> or
|
||
<option>rr</option>. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
|
||
scheduling priority for executed
|
||
processes. The available priority
|
||
range depends on the selected CPU
|
||
scheduling policy (see above). For
|
||
real-time scheduling policies an
|
||
integer between 1 (lowest priority)
|
||
and 99 (highest priority) can be used.
|
||
See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, elevated CPU
|
||
scheduling priorities and policies
|
||
will be reset when the executed
|
||
processes fork, and can hence not leak
|
||
into child processes. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls the CPU
|
||
affinity of the executed
|
||
processes. Takes a space-separated
|
||
list of CPU indices. This option may
|
||
be specified more than once in which
|
||
case the specificed CPU affinity masks
|
||
are merged. If the empty string is
|
||
assigned, the mask is reset, all
|
||
assignments prior to this will have no
|
||
effect. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>UMask=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls the file mode
|
||
creation mask. Takes an access mode in
|
||
octal notation. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Defaults to
|
||
0022.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets environment
|
||
variables for executed
|
||
processes. Takes a space-separated
|
||
list of variable assignments. This
|
||
option may be specified more than once
|
||
in which case all listed variables
|
||
will be set. If the same variable is
|
||
set twice, the later setting will
|
||
override the earlier setting. If the
|
||
empty string is assigned to this
|
||
option, the list of environment
|
||
variables is reset, all prior
|
||
assignments have no effect.
|
||
Variable expansion is not performed
|
||
inside the strings, however, specifier
|
||
expansion is possible. The $ character has
|
||
no special meaning.
|
||
If you need to assign a value containing spaces
|
||
to a variable, use double quotes (")
|
||
for the assignment.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example:
|
||
<programlisting>Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=$word 5 6"</programlisting>
|
||
gives three variables <literal>VAR1</literal>,
|
||
<literal>VAR2</literal>, <literal>VAR3</literal>
|
||
with the values <literal>word1 word2</literal>,
|
||
<literal>word3</literal>, <literal>$word 5 6</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details about environment variables.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Similar to
|
||
<varname>Environment=</varname> but
|
||
reads the environment variables from a
|
||
text file. The text file should
|
||
contain new-line-separated variable
|
||
assignments. Empty lines and lines
|
||
starting with ; or # will be ignored,
|
||
which may be used for commenting. A line
|
||
ending with a backslash will be concatenated
|
||
with the following one, allowing multiline variable
|
||
definitions. The parser strips leading
|
||
and trailing whitespace from the values
|
||
of assignments, unless you use
|
||
double quotes (").</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The argument passed should be an
|
||
absolute filename or wildcard
|
||
expression, optionally prefixed with
|
||
<literal>-</literal>, which indicates
|
||
that if the file does not exist, it
|
||
will not be read and no error or warning
|
||
message is logged. This option may be
|
||
specified more than once in which case
|
||
all specified files are read. If the
|
||
empty string is assigned to this
|
||
option, the list of file to read is
|
||
reset, all prior assignments have no
|
||
effect.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The files listed with this
|
||
directive will be read shortly before
|
||
the process is executed. Settings from
|
||
these files override settings made
|
||
with
|
||
<varname>Environment=</varname>. If
|
||
the same variable is set twice from
|
||
these files, the files will be read in
|
||
the order they are specified and the
|
||
later setting will override the
|
||
earlier setting.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
||
descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed
|
||
processes is connected to. Takes one
|
||
of <option>null</option>,
|
||
<option>tty</option>,
|
||
<option>tty-force</option>,
|
||
<option>tty-fail</option> or
|
||
<option>socket</option>. If
|
||
<option>null</option> is selected,
|
||
standard input will be connected to
|
||
<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
||
i.e. all read attempts by the process
|
||
will result in immediate EOF. If
|
||
<option>tty</option> is selected,
|
||
standard input is connected to a TTY
|
||
(as configured by
|
||
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
|
||
below) and the executed process
|
||
becomes the controlling process of the
|
||
terminal. If the terminal is already
|
||
being controlled by another process, the
|
||
executed process waits until the current
|
||
controlling process releases the
|
||
terminal.
