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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!-- * - nxml - * -->
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<!--
This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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<refentry id= "systemd.unit" >
<refentryinfo >
<title > systemd.unit</title>
<productname > systemd</productname>
<authorgroup >
<author >
<contrib > Developer</contrib>
<firstname > Lennart</firstname>
<surname > Poettering</surname>
<email > lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta >
<refentrytitle > systemd.unit</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum > 5</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv >
<refname > systemd.unit</refname>
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<refpurpose > Unit configuration</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
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<para > <filename > <replaceable > service</replaceable> .service</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > socket</replaceable> .socket</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > device</replaceable> .device</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > mount</replaceable> .mount</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > automount</replaceable> .automount</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > swap</replaceable> .swap</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > target</replaceable> .target</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > path</replaceable> .path</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > timer</replaceable> .timer</filename> ,
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<filename > <replaceable > snapshot</replaceable> .snapshot</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > slice</replaceable> .slice</filename> ,
<filename > <replaceable > scope</replaceable> .scope</filename> </para>
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<para > <literallayout > <filename > /etc/systemd/system/*</filename>
<filename > /run/systemd/system/*</filename>
<filename > /usr/lib/systemd/system/*</filename>
<filename > ...</filename>
</literallayout> </para>
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<para > <literallayout > <filename > $HOME/.config/systemd/user/*</filename>
<filename > /etc/systemd/user/*</filename>
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<filename > /run/systemd/user/*</filename>
<filename > /usr/lib/systemd/user/*</filename>
<filename > ...</filename>
</literallayout> </para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 >
<title > Description</title>
<para > A unit configuration file encodes information
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about a service, a socket, a device, a mount point, an
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automount point, a swap file or partition, a start-up
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target, a watched file system path, a timer controlled
and supervised by
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
a temporary system state snapshot, a resource
management slice or a group of externally created
processes. The syntax is inspired by <ulink
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url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG
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Desktop Entry Specification</ulink>
<filename > .desktop</filename> files, which are in turn
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inspired by Microsoft Windows
<filename > .ini</filename> files.</para>
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<para > This man page lists the common configuration
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options of all the unit types. These options need to
Reword sentences that contain psuedo-English "resp."
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd.
So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became
baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before
in my English-mother-tongue life.
Some quick Googling turned up a reference:
<http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html>
I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but
English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used
exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g.
"the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-,
respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence
"Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and
sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker.
This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and
replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully,
grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing
"resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably
just do in the future.
The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I
don't feel privileged to correct.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
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be configured in the [Unit] or [Install]
sections of the unit files.</para>
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<para > In addition to the generic [Unit] and [Install]
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sections described here, each unit may have a
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type-specific section, e.g. [Service] for a service
unit. See the respective man pages for more
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information:
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.service</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.socket</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.device</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.mount</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.automount</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.swap</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.target</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.path</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.timer</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> .
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.slice</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> .
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.scope</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> .
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</para>
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<para > Various settings are allowed to be specified
more than once, in which case the interpretation
depends on the setting. Often, multiple settings form
a list, and setting to an empty value "resets", which
means that previous assignments are ignored. When this
is allowed, it is mentioned in the description of the
setting. Note that using multiple assignments to the
same value makes the unit file incompatible with
parsers for the XDG <filename > .desktop</filename> file
format.</para>
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<para > Unit files are loaded from a set of paths
determined during compilation, described in the next section.
</para>
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<para > Unit files may contain additional options on top
of those listed here. If systemd encounters an unknown
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option, it will write a warning log message but
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continue loading the unit. If an option is prefixed
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with <option > X-</option> , it is ignored completely by
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systemd. Applications may use this to include
additional information in the unit files.</para>
<para > Boolean arguments used in unit files can be
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written in various formats. For positive settings the
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strings <option > 1</option> , <option > yes</option> ,
<option > true</option> and <option > on</option> are
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equivalent. For negative settings, the strings
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<option > 0</option> , <option > no</option> ,
<option > false</option> and <option > off</option> are
equivalent.</para>
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<para > Time span values encoded in unit files can be
written in various formats. A stand-alone number
specifies a time in seconds. If suffixed with a time
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unit, the unit is honored. A concatenation of multiple
values with units is supported, in which case the
values are added up. Example: "50" refers to 50
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seconds; "2min 200ms" refers to 2 minutes plus 200
milliseconds, i.e. 120200ms. The following time units
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are understood: s, min, h, d, w, ms, us. For details
see
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.time</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> .</para>
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<para > Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are
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ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending
in a backslash are concatenated with the following
line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a
space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para>
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<para > Along with a unit file
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<filename > foo.service</filename> , the directory
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<filename > foo.service.wants/</filename> may exist. All
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unit files symlinked from such a directory are
implicitly added as dependencies of type
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<varname > Wanted=</varname> to the unit. This is useful
