2014-06-30 04:15:01 +08:00
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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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2015-06-19 01:47:44 +08:00
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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2020-11-09 12:23:58 +08:00
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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2014-06-30 04:15:01 +08:00
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<refentry id="systemd-sysusers"
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-sysusers</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-sysusers</refname>
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<refname>systemd-sysusers.service</refname>
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<refpurpose>Allocate system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<para><filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> creates system users and
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groups, based on the file format and location specified in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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sysusers: allow admin/runtime overrides to command-line config
When used in a package installation script, we want to invoke systemd-sysusers
before that package is installed (so it can contain files owned by the newly
created user), so the configuration to use is specified on the command
line. This should be a copy of the configuration that will be installed as
/usr/lib/sysusers.d/package.conf. We still want to obey any overrides in
/etc/sysusers.d or /run/sysusers.d in the usual fashion. Otherwise, we'd get a
different result when systemd-sysusers is run with a copy of the new config on
the command line and when systemd-sysusers is run at boot after package
instalation. In the second case any files in /etc or /run have higher priority,
so the same should happen when the configuration is given on the command line.
More generally, we want the behaviour in this special case to be as close to
the case where the file is finally on disk as possible, so we have to read all
configuration files, since they all might contain overrides and additional
configuration that matters. Even files that have lower priority might specify
additional groups for the user we are creating. Thus, we need to read all
configuration, but insert our new configuration somewhere with the right
priority.
If --target=/path/to/file.conf is given on the command line, we gather the list
of files, and pretend that the command-line config is read from
/path/to/file.conf (doesn't matter if the file on disk actually exists or
not). All package scripts should use this option to obtain consistent and
idempotent behaviour.
The corner case when --target= is specified and there are no positional
arguments is disallowed.
v1:
- version with --config-name=
v2:
- disallow --config-name= and no positional args
v3:
- remove --config-name=
v4:
- add --target= and rework the code completely
v5:
- fix argcounting bug and add example in man page
v6:
- rename --target to --replace
2018-01-31 22:37:02 +08:00
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<para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all files
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found in the directories specified by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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When invoked with positional arguments, if option
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<option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option> is specified, arguments
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specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file
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<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, just the configuration specified by
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the command line arguments is executed. The string <literal>-</literal> may be
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specified instead of a filename to instruct <command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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to read the configuration from standard input. If only the basename of a file is
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specified, all configuration directories are searched for a matching file and
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the file found that has the highest priority is executed.</para>
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All
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paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
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<replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search
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paths. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2020-07-29 01:28:43 +08:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--image=<replaceable>image</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified all operations
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are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This is similar to <option>--root=</option>
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but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The disk image should either
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contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
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<ulink url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions
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Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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switch of the same name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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sysusers: allow admin/runtime overrides to command-line config
When used in a package installation script, we want to invoke systemd-sysusers
before that package is installed (so it can contain files owned by the newly
created user), so the configuration to use is specified on the command
line. This should be a copy of the configuration that will be installed as
/usr/lib/sysusers.d/package.conf. We still want to obey any overrides in
/etc/sysusers.d or /run/sysusers.d in the usual fashion. Otherwise, we'd get a
different result when systemd-sysusers is run with a copy of the new config on
the command line and when systemd-sysusers is run at boot after package
instalation. In the second case any files in /etc or /run have higher priority,
so the same should happen when the configuration is given on the command line.
More generally, we want the behaviour in this special case to be as close to
the case where the file is finally on disk as possible, so we have to read all
configuration files, since they all might contain overrides and additional
configuration that matters. Even files that have lower priority might specify
additional groups for the user we are creating. Thus, we need to read all
configuration, but insert our new configuration somewhere with the right
priority.
If --target=/path/to/file.conf is given on the command line, we gather the list
of files, and pretend that the command-line config is read from
/path/to/file.conf (doesn't matter if the file on disk actually exists or
not). All package scripts should use this option to obtain consistent and
idempotent behaviour.
The corner case when --target= is specified and there are no positional
arguments is disallowed.
v1:
- version with --config-name=
v2:
- disallow --config-name= and no positional args
v3:
- remove --config-name=
v4:
- add --target= and rework the code completely
v5:
- fix argcounting bug and add example in man page
v6:
- rename --target to --replace
2018-01-31 22:37:02 +08:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>When this option is given, one ore more positional arguments
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must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be
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handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file
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<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para>
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<para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts
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are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on
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disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin
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configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>RPM installation script for radvd</title>
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<programlisting>echo 'u radvd - "radvd daemon"' | \
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systemd-sysusers --replace=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf -</programlisting>
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<para>This will create the radvd user as if
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> was already on disk.
