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git/parse-options.c
SZEDER Gábor fa83cc834d parse-options: add support for parsing subcommands 
Several Git commands have subcommands to implement mutually exclusive
"operation modes", and they usually parse their subcommand argument
with a bunch of if-else if statements.

Teach parse-options to handle subcommands as well, which will result
in shorter and simpler code with consistent error handling and error
messages on unknown or missing subcommand, and it will also make
possible for our Bash completion script to handle subcommands
programmatically.

The approach is guided by the following observations:

  - Most subcommands [1] are implemented in dedicated functions, and
    most of those functions [2] either have a signature matching the
    'int cmd_foo(int argc, const char **argc, const char *prefix)'
    signature of builtin commands or can be trivially converted to
    that signature, because they miss only that last prefix parameter
    or have no parameters at all.

  - Subcommand arguments only have long form, and they have no double
    dash prefix, no negated form, and no description, and they don't
    take any arguments, and can't be abbreviated.

  - There must be exactly one subcommand among the arguments, or zero
    if the command has a default operation mode.

  - All arguments following the subcommand are considered to be
    arguments of the subcommand, and, conversely, arguments meant for
    the subcommand may not preceed the subcommand.

So in the end subcommand declaration and parsing would look something
like this:

    parse_opt_subcommand_fn *fn = NULL;
    struct option builtin_commit_graph_options[] = {
        OPT_STRING(0, "object-dir", &opts.obj_dir, N_("dir"),
                   N_("the object directory to store the graph")),
        OPT_SUBCOMMAND("verify", &fn, graph_verify),
        OPT_SUBCOMMAND("write", &fn, graph_write),
        OPT_END(),
    };
    argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
                         builtin_commit_graph_usage, 0);
    return fn(argc, argv, prefix);

Here each OPT_SUBCOMMAND specifies the name of the subcommand and the
function implementing it, and the address of the same 'fn' subcommand
function pointer.  parse_options() then processes the arguments until
it finds the first argument matching one of the subcommands, sets 'fn'
to the function associated with that subcommand, and returns, leaving
the rest of the arguments unprocessed.  If none of the listed
subcommands is found among the arguments, parse_options() will show
usage and abort.

If a command has a default operation mode, 'fn' should be initialized
to the function implementing that mode, and parse_options() should be
invoked with the PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL flag.  In this case
parse_options() won't error out when not finding any subcommands, but
will return leaving 'fn' unchanged.  Note that if that default
operation mode has any --options, then the PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT
flag is necessary as well (otherwise parse_options() would error out
upon seeing the unknown option meant to the default operation mode).

Some thoughts about the implementation:

  - The same pointer to 'fn' must be specified as 'value' for each
    OPT_SUBCOMMAND, because there can be only one set of mutually
    exclusive subcommands; parse_options() will BUG() otherwise.

    There are other ways to tell parse_options() where to put the
    function associated with the subcommand given on the command line,
    but I didn't like them:

      - Change parse_options()'s signature by adding a pointer to
        subcommand function to be set to the function associated with
        the given subcommand, affecting all callsites, even those that
        don't have subcommands.

      - Introduce a specific parse_options_and_subcommand() variant
        with that extra funcion parameter.

  - I decided against automatically calling the subcommand function
    from within parse_options(), because:

      - There are commands that have to perform additional actions
        after option parsing but before calling the function
        implementing the specified subcommand.

      - The return code of the subcommand is usually the return code
        of the git command, but preserving the return code of the
        automatically called subcommand function would have made the
        API awkward.

  - Also add a OPT_SUBCOMMAND_F() variant to allow specifying an
    option flag: we have two subcommands that are purposefully
    excluded from completion ('git remote rm' and 'git stash save'),
    so they'll have to be specified with the PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE
    flag.

  - Some of the 'parse_opt_flags' don't make sense with subcommands,
    and using them is probably just an oversight or misunderstanding.
    Therefore parse_options() will BUG() when invoked with any of the
    following flags while the options array contains at least one
    OPT_SUBCOMMAND:

      - PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH: parse_options() stops parsing
        arguments when encountering a "--" argument, so it doesn't
        make sense to expect and keep one before a subcommand, because
        it would prevent the parsing of the subcommand.

        However, this flag is allowed in combination with the
        PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL flag, because the double dash
        might be meaningful for the command's default operation mode,
        e.g. to disambiguate refs and pathspecs.

      - PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION: As its name suggests, this flag
        tells parse_options() to stop as soon as it encouners a
        non-option argument, but subcommands are by definition not
        options...  so how could they be parsed, then?!

      - PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN: This flag can be used to collect any
        unknown --options and then pass them to a different command or
        subsystem.  Surely if a command has subcommands, then this
        functionality should rather be delegated to one of those
        subcommands, and not performed by the command itself.

        However, this flag is allowed in combination with the
        PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL flag, making possible to pass
        --options to the default operation mode.

  - If the command with subcommands has a default operation mode, then
    all arguments to the command must preceed the arguments of the
    subcommand.

    AFAICT we don't have any commands where this makes a difference,
    because in those commands either only the command accepts any
    arguments ('notes' and 'remote'), or only the default subcommand
    ('reflog' and 'stash'), but never both.

  - The 'argv' array passed to subcommand functions currently starts
    with the name of the subcommand.  Keep this behavior.  AFAICT no
    subcommand functions depend on the actual content of 'argv[0]',
    but the parse_options() call handling their options expects that
    the options start at argv[1].

  - To support handling subcommands programmatically in our Bash
    completion script, 'git cmd --git-completion-helper' will now list
    both subcommands and regular --options, if any.  This means that
    the completion script will have to separate subcommands (i.e.
    words without a double dash prefix) from --options on its own, but
    that's rather easy to do, and it's not much work either, because
    the number of subcommands a command might have is rather low, and
    those commands accept only a single --option or none at all.  An
    alternative would be to introduce a separate option that lists
    only subcommands, but then the completion script would need not
    one but two git invocations and command substitutions for commands
    with subcommands.

    Note that this change doesn't affect the behavior of our Bash
    completion script, because when completing the --option of a
    command with subcommands, e.g. for 'git notes --<TAB>', then all
    subcommands will be filtered out anyway, as none of them will
    match the word to be completed starting with that double dash
    prefix.

[1] Except 'git rerere', because many of its subcommands are
    implemented in the bodies of the if-else if statements parsing the
    command's subcommand argument.

[2] Except 'credential', 'credential-store' and 'fsmonitor--daemon',
    because some of the functions implementing their subcommands take
    special parameters.

Signed-off-by: SZEDER Gábor <szeder.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2022-08-19 11:13:14 -07:00