to hook units into the start-up of other units,
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without having to modify their unit files. For details
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about the semantics of <varname > Wanted=</varname> , see
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below. The preferred way to create symlinks in the
<filename > .wants/</filename> directory of a unit file
is with the <command > enable</command> command of the
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemctl</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
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tool which reads information from the [Install]
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section of unit files (see below). A similar
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functionality exists for <varname > Requires=</varname>
type dependencies as well, the directory suffix is
<filename > .requires/</filename> in this case.</para>
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<para > Along with a unit file
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<filename > foo.service</filename> , a directory
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<filename > foo.service.d/</filename> may exist. All
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files with the suffix <literal > .conf</literal> from
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this directory will be parsed after the file itself is
parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration
settings to a unit, without having to modify their
unit files. Make sure that the file that is included
has the appropriate section headers before any
directive.</para>
<para > If a line starts with <option > .include</option>
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followed by a filename, the specified file will be
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parsed at this point. Make sure that the file that is
included has the appropriate section headers before
any directives.</para>
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<para > Note that while systemd offers a flexible
dependency system between units it is recommended to
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use this functionality only sparingly and instead rely
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on techniques such as bus-based or socket-based
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activation which make dependencies implicit, resulting
in a both simpler and more flexible system.</para>
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<para > Some unit names reflect paths existing in the
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file system namespace. Example: a device unit
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<filename > dev-sda.device</filename> refers to a device
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with the device node <filename noindex= 'true' > /dev/sda</filename> in
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the file system namespace. If this applies, a special
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way to escape the path name is used, so that the
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result is usable as part of a filename. Basically,
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given a path, "/" is replaced by "-", and all
unprintable characters and the "-" are replaced by
C-style "\x20" escapes. The root directory "/" is
encoded as single dash, while otherwise the initial
and ending "/" is removed from all paths during
transformation. This escaping is reversible.</para>
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<para > Optionally, units may be instantiated from a
template file at runtime. This allows creation of
multiple units from a single configuration file. If
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systemd looks for a unit configuration file, it will
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first search for the literal unit name in the
filesystem. If that yields no success and the unit
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name contains an <literal > @</literal> character, systemd will look for a
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unit template that shares the same name but with the
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instance string (i.e. the part between the <literal > @</literal> character
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and the suffix) removed. Example: if a service
<filename > getty@tty3.service</filename> is requested
and no file by that name is found, systemd will look
for <filename > getty@.service</filename> and
instantiate a service from that configuration file if
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it is found.</para>
<para > To refer to the instance string from
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within the configuration file you may use the special
<literal > %i</literal> specifier in many of the
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configuration options. See below for details.</para>
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<para > If a unit file is empty (i.e. has the file size
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0) or is symlinked to <filename > /dev/null</filename> ,
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its configuration will not be loaded and it appears
with a load state of <literal > masked</literal> , and
cannot be activated. Use this as an effective way to
fully disable a unit, making it impossible to start it
even manually.</para>
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<para > The unit file format is covered by the
<ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
Stability Promise</ulink> .</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 >
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<title > Unit Load Path</title>
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<para > Unit files are loaded from a set of paths
determined during compilation, described in the two
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tables below. Unit files found in directories listed
earlier override files with the same name in
directories lower in the list.</para>
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<para > When systemd is running in user mode
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(<option > --user</option> ) and the variable
<varname > $SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname> is set, this
contents of this variable overrides the unit load
path.
</para>
<table >
<title >
Load path when running in system mode (<option > --system</option> ).
</title>
<tgroup cols= '2' >
<colspec colname= 'path' />
<colspec colname= 'expl' />
<thead >
<row >
<entry > Path</entry>
<entry > Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody >
<row >
<entry > <filename > /etc/systemd/system</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Local configuration</entry>
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</row>
<row >
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<entry > <filename > /run/systemd/system</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Runtime units</entry>
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</row>
<row >
<entry > <filename > /usr/lib/systemd/system</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Units of installed packages</entry>
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</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table >
<title >
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Load path when running in user mode (<option > --user</option> ).
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</title>
<tgroup cols= '2' >
<colspec colname= 'path' />
<colspec colname= 'expl' />
<thead >
<row >
<entry > Path</entry>
<entry > Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody >
<row >
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<entry > <filename > $HOME/.config/systemd/user</filename> </entry>
<entry > User configuration</entry>
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</row>
<row >
<entry > <filename > /etc/systemd/user</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Local configuration</entry>
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</row>
<row >
<entry > <filename > /run/systemd/user</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Runtime units</entry>
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</row>
<row >
<entry > <filename > /usr/lib/systemd/user</filename> </entry>
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<entry > Units of installed packages</entry>
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</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para > Additional units might be loaded into systemd
("linked") from directories not on the unit load
path. See the <command > link</command> command for
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemctl</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> . Also,
some units are dynamically created via generators
<ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators/">Generators</ulink> .
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</para>
</refsect1>
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<refsect1 >
<title > Options</title>
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<para > Unit file may include a [Unit] section, which
carries generic information about the unit that is not
dependent on the type of unit:</para>
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<variablelist class= 'unit-directives' >
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<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Description=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > A free-form string
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describing the unit. This is intended
for use in UIs to show descriptive
information along with the unit
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name. The description should contain a name
that means something to the end user.
