2000-12-05 09:15:09 +08:00
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.Dd January 1, 1996
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.Dt ssh-keyscan 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ssh-keyscan
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.Nd gather ssh public keys
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ssh-keyscan
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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.Op Ar -- | host | addrlist namelist
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.Op Fl f Ar files ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is a utility for gathering the public ssh host keys of a number of
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hosts. It was designed to aid in building and verifying
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.Pa ssh_known_hosts
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files.
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.Nm
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provides a minimal interface suitable for use by shell and perl
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scripts.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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uses non-blocking socket I/O to contact as many hosts as possible in
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parallel, so it is very efficient. The keys from a domain of 1,000
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hosts can be collected in tens of seconds, even when some of those
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hosts are down or do not run ssh. You do not need login access to the
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machines you are scanning, nor does does the scanning process involve
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any encryption.
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.Sh SECURITY
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If you make an ssh_known_hosts file using
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.Nm
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without verifying the keys, you will be vulnerable to
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.I man in the middle
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attacks.
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On the other hand, if your security model allows such a risk,
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.Nm
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can help you detect tampered keyfiles or man in the middle attacks which
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have begun after you created your ssh_known_hosts file.
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.Sh OPTIONS
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl t
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Set the timeout for connection attempts. If
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.Pa timeout
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seconds have elapsed since a connection was initiated to a host or since the
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last time anything was read from that host, then the connection is
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closed and the host in question considered unavailable. Default is 5
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seconds.
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.It Fl f
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Read hosts or
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.Pa addrlist namelist
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pairs from this file, one per line.
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If
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.Pa -
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is supplied instead of a filename,
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.Nm
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will read hosts or
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.Pa addrlist namelist
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pairs from the standard input.
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2001-01-06 23:18:16 +08:00
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.El
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2000-12-05 09:15:09 +08:00
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Pp
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Print the host key for machine
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.Pa hostname :
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.Bd -literal
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ssh-keyscan hostname
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Find all hosts from the file
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.Pa ssh_hosts
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which have new or different keys from those in the sorted file
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.Pa ssh_known_hosts :
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.Bd -literal
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ssh-keyscan -f ssh_hosts | sort -u - ssh_known_hosts | \e\
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diff ssh_known_hosts -
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Sh FILES
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.Pp
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.Pa Input format:
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1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4 name.my.domain,name,n.my.domain,n,1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4
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.Pp
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.Pa Output format:
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host-or-namelist bits exponent modulus
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.Pp
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.Pa /etc/ssh_known_hosts
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.Sh BUGS
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It generates "Connection closed by remote host" messages on the consoles
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of all the machines it scans.
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This is because it opens a connection to the ssh port, reads the public
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key, and drops the connection as soon as it gets the key.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ssh 1
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.Xr sshd 8
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.Sh AUTHOR
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David Mazieres <dm@lcs.mit.edu>
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