|
||
<option>tty-force</option>
|
||
is similar to <option>tty</option>,
|
||
but the executed process is forcefully
|
||
and immediately made the controlling
|
||
process of the terminal, potentially
|
||
removing previous controlling
|
||
processes from the
|
||
terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is
|
||
similar to <option>tty</option> but if
|
||
the terminal already has a controlling
|
||
process start-up of the executed
|
||
process fails. The
|
||
<option>socket</option> option is only
|
||
valid in socket-activated services,
|
||
and only when the socket configuration
|
||
file (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details) specifies a single socket
|
||
only. If this option is set, standard
|
||
input will be connected to the socket
|
||
the service was activated from, which
|
||
is primarily useful for compatibility
|
||
with daemons designed for use with the
|
||
traditional
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
daemon. This setting defaults to
|
||
<option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
||
descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed
|
||
processes is connected to. Takes one
|
||
of <option>inherit</option>,
|
||
<option>null</option>,
|
||
<option>tty</option>,
|
||
<option>syslog</option>,
|
||
<option>kmsg</option>,
|
||
<option>journal</option>,
|
||
<option>syslog+console</option>,
|
||
<option>kmsg+console</option>,
|
||
<option>journal+console</option> or
|
||
<option>socket</option>. If set to
|
||
<option>inherit</option>, the file
|
||
descriptor of standard input is
|
||
duplicated for standard output. If set
|
||
to <option>null</option>, standard
|
||
output will be connected to
|
||
<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
||
i.e. everything written to it will be
|
||
lost. If set to <option>tty</option>,
|
||
standard output will be connected to a
|
||
tty (as configured via
|
||
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
|
||
below). If the TTY is used for output
|
||
only, the executed process will not
|
||
become the controlling process of the
|
||
terminal, and will not fail or wait
|
||
for other processes to release the
|
||
terminal. <option>syslog</option>
|
||
connects standard output to the
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
system syslog
|
||
service. <option>kmsg</option>
|
||
connects it with the kernel log buffer
|
||
which is accessible via
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>journal</option>
|
||
connects it with the journal which is
|
||
accessible via
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
(Note that everything that is written
|
||
to syslog or kmsg is implicitly stored
|
||
in the journal as well, those options
|
||
are hence supersets of this
|
||
one). <option>syslog+console</option>,
|
||
<option>journal+console</option> and
|
||
<option>kmsg+console</option> work
|
||
similarly but copy the output to the
|
||
system console as
|
||
well. <option>socket</option> connects
|
||
standard output to a socket from
|
||
socket activation, semantics are
|
||
similar to the respective option of
|
||
<varname>StandardInput=</varname>.
|
||
This setting defaults to the value set
|
||
with
|
||
<option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option>
|
||
in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
which defaults to
|
||
<option>journal</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
||
descriptor 2 (standard error) of the
|
||
executed processes is connected to.
|
||
The available options are identical to
|
||
those of
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname>,
|
||
with one exception: if set to
|
||
<option>inherit</option> the file
|
||
descriptor used for standard output is
|
||
duplicated for standard error. This
|
||
setting defaults to the value set with
|
||
<option>DefaultStandardError=</option>
|
||
in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
which defaults to
|
||
<option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the terminal
|
||
device node to use if standard input, output,
|
||
or error are connected to a
|
||
TTY (see above). Defaults to
|
||
<filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Reset the terminal
|
||
device specified with
|
||
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and
|
||
after execution. Defaults to
|
||
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Disconnect all clients
|
||
which have opened the terminal device
|
||
specified with
|
||
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>
|
||
before and after execution. Defaults
|
||
to
|
||
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>If the terminal
|
||
device specified with
|
||
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a
|
||
virtual console terminal, try to
|
||
deallocate the TTY before and after
|
||
execution. This ensures that the
|
||
screen and scrollback buffer is
|
||
cleared. Defaults to
|
||
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the process name
|
||
to prefix log lines sent to syslog or
|
||
the kernel log buffer with. If not set,
|
||
defaults to the process name of the
|
||
executed process. This option is only
|
||
useful when
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
||
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
||
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
||
<option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the syslog
|
||
facility to use when logging to
|
||
syslog. One of <option>kern</option>,
|
||
<option>user</option>,
|
||
<option>mail</option>,
|
||
<option>daemon</option>,
|
||
<option>auth</option>,
|
||
<option>syslog</option>,
|
||
<option>lpr</option>,
|
||
<option>news</option>,
|
||
<option>uucp</option>,
|
||
<option>cron</option>,
|
||
<option>authpriv</option>,
|
||
<option>ftp</option>,
|
||
<option>local0</option>,
|
||
<option>local1</option>,
|
||
<option>local2</option>,
|
||
<option>local3</option>,
|
||
<option>local4</option>,
|
||
<option>local5</option>,
|
||
<option>local6</option> or
|
||
<option>local7</option>. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. This option is only
|
||
useful when
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
||
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
||
set to <option>syslog</option>.
