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NEWS: begin collecting news items for 219
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Lennart Poettering
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NEWS
300
NEWS
@ -1,5 +1,305 @@
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systemd System and Service Manager
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CHANGES WITH 219:
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(This changes list is very incomplete, and the release is
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weeks out still.)
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* Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware
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metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query
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and enumerate the udev hwdb, decoupled from the old libudev
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library. libudev's interface for this is now only a wrapper
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around sd-hwdb. A new tool systemd-hwdb has been added to
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interface with and update the database.
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* When any of systemd's tools copies files (for example due to
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tmpfiles' C lines) a btrfs reflink will attempted first,
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before bytewise copying is done.
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* systemd-nspawn gained a new --ephemeral switch. When
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specified a btrfs snapshot is taken of the container's root
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directory, and immediately removed when the container
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terminates again. Thus, a container can be started whose
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changes never alter the container's root directory, and are
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lost on container termination. This switch can also be used
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for starting a container off the root file system of the
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host without affecting the host OS. This switch is only
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available on btrfs file systems.
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* systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the
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path to a container tree to use as template for the tree
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specified via --directory=, should that director be
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missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically,
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on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file
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systems.
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* When a .mount unit refers to a mount point on which multiple
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mounts are stacked, and the .mount unit is stopped all of
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the stacked mount points will now be unmounted until no
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mount point remains.
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* systemd now has an explicit notion of supported and
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unsupported unit types. Jobs enqueued for unsupported unit
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types will now fail with an "unsupported" error code. More
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specifically .swap, .automount and .device units are not
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supported in containers, .busname units are not supported on
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non-kdbus systems. .swap and .automount are also not
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supported if their respective kernel compile time options
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are disabled.
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* machinectl gained support for two new "copy-from" and
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"copy-to" commands for copying files from a running
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container to the host or vice versa.
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* machinectl gained support for a new "bind" command to bind
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mount host directories into local containers. This is
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currently only supported for nspawn containers.
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* networkd gained support for configuring bridge forwarding
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database entries (fdb) from .network files.
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* A new tiny daemon "systemd-importd" has been added that can
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download container images in tar, raw, qcow2 or dkr formats,
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and make them available locally in /var/lib/machines, so
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that they can run as nspawn containers. The daemon can GPG
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verify the downloads (not supported for dkr, since it has no
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provisions for verifying downloads). It will transparently
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decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary,
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and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege
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separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with
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fewer privileges than the deamon itself. machinectl has
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gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to
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make the functionality of importd available to the
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user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud"
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images can be downloaded and booted as containers unmodified
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(the Fedora images lack the appropriate GPG signature files
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currently, so they cannot be verified, but this will change
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soon, hopefully). Note that downloading images is currently
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only fully supported on btrfs.
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* machinectl is now able to list container images found in
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/var/lib/machines, along with some metadata about sizes of
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disk and similar. If the directory is located on btrfs and
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quota is enabled, this includes quota display. A new command
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"image-status" has been added that shows additional
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information about images.
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* machinectl is now able to clone container images
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efficiently, if the underlying file system (btrfs) supports
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it, with the new "machinectl list-images" command. It also
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gained commands for renaming and removing images, as well as
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marking them read-only or read-write (supported also on
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legacy file systems).
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* networkd gained support for collecting LLDP network
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announcements, from hardware that supports this. This is
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shown in networkctl output.
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* systemd-run gained support for a new -t (--pty) switch for
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invoking a binary on a pty whose input and output is
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connected to the invoking terminal. This allows executing
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processes as system services while interactively
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communicating with them via the terminal. Most interestingly
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this is supported across container boundaries. Invoking
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"systemd-run -t /bin/bash" is an alternative to running a
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full login session, the difference being that the former
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will not register a session, nor go through the PAM session
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setup.
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* tmpfiles gained support for a new "v" line type for creating
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btrfs subvolumes. If the underlying file system is a legacy
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file system, this automatically degrades to creating a
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normal directory. Among others /var/lib/machines is now
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created like this at boot, should it be missing.
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* The directory /var/lib/containers/ has been deprecated and
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been replaced by /var/lib/machines. The term "machines" has
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been used in the systemd context as generic term for both
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VMs and containers, and hence appears more appropriate for
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this, as the directory can also contain raw images bootable
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via qemu/kvm.
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* systemd-nspawn when invoked with -M but without --directory=
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or --image= is now capable of searching for the container
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root directory, subvolume or disk image automatically, in
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/var/lib/machines. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated
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to make use of this, thus allowing it to be used for raw
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disk images, too.
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* A new machines.target unit has been introduced that is
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supposed to group all containers/VMs invoked as services on
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the system. systemd-nspawn@.service has been updated to
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integrate with that.
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* machinectl gained a new "start" command, for invoking a
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container as a service. "machinectl start foo" is mostly
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equivalent to "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foo.service",
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but handles escaping in a nicer way.
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* systemd-nspawn will now mount most of the cgroupfs tree
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read-only into each container, with the exception of the
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container's own subtree in the name=systemd hierarchy.
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* journald now sets the special FS_NOCOW file flag for its
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journal files. This should improve performance on btrfs, by
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avoiding heavy fragmentation when journald's write-pattern
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is used on COW file systems. It degrades btrfs' data
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integrity guarantees for the files to the same levels as for
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ext3/ext4 however. This should be OK though as journald does
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its own data integrity checks and all its objects are
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checksummed on disk. Also, journald should handle btrfs disk
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full events a lot more gracefully now, by processing SIGBUS
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errors, and not relying on fallocate() anymore.