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#include "git-compat-util.h"
#include "parse-options.h"
#include "cache.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "color.h"
#include "utf8.h"
static int disallow_abbreviated_options;
enum opt_parsed {
OPT_LONG = 0,
OPT_SHORT = 1<<0,
OPT_UNSET = 1<<1,
};
static void optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
{
if (opt->long_name && opt->short_name)
bug("switch '%c' (--%s) %s", opt->short_name,
opt->long_name, reason);
else if (opt->long_name)
bug("option '%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
else
bug("switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
}
static const char *optname(const struct option *opt, enum opt_parsed flags)
{
static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
strbuf_reset(&sb);
if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
strbuf_addf(&sb, "switch `%c'", opt->short_name);
else if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
strbuf_addf(&sb, "option `no-%s'", opt->long_name);
else if (flags == OPT_LONG)
strbuf_addf(&sb, "option `%s'", opt->long_name);
else
BUG("optname() got unknown flags %d", flags);
return sb.buf;
}
static enum parse_opt_result get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
const struct option *opt,
enum opt_parsed flags, const char **arg)
{
if (p->opt) {
*arg = p->opt;
p->opt = NULL;
} else if (p->argc == 1 && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT)) {
*arg = (const char *)opt->defval;
} else if (p->argc > 1) {
p->argc--;
*arg = *++p->argv;
} else
return error(_("%s requires a value"), optname(opt, flags));
return 0;
}
static void fix_filename(const char *prefix, const char **file)
{
if (!file || !*file || !prefix || is_absolute_path(*file)
|| !strcmp("-", *file))
return;
*file = prefix_filename(prefix, *file);
}
static enum parse_opt_result opt_command_mode_error(
const struct option *opt,
const struct option *all_opts,
enum opt_parsed flags)
{
const struct option *that;
struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
/*
* Find the other option that was used to set the variable
* already, and report that this is not compatible with it.
*/
for (that = all_opts; that->type != OPTION_END; that++) {
if (that == opt ||
!(that->flags & PARSE_OPT_CMDMODE) ||
that->value != opt->value ||
that->defval != *(int *)opt->value)
continue;
if (that->long_name)
strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
else
strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
error(_("%s is incompatible with %s"),
optname(opt, flags), that_name.buf);
strbuf_release(&that_name);
return PARSE_OPT_ERROR;
}
return error(_("%s : incompatible with something else"),
optname(opt, flags));
}
static enum parse_opt_result get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
const struct option *opt,
const struct option *all_opts,
enum opt_parsed flags)
{
const char *s, *arg;
const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
int err;
if (unset && p->opt)
return error(_("%s takes no value"), optname(opt, flags));
if (unset && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
return error(_("%s isn't available"), optname(opt, flags));
if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
return error(_("%s takes no value"), optname(opt, flags));
/*
* Giving the same mode option twice, although unnecessary,
* is not a grave error, so let it pass.
*/
if ((opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_CMDMODE) &&
*(int *)opt->value && *(int *)opt->value != opt->defval)
return opt_command_mode_error(opt, all_opts, flags);
switch (opt->type) {
case OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK:
return opt->ll_callback(p, opt, NULL, unset);
case OPTION_BIT:
if (unset)
*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
else
*(int *)opt->value |= opt->defval;
return 0;
case OPTION_NEGBIT:
if (unset)
*(int *)opt->value |= opt->defval;
else
*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
return 0;
case OPTION_BITOP:
if (unset)
BUG("BITOP can't have unset form");
*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->extra;
*(int *)opt->value |= opt->defval;
return 0;
case OPTION_COUNTUP:
if (*(int *)opt->value < 0)
*(int *)opt->value = 0;
*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : *(int *)opt->value + 1;
return 0;
case OPTION_SET_INT:
*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
return 0;
case OPTION_STRING:
if (unset)
*(const char **)opt->value = NULL;
else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
*(const char **)opt->value = (const char *)opt->defval;
else
return get_arg(p, opt, flags, (const char **)opt->value);
return 0;
case OPTION_FILENAME:
err = 0;
if (unset)
*(const char **)opt->value = NULL;
else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
*(const char **)opt->value = (const char *)opt->defval;
else
err = get_arg(p, opt, flags, (const char **)opt->value);
if (!err)
fix_filename(p->prefix, (const char **)opt->value);
return err;
case OPTION_CALLBACK:
{
const char *p_arg = NULL;
int p_unset;
if (unset)
p_unset = 1;
else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG)
p_unset = 0;
else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
p_unset = 0;
else if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
return -1;
else {
p_unset = 0;
p_arg = arg;
}
if (opt->callback)
return (*opt->callback)(opt, p_arg, p_unset) ? (-1) : 0;
else
return (*opt->ll_callback)(p, opt, p_arg, p_unset);
}
case OPTION_INTEGER:
if (unset) {
*(int *)opt->value = 0;
return 0;
}
if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt) {
*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
return 0;
}
if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
return -1;
if (!*arg)
return error(_("%s expects a numerical value"),
optname(opt, flags));
*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, (char **)&s, 10);
if (*s)
return error(_("%s expects a numerical value"),
optname(opt, flags));
return 0;
case OPTION_MAGNITUDE:
if (unset) {
*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 0;
return 0;
}
if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt) {
*(unsigned long *)opt->value = opt->defval;
return 0;
}
if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
return -1;
if (!git_parse_ulong(arg, opt->value))
return error(_("%s expects a non-negative integer value"