|
||
Defaults to
|
||
<option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Default syslog level
|
||
to use when logging to syslog or the
|
||
kernel log buffer. One of
|
||
<option>emerg</option>,
|
||
<option>alert</option>,
|
||
<option>crit</option>,
|
||
<option>err</option>,
|
||
<option>warning</option>,
|
||
<option>notice</option>,
|
||
<option>info</option>,
|
||
<option>debug</option>. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. This option is only
|
||
useful when
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
||
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
||
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
||
<option>kmsg</option>. Note that
|
||
individual lines output by the daemon
|
||
might be prefixed with a different log
|
||
level which can be used to override
|
||
the default log level specified
|
||
here. The interpretation of these
|
||
prefixes may be disabled with
|
||
<varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>,
|
||
see below. For details see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
|
||
Defaults to
|
||
<option>info</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true and
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
||
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
||
set to <option>syslog</option>,
|
||
<option>kmsg</option> or
|
||
<option>journal</option>, log lines
|
||
written by the executed process that
|
||
are prefixed with a log level will be
|
||
passed on to syslog with this log
|
||
level set but the prefix removed. If
|
||
set to false, the interpretation of
|
||
these prefixes is disabled and the
|
||
logged lines are passed on as-is. For
|
||
details about this prefixing see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
Defaults to true.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
|
||
in nanoseconds for the executed
|
||
processes. The timer slack controls
|
||
the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
|
||
timers. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for more information. Note that in
|
||
contrast to most other time span
|
||
definitions this parameter takes an
|
||
integer value in nano-seconds if no
|
||
unit is specified. The usual time
|
||
units are understood
|
||
too.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>These settings control
|
||
various resource limits for executed
|
||
processes. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Use the string
|
||
<varname>infinity</varname> to
|
||
configure no limit on a specific
|
||
resource.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets the PAM service
|
||
name to set up a session as. If set,
|
||
the executed process will be
|
||
registered as a PAM session under the
|
||
specified service name. This is only
|
||
useful in conjunction with the
|
||
<varname>User=</varname> setting. If
|
||
not set, no PAM session will be opened
|
||
for the executed processes. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>If this is a
|
||
socket-activated service, this sets the
|
||
tcpwrap service name to check the
|
||
permission for the current connection
|
||
with. This is only useful in
|
||
conjunction with socket-activated
|
||
services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
|
||
particular. It has no effect on other
|
||
socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and
|
||
on processes unrelated to socket-based
|
||
activation. If the tcpwrap
|
||
verification fails, daemon start-up
|
||
will fail and the connection is
|
||
terminated. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Note that this option may
|
||
be used to do access control checks
|
||
only. Shell commands and commands
|
||
described in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
are not supported.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls which
|
||
capabilities to include in the
|
||
capability bounding set for the
|
||
executed process. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Takes a whitespace-separated
|
||
list of capability names as read by
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
e.g. <constant>CAP_SYS_ADMIN</constant>,
|
||
<constant>CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE</constant>,
|
||
<constant>CAP_SYS_PTRACE</constant>.