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An admin might override the configuration specified on the command line by
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placing <filename>/etc/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> or even
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<filename>/etc/sysusers.d/00-overrides.conf</filename>.</para>
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2019-04-08 16:53:55 +08:00
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<para>Note that this is the expanded form, and when used in a package, this
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sysusers: allow admin/runtime overrides to command-line config
When used in a package installation script, we want to invoke systemd-sysusers
before that package is installed (so it can contain files owned by the newly
created user), so the configuration to use is specified on the command
line. This should be a copy of the configuration that will be installed as
/usr/lib/sysusers.d/package.conf. We still want to obey any overrides in
/etc/sysusers.d or /run/sysusers.d in the usual fashion. Otherwise, we'd get a
different result when systemd-sysusers is run with a copy of the new config on
the command line and when systemd-sysusers is run at boot after package
instalation. In the second case any files in /etc or /run have higher priority,
so the same should happen when the configuration is given on the command line.
More generally, we want the behaviour in this special case to be as close to
the case where the file is finally on disk as possible, so we have to read all
configuration files, since they all might contain overrides and additional
configuration that matters. Even files that have lower priority might specify
additional groups for the user we are creating. Thus, we need to read all
configuration, but insert our new configuration somewhere with the right
priority.
If --target=/path/to/file.conf is given on the command line, we gather the list
of files, and pretend that the command-line config is read from
/path/to/file.conf (doesn't matter if the file on disk actually exists or
not). All package scripts should use this option to obtain consistent and
idempotent behaviour.
The corner case when --target= is specified and there are no positional
arguments is disallowed.
v1:
- version with --config-name=
v2:
- disallow --config-name= and no positional args
v3:
- remove --config-name=
v4:
- add --target= and rework the code completely
v5:
- fix argcounting bug and add example in man page
v6:
- rename --target to --replace
2018-01-31 22:37:02 +08:00
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would be written using a macro with "radvd" and a file containing the
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configuration line as arguments.</para>
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</example>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2018-01-29 21:47:01 +08:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--inline</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Treat each positional argument as a separate configuration
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line instead of a file name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2018-04-27 02:38:39 +08:00
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" />
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2018-06-12 21:37:53 +08:00
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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2021-03-11 17:34:20 +08:00
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Credentials</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by
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<varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details). The following credentials are used when passed in:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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<listitem><para>A UNIX hashed password string to use for the specified user, when creating an entry
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for it. This is particularly useful for the <literal>root</literal> user as it allows provisioning
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the default root password to use via a unit file drop-in or from a container manager passing in this
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credential. Note that setting this credential has no effect if the specified user account already
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exists. This credential is hence primarily useful in first boot scenarios or systems that are fully
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stateless and come up with an empty <filename>/etc/</filename> on every boot.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.plaintext-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal>
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but expect a literal, plaintext password, which is then automatically hashed before used for the user
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account. If both the hashed and the plaintext credential are specified for the same user the
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former takes precedence. It's generally recommended to specify the hashed version; however in test
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environments with weaker requirements on security it might be easier to pass passwords in plaintext
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instead.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.shell.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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2021-06-30 19:53:14 +08:00
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<listitem><para>Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account when creating it.</para></listitem>
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2021-03-11 17:34:20 +08:00
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Note that by default the <filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename> unit file is set up to
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inherit the <literal>passwd.hashed-password.root</literal>,
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<literal>passwd.plaintext-password.root</literal> and <literal>passwd.shell.root</literal> credentials
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from the service manager. Thus, when invoking a container with an unpopulated <filename>/etc/</filename>
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for the first time it is possible to configure the root user's password to be <literal>systemd</literal>
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like this:</para>
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2021-08-07 02:05:18 +08:00
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<para><programlisting># systemd-nspawn --image=… --set-credential=passwd.hashed-password.root:'$y$j9T$yAuRJu1o5HioZAGDYPU5d.$F64ni6J2y2nNQve90M/p0ZP0ECP/qqzipNyaY9fjGpC' …</programlisting></para>
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2021-03-11 17:34:20 +08:00
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<para>Note again that the data specified in these credentials is consulted only when creating an account
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for the first time, it may not be used for changing the password or shell of an account that already
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exists.</para>
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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2021-03-11 17:34:20 +08:00
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<para>Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for generating UNIX password hashes from the command line.</para>
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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2018-10-12 20:06:41 +08:00
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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2021-03-11 17:34:20 +08:00
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<ulink url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS">Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd systems</ulink>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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2015-02-04 10:14:13 +08:00
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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2014-06-30 04:15:01 +08:00
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</refentry>
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