<literal > Apache2 Web Server</literal> is a good
example. Bad examples are
<literal > high-performance light-weight HTTP
server</literal> (too generic) or
<literal > Apache2</literal> (too specific and
meaningless for people who do not know
Apache).</para> </listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Documentation=</varname> </term>
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<listitem > <para > A space-separated list
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of URIs referencing documentation for
this unit or its
configuration. Accepted are only URIs
of the types
<literal > http://</literal> ,
<literal > https://</literal> ,
<literal > file:</literal> ,
<literal > info:</literal> ,
<literal > man:</literal> . For more
information about the syntax of these
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URIs, see
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > uri</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> . The
URIs should be listed in order of
relevance, starting with the most
relevant. It is a good idea to first
reference documentation that explains
what the unit's purpose is, followed
by how it is configured, followed by
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any other related documentation. This
option may be specified more than once
in which case the specified list of
URIs is merged. If the empty string is
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assigned to this option, the list is
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reset and all prior assignments will
have no effect.</para> </listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
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<term > <varname > Requires=</varname> </term>
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<listitem > <para > Configures requirement
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dependencies on other units. If this
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unit gets activated, the units listed
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here will be activated as well. If one
of the other units gets deactivated or
its activation fails, this unit will
be deactivated. This option may be
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specified more than once or multiple
space-separated units may be specified
in one option in which case
requirement dependencies for all
listed names will be created. Note
that requirement dependencies do not
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influence the order in which services
are started or stopped. This has to be
configured independently with the
<varname > After=</varname> or
<varname > Before=</varname> options. If
a unit
<filename > foo.service</filename>
requires a unit
<filename > bar.service</filename> as
configured with
<varname > Requires=</varname> and no
ordering is configured with
<varname > After=</varname> or
<varname > Before=</varname> , then both
units will be started simultaneously
and without any delay between them if
<filename > foo.service</filename> is
activated. Often it is a better choice
to use <varname > Wants=</varname>
instead of
<varname > Requires=</varname> in order
to achieve a system that is more
robust when dealing with failing
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services.</para>
<para > Note that dependencies of this
type may also be configured outside of
the unit configuration file by
adding a symlink to a
<filename > .requires/</filename> directory
accompanying the unit file. For
details see above.</para> </listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > RequiresOverridable=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Similar to
<varname > Requires=</varname> .
Dependencies listed in
<varname > RequiresOverridable=</varname>
which cannot be fulfilled or fail to
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
start are ignored if the startup was
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
explicitly requested by the user. If
the start-up was pulled in indirectly
by some dependency or automatic
start-up of units that is not
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
requested by the user, this dependency
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
must be fulfilled and otherwise the
transaction fails. Hence, this option
may be used to configure dependencies
2010-06-25 06:06:49 +08:00
that are normally honored unless the
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
user explicitly starts up the unit, in
which case whether they failed or not
is irrelevant.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Requisite=</varname> </term>
<term > <varname > RequisiteOverridable=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Similar to
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<varname > Requires=</varname> and
<varname > RequiresOverridable=</varname> ,
respectively. However, if the units
listed here are not started already
they will not be started and the
transaction will fail immediately.
</para> </listitem>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Wants=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > A weaker version of
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<varname > Requires=</varname> . Units
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
listed in this option will be started
if the configuring unit is. However,
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
if the listed units fail to start
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
or cannot be added to the transaction
this has no impact on the validity of
the transaction as a whole. This is
the recommended way to hook start-up
of one unit to the start-up of another
2011-07-13 20:13:31 +08:00
unit.</para>
<para > Note that dependencies of this
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
type may also be configured outside of
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
the unit configuration file by adding
symlinks to a
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<filename > .wants/</filename> directory
accompanying the unit file. For
details see above.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-10-29 05:18:47 +08:00
<varlistentry >
2012-07-14 05:34:40 +08:00
<term > <varname > BindsTo=</varname> </term>
2010-10-29 05:18:47 +08:00
<listitem > <para > Configures requirement
dependencies, very similar in style to
<varname > Requires=</varname> , however
2012-09-05 01:24:16 +08:00
in addition to this behavior it also
2010-10-29 05:18:47 +08:00
declares that this unit is stopped
when any of the units listed suddenly
disappears. Units can suddenly,
unexpectedly disappear if a service
terminates on its own choice, a device
is unplugged or a mount point
2010-11-18 01:38:29 +08:00
unmounted without involvement of
2010-10-29 05:18:47 +08:00
systemd.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2012-07-20 21:55:01 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > PartOf=</varname> </term>
2012-07-26 15:34:27 +08:00
<listitem > <para > Configures dependencies
similar to <varname > Requires=</varname> ,
but limited to stopping and restarting
of units. When systemd stops or restarts
the units listed here, the action is
propagated to this unit.
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
Note that this is a one way dependency —
2012-07-26 15:34:27 +08:00
changes to this unit do not affect the
listed units.
