Merge pull request #7908 from yuwata/rfe-7895

core: add TemporaryFileSystem= setting and 'tmpfs' option to ProtectHome=

TRANSIENT-SETTINGS.md

@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ All execution-related settings are available for transient units.
 ✓ InaccessiblePaths=
 ✓ BindPaths=
 ✓ BindReadOnlyPaths=
+✓ TemporaryFileSystem=
 ✓ PrivateTmp=
 ✓ PrivateDevices=
 ✓ ProtectKernelTunables=

man/systemd.exec.xml

@@ -175,7 +175,9 @@
         source path, destination path and option string, where the latter two are optional. If only a source path is
         specified the source and destination is taken to be the same. The option string may be either
         <literal>rbind</literal> or <literal>norbind</literal> for configuring a recursive or non-recursive bind
-        mount. If the destination path is omitted, the option string must be omitted too.</para>
+        mount. If the destination path is omitted, the option string must be omitted too.
+        Each bind mount definition may be prefixed with <literal>-</literal>, in which case it will be ignored
+        when its source path does not exist.</para>
 
         <para><varname>BindPaths=</varname> creates regular writable bind mounts (unless the source file system mount
         is already marked read-only), while <varname>BindReadOnlyPaths=</varname> creates read-only bind mounts. These
@@ -786,14 +788,24 @@ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_B CAP_C</programlisting>
       <varlistentry>
         <term><varname>ProtectHome=</varname></term>
 
-        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument or <literal>read-only</literal>. If true, the directories
-        <filename>/home</filename>, <filename>/root</filename> and <filename>/run/user</filename> are made inaccessible
-        and empty for processes invoked by this unit. If set to <literal>read-only</literal>, the three directories are
-        made read-only instead. It is recommended to enable this setting for all long-running services (in particular
-        network-facing ones), to ensure they cannot get access to private user data, unless the services actually
-        require access to the user's private data. This setting is implied if <varname>DynamicUser=</varname> is
-        set. For this setting the same restrictions regarding mount propagation and privileges apply as for
-        <varname>ReadOnlyPaths=</varname> and related calls, see below.</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument or the special values <literal>read-only</literal> or
+        <literal>tmpfs</literal>. If true, the directories <filename>/home</filename>, <filename>/root</filename> and
+        <filename>/run/user</filename> are made inaccessible and empty for processes invoked by this unit. If set to
+        <literal>read-only</literal>, the three directories are made read-only instead. If set to <literal>tmpfs</literal>,
+        temporary file systems are mounted on the three directories in read-only mode. The value <literal>tmpfs</literal>
+        is useful to hide home directories not relevant to the processes invoked by the unit, while necessary directories
+        are still visible by combining with <varname>BindPaths=</varname> or <varname>BindReadOnlyPaths=</varname>.</para>
+
+        <para>Setting this to <literal>yes</literal> is mostly equivalent to set the three directories in
+        <varname>InaccessiblePaths=</varname>. Similary, <literal>read-only</literal> is mostly equivalent to
+        <varname>ReadOnlyPaths=</varname>, and <literal>tmpfs</literal> is mostly equivalent to
+        <varname>TemporaryFileSystem=</varname>.</para>
+
+        <para> It is recommended to enable this setting for all long-running services (in particular network-facing ones),
+        to ensure they cannot get access to private user data, unless the services actually require access to the user's
+        private data. This setting is implied if <varname>DynamicUser=</varname> is set. For this setting the same
+        restrictions regarding mount propagation and privileges apply as for <varname>ReadOnlyPaths=</varname> and related
+        calls, see below.</para></listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
@@ -930,6 +942,29 @@ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_B CAP_C</programlisting>
         <varname>SystemCallFilter=~@mount</varname>.</para></listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>TemporaryFileSystem=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of mount points for temporary file systems (tmpfs). If set, a new file
+        system namespace is set up for executed processes, and a temporary file system is mounted on each mount point.
+        This option may be specified more than once, in which case temporary file systems are mounted on all listed mount
+        points. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list is reset, and all prior assignments have no effect.
+        Each mount point may optionally be suffixed with a colon (<literal>:</literal>) and mount options such as
+        <literal>size=10%</literal> or <literal>ro</literal>. By default, each temporary file system is mounted
+        with <literal>nodev,strictatime,mode=0755</literal>. These can be disabled by explicitly specifying the corresponding
+        mount options, e.g., <literal>dev</literal> or <literal>nostrictatime</literal>.</para>
+
+        <para>This is useful to hide files or directories not relevant to the processes invoked by the unit, while necessary
+        files or directories can be still accessed by combining with <varname>BindPaths=</varname> or
+        <varname>BindReadOnlyPaths=</varname>. See the example below.</para>
+
+        <para>Example: if a unit has the following,
+        <programlisting>TemporaryFileSystem=/var:ro
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/var/lib/systemd</programlisting>
+        then the invoked processes by the unit cannot see any files or directories under <filename>/var</filename> except for
+        <filename>/var/lib/systemd</filename> or its contents.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
       <varlistentry>
         <term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>
 

src/basic/meson.build

@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ libbasic = static_library(
         dependencies : [threads,
                         libcap,
                         libblkid,
+                        libmount,
                         libselinux],
         c_args : ['-fvisibility=default'],
         install : false)

src/basic/mount-util.c

@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+/* Include later */
+#include <libmount.h>
+
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "fs-util.h"
@@ -810,29 +814,37 @@ int mount_verbose(
                 unsigned long flags,
                 const char *options) {
 
-        _cleanup_free_ char *fl = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fl = NULL, *o = NULL;
+        unsigned long f;
+        int r;
 