" with an optional k/m/g suffix"),
optname(opt, flags));
return 0;
default:
BUG("opt->type %d should not happen", opt->type);
}
}
static enum parse_opt_result parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
const struct option *options)
{
const struct option *all_opts = options;
const struct option *numopt = NULL;
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
}
/*
* Handle the numerical option later, explicit one-digit
* options take precedence over it.
*/
if (options->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
numopt = options;
}
if (numopt && isdigit(*p->opt)) {
size_t len = 1;
char *arg;
int rc;
while (isdigit(p->opt[len]))
len++;
arg = xmemdupz(p->opt, len);
p->opt = p->opt[len] ? p->opt + len : NULL;
if (numopt->callback)
rc = (*numopt->callback)(numopt, arg, 0) ? (-1) : 0;
else
rc = (*numopt->ll_callback)(p, numopt, arg, 0);
free(arg);
return rc;
}
return PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
}
static int has_string(const char *it, const char **array)
{
while (*array)
if (!strcmp(it, *(array++)))
return 1;
return 0;
}
static int is_alias(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
const struct option *one_opt,
const struct option *another_opt)
{
const char **group;
if (!ctx->alias_groups)
return 0;
if (!one_opt->long_name || !another_opt->long_name)
return 0;
for (group = ctx->alias_groups; *group; group += 3) {
/* it and other are from the same family? */
if (has_string(one_opt->long_name, group) &&
has_string(another_opt->long_name, group))
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static enum parse_opt_result parse_long_opt(
struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
const struct option *options)
{
const struct option *all_opts = options;
const char *arg_end = strchrnul(arg, '=');
const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
enum opt_parsed abbrev_flags = OPT_LONG, ambiguous_flags = OPT_LONG;
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
const char *rest, *long_name = options->long_name;
enum opt_parsed flags = OPT_LONG, opt_flags = OPT_LONG;
if (options->type == OPTION_SUBCOMMAND)
continue;
if (!long_name)
continue;
again:
if (!skip_prefix(arg, long_name, &rest))
rest = NULL;
if (!rest) {
/* abbreviated? */
if (!(p->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT) &&
!strncmp(long_name, arg, arg_end - arg)) {
is_abbreviated:
if (abbrev_option &&
!is_alias(p, abbrev_option, options)) {
/*
* If this is abbreviated, it is
* ambiguous. So when there is no
* exact match later, we need to
* error out.
*/
ambiguous_option = abbrev_option;
ambiguous_flags = abbrev_flags;
}
if (!(flags & OPT_UNSET) && *arg_end)
p->opt = arg_end + 1;
abbrev_option = options;
abbrev_flags = flags ^ opt_flags;
continue;
}
/* negation allowed? */
if (options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
continue;
/* negated and abbreviated very much? */
if (starts_with("no-", arg)) {
flags |= OPT_UNSET;
goto is_abbreviated;
}
/* negated? */
if (!starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
if (skip_prefix(long_name, "no-", &long_name)) {
opt_flags |= OPT_UNSET;
goto again;
}
continue;
}
flags |= OPT_UNSET;
if (!skip_prefix(arg + 3, long_name, &rest)) {
/* abbreviated and negated? */
if (starts_with(long_name, arg + 3))
goto is_abbreviated;
else
continue;
}
}
if (*rest) {
if (*rest != '=')
continue;
p->opt = rest + 1;
}
return get_value(p, options, all_opts, flags ^ opt_flags);
}
if (disallow_abbreviated_options && (ambiguous_option || abbrev_option))
die("disallowed abbreviated or ambiguous option '%.*s'",
(int)(arg_end - arg), arg);
if (ambiguous_option) {
error(_("ambiguous option: %s "
"(could be --%s%s or --%s%s)"),
arg,
(ambiguous_flags & OPT_UNSET) ? "no-" : "",
ambiguous_option->long_name,
(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ? "no-" : "",
abbrev_option->long_name);
return PARSE_OPT_HELP;
}
if (abbrev_option)
return get_value(p, abbrev_option, all_opts, abbrev_flags);
return PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
}
static enum parse_opt_result parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
const char *arg,
const struct option *options)
{
const struct option *all_opts = options;
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
continue;
if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
}
return PARSE_OPT_ERROR;
}
static enum parse_opt_result parse_subcommand(const char *arg,
const struct option *options)
{
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++)
if (options->type == OPTION_SUBCOMMAND &&
!strcmp(options->long_name, arg)) {
*(parse_opt_subcommand_fn **)options->value = options->subcommand_fn;
return PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND;
}
return PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
}
static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
{
if (strlen(arg) < 3)
return;
if (starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
error(_("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes)?"), arg);
exit(129);
}
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
if (!options->long_name)
continue;
if (starts_with(options->long_name, arg)) {
error(_("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes)?"), arg);
exit(129);
}
}
}
static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
{
char short_opts[128];
void *subcommand_value = NULL;
memset(short_opts, '\0', sizeof(short_opts));
for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG))
optbug(opts, "uses incompatible flags "
"LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG");
if (opts->short_name) {
if (0x7F <= opts->short_name)
optbug(opts, "invalid short name");
else if (short_opts[opts->short_name]++)
optbug(opts, "short name already used");
}
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH &&
((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG) ||
!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG) ||
opts->long_name))
optbug(opts, "uses feature "
"not supported for dashless options");
switch (opts->type) {
case OPTION_COUNTUP:
case OPTION_BIT:
case OPTION_NEGBIT:
case OPTION_SET_INT:
case OPTION_NUMBER:
if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
optbug(opts, "should not accept an argument");
break;
case OPTION_CALLBACK:
if (!opts->callback && !opts->ll_callback)