</para> </listitem>
2012-07-20 21:55:01 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Conflicts=</varname> </term>
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<listitem > <para > A space-separated list
of unit names. Configures negative
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
requirement dependencies. If a unit
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
has a <varname > Conflicts=</varname>
setting on another unit, starting the
former will stop the latter and vice
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
versa. Note that this setting is
independent of and orthogonal to the
<varname > After=</varname> and
<varname > Before=</varname> ordering
2010-08-10 04:32:30 +08:00
dependencies.</para>
<para > If a unit A that conflicts with
a unit B is scheduled to be started at
the same time as B, the transaction
will either fail (in case both are
required part of the transaction) or
be modified to be fixed (in case one
or both jobs are not a required part
of the transaction). In the latter
case the job that is not the required
will be removed, or in case both are
not required the unit that conflicts
will be started and the unit that is
conflicted is
stopped.</para> </listitem>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Before=</varname> </term>
<term > <varname > After=</varname> </term>
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<listitem > <para > A space-separated list
of unit names. Configures ordering
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
dependencies between units. If a unit
<filename > foo.service</filename>
contains a setting
<option > Before=bar.service</option>
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
and both units are being started,
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<filename > bar.service</filename> 's
start-up is delayed until
<filename > foo.service</filename> is
started up. Note that this setting is
independent of and orthogonal to the
requirement dependencies as configured
by <varname > Requires=</varname> . It is
a common pattern to include a unit
name in both the
<varname > After=</varname> and
<varname > Requires=</varname> option in
which case the unit listed will be
started before the unit that is
configured with these options. This
option may be specified more than
once, in which case ordering
dependencies for all listed names are
created. <varname > After=</varname> is
the inverse of
<varname > Before=</varname> , i.e. while
<varname > After=</varname> ensures that
the configured unit is started after
the listed unit finished starting up,
<varname > Before=</varname> ensures the
opposite, i.e. that the configured
unit is fully started up before the
listed unit is started. Note that when
two units with an ordering dependency
between them are shut down, the
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
inverse of the start-up order is
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
applied. i.e. if a unit is configured
with <varname > After=</varname> on
another unit, the former is stopped
before the latter if both are shut
down. If one unit with an ordering
dependency on another unit is shut
down while the latter is started up,
the shut down is ordered before the
start-up regardless whether the
ordering dependency is actually of
type <varname > After=</varname> or
<varname > Before=</varname> . If two
units have no ordering dependencies
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
between them, they are shut down or
started up simultaneously, and no
ordering takes
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
place. </para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > OnFailure=</varname> </term>
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<listitem > <para > A space-separated list
of one or more units that are
activated when this unit enters the
2013-06-26 20:03:53 +08:00
<literal > failed</literal>
2010-08-31 06:17:56 +08:00
state.</para> </listitem>
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2012-01-11 09:47:14 +08:00
<varlistentry >
2012-07-14 05:34:40 +08:00
<term > <varname > PropagatesReloadTo=</varname> </term>
<term > <varname > ReloadPropagatedFrom=</varname> </term>
2012-01-11 09:47:14 +08:00
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<listitem > <para > A space-separated list
of one or more units where reload
requests on this unit will be
propagated to, or reload requests on
the other unit will be propagated to
this unit, respectively. Issuing a
reload request on a unit will
automatically also enqueue a reload
request on all units that the reload
request shall be propagated to via
these two settings.</para> </listitem>
2012-01-11 09:47:14 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2013-11-28 03:23:18 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > For units that start
processes (such as service units),
lists one or more other units whose
network and/or temporary file
namespace to join. This only applies
to unit types which support the
<varname > PrivateNetwork=</varname> and
<varname > PrivateTmp=</varname>
directives (see
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.exec</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
for details). If a unit that has this
setting set is started its processes
will see the same
<filename > /tmp</filename> ,
<filename > /tmp/var</filename> and
network namespace as one listed unit
that is started. If multiple listed
units are already started it is not
defined which namespace is
joined. Note that this setting only
has an effect if
<varname > PrivateNetwork=</varname>
and/or <varname > PrivateTmp=</varname>
is enabled for both the unit that
joins the namespace and the unit whose
namespace is joined.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2012-04-29 20:26:07 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > RequiresMountsFor=</varname> </term>
2013-06-28 03:51:44 +08:00
<listitem > <para > Takes a space-separated
list of absolute paths. Automatically
2012-04-29 20:26:07 +08:00
adds dependencies of type
<varname > Requires=</varname> and
<varname > After=</varname> for all
mount units required to access the
specified path.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2011-04-07 10:11:31 +08:00
<varlistentry >
2013-11-26 08:39:53 +08:00
<term > <varname > OnFailureJobMode=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a value of
<literal > fail</literal> ,
<literal > replace</literal> ,
2013-11-26 09:14:27 +08:00
<literal > replace-irreversibly</literal> ,
<literal > isolate</literal> ,
<literal > flush</literal> ,
<literal > ignore-dependencies</literal>
2013-11-26 08:39:53 +08:00
or
2013-11-26 09:14:27 +08:00
<literal > ignore-requirements</literal> . Defaults
2013-11-26 08:39:53 +08:00
to
<literal > replace</literal> . Specifies
how the units listed in
2011-04-07 10:11:31 +08:00
<varname > OnFailure=</varname> will be
2013-11-26 09:14:27 +08:00
enqueued. See
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemctl</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> 's
<option > --job-mode=</option> option
for details on the possible values. If
2013-11-26 08:39:53 +08:00
this is set to
<literal > isolate</literal> , only a
2011-04-07 10:11:31 +08:00
single unit may be listed in
2013-11-26 08:39:53 +08:00
<varname > OnFailure=</varname> ..</para> </listitem>
2011-04-07 10:11:31 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2011-04-14 09:55:03 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > IgnoreOnIsolate=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2011-04-14 09:55:03 +08:00
this unit will not be stopped when
isolating another unit. Defaults to
<option > false</option> .</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2011-05-05 16:58:55 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > IgnoreOnSnapshot=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2011-05-05 16:58:55 +08:00
this unit will not be included in
snapshots. Defaults to
2011-07-12 04:09:41 +08:00
<option > true</option> for device and
snapshot units, <option > false</option>
2011-05-05 16:58:55 +08:00
for the others.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > StopWhenUnneeded=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
this unit will be stopped when it is
no longer used. Note that in order to
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
minimize the work to be executed,
systemd will not stop units by default
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
unless they are conflicting with other
units, or the user explicitly
requested their shut down. If this
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
option is set, a unit will be
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
automatically cleaned up if no other
active unit requires it. Defaults to
<option > false</option> .</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
2010-08-11 02:57:21 +08:00
<term > <varname > RefuseManualStart=</varname> </term>
<term > <varname > RefuseManualStop=</varname> </term>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
this unit can only be activated
Reword sentences that contain psuedo-English "resp."