-        fl = mount_flags_to_string(flags);
+        r = mount_option_mangle(options, flags, &f, &o);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(error_log_level, r,
+                                      "Failed to mangle mount options %s: %m",
+                                      strempty(options));
 
-        if ((flags & MS_REMOUNT) && !what && !type)
+        fl = mount_flags_to_string(f);
+
+        if ((f & MS_REMOUNT) && !what && !type)
                 log_debug("Remounting %s (%s \"%s\")...",
-                          where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
+                          where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
         else if (!what && !type)
                 log_debug("Mounting %s (%s \"%s\")...",
-                          where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
-        else if ((flags & MS_BIND) && !type)
+                          where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
+        else if ((f & MS_BIND) && !type)
                 log_debug("Bind-mounting %s on %s (%s \"%s\")...",
-                          what, where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
-        else if (flags & MS_MOVE)
+                          what, where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
+        else if (f & MS_MOVE)
                 log_debug("Moving mount %s → %s (%s \"%s\")...",
-                          what, where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
+                          what, where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
         else
                 log_debug("Mounting %s on %s (%s \"%s\")...",
-                          strna(type), where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
-        if (mount(what, where, type, flags, options) < 0)
+                          strna(type), where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
+        if (mount(what, where, type, f, o) < 0)
                 return log_full_errno(error_log_level, errno,
                                       "Failed to mount %s on %s (%s \"%s\"): %m",
-                                      strna(type), where, strnull(fl), strempty(options));
+                                      strna(type), where, strnull(fl), strempty(o));
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -874,3 +886,73 @@ int mount_propagation_flags_from_string(const char *name, unsigned long *ret) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         return 0;
 }
+
+int mount_option_mangle(
+                const char *options,
+                unsigned long mount_flags,
+                unsigned long *ret_mount_flags,
+                char **ret_remaining_options) {
+
+        const struct libmnt_optmap *map;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ret = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        /* This extracts mount flags from the mount options, and store
+         * non-mount-flag options to '*ret_remaining_options'.
+         * E.g.,
+         * "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1630748k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000"
+         * is split to MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_RELATIME and
+         * "size=1630748k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000".
+         * See more examples in test-mount-utils.c.
+         *
+         * Note that if 'options' does not contain any non-mount-flag options,
+         * then '*ret_remaining_options' is set to NULL instread of empty string.
+         * Note that this does not check validity of options stored in
+         * '*ret_remaining_options'.
+         * Note that if 'options' is NULL, then this just copies 'mount_flags'
+         * to '*ret_mount_flags'. */
+
+        assert(ret_mount_flags);
+        assert(ret_remaining_options);
+
+        map = mnt_get_builtin_optmap(MNT_LINUX_MAP);
+        if (!map)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = options;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                const struct libmnt_optmap *ent;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ",", EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                for (ent = map; ent->name; ent++) {
+                        /* All entries in MNT_LINUX_MAP do not take any argument.
+                         * Thus, ent->name does not contain "=" or "[=]". */
+                        if (!streq(word, ent->name))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!(ent->mask & MNT_INVERT))
+                                mount_flags |= ent->id;
+                        else if (mount_flags & ent->id)
+                                mount_flags ^= ent->id;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /* If 'word' is not a mount flag, then store it in '*ret_remaining_options'. */
+                if (!ent->name && !strextend_with_separator(&ret, ",", word, NULL))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *ret_mount_flags = mount_flags;
+        *ret_remaining_options = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}

src/basic/mount-util.h

@@ -67,3 +67,9 @@ int umount_verbose(const char *where);
 
 const char *mount_propagation_flags_to_string(unsigned long flags);
 int mount_propagation_flags_from_string(const char *name, unsigned long *ret);
+
+int mount_option_mangle(
+                const char *options,
+                unsigned long mount_flags,
+                unsigned long *ret_mount_flags,
+                char **ret_remaining_options);

src/core/dbus-execute.c

@@ -781,6 +781,42 @@ static int property_get_bind_paths(
         return sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
 }
 
+static int property_get_temporary_filesystems(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        ExecContext *c = userdata;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(property);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "(ss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < c->n_temporary_filesystems; i++) {
+                TemporaryFileSystem *t = c->temporary_filesystems + i;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(
+                                reply, "(ss)",
+                                t->path,
+                                t->options);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+}
+
 static int property_get_log_extra_fields(
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 const char *path,
@@ -934,6 +970,7 @@ const sd_bus_vtable bus_exec_vtable[] = {
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("RestrictNamespaces", "t", bus_property_get_ulong, offsetof(ExecContext, restrict_namespaces), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("BindPaths", "a(ssbt)", property_get_bind_paths, 0, SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("BindReadOnlyPaths", "a(ssbt)", property_get_bind_paths, 0, SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("TemporaryFileSystem", "a(ss)", property_get_temporary_filesystems, 0, SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("MountAPIVFS", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, mount_apivfs), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("KeyringMode", "s", property_get_exec_keyring_mode, offsetof(ExecContext, keyring_mode), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
 
@@ -2293,11 +2330,7 @@ int bus_exec_context_set_transient_property(
                 int ignore;
                 const char *s;
 
-                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(message, 'r', "bs");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "bs", &ignore, &s);
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "(bs)", &ignore, &s);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -2328,24 +2361,16 @@ int bus_exec_context_set_transient_property(
                 return 1;
 
