/* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) * All rights reserved. * * This package is an SSL implementation written * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com). * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL. * * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as * the following conditions are aheared to. The following conditions * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA, * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code. The SSL documentation * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com). * * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in * the code are not to be removed. * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution * as the author of the parts of the library used. * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * "This product includes cryptographic software written by * Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)" * The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library * being used are not cryptographic related :-). * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from * the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement: * "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)" * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. * * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or * derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this code cannot simply be * copied and put under another distribution licence * [including the GNU Public Licence.] */ /* ==================================================================== * Copyright (c) 1998-2006 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this * software must display the following acknowledgment: * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)" * * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to * endorse or promote products derived from this software without * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact * openssl-core@openssl.org. * * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL" * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written * permission of the OpenSSL Project. * * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following * acknowledgment: * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)" * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * ==================================================================== * * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com). * */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE # include #endif /* needed for the _O_BINARY defs in the MS world */ #define USE_SOCKETS #include "s_apps.h" #include #ifdef OPENSSL_FIPS # include #endif #define INCLUDE_FUNCTION_TABLE #include "apps.h" #if 1 # define LIST_STANDARD_COMMANDS "list-standard-commands" # define LIST_MESSAGE_DIGEST_COMMANDS "list-message-digest-commands" # define LIST_MESSAGE_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS "list-message-digest-algorithms" # define LIST_CIPHER_COMMANDS "list-cipher-commands" # define LIST_CIPHER_ALGORITHMS "list-cipher-algorithms" # define LIST_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHMS "list-public-key-algorithms" #endif #ifdef OPENSSL_NO_CAMELLIA # define FORMAT "%-15s" # define COLUMNS 5 #else # define FORMAT "%-18s" # define COLUMNS 4 #endif /* Special sentinel to exit the program. */ #define EXIT_THE_PROGRAM (-1) /* * The LHASH callbacks ("hash" & "cmp") have been replaced by functions with * the base prototypes (we cast each variable inside the function to the * required type of "FUNCTION*"). This removes the necessity for * macro-generated wrapper functions. */ DECLARE_LHASH_OF(FUNCTION); static LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *prog_init(void); static int do_cmd(LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *prog, int argc, char *argv[]); static int list_pkey(void); static int list_cipher(void); static int list_md(void); static int list_type(FUNC_TYPE list_type); char *default_config_file = NULL; CONF *config = NULL; BIO *bio_in = NULL; BIO *bio_out = NULL; BIO *bio_err = NULL; static void apps_startup() { #ifdef SIGPIPE signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); #endif CRYPTO_malloc_init(); ERR_load_crypto_strings(); ERR_load_SSL_strings(); OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms(); OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms(); setup_ui_method(); /*SSL_library_init();*/ #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); #endif } static void apps_shutdown() { #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE ENGINE_cleanup(); #endif