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781 lines
36 KiB
XML
781 lines
36 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of
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volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><literallayout><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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</literallayout></para>
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<para><literallayout><filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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<filename>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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<filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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<filename>…</filename>
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<filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>
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</literallayout></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the configuration
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files from the above directories to describe the creation,
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cleaning and removal of volatile and temporary files and
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directories which usually reside in directories such as
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<filename>/run</filename> or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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<para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are those
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located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its alias
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<filename>/var/run</filename>), <filename>/tmp</filename>,
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<filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as
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<filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well
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as some other directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
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<para>System daemons frequently require private runtime
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directories below <filename>/run</filename> to place communication
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sockets and similar in. For these, consider declaring them in
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their unit files using <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details), if this is feasible.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Directories and Precedence</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
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easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same
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name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should
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install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for the local
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administrator, who may use this logic to override the
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configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
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configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic
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order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If
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multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with
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the lexicographically earliest name will be applied. All other
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conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
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prefix and suffix of each other, then the prefix is always
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processed first, the suffix later. Lines that take globs are
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applied after those accepting no globs. If multiple operations
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shall be applied on the same file, (such as ACL, xattr, file
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attribute adjustments), these are always done in the same fixed
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order. Otherwise, the files/directories are processed in the order
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they are listed.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file
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supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink
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to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration File Format</title>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path containing
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type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an
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exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given and the file did
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not exist yet, it will be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument
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parameter is given, it will be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if
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the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style
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globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter
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will be written without a trailing newline. C-style
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backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows
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symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory. The mode and ownership will be adjusted if
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specified and the directory already exists. Contents of this directory are subject
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to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but in addition the contents
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of the directory will be removed when <option>--remove</option> is used.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>e</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <varname>d</varname>, but the directory will not be created if
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it does not exist. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. For this entry to be useful, at least one of the mode, uid, gid, or age arguments
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must be specified, since otherwise this entry has no effect. If the age argument is
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<literal>0</literal>, contents of the directory will be unconditionally deleted every time
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles --clean</command> is run. This can be useful when combined with
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<varname>!</varname>, see the examples.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>v</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not
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exist yet, the file system supports subvolumes (btrfs), and
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the system itself is installed into a subvolume
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(specifically: the root directory <filename>/</filename> is
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itself a subvolume). Otherwise, create a normal directory, in
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the same way as <varname>d</varname>. A subvolume created
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with this line type is not assigned to any higher-level
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quota group. For that, use <varname>q</varname> or
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<varname>Q</varname>, which allow creating simple quota
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group hierarchies, see below.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>q</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <varname>v</varname>. However,
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makes sure that the subvolume will be assigned to the same
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higher-level quota groups as the subvolume it has been
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created in. This ensures that higher-level limits and
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accounting applied to the parent subvolume also include the
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specified subvolume. On non-btrfs file systems, this line
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type is identical to <varname>d</varname>. If the subvolume
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already exists and is already assigned to one or more higher
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level quota groups, no change to the quota hierarchy is
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made. Also see <varname>Q</varname> below. See <citerefentry
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project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details about the btrfs quota group
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concept.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Q</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <varname>q</varname>. However,
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instead of copying the higher-level quota group assignments
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from the parent as-is, the lowest quota group of the parent
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subvolume is determined that is not the leaf quota
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group. Then, an "intermediary" quota group is inserted that
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is one level below this level, and shares the same ID part
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as the specified subvolume. If no higher-level quota group
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exists for the parent subvolume, a new quota group at level
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255 sharing the same ID as the specified subvolume is
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inserted instead. This new intermediary quota group is then
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assigned to the parent subvolume's higher-level quota