         } else if (STR_IN_SET(name, "BindPaths", "BindReadOnlyPaths")) {
-                unsigned empty = true;
+                const char *source, *destination;
+                int ignore_enoent;
+                uint64_t mount_flags;
+                bool empty = true;
 
                 r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(message, 'a', "(ssbt)");
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                while ((r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(message, 'r', "ssbt")) > 0) {
-                        const char *source, *destination;
-                        int ignore_enoent;
-                        uint64_t mount_flags;
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "ssbt", &source, &destination, &ignore_enoent, &mount_flags);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(message);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
+                while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "(ssbt)", &source, &destination, &ignore_enoent, &mount_flags)) > 0) {
 
                         if (!path_is_absolute(source))
                                 return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Source path %s is not absolute.", source);
@@ -2393,6 +2418,51 @@ int bus_exec_context_set_transient_property(
                         unit_write_settingf(u, flags, name, "%s=", name);
                 }
 
+                return 1;
+
+        } else if (streq(name, "TemporaryFileSystem")) {
+                const char *path, *options;
+                bool empty = true;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(message, 'a', "(ss)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "(ss)", &path, &options)) > 0) {
+
+                        if (!path_is_absolute(path))
+                                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Mount point %s is not absolute.", path);
+
+                        if (!UNIT_WRITE_FLAGS_NOOP(flags)) {
+                                r = temporary_filesystem_add(&c->temporary_filesystems, &c->n_temporary_filesystems, path, options);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                unit_write_settingf(
+                                                u, flags|UNIT_ESCAPE_SPECIFIERS, name,
+                                                "%s=%s:%s",
+                                                name,
+                                                path,
+                                                options);
+                        }
+
+                        empty = false;
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(message);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (empty) {
+                        temporary_filesystem_free_many(c->temporary_filesystems, c->n_temporary_filesystems);
+                        c->temporary_filesystems = NULL;
+                        c->n_temporary_filesystems = 0;
+
+                        unit_write_settingf(u, flags, name, "%s=", name);
+                }
+
                 return 1;
         }
 

src/core/execute.c

@@ -1793,6 +1793,9 @@ static bool exec_needs_mount_namespace(
         if (context->n_bind_mounts > 0)
                 return true;
 
+        if (context->n_temporary_filesystems > 0)
+                return true;
+
         if (context->mount_flags != 0)
                 return true;
 
@@ -2258,11 +2261,9 @@ static int compile_bind_mounts(
                         }
 
                         r = strv_consume(&empty_directories, private_root);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 goto finish;
                 }
-                }
 
                 STRV_FOREACH(suffix, context->directories[t].paths) {
                         char *s, *d;
@@ -2373,6 +2374,8 @@ static int apply_mount_namespace(
                             empty_directories,
                             bind_mounts,
                             n_bind_mounts,
+                            context->temporary_filesystems,
+                            context->n_temporary_filesystems,
                             tmp,
                             var,
                             needs_sandboxing ? context->protect_home : PROTECT_HOME_NO,
@@ -3623,6 +3626,11 @@ void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
         c->inaccessible_paths = strv_free(c->inaccessible_paths);
 
         bind_mount_free_many(c->bind_mounts, c->n_bind_mounts);
+        c->bind_mounts = NULL;
+        c->n_bind_mounts = 0;
+        temporary_filesystem_free_many(c->temporary_filesystems, c->n_temporary_filesystems);
+        c->temporary_filesystems = NULL;
+        c->n_temporary_filesystems = 0;
 
         c->cpuset = cpu_set_mfree(c->cpuset);
 
@@ -4173,12 +4181,22 @@ void exec_context_dump(const ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
         }
 
         if (c->n_bind_mounts > 0)
-                for (i = 0; i < c->n_bind_mounts; i++) {
-                        fprintf(f, "%s%s: %s:%s:%s\n", prefix,
+                for (i = 0; i < c->n_bind_mounts; i++)
+                        fprintf(f, "%s%s: %s%s:%s:%s\n", prefix,
                                 c->bind_mounts[i].read_only ? "BindReadOnlyPaths" : "BindPaths",
+                                c->bind_mounts[i].ignore_enoent ? "-": "",
                                 c->bind_mounts[i].source,
                                 c->bind_mounts[i].destination,
                                 c->bind_mounts[i].recursive ? "rbind" : "norbind");
+
+        if (c->n_temporary_filesystems > 0)
+                for (i = 0; i < c->n_temporary_filesystems; i++) {
+                        TemporaryFileSystem *t = c->temporary_filesystems + i;
+
+                        fprintf(f, "%sTemporaryFileSystem: %s%s%s\n", prefix,
+                                t->path,
+                                isempty(t->options) ? "" : ":",
+                                strempty(t->options));
                 }
 
         if (c->utmp_id)

src/core/execute.h

@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ struct ExecContext {
         unsigned long mount_flags;
         BindMount *bind_mounts;
         unsigned n_bind_mounts;
+        TemporaryFileSystem *temporary_filesystems;
+        unsigned n_temporary_filesystems;
 
         uint64_t capability_bounding_set;
         uint64_t capability_ambient_set;

src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ $1.ReadOnlyPaths,                config_parse_namespace_path_strv,   0,
 $1.InaccessiblePaths,            config_parse_namespace_path_strv,   0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context.inaccessible_paths)
 $1.BindPaths,                    config_parse_bind_paths,            0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context)
 $1.BindReadOnlyPaths,            config_parse_bind_paths,            0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context)
+$1.TemporaryFileSystem,          config_parse_temporary_filesystems, 0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context)
 $1.PrivateTmp,                   config_parse_bool,                  0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context.private_tmp)
 $1.PrivateDevices,               config_parse_bool,                  0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context.private_devices)
 $1.ProtectKernelTunables,        config_parse_bool,                  0,                             offsetof($1, exec_context.protect_kernel_tunables)

src/core/load-fragment.c

@@ -4174,6 +4174,83 @@ int config_parse_namespace_path_strv(
         return 0;
 }
 
