mirror of
https://github.com/git/git.git
synced 2024-11-28 20:44:04 +08:00
5a03f1d75a
Doc update for a recently added feature. * bp/fsmonitor: fsmonitor: update documentation to remove reference to invalid config settings
558 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
558 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
git-update-index(1)
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git update-index'
|
|
[--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
|
|
[--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
|
|
[(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...]
|
|
[--chmod=(+|-)x]
|
|
[--[no-]assume-unchanged]
|
|
[--[no-]skip-worktree]
|
|
[--[no-]fsmonitor-valid]
|
|
[--ignore-submodules]
|
|
[--[no-]split-index]
|
|
[--[no-|test-|force-]untracked-cache]
|
|
[--[no-]fsmonitor]
|
|
[--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
|
|
[--info-only] [--index-info]
|
|
[-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
|
|
[--verbose]
|
|
[--] [<file>...]
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
|
|
into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
|
|
cleared.
|
|
|
|
See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
|
|
the most common operations on the index.
|
|
|
|
The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
|
|
using the various options:
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
--add::
|
|
If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
|
|
added.
|
|
Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
|
|
|
|
--remove::
|
|
If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
|
|
removed.
|
|
Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
|
|
|
|
--refresh::
|
|
Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
|
|
updates are needed by checking stat() information.
|
|
|
|
-q::
|
|
Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
|
|
default behavior is to error out. This option makes
|
|
'git update-index' continue anyway.
|
|
|
|
--ignore-submodules::
|
|
Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected
|
|
when passed before --refresh.
|
|
|
|
--unmerged::
|
|
If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
|
|
behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index'
|
|
continue anyway.
|
|
|
|
--ignore-missing::
|
|
Ignores missing files during a --refresh
|
|
|
|
--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>::
|
|
--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
|
|
Directly insert the specified info into the index. For
|
|
backward compatibility, you can also give these three
|
|
arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are
|
|
encouraged to use a single-parameter form.
|
|
|
|
--index-info::
|
|
Read index information from stdin.
|
|
|
|
--chmod=(+|-)x::
|
|
Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]assume-unchanged::
|
|
When this flag is specified, the object names recorded
|
|
for the paths are not updated. Instead, this option
|
|
sets/unsets the "assume unchanged" bit for the
|
|
paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, the user
|
|
promises not to change the file and allows Git to assume
|
|
that the working tree file matches what is recorded in
|
|
the index. If you want to change the working tree file,
|
|
you need to unset the bit to tell Git. This is
|
|
sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
|
|
filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
|
|
(e.g. cifs).
|
|
+
|
|
Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
|
|
in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
|
|
thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
|
|
you will need to handle the situation manually.
|
|
|
|
--really-refresh::
|
|
Like `--refresh`, but checks stat information unconditionally,
|
|
without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]skip-worktree::
|
|
When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
|
|
for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
|
|
set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
|
|
section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]fsmonitor-valid::
|
|
When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
|
|
for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
|
|
set and unset the "fsmonitor valid" bit for the paths. See
|
|
section "File System Monitor" below for more information.
|
|
|
|
-g::
|
|
--again::
|
|
Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
|
|
entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
|
|
|
|
--unresolve::
|
|
Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
|
|
file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
|
|
|
|
--info-only::
|
|
Do not create objects in the object database for all
|
|
<file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
|
|
their object IDs into the index.
|
|
|
|
--force-remove::
|
|
Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
|
|
still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
|
|
|
|
--replace::
|
|
By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
|
|
'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
|
|
Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
|
|
cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries
|
|
that conflict with the entry being added are
|
|
automatically removed with warning messages.
|
|
|
|
--stdin::
|
|
Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
|
|
read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are
|
|
separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
|
|
|
|
--verbose::
|
|
Report what is being added and removed from index.
|
|
|
|
--index-version <n>::
|
|
Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
|
|
Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
|
|
or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
|
|
`git add -N`.
|
|
+
|
|
Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
|
|
size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
|
|
time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in 1.8.0 in
|
|
October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
|
|
may not support it yet.
|
|
|
|
-z::
|
|
Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
|
|
separated with NUL character instead of LF.
|
|
|
|
--split-index::
|
|
--no-split-index::
|
|
Enable or disable split index mode. If split-index mode is
|
|
already enabled and `--split-index` is given again, all
|
|
changes in $GIT_DIR/index are pushed back to the shared index
|
|
file.
|
|
+
|
|
These options take effect whatever the value of the `core.splitIndex`
|
|
configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning is
|
|
emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as the
|
|
configured value will take effect next time the index is read and this
|
|
will remove the intended effect of the option.