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groups, and the specified subvolume's leaf quota group is
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assigned to it.</para>
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<para>Effectively, this has a similar effect as
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<varname>q</varname>, however introduces a new higher-level
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quota group for the specified subvolume that may be used to
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enforce limits and accounting to the specified subvolume and
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children subvolume created within it. Thus, by creating
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subvolumes only via <varname>q</varname> and
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<varname>Q</varname>, a concept of "subtree quotas" is
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implemented. Each subvolume for which <varname>Q</varname>
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is set will get a "subtree" quota group created, and all
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child subvolumes created within it will be assigned to
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it. Each subvolume for which <varname>q</varname> is set
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will not get such a "subtree" quota group, but it is ensured
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that they are added to the same "subtree" quota group as their
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immediate parents.</para>
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<para>It is recommended to use
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<varname>Q</varname> for subvolumes that typically contain
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further subvolumes, and where it is desirable to have
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accounting and quota limits on all child subvolumes
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together. Examples for <varname>Q</varname> are typically
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<filename>/home</filename> or
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<filename>/var/lib/machines</filename>. In contrast,
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<varname>q</varname> should be used for subvolumes that
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either usually do not include further subvolumes or where no
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accounting and quota limits are needed that apply to all
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child subvolumes together. Examples for <varname>q</varname>
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are typically <filename>/var</filename> or
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<filename>/var/tmp</filename>. As with <varname>Q</varname>,
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<varname>q</varname> has no effect on the quota group
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hierarchy if the subvolume exists and already has at least
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one higher-level quota group assigned.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<term><varname>p+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be
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removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<term><varname>L+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist
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yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file or
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directory already exists where the symlink is to be created,
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it will be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the
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argument is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name
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residing in the directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are created. Note
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that permissions and ownership on symlinks are ignored.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<term><varname>c+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does
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not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the device node is to be created,
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it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<term><varname>b+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the device node is to be created, it
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will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>C</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the
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destination files or directories do not exist yet. Note that
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this command will not descend into subdirectories if the
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destination directory already exists. Instead, the entire
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copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
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from the source directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name
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are copied. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname>
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lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
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of normal path names. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will
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not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only
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directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
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influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or
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<varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, group and user, and
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restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory,
|
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if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
|
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place of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, group and
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user, and restore the SELinux security context of a file or
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|
directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and
|
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the files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this
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|
type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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|
names. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>t</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set extended attributes. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
|
|
This can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow
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|
symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>T</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set extended attributes. Lines
|
|
of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
|
|
path names. This can be useful for setting SMACK
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|
labels. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>h</varname></term>
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|
<listitem><para>Set file/directory attributes. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The format of the argument field is
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|
<varname>[+-=][aAcCdDeijsStTu] </varname>. The prefix
|
|
<varname>+</varname> (the default one) causes the
|
|
attribute(s) to be added; <varname>-</varname> causes the
|
|
attribute(s) to be removed; <varname>=</varname> causes the
|
|
attributes to be set exactly as the following letters. The
|
|
letters <literal>aAcCdDeijsStTu</literal> select the new
|
|
attributes for the files, see
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Passing only <varname>=</varname> as argument resets
|
|
all the file attributes listed above. It has to be pointed
|
|
out that the <varname>=</varname> prefix limits itself to
|
|
the attributes corresponding to the letters listed here. All
|
|
other attributes will be left untouched. Does not follow
|
|
symlinks.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>H</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively set file/directory attributes. Lines
|
|
of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
|
|
path names. Does not follow symlinks.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>a</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>a+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists). If
|
|
suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, the specified entries will
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|
be added to the existing set.
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically add
|
|
the required base entries for user and group based on the
|
|
access mode of the file, unless base entries already exist
|
|
or are explicitly specified. The mask will be added if not
|
|
specified explicitly or already present. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
|
|
can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
|
|
files. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>A</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>A+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and
|
|
<varname>a+</varname>, but recursive. Does not follow
|
|
symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe of
|
|
execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines
|
|
without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute
|
|
at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will execute line with an
|
|
exclamation mark only if option <option>--boot</option> is
|
|
given.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example:
|
|
<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
|
|
d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
|
|
|
|
# Unlink the X11 lock files
|
|
r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
|
|
The second line in contrast to the first one would break a
|
|
running system, and will only be executed with
|
|
<option>--boot</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that for all line types that result in creation of any kind of file node