+int config_parse_temporary_filesystems(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        ExecContext *c = data;
+        const char *cur;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+                /* Empty assignment resets the list */
+                temporary_filesystem_free_many(c->temporary_filesystems, c->n_temporary_filesystems);
+                c->temporary_filesystems = NULL;
+                c->n_temporary_filesystems = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        cur = rvalue;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *path = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
+                const char *w;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&cur, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract first word, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                w = word;
+                r = extract_first_word(&w, &path, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = unit_full_printf(u, path, &resolved);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to resolve specifiers in %s, ignoring: %m", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(resolved)) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Not an absolute path, ignoring: %s", resolved);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                path_kill_slashes(resolved);
+
+                r = temporary_filesystem_add(&c->temporary_filesystems, &c->n_temporary_filesystems, path, w);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return log_oom();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse mount options, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int config_parse_bind_paths(
                 const char *unit,
                 const char *filename,

src/core/load-fragment.h

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ int config_parse_runtime_preserve_mode(const char *unit, const char *filename, u
 int config_parse_exec_directories(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_set_status(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_namespace_path_strv(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_temporary_filesystems(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_no_new_privileges(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_cpu_quota(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_protect_home(const char* unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);

src/core/namespace.c

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ typedef enum MountMode {
         BIND_MOUNT,
         BIND_MOUNT_RECURSIVE,
         PRIVATE_TMP,
-        PRIVATE_VAR_TMP,
         PRIVATE_DEV,
         BIND_DEV,
         EMPTY_DIR,
@@ -66,6 +65,7 @@ typedef enum MountMode {
         PROCFS,
         READONLY,
         READWRITE,
+        TMPFS,
 } MountMode;
 
 typedef struct MountEntry {
@@ -74,9 +74,12 @@ typedef struct MountEntry {
         bool ignore:1;            /* Ignore if path does not exist? */
         bool has_prefix:1;        /* Already is prefixed by the root dir? */
         bool read_only:1;         /* Shall this mount point be read-only? */
-        char *path_malloc;        /* Use this instead of 'path' if we had to allocate memory */
+        char *path_malloc;        /* Use this instead of 'path_const' if we had to allocate memory */
         const char *source_const; /* The source path, for bind mounts */
         char *source_malloc;
+        const char *options_const;/* Mount options for tmpfs */
+        char *options_malloc;
+        unsigned long flags;      /* Mount flags used by EMPTY_DIR and TMPFS. Do not include MS_RDONLY here, but please use read_only. */
 } MountEntry;
 
 /* If MountAPIVFS= is used, let's mount /sys and /proc into the it, but only as a fallback if the user hasn't mounted
@@ -125,6 +128,13 @@ static const MountEntry protect_home_read_only_table[] = {
         { "/root",               READONLY,     true  },
 };
 
+/* ProtectHome=tmpfs table */
+static const MountEntry protect_home_tmpfs_table[] = {
+        { "/home",               TMPFS,        true, .read_only = true, .options_const = "mode=0755", .flags = MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME },
+        { "/run/user",           TMPFS,        true, .read_only = true, .options_const = "mode=0755", .flags = MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME },
+        { "/root",               TMPFS,        true, .read_only = true, .options_const = "mode=0700", .flags = MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME },
+};
+
 /* ProtectHome=yes table */
 static const MountEntry protect_home_yes_table[] = {
         { "/home",               INACCESSIBLE, true  },
@@ -186,11 +196,18 @@ static const char *mount_entry_source(const MountEntry *p) {
         return p->source_malloc ?: p->source_const;
 }
 
+static const char *mount_entry_options(const MountEntry *p) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        return p->options_malloc ?: p->options_const;
+}
+
 static void mount_entry_done(MountEntry *p) {
         assert(p);
 
         p->path_malloc = mfree(p->path_malloc);
         p->source_malloc = mfree(p->source_malloc);
+        p->options_malloc = mfree(p->options_malloc);
 }
 
 static int append_access_mounts(MountEntry **p, char **strv, MountMode mode, bool forcibly_require_prefix) {
@@ -244,6 +261,8 @@ static int append_empty_dir_mounts(MountEntry **p, char **strv) {
                         .ignore = false,
                         .has_prefix = false,
                         .read_only = true,
+                        .options_const = "mode=755",
+                        .flags = MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME,
                 };
         }
 
@@ -263,12 +282,56 @@ static int append_bind_mounts(MountEntry **p, const BindMount *binds, unsigned n
                         .mode = b->recursive ? BIND_MOUNT_RECURSIVE : BIND_MOUNT,
                         .read_only = b->read_only,
                         .source_const = b->source,
+                        .ignore = b->ignore_enoent,
                 };
         }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int append_tmpfs_mounts(MountEntry **p, const TemporaryFileSystem *tmpfs, unsigned n) {
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                const TemporaryFileSystem *t = tmpfs + i;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *o = NULL, *str = NULL;
+                unsigned long flags = MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME;
+                bool ro = false;
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(t->path))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!isempty(t->options)) {
+                        str = strjoin("mode=0755,", t->options);
+                        if (!str)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = mount_option_mangle(str, MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, &flags, &o);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        ro = !!(flags & MS_RDONLY);
+                        if (ro)
+                                flags ^= MS_RDONLY;
+                }
+
+                *((*p)++) = (MountEntry) {
+                        .path_const = t->path,
+                        .mode = TMPFS,
+                        .read_only = ro,
+                        .options_malloc = o,
+                        .flags = flags,
+                };
+
+                o = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int append_static_mounts(MountEntry **p, const MountEntry *mounts, unsigned n, bool ignore_protect) {
         unsigned i;
 
