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cc1b8d8bc6
It is misleading to say that we pull refs from $GIT_DIR/refs/*, because we
may also consult the packed refs mechanism. These days we tend to treat
the "refs hierarchy" as more of an abstract namespace that happens to be
represented as $GIT_DIR/refs. At best, this is a minor inaccuracy, but at
worst it can confuse users who then look in $GIT_DIR/refs and find that it
is missing some of the refs they expected to see.
This patch drops most uses of "$GIT_DIR/refs/*", changing them into just
"refs/*", under the assumption that users can handle the concept of an
abstract refs namespace. There are a few things to note:
- most cases just dropped the $GIT_DIR/ portion. But for cases where
that left _just_ the word "refs", I changed it to "refs/" to help
indicate that it was a hierarchy. I didn't do the same for longer
paths (e.g., "refs/heads" remained, instead of becoming
"refs/heads/").
- in some cases, no change was made, as the text was explicitly about
unpacked refs (e.g., the discussion in git-pack-refs).
- In some cases it made sense instead to note the existence of packed
refs (e.g., in check-ref-format and rev-parse).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
246 lines
7.8 KiB
Plaintext
246 lines
7.8 KiB
Plaintext
git-clone(1)
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============
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NAME
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----
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git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directory
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
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[-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
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[-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
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[--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates
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remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository
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(visible using `git branch -r`), and creates and checks out an
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initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's
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currently active branch.
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After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
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all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
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arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
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current master branch, if any.
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This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
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the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
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by initializing `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch`
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configuration variables.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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--local::
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-l::
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When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
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this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
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mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
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HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
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The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
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to save space when possible. This is now the default when
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the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
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syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option. To force
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copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
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if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
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but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
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mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
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--no-hardlinks::
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Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
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local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects`
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directory.
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--shared::
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-s::
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When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
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instead of using hard links, automatically setup
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`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
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with the source repository. The resulting repository
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starts out without any object of its own.
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+
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*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
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it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
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repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
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other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
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source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
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These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
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which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
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If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
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then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
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+
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Note that running `git repack` without the `-l` option in a repository
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cloned with `-s` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
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in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone -s`.
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It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `-l` option by
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default.
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+
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If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `-s` on
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its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all
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objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
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--reference <repository>::
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If the reference repository is on the local machine,
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automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to
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obtain objects from the reference repository. Using
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an already existing repository as an alternate will
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require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
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being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
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+
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*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
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--quiet::
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-q::
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Operate quietly. Progress is not reported to the standard
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error stream. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
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command when given.
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--verbose::
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-v::
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Run verbosely.
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--progress::
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Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
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by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
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is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
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standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
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--no-checkout::
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-n::
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No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
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--bare::
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Make a 'bare' GIT repository. That is, instead of
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creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
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files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
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itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
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because there is nowhere to check out the working tree.
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Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly
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to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping
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them to `refs/remotes/origin/`. When this option is
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used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related
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configuration variables are created.
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--mirror::
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Set up a mirror of the remote repository. This implies `--bare`.
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--origin <name>::
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-o <name>::
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Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track
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of the upstream repository, use `<name>`.
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--branch <name>::
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-b <name>::
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Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
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to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
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instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
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be checked out.
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--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
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-u <upload-pack>::
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When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
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via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command
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run on the other end.
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--template=<template_directory>::
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Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
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if unset the templates are taken from the installation
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defined default, typically `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
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--depth <depth>::
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Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
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specified number of revisions. A shallow repository has a
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number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from
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it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you
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are only interested in the recent history of a large project
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with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
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as patches.
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--recursive::
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After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
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using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
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`git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
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the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
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repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
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`--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
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<repository>::
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The (possibly remote) repository to clone from. See the
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<<URLS,URLS>> section below for more information on specifying
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repositories.
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<directory>::
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The name of a new directory to clone into. The "humanish"
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part of the source repository is used if no directory is
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explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo`
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for `host.xz:foo/.git`). Cloning into an existing directory
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is only allowed if the directory is empty.
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:git-clone: 1
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include::urls.txt[]
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Examples
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--------
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Clone from upstream::
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+
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------------
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$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
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$ cd my2.6
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$ make
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------------
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Make a local clone that borrows from the current directory, without checking things out::
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+
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------------
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$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy
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$ cd ../copy
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$ git show-branch
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------------
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Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory::
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+
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------------
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$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
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my2.7
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$ cd my2.7
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------------
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Create a bare repository to publish your changes to the public::
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------------
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$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
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------------
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Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus::
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+
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------------
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$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
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/pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
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------------
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Author
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------
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Documentation
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--------------
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Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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