diff --git a/servconf.c b/servconf.c
index e3f05aa75..9f8ffe8b2 100644
--- a/servconf.c
+++ b/servconf.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: servconf.c,v 1.415 2024/09/15 01:09:40 djm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: servconf.c,v 1.416 2024/09/15 01:11:26 djm Exp $ */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
  *                    All rights reserved
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ initialize_server_options(ServerOptions *options)
 	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_authfail = -1;
 	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_noauth = -1;
 	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_grace = -1;
+	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_refuseconnection = -1;
 	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_max = -1;
 	options->per_source_penalty.penalty_min = -1;
 	options->max_authtries = -1;
@@ -440,6 +441,8 @@ fill_default_server_options(ServerOptions *options)
 		options->per_source_penalty.penalty_authfail = 5;
 	if (options->per_source_penalty.penalty_noauth == -1)
 		options->per_source_penalty.penalty_noauth = 1;
+	if (options->per_source_penalty.penalty_refuseconnection == -1)
+		options->per_source_penalty.penalty_refuseconnection = 10;
 	if (options->per_source_penalty.penalty_min == -1)
 		options->per_source_penalty.penalty_min = 15;
 	if (options->per_source_penalty.penalty_max == -1)
@@ -2054,6 +2057,9 @@ process_server_config_line_depth(ServerOptions *options, char *line,
 			} else if (strncmp(arg, "grace-exceeded:", 15) == 0) {
 				p = arg + 15;
 				intptr = &options->per_source_penalty.penalty_grace;
+			} else if (strncmp(arg, "refuseconnection:", 17) == 0) {
+				p = arg + 17;
+				intptr = &options->per_source_penalty.penalty_refuseconnection;
 			} else if (strncmp(arg, "max:", 4) == 0) {
 				p = arg + 4;
 				intptr = &options->per_source_penalty.penalty_max;
@@ -3333,12 +3339,14 @@ dump_config(ServerOptions *o)
 
 	if (o->per_source_penalty.enabled) {
 		printf("persourcepenalties crash:%d authfail:%d noauth:%d "
-		    "grace-exceeded:%d max:%d min:%d max-sources4:%d "
-		    "max-sources6:%d overflow:%s overflow6:%s\n",
+		    "grace-exceeded:%d refuseconnection: %d max:%d min:%d "
+		    "max-sources4:%d max-sources6:%d "
+		    "overflow:%s overflow6:%s\n",
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_crash,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_authfail,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_noauth,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_grace,
+		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_refuseconnection,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_max,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.penalty_min,
 		    o->per_source_penalty.max_sources4,
diff --git a/servconf.h b/servconf.h
index f6d567049..ab6bcc0e2 100644
--- a/servconf.h
+++ b/servconf.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: servconf.h,v 1.166 2024/09/15 01:09:40 djm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: servconf.h,v 1.167 2024/09/15 01:11:26 djm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ struct per_source_penalty {
 	int	penalty_grace;
 	int	penalty_authfail;
 	int	penalty_noauth;
+	int	penalty_refuseconnection;
 	int	penalty_max;
 	int	penalty_min;
 };
diff --git a/srclimit.c b/srclimit.c
index 3dbdbf675..33116fa52 100644
--- a/srclimit.c
+++ b/srclimit.c
@@ -381,6 +381,10 @@ srclimit_penalise(struct xaddr *addr, int penalty_type)
 		penalty_secs = penalty_cfg.penalty_noauth;
 		reason = "penalty: connections without attempting authentication";
 		break;
+	case SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_REFUSECONNECTION:
+		penalty_secs = penalty_cfg.penalty_refuseconnection;
+		reason = "penalty: connection prohibited by RefuseConnection";
+		break;
 	case SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_GRACE_EXCEEDED:
 		penalty_secs = penalty_cfg.penalty_crash;
 		reason = "penalty: exceeded LoginGraceTime";
diff --git a/srclimit.h b/srclimit.h
index 13164515b..77d951ba6 100644
--- a/srclimit.h
+++ b/srclimit.h
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ void	srclimit_init(int, int, int, int,
 int	srclimit_check_allow(int, int);
 void	srclimit_done(int);
 
-#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_NONE		0
-#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_CRASH		1
-#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_AUTHFAIL	2
-#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_GRACE_EXCEEDED	3
-#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_NOAUTH		4
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_NONE			0
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_CRASH			1
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_AUTHFAIL		2
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_GRACE_EXCEEDED		3
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_NOAUTH			4
+#define SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_REFUSECONNECTION	5
 
 /* meaningful exit values, used by sshd listener for penalties */
 #define EXIT_LOGIN_GRACE	3	/* login grace period exceeded */
diff --git a/sshd.c b/sshd.c
index 6827cedea..df76dc78c 100644
--- a/sshd.c
+++ b/sshd.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: sshd.c,v 1.611 2024/09/12 00:36:27 djm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: sshd.c,v 1.612 2024/09/15 01:11:26 djm Exp $ */
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2002 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
@@ -381,6 +381,13 @@ child_reap(struct early_child *child)
 			    (long)child->pid, child->id,
 			    child->early ? " (early)" : "");
 			break;
+		case EXIT_CONFIG_REFUSED:
+			penalty_type = SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_REFUSECONNECTION;
+			debug_f("preauth child %ld for %s prohibited by"
+			    "RefuseConnection %s",
+			    (long)child->pid, child->id,
+			    child->early ? " (early)" : "");
+			break;
 		default:
 			penalty_type = SRCLIMIT_PENALTY_NOAUTH;
 			debug_f("preauth child %ld for %s exited "
diff --git a/sshd_config.5 b/sshd_config.5
index 56ed2bf1e..ce59843e5 100644
--- a/sshd_config.5
+++ b/sshd_config.5
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.371 2024/09/15 01:09:40 djm Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.372 2024/09/15 01:11:26 djm Exp $
 .Dd $Mdocdate: September 15 2024 $
 .Dt SSHD_CONFIG 5
 .Os
@@ -1605,6 +1605,11 @@ Specifies how long to refuse clients that cause a crash of
 .It Cm authfail:duration
 Specifies how long to refuse clients that disconnect after making one or more
 unsuccessful authentication attempts (default: 5s).
+.It Cm refuseconnection:duration
+Specified how long to refuse clients that were administratively prohibited
+connection via the
+.Cm RefuseConnection
+option (default: 10s).
 .It Cm noauth:duration
 Specifies how long to refuse clients that disconnect without attempting
 authentication (default: 1s).
@@ -1766,6 +1771,11 @@ The default is
 Indicates that
 .Xr sshd 8
 should unconditionally terminate the connection.
+Additionally, a
+.Cm refuseconnection
+penalty may be recorded against the source of the connection of
+.Cm PerSourcePenalties
+are enabled.
 This option is only really useful in a
 .Cm Match
 block.