php-src/CONTRIBUTING.md

# Contributing to PHP

Anybody who programs in PHP can be a contributing member of the community that
develops and deploys it; the task of deploying PHP, documentation and
associated websites is a never ending one. With every release, or release
candidate comes a wave of work, which takes a lot of organization and
co-ordination.

## Pull requests

PHP welcomes pull requests to [add tests](#writing-tests), fix bugs and to
implement RFCs. Please be sure to include tests as appropriate!

If you are fixing a bug, then please submit your PR against the lowest actively
supported branch of PHP that the bug affects (only green branches on
[the supported version page](http://php.net/supported-versions.php) are supported).
For example, at the time of writing, the lowest supported version is PHP 7.2,
which corresponds to the `PHP-7.2` branch in Git. Please also make sure you add
a link to the PR in the bug on [the bug tracker](https://bugs.php.net/).

Pull requests implementing RFCs should be submitted against `master`.

Pull requests should *never* be submitted against `PHP-x.y.z` branches, as
these are only used for release management.

If your pull request exhibits conflicts with the base branch, please resolve them
by using `git rebase` instead of `git merge`.

## Filing bugs

Bugs can be filed on the [PHP bug tracker](https://bugs.php.net/). If this is
the first time you've filed a bug, we suggest reading the
[guide to reporting a bug](https://bugs.php.net/how-to-report.php).

Where possible, please include a self-contained reproduction case!

## Feature requests

Feature requests are generally submitted in the form of
[Requests for Comment](https://wiki.php.net/rfc/howto), ideally accompanied by
[pull requests](#pull-requests). You can find the extremely large list of RFCs
that have been previously considered on the
[PHP Wiki](https://wiki.php.net/rfc).

You may want to read
[The Mysterious PHP RFC Process](https://blogs.oracle.com/opal/entry/the_mysterious_php_rfc_process)
for additional notes on the best way to approach submitting an RFC.

## Writing tests

We love getting new tests! PHP is a huge project and improving code coverage is
a huge win for every PHP user.

[Our QA site includes a page detailing how to write test cases.](http://qa.php.net/write-test.php)

## Writing documentation

There are two ways to contribute to the PHP manual. You can edit the manual and
send patches anonymously via [the online editor](https://edit.php.net/), or you
can check the XML source out from Subversion and edit that and build it
[per the instructions on the documentation site](http://doc.php.net/tutorial/).
Patches created that way should be sent to the
[documentation mailing list](mailto:phpdoc@lists.php.net).

## Getting help

If you are having trouble contributing to PHP, or just want to talk to a human
about what you're working on, you can contact us via the
[internals mailing list](mailto:internals@lists.php.net), or the
[documentation mailing list](mailto:phpdoc@lists.php.net) for documentation
issues.

Although not a formal channel, you can also find a number of core developers on
the #php.pecl channel on [EFnet](http://www.efnet.org/). Similarly, many
documentation writers can be found on #php.doc.

## PHP source code directory structure

PHP source code also includes several files generated during development and
several parts where maintenance is happening upstream in their respective
locations.

```bash
<php-src>/
 ├─ .git/                           # Git configuration and source directory
 └─ TSRM/                           # Thread Safe Resource Manager
    └─ m4/                          # https://github.com/autoconf-archive/autoconf-archive
       └─ ax_func_which_gethostbyname_r.m4
    └─ ...
 └─ Zend/                           # Zend Engine
    ├─ zend_vm_execute.h            # Generated by `Zend/zend_vm_gen.php`
    ├─ zend_vm_opcodes.c            # Generated by `Zend/zend_vm_gen.php`
    ├─ zend_vm_opcodes.h            # Generated by `Zend/zend_vm_gen.php`
    └─ ...
 ├─ appveyor/                       # Appveyor CI service files
 └─ build/                          # *nix build system files
    ├─ ax_check_compile_flag.m4     # https://github.com/autoconf-archive/autoconf-archive
    ├─ ax_gcc_func_attribute.m4     # https://github.com/autoconf-archive/autoconf-archive
    ├─ config.guess                 # https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/config.git
    ├─ config.sub                   # https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/config.git
    ├─ libtool.m4                   # https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/libtool.git
    ├─ ltmain.sh                    # https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/libtool.git
    ├─ shtool                       # https://www.gnu.org/software/shtool/
    └─ ...
 └─ ext/                            # PHP core extensions
    └─ bcmath/
       ├─ libbcmath/                # Forked and maintained in php-src
       └─ ...
    └─ curl/
       ├─ sync-constants.php        # The curl symbols checker
       └─ ...
    └─ date/
       └─ lib/                      # Bundled datetime library https://github.com/derickr/timelib
          ├─ parse_date.c           # Generated by re2c 0.15.3
          ├─ parse_iso_intervals.c  # Generated by re2c 0.15.3
          └─ ...
       └─ ...
    └─ fileinfo/
       ├─ libmagic/                 # Modified libmagic https://github.com/file/file
       ├─ data_file.c               # Generated by `ext/fileinfo/create_data_file.php`
       ├─ libmagic.patch            # Modifications patch from upstream libmagic
       ├─ magicdata.patch           # Modifications patch from upstream libmagic
       └─ ...
    └─ gd/
       ├─ libgd/                    # Bundled and modified GD library https://github.com/libgd/libgd
       └─ ...
    └─ mbstring/
       ├─ libmbfl/                  # Forked and maintained in php-src
       ├─ unicode_data.h            # Generated by `ext/mbstring/ucgendat/ucgendat.php`
       └─ ...
    └─ pcre/
       ├─ pcre2lib/                 # https://www.pcre.org/
       └─ ...
    └─ pdo_mysql/
       ├─ php_pdo_mysql_sqlstate.h  # Generated by `ext/pdo_mysql/get_error_codes.php`
       └─ ...
    └─ skeleton/                    # Skeleton for developing new extensions with `ext/ext_skel.php`
       └─ ...
    └─ standard/
       └─ html_tables/
          ├─ mappings/              # https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/
          └─ ...
       ├─ credits_ext.h             # Generated by `scripts/dev/credits`
       ├─ credits_sapi.h            # Generated by `scripts/dev/credits`
       ├─ html_tables.h             # Generated by `ext/standard/html_tables/html_table_gen.php`
       └─ ...
    └─ tokenizer/
       ├─ tokenizer_data.c          # Generated by `ext/tokenizer/tokenizer_data_gen.sh`
       └─ ...
    └─ xmlrpc/
       ├─ libxmlrpc/                # Forked and maintained in php-src
       └─ ...
    └─ zend_test                    # For testing internal APIs. Not needed for regular builds.
       └─ ...
    └─ zip/                         # Bundled https://github.com/pierrejoye/php_zip
       └─ ...
    └─ ...
 └─ main/                           # Binding that ties extensions, SAPIs, and engine together
    ├─ streams/                     # Streams layer subsystem
    ├─ php_version.h                # Generated by release managers using `configure`
    └─ ...
 ├─ pear/                           # PEAR installation
 └─ sapi/                           # PHP SAPI modules
    └─ cli/
       ├─ mime_type_map.h           # Generated by `sapi/cli/generate_mime_type_map.php`
       └─ ...
    └─ ...
 ├─ scripts/                        # php-config, phpize and internal development scripts
 ├─ tests/                          # Core features tests
 ├─ travis/                         # Travis CI service files
 └─ win32/                          # Windows build system files
    ├─ cp_enc_map.c                 # Generated by `win32/cp_enc_map_gen.exe`
    └─ ...
 └─ ...
```