|
|
|
|
--untracked-cache::
|
|
--no-untracked-cache::
|
|
Enable or disable untracked cache feature. Please use
|
|
`--test-untracked-cache` before enabling it.
|
|
+
|
|
These options take effect whatever the value of the `core.untrackedCache`
|
|
configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning is
|
|
emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as the
|
|
configured value will take effect next time the index is read and this
|
|
will remove the intended effect of the option.
|
|
|
|
--test-untracked-cache::
|
|
Only perform tests on the working directory to make sure
|
|
untracked cache can be used. You have to manually enable
|
|
untracked cache using `--untracked-cache` or
|
|
`--force-untracked-cache` or the `core.untrackedCache`
|
|
configuration variable afterwards if you really want to use
|
|
it. If a test fails the exit code is 1 and a message
|
|
explains what is not working as needed, otherwise the exit
|
|
code is 0 and OK is printed.
|
|
|
|
--force-untracked-cache::
|
|
Same as `--untracked-cache`. Provided for backwards
|
|
compatibility with older versions of Git where
|
|
`--untracked-cache` used to imply `--test-untracked-cache` but
|
|
this option would enable the extension unconditionally.
|
|
|
|
--fsmonitor::
|
|
--no-fsmonitor::
|
|
Enable or disable files system monitor feature. These options
|
|
take effect whatever the value of the `core.fsmonitor`
|
|
configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning
|
|
is emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as
|
|
the configured value will take effect next time the index is
|
|
read and this will remove the intended effect of the option.
|
|
|
|
\--::
|
|
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
|
|
|
|
<file>::
|
|
Files to act on.
|
|
Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
|
|
`./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
|
|
cleaner names.
|
|
The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'
|
|
|
|
Using --refresh
|
|
---------------
|
|
`--refresh` does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
|
|
up to date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
|
|
"re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
|
|
can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
|
|
the stat entry is out of date.
|
|
|
|
For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
|
|
up the stat index details with the proper files.
|
|
|
|
Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
`--cacheinfo` is used to register a file that is not in the
|
|
current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout
|
|
merging.
|
|
|
|
To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
$ git update-index --cacheinfo <mode>,<sha1>,<path>
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
`--info-only` is used to register files without placing them in the object
|
|
database. This is useful for status-only repositories.
|
|
|
|
Both `--cacheinfo` and `--info-only` behave similarly: the index is updated
|
|
but the object database isn't. `--cacheinfo` is useful when the object is
|
|
in the database but the file isn't available locally. `--info-only` is
|
|
useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
|
|
object database.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using --index-info
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
`--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
|
|
multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
|
|
specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:
|
|
|
|
. mode SP sha1 TAB path
|
|
+
|
|
The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
|
|
reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
|
|
that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
|
|
back on 3-way merge.
|
|
|
|
. mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path
|
|
+
|
|
The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
|
|
into the index file.
|
|
|
|
. mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
|
|
+
|
|
This format is to put higher order stages into the
|
|
index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.
|
|
|
|
To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
|
|
first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
|
|
then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.
|
|
|
|
For example, starting with this index:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git ls-files -s
|
|
100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git update-index --index-info
|
|
0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz
|
|
100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
|
|
100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
|
|
path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
|
|
Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
|
|
for that path. After the above, we would end up with this:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git ls-files -s
|
|
100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz
|
|
100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
|
|
efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
|
|
information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
|
|
if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
|
|
the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
|
|
inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you
|
|
can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
|
|
cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a
|
|
path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
|
|
see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
|
|
assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working
|
|
tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
|
|
"assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
|
|
|
|
In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
|
|
option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files
|
|
have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
|
|
(see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]).
|
|
|
|
The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When
|
|
this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
|
|
paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
|
|
working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
|
|
and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
|
|
unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
|
|
`git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
|
|
the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
|
|
to mark them as "assume unchanged").
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
--------
|
|
To update and refresh only the files already checked out:
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git update-index --really-refresh <1>
|
|
$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2>
|
|
$ git diff --name-only <3>
|
|
$ edit foo.c
|
|
$ git diff --name-only <4>
|
|
M foo.c
|
|
$ git update-index foo.c <5>
|
|
$ git diff --name-only <6>
|
|
$ edit foo.c
|
|
$ git diff --name-only <7>
|
|
$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8>
|
|
$ git diff --name-only <9>
|
|
M foo.c
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
|
|
<2> mark the path to be edited.
|
|
<3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
|
|
<4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
|
|
<5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
|
|
<6> and it is assumed unchanged.
|
|
<7> even after you edit it.
|
|
<8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
|
|
<9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Skip-worktree bit
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
|
|
an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
|
|
working directory version is up to date and read the index version
|
|
instead.