@@ -298,6 +361,9 @@ static int append_protect_home(MountEntry **p, ProtectHome protect_home, bool ig
         case PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY:
                 return append_static_mounts(p, protect_home_read_only_table, ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_read_only_table), ignore_protect);
 
+        case PROTECT_HOME_TMPFS:
+                return append_static_mounts(p, protect_home_tmpfs_table, ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_tmpfs_table), ignore_protect);
+
         case PROTECT_HOME_YES:
                 return append_static_mounts(p, protect_home_yes_table, ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_yes_table), ignore_protect);
 
@@ -366,9 +432,7 @@ static int prefix_where_needed(MountEntry *m, unsigned n, const char *root_direc
                 if (!s)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
-                free(m[i].path_malloc);
-                m[i].path_malloc = s;
-
+                free_and_replace(m[i].path_malloc, s);
                 m[i].has_prefix = true;
         }
 
@@ -651,7 +715,7 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
-static int mount_bind_dev(MountEntry *m) {
+static int mount_bind_dev(const MountEntry *m) {
         int r;
 
         assert(m);
@@ -673,7 +737,7 @@ static int mount_bind_dev(MountEntry *m) {
         return 1;
 }
 
-static int mount_sysfs(MountEntry *m) {
+static int mount_sysfs(const MountEntry *m) {
         int r;
 
         assert(m);
@@ -693,7 +757,7 @@ static int mount_sysfs(MountEntry *m) {
         return 1;
 }
 
-static int mount_procfs(MountEntry *m) {
+static int mount_procfs(const MountEntry *m) {
         int r;
 
         assert(m);
@@ -713,15 +777,15 @@ static int mount_procfs(MountEntry *m) {
         return 1;
 }
 
-static int mount_empty_dir(MountEntry *m) {
+static int mount_tmpfs(const MountEntry *m) {
         assert(m);
 
-        /* First, get rid of everything that is below if there is anything. Then, overmount with our new empty dir */
+        /* First, get rid of everything that is below if there is anything. Then, overmount with our new tmpfs */
 
         (void) mkdir_p_label(mount_entry_path(m), 0755);
         (void) umount_recursive(mount_entry_path(m), 0);
 
-        if (mount("tmpfs", mount_entry_path(m), "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0)
+        if (mount("tmpfs", mount_entry_path(m), "tmpfs", m->flags, mount_entry_options(m)) < 0)
                 return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to mount %s: %m", mount_entry_path(m));
 
         return 1;
@@ -729,13 +793,13 @@ static int mount_empty_dir(MountEntry *m) {
 
 static int mount_entry_chase(
                 const char *root_directory,
-                MountEntry *m,
+                const MountEntry *m,
                 const char *path,
+                bool chase_nonexistent,
                 char **location) {
 
         char *chased;
         int r;
-        unsigned flags = 0;
 
         assert(m);
 
@@ -743,19 +807,7 @@ static int mount_entry_chase(
          * chase the symlinks on our own first. This is called for the destination path, as well as the source path (if
          * that applies). The result is stored in "location". */
 
-        if (IN_SET(m->mode,
-                   BIND_MOUNT,
-                   BIND_MOUNT_RECURSIVE,
-                   PRIVATE_TMP,
-                   PRIVATE_VAR_TMP,
-                   PRIVATE_DEV,
-                   BIND_DEV,
-                   EMPTY_DIR,
-                   SYSFS,
-                   PROCFS))
-                flags |= CHASE_NONEXISTENT;
-
-        r = chase_symlinks(path, root_directory, flags, &chased);
+        r = chase_symlinks(path, root_directory, chase_nonexistent ? CHASE_NONEXISTENT : 0, &chased);
         if (r == -ENOENT && m->ignore) {
                 log_debug_errno(r, "Path %s does not exist, ignoring.", path);
                 return 0;
@@ -773,9 +825,7 @@ static int mount_entry_chase(
 
 static int apply_mount(
                 const char *root_directory,
-                MountEntry *m,
-                const char *tmp_dir,
-                const char *var_tmp_dir) {
+                MountEntry *m) {
 
         bool rbind = true, make = false;
         const char *what;
@@ -783,7 +833,7 @@ static int apply_mount(
 
         assert(m);
 
-        r = mount_entry_chase(root_directory, m, mount_entry_path(m), &m->path_malloc);
+        r = mount_entry_chase(root_directory, m, mount_entry_path(m), !IN_SET(m->mode, INACCESSIBLE, READONLY, READWRITE), &m->path_malloc);
         if (r <= 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -828,7 +878,7 @@ static int apply_mount(
         case BIND_MOUNT_RECURSIVE:
                 /* Also chase the source mount */
 
-                r = mount_entry_chase(root_directory, m, mount_entry_source(m), &m->source_malloc);
+                r = mount_entry_chase(root_directory, m, mount_entry_source(m), false, &m->source_malloc);
                 if (r <= 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -837,15 +887,11 @@ static int apply_mount(
                 break;
 
         case EMPTY_DIR:
-                return mount_empty_dir(m);
+        case TMPFS:
+                return mount_tmpfs(m);
 
         case PRIVATE_TMP:
-                what = tmp_dir;
-                make = true;
-                break;
-
-        case PRIVATE_VAR_TMP:
-                what = var_tmp_dir;
+                what = mount_entry_source(m);
                 make = true;
                 break;
 