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd.
So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became
baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before
in my English-mother-tongue life.
Some quick Googling turned up a reference:
<http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html>
I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but
English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used
exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g.
"the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-,
respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence
"Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and
sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker.
This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and
replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully,
grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing
"resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably
just do in the future.
The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I
don't feel privileged to correct.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
2012-10-16 02:59:12 +08:00
or deactivated indirectly. In
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
this case, explicit start-up
Reword sentences that contain psuedo-English "resp."
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd.
So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became
baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before
in my English-mother-tongue life.
Some quick Googling turned up a reference:
<http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html>
I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but
English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used
exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g.
"the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-,
respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence
"Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and
sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker.
This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and
replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully,
grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing
"resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably
just do in the future.
The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I
don't feel privileged to correct.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
2012-10-16 02:59:12 +08:00
or termination requested by the
2010-08-11 02:57:21 +08:00
user is denied, however if it is
Reword sentences that contain psuedo-English "resp."
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd.
So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became
baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before
in my English-mother-tongue life.
Some quick Googling turned up a reference:
<http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html>
I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but
English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used
exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g.
"the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-,
respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence
"Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and
sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker.
This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and
replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully,
grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing
"resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably
just do in the future.
The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I
don't feel privileged to correct.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
2012-10-16 02:59:12 +08:00
started or stopped as a
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
dependency of another unit, start-up
Reword sentences that contain psuedo-English "resp."
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd.
So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became
baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before
in my English-mother-tongue life.
Some quick Googling turned up a reference:
<http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html>
I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but
English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used
exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g.
"the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-,
respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence
"Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and
sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker.
This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and
replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully,
grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing
"resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably
just do in the future.
The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I
don't feel privileged to correct.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
2012-10-16 02:59:12 +08:00
or termination will succeed. This
2010-08-11 02:57:21 +08:00
is mostly a safety feature to ensure
that the user does not accidentally
activate units that are not intended
to be activated explicitly, and not
accidentally deactivate units that are
not intended to be deactivated.
These options default to
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
<option > false</option> .</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-08-31 04:45:46 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > AllowIsolate=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2010-08-31 04:45:46 +08:00
this unit may be used with the
<command > systemctl isolate</command>
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
command. Otherwise, this will be
2010-08-31 04:45:46 +08:00
refused. It probably is a good idea to
leave this disabled except for target
units that shall be used similar to
runlevels in SysV init systems, just
as a precaution to avoid unusable
system states. This option defaults to
<option > false</option> .</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-07-04 01:54:00 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > DefaultDependencies=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Takes a boolean
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
argument. If <option > true</option> ,
2010-07-04 01:54:00 +08:00
(the default), a few default
dependencies will implicitly be
created for the unit. The actual
dependencies created depend on the
unit type. For example, for service
units, these dependencies ensure that
the service is started only after
basic system initialization is
2010-07-09 02:06:24 +08:00
completed and is properly terminated on
2010-07-04 01:54:00 +08:00
system shutdown. See the respective
man pages for details. Generally, only
services involved with early boot or
late shutdown should set this option
to <option > false</option> . It is
highly recommended to leave this
option enabled for the majority of
common units. If set to
2013-07-02 11:44:04 +08:00
<option > false</option> , this option
2010-07-04 01:54:00 +08:00
does not disable all implicit
dependencies, just non-essential
ones.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > JobTimeoutSec=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > When clients are
waiting for a job of this unit to
complete, time out after the specified
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
time. If this time limit is reached,
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
the job will be cancelled, the unit
however will not change state or even
2013-06-26 20:03:53 +08:00
enter the <literal > failed</literal>
2010-08-31 06:17:56 +08:00
mode. This value defaults to 0 (job
timeouts disabled), except for device
units. NB: this timeout is independent
from any unit-specific timeout (for
example, the timeout set with
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
<varname > Timeout=</varname> in service
2010-08-31 06:17:56 +08:00
units) as the job timeout has no
effect on the unit itself, only on the