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* When journald detects that journal files it is writing to
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have been deleted it will immediately start new journal
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files.
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* systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors
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per-service in PID 1.This is useful for daemons to ensure
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that fds they require are not lost during a daemon
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restart. The fds are passed to the deamon on the next
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invocation in the same way socket activation fds are
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passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the
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various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr
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are not lost when journald is restarted. File descriptors
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may be stored in PID 1 via the sd_pid_notify_with_fds() API,
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an extension to sd_notify(). Note that a limit is enforced
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on the number of fds a service can store in PID 1, and it
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defaults to 0, so that no fds may be stored, unless this is
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explicitly turned on.
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* The default TERM variable to use for units connected to a
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terminal, when no other value is explicitly is set is now
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vt220 rather than vt102. This should be fairly safe still,
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but allows PgUp/PgDn work.
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* The /etc/crypttab option header= as known from Debian is now
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supported.
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* "loginctl user-status" and "loginctl session-status" will
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now show the last 10 lines of log messages of the
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user/session following the status output. Similar,
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"machinectl status" will show the last 10 log lines
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associated with a virtual machine or container
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service. (Note that this is usually not the log messages
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done in the VM/container itself, but simply what the
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container manager logs. For nspawn this includes all console
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output however.)
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* "loginctl session-status" without further argument will now
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show the status of the session of the caller. Similar,
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"lock-session", "unlock-session", "activate",
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"enable-linger", "disable-linger" may now be called without
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session/user parameter in which case they apply to the
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caller's session/user.
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* An X11 session scriptlet is now shipped that uploads
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$DISPLAY and $XAUTHORITY into the environment of the systemd
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--user daemon if a session begins. This should improve
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compatibility with X11 enabled applications run as systemd
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user services.
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* Generators are now subject to masking via /etc and /run, the
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same way as unit files.
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* networkd .network files gained support for configuring
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per-link IPv4/IPv6 packet forwarding as well as IPv4
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masquerading. This is by default turned on for veth links to
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containers, as registered by systemd-nspawn. This means that
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nspawn containers run with --network-veth will now get
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automatic routed access to the host's networks without any
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further configuration or setup, as long as networkd runs on
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the host.
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* systemd-nspawn gained the --port= (-p) switch to expose TCP
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or UDP posts of a container on the host. With this in place
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it is possible to run containers with private veth links
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(--network-veth), and have their functionality exposed on
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the host as if their services were running directly on the
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host.
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* systemd-nspawn's --network-beth switch now gained a short
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version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly
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useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been
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updated to make use of it too by default.
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* systemd-nspawn will now maintain a per-image R/W lock, to
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ensure that the same image is not started more than once
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writable. (It's OK to run an image multiple times
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simultaneously in read-only mode.)
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* systemd-nspawn's --image= option is now capable of
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dissecting and booting MBR and GPT disk images that contain
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only a single active Linux partition. Previously it
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supported only GPT disk images with proper GPT type
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IDs. This allows running cloud images from major
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distributions directly with systemd-nspawn, without
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modification.
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* In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev
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hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle
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information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is
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supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behaviour on mice
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that it knows about. There's also support for collecting
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information about Touchpad types.
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* udev's input_id built-in will now also collect touch screen
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dimension data and attach it to probed devices.
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* /etc/os-release gained support for a Distribution Privacy
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Policy link field.
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* networkd gained support for creating "ipvlan", "gretap",
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"ip6gre", "ip6gretap" and "ip6tnl" network devices.
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* systemd-tmpfiles gained support for "a" lines for setting
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ACLs on files.
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* systemd-nspawn will now mount /tmp in the container to
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tmpfs, automatically.
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* systemd now exposes the memory.usage_in_bytes cgroup
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attribute and shows it for each service in the "systemctl
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status" output, if available.
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* When the user presses Ctrl-Alt-Del more than 7x within 2s an
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immediate reboot is triggered. This useful if shutdown is
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hung and is unable to complete, to expedite the
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operation. Note that this kind of reboot will still unmount
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all file systems, and hence should not result in fsck being
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run on next reboot.
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* A .device unit for an optical block device will now be
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considered active only when a medium is in the drive. Also,
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mount units are now bound to their backing devices thus
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triggering automatic unmounting when devices become
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unavailable. With this in place systemd will now
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automatically unmount left-over mounts when a CD-ROM is
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ejected or an USB stick is yanked from the system.
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* networkd-wait-online now has support for waiting for
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specific interfaces only (with globbing), and for giving up
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after a configurable timeout.
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* networkd now exits when idle. It will be automatically
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restarted as soon as interfaces show up, are removed or
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change state. networkd will stay around as long as there is
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at least one DHCP state machine or similar around, that keep
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it non-idle.
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* networkd may now configure IPv6 link-local addressing in
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addition to IPv4 link-local addressing.
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* The IPv6 "token" for use in SLAAC may now be configured for
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each .network interface in networkd.
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* Routes configured with networkd may now be assigned a scope
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in .network files.
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* networkd's [Match] sections now support globbing and lists
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of multiple space-separated matches per item.
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CHANGES WITH 218:
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* When querying unit file enablement status (for example via
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