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138 lines
4.9 KiB
Groff
138 lines
4.9 KiB
Groff
The 'req' command is used to manipulate and deal with pkcs#10
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certificate requests.
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It's default mode of operation is to load a certificate and then
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write it out again.
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By default the 'req' is read from stdin in 'PEM' format.
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The -inform option can be used to specify 'pem' format or 'der'
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format. PEM format is the base64 encoding of the DER format.
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By default 'req' then writes the request back out. -outform can be used
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to indicate the desired output format, be it 'pem' or 'der'.
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To specify an input file, use the '-in' option and the '-out' option
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can be used to specify the output file.
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If you wish to perform a command and not output the certificate
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request afterwards, use the '-noout' option.
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When a certificate is loaded, it can be printed in a human readable
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ascii format via the '-text' option.
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To check that the signature on a certificate request is correct, use
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the '-verify' option to make sure that the private key contained in the
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certificate request corresponds to the signature.
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Besides the default mode, there is also the 'generate a certificate
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request' mode. There are several flags that trigger this mode.
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-new will generate a new RSA key (if required) and then prompts
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the user for details for the certificate request.
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-newkey has an argument that is the number of bits to make the new
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key. This function also triggers '-new'.
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The '-new' option can have a key to use specified instead of having to
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load one, '-key' is used to specify the file containg the key.
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-keyform can be used to specify the format of the key. Only
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'pem' and 'der' formats are supported, later, 'netscape' format may be added.
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Finally there is the '-x509' options which makes req output a self
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signed x509 certificate instead of a certificate request.
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Now as you may have noticed, there are lots of default options that
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cannot be specified via the command line. They are held in a 'template'
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or 'configuration file'. The -config option specifies which configuration
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file to use. See conf.doc for details on the syntax of this file.
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The req command uses the 'req' section of the config file.
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---
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# The following variables are defined. For this example I will populate
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# the various values
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[ req ]
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default_bits = 512 # default number of bits to use.
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default_keyfile = testkey.pem # Where to write the generated keyfile
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# if not specified.
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distinguished_name= req_dn # The section that contains the
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# information about which 'object' we
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# want to put in the DN.
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attributes = req_attr # The objects we want for the
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# attributes field.
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encrypt_rsa_key = no # Should we encrypt newly generated
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# keys. I strongly recommend 'yes'.
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# The distinguished name section. For the following entries, the
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# object names must exist in the SSLeay header file objects.h. If they
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# do not, they will be silently ignored. The entries have the following
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# format.
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# <object_name> => string to prompt with
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# <object_name>_default => default value for people
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# <object_name>_value => Automatically use this value for this field.
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# <object_name>_min => minimum number of characters for data (def. 0)
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# <object_name>_max => maximum number of characters for data (def. inf.)
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# All of these entries are optional except for the first one.
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[ req_dn ]
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countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
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countryName_default = AU
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stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
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stateOrProvinceName_default = Queensland
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localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
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organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
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organizationName_default = Mincom Pty Ltd
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organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
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organizationalUnitName_default = MTR
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commonName = Common Name (eg, YOUR name)
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commonName_max = 64
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emailAddress = Email Address
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emailAddress_max = 40
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# The next section is the attributes section. This is exactly the
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# same as for the previous section except that the resulting objects are
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# put in the attributes field.
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[ req_attr ]
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challengePassword = A challenge password
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challengePassword_min = 4
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challengePassword_max = 20
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unstructuredName = An optional company name
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----
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Also note that the order that attributes appear in this file is the
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order they will be put into the distinguished name.
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Once this request has been generated, it can be sent to a CA for
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certifying.
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----
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A few quick examples....
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To generate a new request and a new key
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req -new
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To generate a new request and a 1058 bit key
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req -newkey 1058
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To generate a new request using a pre-existing key
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req -new -key key.pem
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To generate a self signed x509 certificate from a certificate
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request using a supplied key, and we want to see the text form of the
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output certificate (which we will put in the file selfSign.pem
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req -x509 -in req.pem -key key.pem -text -out selfSign.pem
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Verify that the signature is correct on a certificate request.
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req -verify -in req.pem
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Verify that the signature was made using a specified public key.
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req -verify -in req.pem -key key.pem
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Print the contents of a certificate request
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req -text -in req.pem
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