@@ -902,15 +948,21 @@ static int apply_mount(
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int make_read_only(MountEntry *m, char **blacklist, FILE *proc_self_mountinfo) {
+static int make_read_only(const MountEntry *m, char **blacklist, FILE *proc_self_mountinfo) {
         int r = 0;
 
         assert(m);
         assert(proc_self_mountinfo);
 
-        if (mount_entry_read_only(m))
+        if (mount_entry_read_only(m)) {
+                if (IN_SET(m->mode, EMPTY_DIR, TMPFS)) {
+                        /* Make superblock readonly */
+                        if (mount(NULL, mount_entry_path(m), NULL, MS_REMOUNT | MS_RDONLY | m->flags, mount_entry_options(m)) < 0)
+                                r = -errno;
+                } else
                         r = bind_remount_recursive_with_mountinfo(mount_entry_path(m), true, blacklist, proc_self_mountinfo);
-        else if (m->mode == PRIVATE_DEV) { /* Superblock can be readonly but the submounts can't */
+        } else if (m->mode == PRIVATE_DEV) {
+                /* Superblock can be readonly but the submounts can't */
                 if (mount(NULL, mount_entry_path(m), NULL, MS_REMOUNT|DEV_MOUNT_OPTIONS|MS_RDONLY, NULL) < 0)
                         r = -errno;
         } else
@@ -949,8 +1001,8 @@ static unsigned namespace_calculate_mounts(
                 char** read_only_paths,
                 char** inaccessible_paths,
                 char** empty_directories,
-                const BindMount *bind_mounts,
                 unsigned n_bind_mounts,
+                unsigned n_temporary_filesystems,
                 const char* tmp_dir,
                 const char* var_tmp_dir,
                 ProtectHome protect_home,
@@ -969,7 +1021,9 @@ static unsigned namespace_calculate_mounts(
                 (protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_YES ?
                  ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_yes_table) :
                  ((protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY) ?
-                  ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_read_only_table) : 0));
+                  ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_read_only_table) :
+                  ((protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_TMPFS) ?
+                   ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_tmpfs_table) : 0)));
 
         return !!tmp_dir + !!var_tmp_dir +
                 strv_length(read_write_paths) +
@@ -977,6 +1031,7 @@ static unsigned namespace_calculate_mounts(
                 strv_length(inaccessible_paths) +
                 strv_length(empty_directories) +
                 n_bind_mounts +
+                n_temporary_filesystems +
                 ns_info->private_dev +
                 (ns_info->protect_kernel_tunables ? ELEMENTSOF(protect_kernel_tunables_table) : 0) +
                 (ns_info->protect_control_groups ? 1 : 0) +
@@ -995,6 +1050,8 @@ int setup_namespace(
                 char** empty_directories,
                 const BindMount *bind_mounts,
                 unsigned n_bind_mounts,
+                const TemporaryFileSystem *temporary_filesystems,
+                unsigned n_temporary_filesystems,
                 const char* tmp_dir,
                 const char* var_tmp_dir,
                 ProtectHome protect_home,
@@ -1046,7 +1103,7 @@ int setup_namespace(
 
         if (root_directory)
                 root = root_directory;
-        else if (root_image || n_bind_mounts > 0) {
+        else if (root_image || n_bind_mounts > 0 || n_temporary_filesystems > 0) {
 
                 /* If we are booting from an image, create a mount point for the image, if it's still missing. We use
                  * the same mount point for all images, which is safe, since they all live in their own namespaces
@@ -1067,7 +1124,8 @@ int setup_namespace(
                         read_only_paths,
                         inaccessible_paths,
                         empty_directories,
-                        bind_mounts, n_bind_mounts,
+                        n_bind_mounts,
+                        n_temporary_filesystems,
                         tmp_dir, var_tmp_dir,
                         protect_home, protect_system);
 
@@ -1097,17 +1155,23 @@ int setup_namespace(
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto finish;
 
+                r = append_tmpfs_mounts(&m, temporary_filesystems, n_temporary_filesystems);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
                 if (tmp_dir) {
                         *(m++) = (MountEntry) {
                                 .path_const = "/tmp",
                                 .mode = PRIVATE_TMP,
+                                .source_const = tmp_dir,
                         };
                 }
 
                 if (var_tmp_dir) {
                         *(m++) = (MountEntry) {
                                 .path_const = "/var/tmp",
-                                .mode = PRIVATE_VAR_TMP,
+                                .mode = PRIVATE_TMP,
+                                .source_const = var_tmp_dir,
                         };
                 }
 
@@ -1235,7 +1299,7 @@ int setup_namespace(
 
                 /* First round, add in all special mounts we need */
                 for (m = mounts; m < mounts + n_mounts; ++m) {
-                        r = apply_mount(root, m, tmp_dir, var_tmp_dir);
+                        r = apply_mount(root, m);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 goto finish;
                 }
@@ -1261,7 +1325,7 @@ int setup_namespace(
                         goto finish;
         }
 