job that might be pending for it. Or
in other words: unit-specific timeouts
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
are useful to abort unit state
changes, and revert them. The job
timeout set with this option however
2010-08-31 06:17:56 +08:00
is useful to abort only the job
waiting for the unit state to
change.</para> </listitem>
2010-07-18 08:11:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2010-10-13 08:15:41 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname> </term>
2011-07-07 08:07:39 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname> </term>
2011-04-01 06:42:57 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname> </term>
2011-09-21 07:29:38 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname> </term>
2011-09-21 06:44:51 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname> </term>
2012-04-12 08:39:02 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname> </term>
2010-11-16 03:06:49 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname> </term>
2012-09-11 07:29:46 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname> </term>
2011-07-12 10:25:02 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname> </term>
2010-10-13 08:15:41 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname> </term>
2011-02-22 05:07:55 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionVirtualization=</varname> </term>
2011-04-04 00:17:05 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionSecurity=</varname> </term>
2011-10-11 21:16:52 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionCapability=</varname> </term>
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionHost=</varname> </term>
2012-12-25 23:29:51 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionACPower=</varname> </term>
2010-11-11 05:28:19 +08:00
<term > <varname > ConditionNull=</varname> </term>
2010-10-13 08:15:41 +08:00
<listitem > <para > Before starting a unit
verify that the specified condition is
2013-09-13 03:12:49 +08:00
true. If it is not true, the starting
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
of the unit will be skipped, however
all ordering dependencies of it are
still respected. A failing condition
will not result in the unit being
moved into a failure state. The
condition is checked at the time the
queued start job is to be
executed.</para>
<para > With
2010-10-13 08:15:41 +08:00
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
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a file existence condition is
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checked before a unit is started. If
the specified absolute path name does
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not exist, the condition will
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fail. If the absolute path name passed
to
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<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
is prefixed with an exclamation mark
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(<literal > !</literal> ), the test is negated, and the unit
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is only started if the path does not
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exist.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname>
is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname> ,
but checks for the existence of at
least one file or directory matching
the specified globbing pattern.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
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exists and is a
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directory.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
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exists and is a symbolic
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link.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
exists and is a mount
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point.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether the underlying
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file system is readable and writable
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(i.e. not mounted
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read-only).</para>
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<para > <varname > ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
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exists and is a non-empty
directory.</para>
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2012-09-11 07:29:46 +08:00
<para > <varname > ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname>
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is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
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exists and refers to a regular file
with a non-zero size.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname>
is similar to
<varname > ConditionPathExists=</varname>
but verifies whether a certain path
exists, is a regular file and marked
executable.</para>
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
2012-09-11 07:29:46 +08:00
<para > Similar,
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<varname > ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname>
may be used to check whether a
specific kernel command line option is
set (or if prefixed with the
exclamation mark unset). The argument
must either be a single word, or an
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assignment (i.e. two words, separated
2013-06-26 20:03:53 +08:00
<literal > =</literal> ). In the former
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case the kernel command line is
searched for the word appearing as is,
or as left hand side of an
assignment. In the latter case the
exact assignment is looked for with
right and left hand side
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matching.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionVirtualization=</varname>
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may be used to check whether the
system is executed in a virtualized
environment and optionally test
whether it is a specific
implementation. Takes either boolean
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value to check if being executed in
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any virtualized environment, or one of
<varname > vm</varname> and
2011-10-11 21:16:52 +08:00
<varname > container</varname> to test
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against a generic type of
2011-10-11 21:16:52 +08:00
virtualization solution, or one of
2011-02-22 05:07:55 +08:00
<varname > qemu</varname> ,
<varname > kvm</varname> ,
<varname > vmware</varname> ,
<varname > microsoft</varname> ,
<varname > oracle</varname> ,
<varname > xen</varname> ,
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<varname > bochs</varname> ,
<varname > chroot</varname> ,
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<varname > uml</varname> ,
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<varname > openvz</varname> ,
<varname > lxc</varname> ,
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<varname > lxc-libvirt</varname> ,
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<varname > systemd-nspawn</varname> to
test against a specific
implementation. If multiple
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virtualization technologies are nested,
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only the innermost is considered. The
test may be negated by prepending an
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
exclamation mark.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionSecurity=</varname>
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may be used to check whether the given
security module is enabled on the
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system. Currently the recognized values
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values are <varname > selinux</varname> ,
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<varname > apparmor</varname> ,
<varname > ima</varname> and
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<varname > smack</varname> .