|
|
(i.e. <varname>f</varname>/<varname>F</varname>,
|
|
<varname>d</varname>/<varname>D</varname>/<varname>v</varname>/<varname>q</varname>/<varname>Q</varname>,
|
|
<varname>p</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>c</varname>/<varname>b</varname> and <varname>C</varname>)
|
|
leading directories are implicitly created if needed, owned by root with an access mode of 0755. In order to
|
|
create them with different modes or ownership make sure to add appropriate <varname>d</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Path</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file system path specification supports simple
|
|
specifier expansion, see below. The path (after expansion) must be
|
|
absolute.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Mode</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or
|
|
directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file
|
|
objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines,
|
|
if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access
|
|
mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for
|
|
<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
|
|
<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the
|
|
access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for
|
|
existing file or directories: if the existing file has all
|
|
executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the
|
|
new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed
|
|
from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new
|
|
access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be
|
|
removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the
|
|
sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a
|
|
directory. This functionality is particularly useful in
|
|
conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>UID, GID</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This
|
|
may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group
|
|
name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname> and
|
|
<varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be
|
|
modified. These parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
|
|
<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
|
|
<varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Age</title>
|
|
<para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to
|
|
delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the
|
|
current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field
|
|
format is a series of integers each followed by one of the
|
|
following suffixes for the respective time units:
|
|
<constant>s</constant>,
|
|
<constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>,
|
|
<constant>h</constant>,
|
|
<constant>d</constant>,
|
|
<constant>w</constant>,
|
|
<constant>ms</constant>, and
|
|
<constant>us</constant>,
|
|
meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
|
|
milliseconds, and microseconds, respectively. Full names of the time units can
|
|
be used too.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
|
|
values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit,
|
|
<constant>s</constant> is assumed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
|
|
unconditionally.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The age field only applies to lines starting with
|
|
<varname>d</varname>, <varname>D</varname>, <varname>e</varname>,
|
|
<varname>v</varname>, <varname>q</varname>,
|
|
<varname>Q</varname>, <varname>C</varname>, <varname>x</varname>
|
|
and <varname>X</varname>. If omitted or set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is done.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde character
|
|
<literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and
|
|
directories one level inside the directory specified, but not
|
|
the files and directories immediately inside it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The age of a file system entry is determined from its last
|
|
modification timestamp (mtime), its last access timestamp (atime),
|
|
and (except for directories) its last status change timestamp
|
|
(ctime). Any of these three (or two) values will prevent cleanup
|
|
if it is more recent than the current time minus the age
|
|
field.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Argument</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname> and
|
|
<varname>b</varname>, determines the major/minor of the device node, with major and minor formatted as integers,
|
|
separated by <literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>w</varname>, the argument may be used to specify a short string that is written to the file,
|
|
suffixed by a newline. For <varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or directory. For <varname>t</varname>
|
|
and <varname>T</varname>, determines extended attributes to be set. For <varname>a</varname> and
|
|
<varname>A</varname>, determines ACL attributes to be set. For <varname>h</varname> and <varname>H</varname>,
|
|
determines the file attributes to set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This field can contain specifiers, see below.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Specifiers</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Specifiers can be used in the "path" and "argument" fields.
|
|
An unknown or unresolvable specifier is treated as invalid configuration.
|
|
The following expansions are understood:</para>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
|
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
|
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
|
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
<entry>Details</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Boot ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%C</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>System or user cache directory</entry>
|
|
<entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CACHE_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/cache</filename> otherwise.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%h</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>User home directory</entry>
|
|
<entry>This is the home directory of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>/root</literal>.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Host name</entry>
|
|
<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%L</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>System or user log directory</entry>
|
|
<entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname> with <filename noindex='true'>/log</filename> appended, and <filename>/var/log</filename> otherwise.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Machine ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%S</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>System or user state directory</entry>
|
|
<entry>In <option>--user</option> mode, this is the same as <varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname>, and <filename>/var/lib</filename> otherwise.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%t</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>System or user runtime directory</entry>
|
|
<entry>In --user mode, this is the same <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname>, and <filename>/run</filename> otherwise.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%T</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Directory for temporary files</entry>
|
|
<entry>This is either <filename>/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%u</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>User name</entry>
|
|
<entry>This is the name of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <literal>root</literal>.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%U</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>User UID</entry>
|
|
<entry>This is the numeric UID of the user running the command. In case of the system instance this resolves to <constant>0</constant>.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Kernel release</entry>
|
|
<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%V</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Directory for larger and persistent temporary files</entry>
|
|
<entry>This is either <filename>/var/tmp</filename> or the path <literal>$TMPDIR</literal>, <literal>$TEMP</literal> or <literal>$TMP</literal> are set to.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Escaped <literal>%</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create directories with specific mode and ownership</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf
|
|
d /run/screens 1777 root screen 10d
|
|
d /run/uscreens 0755 root screen 10d12h
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Contents of <filename>/run/screens</filename> and /run/uscreens will
|
|
be cleaned up after 10 and 10½ days, respectively.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create a directory with a SMACK attribute</title>
|
|
<programlisting>D /run/cups - - - -
|
|
t /run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing user.attr-with-spaces="foo bar"
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The directory will be owned by root and have default mode. Its contents are
|
|
not subject to time based cleanup, but will be obliterated when
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles --remove</command> runs.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Create a directory and prevent its contents from cleanup</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>abrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content
|
|
should be preserved from the automatic cleanup applied to the contents of
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
|
|
d /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf
|
|
d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt -
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Apply clean up during boot and based on time</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/dnf.conf
|
|
r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/download_lock.pid
|
|
r! /var/cache/dnf/*/*/metadata_lock.pid
|
|
r! /var/lib/dnf/rpmdb_lock.pid
|
|
e /var/cache/dnf/ - - - 30d
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The lock files will be removed during boot. Any files and directories in
|
|
<filename>/var/cache/dnf/</filename> will be removed after they have not been
|
|
accessed in 30 days.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Empty the contents of a cache directory on boot</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/krb5rcache.conf
|
|
e! /var/cache/krb5rcache - - - 0
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Any files and subdirectories in <filename>/var/cache/krb5rcache/</filename>
|
|
will be removed on boot. The directory will not be created.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-subvolume</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>btrfs-qgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|