-        /* Remount / as the desired mode. Not that this will not
+        /* Remount / as the desired mode. Note that this will not
          * reestablish propagation from our side to the host, since
          * what's disconnected is disconnected. */
         if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, mount_flags | MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
@@ -1325,6 +1389,57 @@ int bind_mount_add(BindMount **b, unsigned *n, const BindMount *item) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+void temporary_filesystem_free_many(TemporaryFileSystem *t, unsigned n) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(t || n == 0);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                free(t[i].path);
+                free(t[i].options);
+        }
+
+        free(t);
+}
+
+int temporary_filesystem_add(
+                TemporaryFileSystem **t,
+                unsigned *n,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *options) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *o = NULL;
+        TemporaryFileSystem *c;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(n);
+        assert(path);
+
+        p = strdup(path);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!isempty(options)) {
+                o = strdup(options);
+                if (!o)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        c = realloc_multiply(*t, sizeof(TemporaryFileSystem), *n + 1);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *t = c;
+
+        c[(*n) ++] = (TemporaryFileSystem) {
+                .path = p,
+                .options = o,
+        };
+
+        p = o = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int setup_one_tmp_dir(const char *id, const char *prefix, char **path) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL;
         char bid[SD_ID128_STRING_MAX];
@@ -1473,6 +1588,7 @@ static const char *const protect_home_table[_PROTECT_HOME_MAX] = {
         [PROTECT_HOME_NO] = "no",
         [PROTECT_HOME_YES] = "yes",
         [PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY] = "read-only",
+        [PROTECT_HOME_TMPFS] = "tmpfs",
 };
 
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(protect_home, ProtectHome);

src/core/namespace.h

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 typedef struct NamespaceInfo NamespaceInfo;
 typedef struct BindMount BindMount;
+typedef struct TemporaryFileSystem TemporaryFileSystem;
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ typedef enum ProtectHome {
         PROTECT_HOME_NO,
         PROTECT_HOME_YES,
         PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY,
+        PROTECT_HOME_TMPFS,
         _PROTECT_HOME_MAX,
         _PROTECT_HOME_INVALID = -1
 } ProtectHome;
@@ -75,6 +77,11 @@ struct BindMount {
         bool ignore_enoent:1;
 };
 
+struct TemporaryFileSystem {
+        char *path;
+        char *options;
+};
+
 int setup_namespace(
                 const char *root_directory,
                 const char *root_image,
@@ -85,6 +92,8 @@ int setup_namespace(
                 char **empty_directories,
                 const BindMount *bind_mounts,
                 unsigned n_bind_mounts,
+                const TemporaryFileSystem *temporary_filesystems,
+                unsigned n_temporary_filesystems,
                 const char *tmp_dir,
                 const char *var_tmp_dir,
                 ProtectHome protect_home,
@@ -110,6 +119,10 @@ ProtectSystem parse_protect_system_or_bool(const char *s);
 void bind_mount_free_many(BindMount *b, unsigned n);
 int bind_mount_add(BindMount **b, unsigned *n, const BindMount *item);
 
+void temporary_filesystem_free_many(TemporaryFileSystem *t, unsigned n);
+int temporary_filesystem_add(TemporaryFileSystem **t, unsigned *n,
+                             const char *path, const char *options);
+
 const char* namespace_type_to_string(NamespaceType t) _const_;
 NamespaceType namespace_type_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 

src/nspawn/nspawn-mount.c

@@ -634,56 +634,15 @@ int mount_all(const char *dest,
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_mount_bind_options(const char *options, unsigned long *mount_flags, char **mount_opts) {
-        const char *p = options;
-        unsigned long flags = *mount_flags;
-        char *opts = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(options);
-
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-
-                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, ",", 0);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extract mount option: %m");
-                if (r == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                if (streq(word, "rbind"))
-                        flags |= MS_REC;
-                else if (streq(word, "norbind"))
-                        flags &= ~MS_REC;
-                else {
-                        log_error("Invalid bind mount option: %s", word);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-        }
-
-        *mount_flags = flags;
-        /* in the future mount_opts will hold string options for mount(2) */
-        *mount_opts = opts;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
 static int mount_bind(const char *dest, CustomMount *m) {
 
-        _cleanup_free_ char *mount_opts = NULL, *where = NULL;
-        unsigned long mount_flags = MS_BIND | MS_REC;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
         struct stat source_st, dest_st;
         int r;
 
         assert(dest);
         assert(m);
 
-        if (m->options) {
-                r = parse_mount_bind_options(m->options, &mount_flags, &mount_opts);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
         if (stat(m->source, &source_st) < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s: %m", m->source);
 
@@ -723,7 +682,7 @@ static int mount_bind(const char *dest, CustomMount *m) {
 
         }
 
-        r = mount_verbose(LOG_ERR, m->source, where, NULL, mount_flags, mount_opts);
+        r = mount_verbose(LOG_ERR, m->source, where, NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REC, m->options);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 

src/shared/bus-unit-util.c

@@ -1135,6 +1135,62 @@ static int bus_append_execute_property(sd_bus_message *m, const char *field, con
                 return 1;
         }
 
+        if (streq(field, "TemporaryFileSystem")) {
+                const char *p = eq;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, field);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "a(ss)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(ss)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL, *path = NULL;
+                        const char *w;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse argument: %m");
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        w = word;
+                        r = extract_first_word(&w, &path, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse argument: %m");
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return log_error("Failed to parse argument: %m");
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(ss)", path, w);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
         return 0;
 }
 

src/test/test-execute.c

@@ -276,6 +276,14 @@ static void test_exec_inaccessiblepaths(Manager *m) {
         test(m, "exec-inaccessiblepaths-mount-propagation.service", 0, CLD_EXITED);
 }
 