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The test may be negated by prepending
2011-10-11 21:16:52 +08:00
an exclamation
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mark.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionCapability=</varname>
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may be used to check whether the given
capability exists in the capability
bounding set of the service manager
(i.e. this does not check whether
capability is actually available in
the permitted or effective sets, see
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > capabilities</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
for details). Pass a capability name
such as <literal > CAP_MKNOD</literal> ,
possibly prefixed with an exclamation
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
mark to negate the check.</para>
<para > <varname > ConditionHost=</varname>
may be used to match against the
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hostname or machine ID of the
host. This either takes a hostname
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string (optionally with shell style
globs) which is tested against the
2013-06-28 03:51:44 +08:00
locally set hostname as returned by
2012-08-22 07:51:53 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > gethostname</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 2</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
or a machine ID formatted as string
(see
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > machine-id</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ).
The test may be negated by prepending
an exclamation mark.</para>
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<para > <varname > ConditionACPower=</varname>
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may be used to check whether the
system has AC power, or is exclusively
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battery powered at the time of
activation of the unit. This takes a
boolean argument. If set to
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<varname > true</varname> , the condition
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will hold only if at least one AC
connector of the system is connected
to a power source, or if no AC
connectors are known. Conversely, if
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set to <varname > false</varname> , the
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condition will hold only if there is
at least one AC connector known and
all AC connectors are disconnected
from a power source.</para>
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<para > Finally,
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<varname > ConditionNull=</varname> may
be used to add a constant condition
check value to the unit. It takes a
boolean argument. If set to
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<varname > false</varname> , the condition
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will always fail, otherwise
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succeed.</para>
<para > If multiple conditions are
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specified, the unit will be executed if
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all of them apply (i.e. a logical AND
is applied). Condition checks can be
prefixed with a pipe symbol (|) in
which case a condition becomes a
triggering condition. If at least one
triggering condition is defined for a
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unit, then the unit will be executed if
2011-03-08 10:04:47 +08:00
at least one of the triggering
conditions apply and all of the
non-triggering conditions. If you
prefix an argument with the pipe
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symbol and an exclamation mark, the
2011-03-08 10:04:47 +08:00
pipe symbol must be passed first, the
2011-09-21 07:29:38 +08:00
exclamation second. Except for
<varname > ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname> ,
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all path checks follow symlinks. If
any of these options is assigned the
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empty string, the list of conditions is
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reset completely, all previous
condition settings (of any kind) will
have no effect.</para> </listitem>
2010-10-13 08:15:41 +08:00
</varlistentry>
2011-03-18 11:49:38 +08:00
2012-05-23 05:08:24 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > SourcePath=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > A path to a
configuration file this unit has been
generated from. This is primarily
useful for implementation of generator
tools that convert configuration from
an external configuration file format
into native unit files. Thus
functionality should not be used in
normal units.</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
2010-05-16 05:06:41 +08:00
</variablelist>
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<para > Unit file may include a [Install] section, which
carries installation information for the unit. This
section is not interpreted by
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
during runtime. It is used exclusively by the
2010-07-24 06:53:33 +08:00
<command > enable</command> and
<command > disable</command> commands of the
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemctl</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
tool during installation of a unit:</para>
2010-06-24 23:22:52 +08:00
2013-01-26 23:47:16 +08:00
<variablelist class= 'unit-directives' >
2010-06-24 23:22:52 +08:00
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Alias=</varname> </term>
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<listitem > <para > A space-seperated list
of additional names this unit shall be
installed under. The names listed here
must have the same suffix (i.e. type)
as the unit file name. This option may
be specified more than once, in which
case all listed names are used. At
installation time, <command > systemctl
enable</command> will create symlinks
from these names to the unit
filename.</para> </listitem>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > WantedBy=</varname> </term>
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<term > <varname > RequiredBy=</varname> </term>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
<listitem > <para > This option may be
used more than once, or a
space-separated list of unit names may
be given. A symbolic link is created
in the <filename > .wants/</filename> or
<filename > .requires/</filename>
directory of each of the listed units
when this unit is installed by
<command > systemctl enable</command> .
This has the effect that a dependency
of type <varname > Wants=</varname> or
2013-07-14 11:36:39 +08:00
<varname > Requires=</varname> is added
from the listed unit to the current
unit. The primary result is that the
current unit will be started when the
listed unit is started. See the
description of
<varname > Wants=</varname> and
<varname > Requires=</varname> in the
[Unit] section for details.</para>
<para > <command > WantedBy=foo.service</command>
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in a service
<filename > bar.service</filename> is
mostly equivalent to
<command > Alias=foo.service.wants/bar.service</command>
2013-07-14 11:36:39 +08:00
in the same file. In case of template
units, <command > systemctl enable</command>
must be called with an instance name, and
this instance will be added to the
<filename > .wants/</filename> or
<filename > .requires/</filename> list
of the listed unit.
E.g. <command > WantedBy=getty.target</command>
in a service
<filename > getty@.service</filename>
will result in <command > systemctl
enable getty@tty2.service</command>
creating a
<filename > getty.target.wants/getty@tty2.service</filename>
link to <filename > getty@.service</filename> .