|
|
|
|
To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
|
|
file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
|
|
present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
|
|
version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
|
|
is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
|
|
file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
|
|
working directory version matches index version)
|
|
|
|
Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
|
|
different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
|
|
precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
|
|
|
|
Split index
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
This mode is designed for repositories with very large indexes, and
|
|
aims at reducing the time it takes to repeatedly write these indexes.
|
|
|
|
In this mode, the index is split into two files, $GIT_DIR/index and
|
|
$GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. Changes are accumulated in
|
|
$GIT_DIR/index, the split index, while the shared index file contains
|
|
all index entries and stays unchanged.
|
|
|
|
All changes in the split index are pushed back to the shared index
|
|
file when the number of entries in the split index reaches a level
|
|
specified by the splitIndex.maxPercentChange config variable (see
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
|
|
Each time a new shared index file is created, the old shared index
|
|
files are deleted if their modification time is older than what is
|
|
specified by the splitIndex.sharedIndexExpire config variable (see
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
|
|
To avoid deleting a shared index file that is still used, its
|
|
modification time is updated to the current time everytime a new split
|
|
index based on the shared index file is either created or read from.
|
|
|
|
Untracked cache
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
This cache is meant to speed up commands that involve determining
|
|
untracked files such as `git status`.
|
|
|
|
This feature works by recording the mtime of the working tree
|
|
directories and then omitting reading directories and stat calls
|
|
against files in those directories whose mtime hasn't changed. For
|
|
this to work the underlying operating system and file system must
|
|
change the `st_mtime` field of directories if files in the directory
|
|
are added, modified or deleted.
|
|
|
|
You can test whether the filesystem supports that with the
|
|
`--test-untracked-cache` option. The `--untracked-cache` option used
|
|
to implicitly perform that test in older versions of Git, but that's
|
|
no longer the case.
|
|
|
|
If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use
|
|
the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--untracked-cache` option to
|
|
`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so
|
|
across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration
|
|
variable to `true` (or `false`) in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once
|
|
and have it affect all repositories you touch.
|
|
|
|
When the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable is changed, the
|
|
untracked cache is added to or removed from the index the next time a
|
|
command reads the index; while when `--[no-|force-]untracked-cache`
|
|
are used, the untracked cache is immediately added to or removed from
|
|
the index.
|
|
|
|
Before 2.17, the untracked cache had a bug where replacing a directory
|
|
with a symlink to another directory could cause it to incorrectly show
|
|
files tracked by git as untracked. See the "status: add a failing test
|
|
showing a core.untrackedCache bug" commit to git.git. A workaround for
|
|
that is (and this might work for other undiscovered bugs in the
|
|
future):
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
$ git -c core.untrackedCache=false status
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
This bug has also been shown to affect non-symlink cases of replacing
|
|
a directory with a file when it comes to the internal structures of
|
|
the untracked cache, but no case has been reported where this resulted in
|
|
wrong "git status" output.
|
|
|
|
There are also cases where existing indexes written by git versions
|
|
before 2.17 will reference directories that don't exist anymore,
|
|
potentially causing many "could not open directory" warnings to be
|
|
printed on "git status". These are new warnings for existing issues
|
|
that were previously silently discarded.
|
|
|
|
As with the bug described above the solution is to one-off do a "git
|
|
status" run with `core.untrackedCache=false` to flush out the leftover
|
|
bad data.
|
|
|
|
File System Monitor
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
This feature is intended to speed up git operations for repos that have
|
|
large working directories.
|
|
|
|
It enables git to work together with a file system monitor (see the
|
|
"fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5]) that can
|
|
inform it as to what files have been modified. This enables git to avoid
|
|
having to lstat() every file to find modified files.
|
|
|
|
When used in conjunction with the untracked cache, it can further improve
|
|
performance by avoiding the cost of scanning the entire working directory
|
|
looking for new files.
|
|
|
|
If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use
|
|
the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable (see
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--fsmonitor` option to
|
|
`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so
|
|
across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration
|
|
variable in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once and have it affect all
|
|
repositories you touch.
|
|
|
|
When the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable is changed, the
|
|
file system monitor is added to or removed from the index the next time
|
|
a command reads the index. When `--[no-]fsmonitor` are used, the file
|
|
system monitor is immediately added to or removed from the index.
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If
|
|
your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
|
|
unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
|
|
in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
|
|
executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
|
|
need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.
|
|
|
|
Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
|
|
to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
|
|
as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
|
|
from symbolic link to regular file.
|
|
|
|
The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See
|
|
'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.
|
|
|
|
The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
|
|
It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
|
|
something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
|
|
ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
|
|
The untracked cache extension can be enabled by the
|
|
`core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1],
|
|
linkgit:git-add[1],
|
|
linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|