|
||
Capabilities listed will be included
|
||
in the bounding set, all others are
|
||
removed. If the list of capabilities
|
||
is prefixed with <literal>~</literal>,
|
||
all but the listed capabilities will
|
||
be included, the effect of the
|
||
assignment inverted. Note that this
|
||
option also affects the respective
|
||
capabilities in the effective,
|
||
permitted and inheritable capability
|
||
sets, on top of what
|
||
<varname>Capabilities=</varname>
|
||
does. If this option is not used, the
|
||
capability bounding set is not
|
||
modified on process execution, hence
|
||
no limits on the capabilities of the
|
||
process are enforced. This option may
|
||
appear more than once in which case
|
||
the bounding sets are merged. If the
|
||
empty string is assigned to this
|
||
option, the bounding set is reset to
|
||
the empty capability set, and all
|
||
prior settings have no effect. If set
|
||
to <literal>~</literal> (without any
|
||
further argument), the bounding set is
|
||
reset to the full set of available
|
||
capabilities, also undoing any
|
||
previous settings.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls the secure
|
||
bits set for the executed process. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Takes a list of strings:
|
||
<option>keep-caps</option>,
|
||
<option>keep-caps-locked</option>,
|
||
<option>no-setuid-fixup</option>,
|
||
<option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>,
|
||
<option>noroot</option> and/or
|
||
<option>noroot-locked</option>. This
|
||
option may appear more than once in
|
||
which case the secure bits are
|
||
ORed. If the empty string is assigned
|
||
to this option, the bits are reset to
|
||
0.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls the
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
set for the executed process. Take a
|
||
capability string describing the
|
||
effective, permitted and inherited
|
||
capability sets as documented in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
Note that these capability sets are
|
||
usually influenced by the capabilities
|
||
attached to the executed file. Due to
|
||
that
|
||
<varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
|
||
is probably the much more useful
|
||
setting.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Sets up a new
|
||
file system namespace for executed
|
||
processes. These options may be used
|
||
to limit access a process might have
|
||
to the main file system
|
||
hierarchy. Each setting takes a
|
||
space-separated list of absolute
|
||
directory paths. Directories listed in
|
||
<varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>
|
||
are accessible from within the
|
||
namespace with the same access rights
|
||
as from outside. Directories listed in
|
||
<varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
|
||
are accessible for reading only,
|
||
writing will be refused even if the
|
||
usual file access controls would
|
||
permit this. Directories listed in
|
||
<varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
|
||
will be made inaccessible for
|
||
processes inside the namespace. Note
|
||
that restricting access with these
|
||
options does not extend to submounts
|
||
of a directory. You must list
|
||
submounts separately in these settings
|
||
to ensure the same limited
|
||
access. These options may be specified
|
||
more than once in which case all
|
||
directories listed will have limited
|
||
access from within the namespace. If
|
||
the empty string is assigned to this
|
||
option, the specific list is reset, and
|
||
all prior assignments have no
|
||
effect.</para>
|
||
<para>Paths in
|
||
<varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
|
||
and
|
||
<varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
|
||
may be prefixed with
|
||
<literal>-</literal>, in which case
|
||
they will be ignored when they do not
|
||
exist.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, sets up a new file
|
||
system namespace for the executed
|
||
processes and mounts private
|
||
<filename>/tmp</filename> and
|
||
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>
|
||
directories inside it that is not
|
||
shared by processes outside of the
|
||
namespace. This is useful to secure
|
||
access to temporary files of the
|
||
process, but makes sharing between
|
||
processes via
|
||
<filename>/tmp</filename> or
|
||
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>
|
||
impossible. All temporary data created
|
||
by service will be removed after
|
||
the service is stopped. Defaults to
|
||
false. Note that it is possible to run
|
||
two or more units within the same
|
||
private <filename>/tmp</filename> and
|
||
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>
|
||
namespace by using the
|
||
<varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname>
|
||
directive, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, sets up a new
|
||
network namespace for the executed
|
||
processes and configures only the
|
||
loopback network device
|
||
<literal>lo</literal> inside it. No
|
||
other network devices will be
|
||
available to the executed process.
