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man: briefly document permitted user/group name syntax for User=/Group= and syusers.d (#6321)
As discussed here: https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2017-July/039237.html
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@ -165,13 +165,28 @@
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<term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set the UNIX user or group that the processes are executed as, respectively. Takes a single
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<listitem><para>Set the UNIX user or group that the processes are executed as, respectively. Takes a single
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user or group name, or numeric ID as argument. For system services (services run by the system service manager,
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user or group name, or a numeric ID as argument. For system services (services run by the system service manager,
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i.e. managed by PID 1) and for user services of the root user (services managed by root's instance of
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i.e. managed by PID 1) and for user services of the root user (services managed by root's instance of
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<command>systemd --user</command>), the default is <literal>root</literal>, but <varname>User=</varname> may be
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<command>systemd --user</command>), the default is <literal>root</literal>, but <varname>User=</varname> may be
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used to specify a different user. For user services of any other user, switching user identity is not
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used to specify a different user. For user services of any other user, switching user identity is not
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permitted, hence the only valid setting is the same user the user's service manager is running as. If no group
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permitted, hence the only valid setting is the same user the user's service manager is running as. If no group
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is set, the default group of the user is used. This setting does not affect commands whose command line is
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is set, the default group of the user is used. This setting does not affect commands whose command line is
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prefixed with <literal>+</literal>.</para></listitem>
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prefixed with <literal>+</literal>.</para>
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<para>Note that restrictions on the user/group name syntax are enforced: the specified name must consist only
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of the characters a-z, A-Z, 0-9, <literal>_</literal> and <literal>-</literal>, except for the first character
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which must be one of a-z, A-Z or <literal>_</literal> (i.e. numbers and <literal>-</literal> are not permitted
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as first character). The user/group name must have at least one character, and at most 31. These restrictions
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are enforced in order to avoid ambiguities and to ensure user/group names and unit files remain portable among
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Linux systems.</para>
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<para>When used in conjunction with <varname>DynamicUser=</varname> the user/group name specified is
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dynamically allocated at the time the service is started, and released at the time the service is stopped —
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unless it is already allocated statically (see below). If <varname>DynamicUser=</varname> is not used the
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specified user and group must have been created statically in the user database no later than the moment the
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service is started, for example using the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> facility, which
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is applied at boot or package install time.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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@ -53,15 +53,11 @@
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<refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the files from
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the files from <filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory to create
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory to create system users
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system users and groups at package installation or boot time. This tool may be used to allocate system users and
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and groups at package installation or boot time. This tool may be
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groups only, it is not useful for creating non-system (i.e. regular, "human") users and groups, as it accesses
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used to allocate system users and groups only, it is not useful
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing any more complex user
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for creating non-system users and groups, as it accesses
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databases, for example any database involving NIS or LDAP.</para>
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing any more
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complex user databases, for example any database involving NIS or
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LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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@ -83,6 +79,9 @@ g input - -
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m authd input
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m authd input
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<para>Empty lines and lines beginning with the <literal>#</literal> character are ignored, and may be used for
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commenting.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<title>Type</title>
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@ -134,14 +133,14 @@ u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or group name. It should
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<para>The name field specifies the user or group name. The specified name must consist only of the characters a-z,
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be shorter than 31 characters and avoid any non-ASCII
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A-Z, 0-9, <literal>_</literal> and <literal>-</literal>, except for the first character which must be one of a-z,
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characters, and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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A-Z or <literal>_</literal> (i.e. numbers and <literal>-</literal> are not permitted as first character). The
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strongly recommended to pick user and group names that are
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user/group name must have at least one character, and at most 31.</para>
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unlikely to clash with normal users created by the
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administrator. A good scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing
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<para>It is strongly recommended to pick user and group names that are unlikely to clash with normal users
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all system and group names with the underscore, and avoiding too
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created by the administrator. A good scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing all system and group names with the
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generic names.</para>
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underscore, and avoiding too generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
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the user name to add to a group.</para>
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the user name to add to a group.</para>
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