destroy_ui_method(); CONF_modules_unload(1); #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_COMP COMP_zlib_cleanup(); #endif OBJ_cleanup(); EVP_cleanup(); CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data(); ERR_remove_thread_state(NULL); RAND_cleanup(); ERR_free_strings(); } static char *make_config_name() { const char *t = X509_get_default_cert_area(); size_t len; char *p; len = strlen(t) + strlen(OPENSSL_CONF) + 2; p = OPENSSL_malloc(len); if (p == NULL) return NULL; BUF_strlcpy(p, t, len); #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS BUF_strlcat(p, "/", len); #endif BUF_strlcat(p, OPENSSL_CONF, len); return p; } static int load_config(CONF *cnf) { static int load_config_called = 0; if (load_config_called) return 1; load_config_called = 1; if (!cnf) cnf = config; if (!cnf) return 1; OPENSSL_load_builtin_modules(); if (CONF_modules_load(cnf, NULL, 0) <= 0) { BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error configuring OpenSSL\n"); ERR_print_errors(bio_err); return 0; } return 1; } static void lock_dbg_cb(int mode, int type, const char *file, int line) { static int modes[CRYPTO_NUM_LOCKS]; const char *errstr = NULL; int rw = mode & (CRYPTO_READ | CRYPTO_WRITE); if (rw != CRYPTO_READ && rw != CRYPTO_WRITE) { errstr = "invalid mode"; goto err; } if (type < 0 || type >= CRYPTO_NUM_LOCKS) { errstr = "type out of bounds"; goto err; } if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) { if (modes[type]) { errstr = "already locked"; /* must not happen in a single-threaded program --> deadlock! */ goto err; } modes[type] = rw; } else if (mode & CRYPTO_UNLOCK) { if (!modes[type]) { errstr = "not locked"; goto err; } if (modes[type] != rw) { errstr = (rw == CRYPTO_READ) ? "CRYPTO_r_unlock on write lock" : "CRYPTO_w_unlock on read lock"; } modes[type] = 0; } else { errstr = "invalid mode"; goto err; } err: if (errstr) { /* we cannot use bio_err here */ fprintf(stderr, "openssl (lock_dbg_cb): %s (mode=%d, type=%d) at %s:%d\n", errstr, mode, type, file, line); } } BIO *dup_bio_in(void) { return BIO_new_fp(stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE | BIO_FP_TEXT); } BIO *dup_bio_out(void) { BIO *b = BIO_new_fp(stdout, BIO_NOCLOSE | BIO_FP_TEXT); #ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS b = BIO_push(BIO_new(BIO_f_linebuffer()), b); #endif return b; } void unbuffer(FILE *fp) { setbuf(fp, NULL); } BIO *bio_open_default(const char *filename, const char *mode) { BIO *ret; if (filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) { ret = *mode == 'r' ? dup_bio_in() : dup_bio_out(); if (ret != NULL) return ret; BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open %s, %s\n", *mode == 'r' ? "stdin" : "stdout", strerror(errno)); } else { ret = BIO_new_file(filename, mode); if (ret != NULL) return ret; BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open %s for %s, %s\n", filename, *mode == 'r' ? "reading" : "writing", strerror(errno)); } ERR_print_errors(bio_err); return NULL; } #if defined( OPENSSL_SYS_VMS) extern char **copy_argv(int *argc, char **argv); #endif int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { FUNCTION f, *fp; LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *prog = NULL; char **copied_argv = NULL; char *p, *pname, *to_free = NULL; char buf[1024]; const char *prompt; ARGS arg; int first, n, i, ret = 0; long errline; arg.argv = NULL; arg.size = 0; #if defined( OPENSSL_SYS_VMS) copied_argv = argv = copy_argv(&argc, argv); #endif p = getenv("OPENSSL_DEBUG_MEMORY"); if (p == NULL) /* if not set, use compiled-in default */ ; else if (strcmp(p, "off") != 0) { CRYPTO_malloc_debug_init(); CRYPTO_set_mem_debug_options(V_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_ALL); } else { CRYPTO_set_mem_debug_functions(0, 0, 0, 0, 0); } CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON); CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(lock_dbg_cb); if (getenv("OPENSSL_FIPS")) { #ifdef OPENSSL_FIPS if (!FIPS_mode_set(1)) { ERR_load_crypto_strings(); ERR_print_errors(BIO_new_fp(stderr, BIO_NOCLOSE)); EXIT(1); } #else fprintf(stderr, "FIPS mode not supported.