|
||
This is useful to securely turn off
|
||
network access by the executed
|
||
process. Defaults to false. Note that
|
||
it is possible to run two or more
|
||
units within the same private network
|
||
namespace by using the
|
||
<varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname>
|
||
directive, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PrivateDevices=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, sets up a new /dev
|
||
namespace for the executed processes
|
||
and only adds API pseudo devices such
|
||
as <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
||
<filename>/dev/zero</filename> or
|
||
<filename>/dev/random</filename> to
|
||
it, but no physical devices such as
|
||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>. This is
|
||
useful to securely turn off physical
|
||
device access by the executed
|
||
process. Defaults to
|
||
false.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a mount
|
||
propagation flag:
|
||
<option>shared</option>,
|
||
<option>slave</option> or
|
||
<option>private</option>, which
|
||
control whether the file system
|
||
namespace set up for this unit's
|
||
processes will receive or propagate
|
||
new mounts. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. Default to
|
||
<option>shared</option>.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a four
|
||
character identifier string for an
|
||
utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This
|
||
should only be set for services such
|
||
as <command>getty</command>
|
||
implementations where utmp/wtmp
|
||
entries must be created and cleared
|
||
before and after execution. If the
|
||
configured string is longer than four
|
||
characters, it is truncated and the
|
||
terminal four characters are
|
||
used. This setting interprets %I style
|
||
string replacements. This setting is
|
||
unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp
|
||
entries are created or cleaned up for
|
||
this service.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SELinuxContext=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Set the SELinux
|
||
security context of the executed
|
||
process. If set, this will override
|
||
the automated domain
|
||
transition. However, the policy still
|
||
needs to autorize the transition. This
|
||
directive is ignored if SELinux is
|
||
disabled. If prefixed by
|
||
<literal>-</literal>, all errors will
|
||
be ignored. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setexeccon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, causes <constant>SIGPIPE</constant> to be
|
||
ignored in the executed
|
||
process. Defaults to true because
|
||
<constant>SIGPIPE</constant> generally is useful only in
|
||
shell pipelines.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
||
argument. If true, ensures that the
|
||
service process and all its children
|
||
can never gain new privileges. This
|
||
option is more powerful than the respective
|
||
secure bits flags (see above), as it
|
||
also prohibits UID changes of any
|
||
kind. This is the simplest, most
|
||
effective way to ensure that a process
|
||
and its children can never elevate
|
||
privileges again.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated
|
||
list of system call
|
||
names. If this setting is used, all
|
||
system calls executed by the unit
|
||
processes except for the listed ones
|
||
will result in immediate process
|
||
termination with the
|
||
<constant>SIGSYS</constant> signal
|
||
(whitelisting). If the first character
|
||
of the list is <literal>~</literal>,
|
||
the effect is inverted: only the
|
||
listed system calls will result in
|
||
immediate process termination
|
||
(blacklisting). If this option is used,
|
||
<varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname>
|
||
is implied. This feature makes use of
|
||
the Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces
|
||
of the kernel ('seccomp filtering')
|
||
and is useful for enforcing a minimal
|
||
sandboxing environment. Note that the
|
||
<function>execve</function>,
|
||
<function>rt_sigreturn</function>,
|
||
<function>sigreturn</function>,
|
||
<function>exit_group</function>,
|
||
<function>exit</function> system calls
|
||
are implicitly whitelisted and do not
|
||
need to be listed explicitly. This
|
||
option may be specified more than once
|
||
in which case the filter masks are
|
||
merged. If the empty string is
|
||
assigned, the filter is reset, all
|
||
prior assignments will have no
|
||
effect.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If you specify both types of
|
||
this option (i.e. whitelisting and
|
||
blacklisting), the first encountered
|
||
will take precedence and will dictate
|
||
the default action (termination or
|
||
approval of a system call). Then the
|
||
next occurrences of this option will
|
||
add or delete the listed system calls
|
||
from the set of the filtered system
|
||
calls, depending of its type and the
|
||
default action. (For example, if you have started
|
||
with a whitelisting of
|
||
<function>read</function> and
|
||
<function>write</function>, and right
|
||
after it add a blacklisting of
|
||
<function>write</function>, then
|
||
<function>write</function> will be
|
||
removed from the set.)