+static void test_exec_temporaryfilesystem(Manager *m) {
+
+        test(m, "exec-temporaryfilesystem-options.service", 0, CLD_EXITED);
+        test(m, "exec-temporaryfilesystem-ro.service", 0, CLD_EXITED);
+        test(m, "exec-temporaryfilesystem-rw.service", 0, CLD_EXITED);
+        test(m, "exec-temporaryfilesystem-usr.service", 0, CLD_EXITED);
+}
+
 static void test_exec_systemcallfilter(Manager *m) {
 #if HAVE_SECCOMP
         if (!is_seccomp_available()) {
@@ -569,6 +577,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 test_exec_supplementarygroups,
                 test_exec_systemcallerrornumber,
                 test_exec_systemcallfilter,
+                test_exec_temporaryfilesystem,
                 test_exec_umask,
                 test_exec_unsetenvironment,
                 test_exec_user,

src/test/test-mount-util.c

@@ -261,6 +261,60 @@ static void test_path_is_mount_point(void) {
         assert_se(rm_rf(tmp_dir, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL) == 0);
 }
 
+static void test_mount_option_mangle(void) {
+        char *opts = NULL;
+        unsigned long f;
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle(NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID));
+        assert_se(opts == NULL);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("", MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID));
+        assert_se(opts == NULL);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec", 0, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC));
+        assert_se(opts == NULL);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755", 0, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "mode=755"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,nosuid,foo,hogehoge,nodev,mode=755", 0, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "foo,hogehoge,mode=755"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio", MS_RDONLY, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_NOEXEC|MS_RELATIME));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "net_cls,net_prio"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1630748k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000", MS_RDONLY, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_RELATIME));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "size=1630748k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("size=1630748k,rw,gid=1000,,,nodev,relatime,,mode=700,nosuid,uid=1000", MS_RDONLY, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_RELATIME));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "size=1630748k,gid=1000,mode=700,uid=1000"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,exec,size=8143984k,nr_inodes=2035996,mode=755", MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == (MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV));
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "size=8143984k,nr_inodes=2035996,mode=755"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,relatime,fmask=0022,,,dmask=0022", MS_RDONLY, &f, &opts) == 0);
+        assert_se(f == MS_RELATIME);
+        assert_se(streq(opts, "fmask=0022,dmask=0022"));
+        opts = mfree(opts);
+
+        assert_se(mount_option_mangle("rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,\"hogehoge", MS_RDONLY, &f, &opts) < 0);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
@@ -275,6 +329,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         test_mnt_id();
         test_path_is_mount_point();
+        test_mount_option_mangle();
 
         return 0;
 }

src/test/test-ns.c

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                             (char **) inaccessible,
                             NULL,
                             &(BindMount) { .source = (char*) "/usr/bin", .destination = (char*) "/etc/systemd", .read_only = true }, 1,
+                            &(TemporaryFileSystem) { .path = (char*) "/var", .options = (char*) "ro" }, 1,
                             tmp_dir,
                             var_tmp_dir,
                             PROTECT_HOME_NO,

test/meson.build

@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ test_data_files = '''
         test-execute/exec-systemcallfilter-system-user.service
         test-execute/exec-systemcallfilter-with-errno-name.service
         test-execute/exec-systemcallfilter-with-errno-number.service
+        test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-options.service
+        test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-ro.service
+        test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-rw.service
+        test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-usr.service
         test-execute/exec-umask-0177.service
         test-execute/exec-umask-default.service
         test-execute/exec-unsetenvironment.service

test/test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-options.service

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Test for TemporaryFileSystem with mount options
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# Check /proc/self/mountinfo
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test $$(awk \'$$5 == "/var" { print $$6 }\' /proc/self/mountinfo) = "ro,nodev,relatime"'
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test $$(awk \'$$5 == "/var" { print $$11 }\' /proc/self/mountinfo) = "ro,mode=700"'
+
+TemporaryFileSystem=/var:ro,mode=0700,nostrictatime

test/test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-ro.service

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Test for TemporaryFileSystem with read-only mode
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# Check directories exist
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -d /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw && test -d /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro'
+
+# Check TemporaryFileSystem= are empty
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'for i in $$(ls -A /var); do test $$i = test-exec-temporaryfilesystem || false; done'
+
+# Cannot create a file in /var
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '! touch /var/hoge'
+
+# Create a file in /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'touch /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Then, the file can be access through /tmp
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -f /tmp/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Also, through /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -f /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# The file cannot modify through /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '! touch /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Cleanup
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'rm /tmp/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+TemporaryFileSystem=/var:ro
+BindPaths=/tmp:/var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/tmp:/var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro

test/test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-rw.service

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Test for TemporaryFileSystem
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# Check directories exist
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -d /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw && test -d /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro'
+
+# Check TemporaryFileSystem= are empty
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'for i in $$(ls -A /var); do test $$i = test-exec-temporaryfilesystem || false; done'
+
+# Create a file in /var
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'touch /var/hoge'
+
+# Create a file in /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'touch /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Then, the file can be access through /tmp
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -f /tmp/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Also, through /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'test -f /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# The file cannot modify through /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '! touch /var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+# Cleanup
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'rm /tmp/thisisasimpletest-temporaryfilesystem'
+
+TemporaryFileSystem=/var
+BindPaths=/tmp:/var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/rw
+BindReadOnlyPaths=/tmp:/var/test-exec-temporaryfilesystem/ro

test/test-execute/exec-temporaryfilesystem-usr.service

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Test for TemporaryFileSystem on /usr
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# Check TemporaryFileSystem= are empty
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'for i in $$(ls -A /usr); do test $$i = lib -o $$i = lib64 -o $$i = bin -o $$i = sbin || false; done'
+
+# Cannot create files under /usr
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '! touch /usr/hoge'
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '! touch /usr/bin/hoge'
+
+TemporaryFileSystem=/usr:ro
+BindReadOnlyPaths=-/usr/lib -/usr/lib64 /usr/bin /usr/sbin