\n"); EXIT(1); #endif } apps_startup(); /* * If first argument is a colon, skip it. Because in "interactive" * mode our prompt is a colon and we can cut/paste whole lines * by doing this hack. */ if (argv[1] && strcmp(argv[1], ":") == 0) { argv[1] = argv[0]; argc--; argv++; } prog = prog_init(); pname = opt_progname(argv[0]); /* Lets load up our environment a little */ bio_in = dup_bio_in(); bio_out = dup_bio_out(); bio_err = BIO_new_fp(stderr, BIO_NOCLOSE | BIO_FP_TEXT); /* Determine and load the config file. */ default_config_file = getenv("OPENSSL_CONF"); if (default_config_file == NULL) default_config_file = getenv("SSLEAY_CONF"); if (default_config_file == NULL) default_config_file = to_free = make_config_name(); if (!load_config(NULL)) goto end; config = NCONF_new(NULL); i = NCONF_load(config, default_config_file, &errline); if (i == 0) { if (ERR_GET_REASON(ERR_peek_last_error()) == CONF_R_NO_SUCH_FILE) { BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: WARNING: can't open config file: %s\n", pname, default_config_file); ERR_clear_error(); NCONF_free(config); config = NULL; } else { ERR_print_errors(bio_err); NCONF_free(config); exit(1); } } /* first check the program name */ f.name = pname; fp = lh_FUNCTION_retrieve(prog, &f); if (fp != NULL) { argv[0] = pname; ret = fp->func(argc, argv); goto end; } /* If there is stuff on the command line, run with that. */ if (argc != 1) { argc--; argv++; ret = do_cmd(prog, argc, argv); if (ret < 0) ret = 0; goto end; } /* ok, lets enter interactive mode */ for (;;) { ret = 0; for (p = buf, n = sizeof buf, i = 0, first = 1;; first = 0) { prompt = first ? "OpenSSL> " : "> "; p[0] = '\0'; fputs(prompt, stdout); fflush(stdout); if (!fgets(p, n, stdin)) goto end; if (p[0] == '\0') goto end; i = strlen(p); if (i <= 1) break; if (p[i - 2] != '\\') break; i -= 2; p += i; n -= i; } if (!chopup_args(&arg, buf)) { BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't parse (no memory?)\n"); break; } ret = do_cmd(prog, arg.argc, arg.argv); if (ret == EXIT_THE_PROGRAM) { ret = 0; goto end; } if (ret != 0) BIO_printf(bio_err, "error in %s\n", arg.argv[0]); (void)BIO_flush(bio_out); (void)BIO_flush(bio_err); } ret = 1; end: if (copied_argv) OPENSSL_free(copied_argv); if (to_free) OPENSSL_free(to_free); if (config != NULL) { NCONF_free(config); config = NULL; } if (prog != NULL) lh_FUNCTION_free(prog); if (arg.argv != NULL) OPENSSL_free(arg.argv); BIO_free(bio_in); BIO_free_all(bio_out); apps_shutdown(); /*CRYPTO_mem_leaks(bio_err); */ BIO_free(bio_err); return (ret); } OPTIONS exit_options[] = { {NULL} }; /* Unified enum for help and list commands. */ typedef enum HELPLIST_CHOICE { OPT_ERR = -1, OPT_EOF = 0, OPT_HELP, OPT_COMMANDS, OPT_DIGEST_COMMANDS, OPT_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS, OPT_CIPHER_COMMANDS, OPT_CIPHER_ALGORITHMS, OPT_PK_ALGORITHMS } HELPLIST_CHOICE; OPTIONS list_options[] = { {"help", OPT_HELP, '-', "Display this summary"}, {"commands", OPT_COMMANDS, '-', "List of standard commands"}, {"digest-commands", OPT_DIGEST_COMMANDS, '-', "List of message digest commands"}, {"digest-algorithms", OPT_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS, '-', "List of message digest algorithms"}, {"cipher-commands", OPT_CIPHER_COMMANDS, '-', "List of cipher commands"}, {"cipher-algorithms", OPT_CIPHER_ALGORITHMS, '-', "List of cipher algorithms"}, {"public-key-algorithms", OPT_PK_ALGORITHMS, '-', "List of public key algorithms"}, {NULL} }; int list_main(int argc, char **argv) { char *prog; HELPLIST_CHOICE o; prog = opt_init(argc, argv, list_options); while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) { switch (o) { case OPT_EOF: case OPT_ERR: BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Use -help for summary.\n", prog); return 1; case OPT_HELP: opt_help(list_options); break; case OPT_COMMANDS: return list_type(FT_general); case OPT_DIGEST_COMMANDS: return list_type(FT_md); case OPT_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS: return list_md(); case OPT_CIPHER_COMMANDS: return list_type(FT_cipher); case OPT_CIPHER_ALGORITHMS: return list_cipher(); case OPT_PK_ALGORITHMS: return list_pkey(); } } return 0; } OPTIONS help_options[] = { {"help", OPT_HELP, '-', "Display this summary"}, {NULL} }; int help_main(int argc, char **argv) { FUNCTION *fp; int i, nl; FUNC_TYPE tp; char *prog; HELPLIST_CHOICE o; prog = opt_init(argc, argv, help_options); while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) { switch (o) { default: BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Use -help for summary.\n", prog); return 1; case OPT_HELP: opt_help(help_options); return 0; } } argc = opt_num_rest(); argv = opt_rest(); if (argc != 0) { BIO_printf(bio_err, "Usage: %s\n", prog); return 1; } BIO_printf(bio_err, "\nStandard commands"); i = 0; tp = FT_none; for (fp = functions; fp->name != NULL; fp++) { nl = 0; if (((i++) % COLUMNS) == 0) { BIO_printf(bio_err, "\n"); nl = 1; } if (fp->type != tp) { tp = fp->type; if (!nl) BIO_printf(bio_err, "\n"); if (tp == FT_md) { i = 1; BIO_printf(bio_err, "\nMessage Digest commands (see the `dgst' command for more details)\n"); } else if (tp == FT_cipher) { i = 1; BIO_printf(bio_err, "\nCipher commands (see the `enc' command for more details)\n"); } } BIO_printf(bio_err, FORMAT, fp->name); } BIO_printf(bio_err, "\n\n"); return 