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that setting
|
||
<varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname>
|
||
implies a
|
||
<varname>SystemCallArchitectures=</varname>
|
||
setting of <literal>native</literal>
|
||
(see below), unless that option is
|
||
configured otherwise.</para>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SystemCallErrorNumber=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes an
|
||
<literal>errno</literal> error number
|
||
name to return when the system call
|
||
filter configured with
|
||
<varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname>
|
||
is triggered, instead of terminating
|
||
the process immediately. Takes an
|
||
error name such as
|
||
<literal>EPERM</literal>,
|
||
<literal>EACCES</literal> or
|
||
<literal>EUCLEAN</literal>. When this
|
||
setting is not used, or when the empty
|
||
string is assigned, the process will be
|
||
terminated immediately when the filter
|
||
is triggered.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>SystemCallArchitectures=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space
|
||
separated list of architecture
|
||
identifiers to include in the system
|
||
call filter. The known architecture
|
||
identifiers are
|
||
<literal>x86</literal>,
|
||
<literal>x86-64</literal>,
|
||
<literal>x32</literal>,
|
||
<literal>arm</literal> as well as the
|
||
special identifier
|
||
<literal>native</literal>. Only system
|
||
calls of the specified architectures
|
||
will be permitted to processes of this
|
||
unit. This is an effective way to
|
||
disable compatibility with non-native
|
||
architectures for processes, for
|
||
example to prohibit execution of 32-bit
|
||
x86 binaries on 64-bit x86-64
|
||
systems. The special
|
||
<literal>native</literal> identifier
|
||
implicitly maps to the native
|
||
architecture of the system (or more
|
||
strictly: to the architecture the
|
||
system manager is compiled for). Note
|
||
that setting this option to a
|
||
non-empty list implies that
|
||
<literal>native</literal> is included
|
||
too. By default, this option is set to
|
||
the empty list, i.e. no architecture
|
||
system call filtering is applied. Note
|
||
that configuring a system call filter
|
||
with
|
||
<varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname>
|
||
(above) implies a
|
||
<literal>native</literal> architecture
|
||
list, unless configured
|
||
otherwise.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Environment variables in spawned processes</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Processes started by the system are executed in
|
||
a clean environment in which select variables
|
||
listed below are set. System processes started by systemd
|
||
do not inherit variables from PID 1, but processes
|
||
started by user systemd instances inherit all
|
||
environment variables from the user systemd instance.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$PATH</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Colon-separated list
|
||
of directiories to use when launching
|
||
executables. Systemd uses a fixed
|
||
value of
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/sbin</filename>:<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>:<filename>/usr/sbin</filename>:<filename>/usr/bin</filename>:<filename>/sbin</filename>:<filename>/bin</filename>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$LANG</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Locale. Can be set in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
or on the kernel command line (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
and
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$USER</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$LOGNAME</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$HOME</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$SHELL</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>User name (twice), home
|
||
directory, and the login shell.
|
||
The variables are set for the units that
|
||
have <varname>User=</varname> set,
|
||
which includes user
|
||
<command>systemd</command> instances.
|
||
See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>The directory for volatile
|
||
state. Set for the user <command>systemd</command>
|
||
instance, and also in user sessions.
|
||
See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$XDG_SEAT</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$XDG_VTNR</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>The identifier of the
|
||
session, the seat name, and
|
||
virtual terminal of the session. Set
|
||
by
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for login sessions.
|
||
<varname>$XDG_SEAT</varname> and
|
||
<varname>$XDG_VTNR</varname> will
|
||
only be set when attached to a seat and a
|
||
tty.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$MANAGERPID</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>The PID of the user
|
||
<command>systemd</command> instance,
|
||
set for processes spawned by it.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Information about file
|
||
descriptors passed to a service for
|
||
socket activation. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$TERM</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Terminal type, set
|
||
only for units connected to a terminal
|
||
(<varname>StandardInput=tty</varname>,
|
||
<varname>StandardOutput=tty</varname>,
|
||
or
|
||
<varname>StandardError=tty</varname>).
|
||
See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>Additional variables may be configured by the
|
||
following means: for processes spawned in specific
|
||
units, use the <varname>Environment=</varname> and
|
||
<varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname> options above; to
|
||
specify variables globally, use
|
||
<varname>DefaultEnvironment=</varname> (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
|
||
or the kernel option
|
||
<varname>systemd.setenv=</varname> (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Additional
|
||
variables may also be set through PAM,
|
||
c.f. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|