</para> </listitem>
2010-06-25 01:08:38 +08:00
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <varname > Also=</varname> </term>
<listitem > <para > Additional units to
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install/deinstall when this unit is
installed/deinstalled. If the user
requests installation/deinstallation
of a unit with this option configured,
2010-07-24 06:53:33 +08:00
<command > systemctl enable</command>
2013-05-07 04:47:41 +08:00
and <command > systemctl
disable</command> will automatically
install/uninstall units listed in this option as
2013-12-01 10:23:01 +08:00
well.</para>
<para > This option may be used more
than once, or a space-separated list
of unit names may be
given.</para> </listitem>
2010-06-24 23:22:52 +08:00
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
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<para > The following specifiers are interpreted in the
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Install section: %n, %N, %p, %i, %U, %u, %m, %H, %b, %v.
2013-01-28 12:11:31 +08:00
For their meaning see the next section.
</para>
2010-05-16 05:06:41 +08:00
</refsect1>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
<refsect1 >
<title > Specifiers</title>
<para > Many settings resolve specifiers which may be
used to write generic unit files referring to runtime
or unit parameters that are replaced when the unit
files are loaded. The following specifiers are
understood:</para>
<table >
<title > Specifiers available in unit files</title>
<tgroup cols= '3' align= 'left' colsep= '1' rowsep= '1' >
<colspec colname= "spec" />
<colspec colname= "mean" />
<colspec colname= "detail" />
<thead >
<row >
<entry > Specifier</entry>
<entry > Meaning</entry>
<entry > Details</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody >
<row >
<entry > <literal > %n</literal> </entry>
<entry > Full unit name</entry>
<entry > </entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %N</literal> </entry>
<entry > Unescaped full unit name</entry>
<entry > </entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %p</literal> </entry>
<entry > Prefix name</entry>
<entry > For instantiated units this refers to the string before the @. For non-instantiated units this refers to to the name of the unit with the type suffix removed.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %P</literal> </entry>
<entry > Unescaped prefix name</entry>
<entry > </entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %i</literal> </entry>
<entry > Instance name</entry>
2013-06-30 00:09:14 +08:00
<entry > For instantiated units: this is the string between the <literal > @</literal> character and the suffix.</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %I</literal> </entry>
<entry > Unescaped instance name</entry>
<entry > </entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %f</literal> </entry>
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<entry > Unescaped filename</entry>
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<entry > This is either the unescaped instance name (if applicable) with <filename > /</filename> prepended (if applicable), or the prefix name similarly prepended with <filename > /</filename> .</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %c</literal> </entry>
<entry > Control group path of the unit</entry>
<entry > </entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %r</literal> </entry>
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<entry > Root control group path where units are placed.</entry>
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<entry > For system instances, this usually resolves to <filename > /system</filename> , except in containers, where the path might be prefixed with the container's root control group.</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %R</literal> </entry>
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<entry > Parent directory of the control group path where units are placed.</entry>
2013-10-15 14:58:51 +08:00
<entry > For system instances, this usually
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resolves to <filename > /</filename> , except in
containers, where this resolves to the
container's root directory.</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %t</literal> </entry>
<entry > Runtime socket dir</entry>
<entry > This is either <filename > /run</filename> (for the system manager) or <literal > $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</literal> (for user managers).</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %u</literal> </entry>
<entry > User name</entry>
<entry > This is the name of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %U</literal> </entry>
<entry > User UID</entry>
<entry > This is the UID of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %h</literal> </entry>
<entry > User home directory</entry>
<entry > This is the home directory of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %s</literal> </entry>
<entry > User shell</entry>
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<entry > This is the shell of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance. If the user is <literal > root</literal> (UID equal to 0), the shell configured in account database is ignored and <filename > /bin/sh</filename> is always used.</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %m</literal> </entry>
<entry > Machine ID</entry>
<entry > The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry > <refentrytitle > machine-id</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %b</literal> </entry>
<entry > Boot ID</entry>
<entry > The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry > <refentrytitle > random</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 4</manvolnum> </citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
</row>
<row >
<entry > <literal > %H</literal> </entry>
<entry > Host name</entry>
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<entry > The hostname of the running system.</entry>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</row>
2013-07-19 14:45:27 +08:00
<row >
<entry > <literal > %v</literal> </entry>
<entry > Kernel release</entry>
<entry > Identical to <command > uname -r</command> output.</entry>
</row>
2013-02-20 18:17:43 +08:00
<row >
<entry > <literal > %%</literal> </entry>
<entry > Escaped %</entry>
<entry > Single percent sign.</entry>
</row>
2013-01-11 07:21:06 +08:00
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
2010-05-16 05:06:41 +08:00
<refsect1 >
2010-06-24 06:11:04 +08:00
<title > See Also</title>
<para >
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2010-06-24 23:22:52 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemctl</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 8</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.special</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.service</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.socket</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.device</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.mount</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.automount</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.swap</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.target</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.path</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2010-07-02 23:23:19 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.timer</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2011-10-11 21:16:52 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2013-07-24 23:31:17 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.scope</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.slice</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2012-11-24 07:24:14 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.time</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2013-01-15 11:08:33 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > capabilities</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
2013-07-19 14:45:27 +08:00
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.directives</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > uname</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
2010-06-24 06:11:04 +08:00
</para>
2010-05-16 05:06:41 +08:00
</refsect1>
</refentry>