0; } int exit_main(int argc, char **argv) { return EXIT_THE_PROGRAM; } static int list_type(FUNC_TYPE flist_type) { FUNCTION *fp; int i = 0; for (fp = functions; fp->name != NULL; fp++) if (fp->type == flist_type) { if ((i++ % COLUMNS) == 0) BIO_printf(bio_out, "\n"); BIO_printf(bio_out, FORMAT, fp->name); } BIO_printf(bio_out, "\n"); return 0; } static int do_cmd(LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *prog, int argc, char *argv[]) { FUNCTION f, *fp; if (argc <= 0 || argv[0] == NULL) return (0); f.name = argv[0]; fp = lh_FUNCTION_retrieve(prog, &f); if (fp == NULL) { if (EVP_get_digestbyname(argv[0])) { f.type = FT_md; f.func = dgst_main; fp = &f; } else if (EVP_get_cipherbyname(argv[0])) { f.type = FT_cipher; f.func = enc_main; fp = &f; } } if (fp != NULL) { return (fp->func(argc, argv)); } if ((strncmp(argv[0], "no-", 3)) == 0) { /* * User is asking if foo is unsupported, by trying to "run" the * no-foo command. Strange. */ f.name = argv[0] + 3; if (lh_FUNCTION_retrieve(prog, &f) == NULL) { BIO_printf(bio_out, "%s\n", argv[0]); return (0); } BIO_printf(bio_out, "%s\n", argv[0] + 3); return 1; } if (strcmp(argv[0], "quit") == 0 || strcmp(argv[0], "q") == 0 || strcmp(argv[0], "exit") == 0 || strcmp(argv[0], "bye") == 0) /* Special value to mean "exit the program. */ return EXIT_THE_PROGRAM; #ifdef LIST_STANDARD_COMMANDS if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_STANDARD_COMMANDS) == 0) return list_type(FT_general); if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_MESSAGE_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS) == 0) return list_md(); if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHMS) == 0) return list_pkey(); if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_CIPHER_ALGORITHMS) == 0) return list_cipher(); if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_CIPHER_COMMANDS) == 0) return list_type(FT_cipher); if (strcmp(argv[0], LIST_MESSAGE_DIGEST_COMMANDS) == 0) return list_type(FT_md); #endif BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid command '%s'; type \"help\" for a list.\n", argv[0]); return (1); } static int list_pkey(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < EVP_PKEY_asn1_get_count(); i++) { const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth; int pkey_id, pkey_base_id, pkey_flags; const char *pinfo, *pem_str; ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0(i); EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(&pkey_id, &pkey_base_id, &pkey_flags, &pinfo, &pem_str, ameth); if (pkey_flags & ASN1_PKEY_ALIAS) { BIO_printf(bio_out, "Name: %s\n", OBJ_nid2ln(pkey_id)); BIO_printf(bio_out, "\tAlias for: %s\n", OBJ_nid2ln(pkey_base_id)); } else { BIO_printf(bio_out, "Name: %s\n", pinfo); BIO_printf(bio_out, "\tType: %s Algorithm\n", pkey_flags & ASN1_PKEY_DYNAMIC ? "External" : "Builtin"); BIO_printf(bio_out, "\tOID: %s\n", OBJ_nid2ln(pkey_id)); if (pem_str == NULL) pem_str = "(none)"; BIO_printf(bio_out, "\tPEM string: %s\n", pem_str); } } return 0; } static void list_cipher_fn(const EVP_CIPHER *c, const char *from, const char *to, void *arg) { if (c) BIO_printf(arg, "%s\n", EVP_CIPHER_name(c)); else { if (!from) from = ""; if (!to) to = ""; BIO_printf(arg, "%s => %s\n", from, to); } } static int list_cipher(void) { EVP_CIPHER_do_all_sorted(list_cipher_fn, bio_out); return 0; } static void list_md_fn(const EVP_MD *m, const char *from, const char *to, void *arg) { if (m) BIO_printf(arg, "%s\n", EVP_MD_name(m)); else { if (!from) from = ""; if (!to) to = ""; BIO_printf((BIO *)arg, "%s => %s\n", from, to); } } static int list_md(void) { EVP_MD_do_all_sorted(list_md_fn, bio_out); return 0; } static int function_cmp(const FUNCTION * a, const FUNCTION * b) { return strncmp(a->name, b->name, 8); } static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN(function, FUNCTION) static unsigned long function_hash(const FUNCTION * a) { return lh_strhash(a->name); } static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN(function, FUNCTION) static int SortFnByName(const void *_f1, const void *_f2) { const FUNCTION *f1 = _f1; const FUNCTION *f2 = _f2; if (f1->type != f2->type) return f1->type - f2->type; return strcmp(f1->name, f2->name); } static LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *prog_init(void) { LHASH_OF(FUNCTION) *ret; FUNCTION *f; size_t i; /* Sort alphabetically within category. For nicer help displays. */ for (i = 0, f = functions; f->name != NULL; ++f, ++i) ; qsort(functions, i, sizeof *functions, SortFnByName); if ((ret = lh_FUNCTION_new()) == NULL) return (NULL); for (f = functions; f->name != NULL; f++) (void)lh_FUNCTION_insert(ret, f); return (ret); }