optbug(opts, "OPTION_CALLBACK needs one callback");
else if (opts->callback && opts->ll_callback)
optbug(opts, "OPTION_CALLBACK can't have two callbacks");
break;
case OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK:
if (!opts->ll_callback)
optbug(opts, "OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK needs a callback");
if (opts->callback)
optbug(opts, "OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK needs no high level callback");
break;
case OPTION_ALIAS:
optbug(opts, "OPT_ALIAS() should not remain at this point. "
"Are you using parse_options_step() directly?\n"
"That case is not supported yet.");
break;
case OPTION_SUBCOMMAND:
if (!opts->value || !opts->subcommand_fn)
optbug(opts, "OPTION_SUBCOMMAND needs a value and a subcommand function");
if (!subcommand_value)
subcommand_value = opts->value;
else if (subcommand_value != opts->value)
optbug(opts, "all OPTION_SUBCOMMANDs need the same value");
break;
default:
; /* ok. (usually accepts an argument) */
}
if (opts->argh &&
strcspn(opts->argh, " _") != strlen(opts->argh))
optbug(opts, "multi-word argh should use dash to separate words");
}
BUG_if_bug("invalid 'struct option'");
}
static int has_subcommands(const struct option *options)
{
for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++)
if (options->type == OPTION_SUBCOMMAND)
return 1;
return 0;
}
static void parse_options_start_1(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
const struct option *options,
enum parse_opt_flags flags)
{
ctx->argc = argc;
ctx->argv = argv;
if (!(flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT)) {
ctx->argc--;
ctx->argv++;
}
ctx->total = ctx->argc;
ctx->out = argv;
ctx->prefix = prefix;
ctx->cpidx = ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0) != 0);
ctx->flags = flags;
ctx->has_subcommands = has_subcommands(options);
if (!ctx->has_subcommands && (flags & PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL))
BUG("Using PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL without subcommands");
if (ctx->has_subcommands) {
if (flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION)
BUG("subcommands are incompatible with PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION");
if (!(flags & PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL)) {
if (flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT)
BUG("subcommands are incompatible with PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT unless in combination with PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL");
if (flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH)
BUG("subcommands are incompatible with PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH unless in combination with PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL");
}
}
if ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT) &&
(flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION) &&
!(flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT))
BUG("STOP_AT_NON_OPTION and KEEP_UNKNOWN don't go together");
if ((flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT) &&
(flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0))
BUG("Can't keep argv0 if you don't have it");
parse_options_check(options);
}
void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
const struct option *options,
enum parse_opt_flags flags)
{
memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
parse_options_start_1(ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options, flags);
}
static void show_negated_gitcomp(const struct option *opts, int show_all,
int nr_noopts)
{
int printed_dashdash = 0;
for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
int has_unset_form = 0;
const char *name;
if (!opts->long_name)
continue;
if (!show_all &&
(opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE)))
continue;
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
continue;
switch (opts->type) {
case OPTION_STRING:
case OPTION_FILENAME:
case OPTION_INTEGER:
case OPTION_MAGNITUDE:
case OPTION_CALLBACK:
case OPTION_BIT:
case OPTION_NEGBIT:
case OPTION_COUNTUP:
case OPTION_SET_INT:
has_unset_form = 1;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (!has_unset_form)
continue;
if (skip_prefix(opts->long_name, "no-", &name)) {
if (nr_noopts < 0)
printf(" --%s", name);
} else if (nr_noopts >= 0) {
if (nr_noopts && !printed_dashdash) {
printf(" --");
printed_dashdash = 1;
}
printf(" --no-%s", opts->long_name);
nr_noopts++;
}
}
}
static int show_gitcomp(const struct option *opts, int show_all)
{
const struct option *original_opts = opts;
int nr_noopts = 0;
for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
const char *prefix = "--";
const char *suffix = "";
if (!opts->long_name)
continue;
if (!show_all &&
(opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE | PARSE_OPT_FROM_ALIAS)))
continue;
switch (opts->type) {
case OPTION_SUBCOMMAND:
prefix = "";
break;
case OPTION_GROUP:
continue;
case OPTION_STRING:
case OPTION_FILENAME:
case OPTION_INTEGER:
case OPTION_MAGNITUDE:
case OPTION_CALLBACK:
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG)
break;
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)
break;
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT)
break;
suffix = "=";
break;
default:
break;
}
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_COMP_ARG)
suffix = "=";
if (starts_with(opts->long_name, "no-"))
nr_noopts++;
printf("%s%s%s%s", opts == original_opts ? "" : " ",
prefix, opts->long_name, suffix);
}
show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, show_all, -1);
show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, show_all, nr_noopts);
fputc('\n', stdout);
return PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE;
}
/*
* Scan and may produce a new option[] array, which should be used
* instead of the original 'options'.
*
* Right now this is only used to preprocess and substitute
* OPTION_ALIAS.
*
* The returned options should be freed using free_preprocessed_options.
*/
static struct option *preprocess_options(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
const struct option *options)
{
struct option *newopt;
int i, nr, alias;
int nr_aliases = 0;
for (nr = 0; options[nr].type != OPTION_END; nr++) {
if (options[nr].type == OPTION_ALIAS)
nr_aliases++;
}
if (!nr_aliases)
return NULL;
ALLOC_ARRAY(newopt, nr + 1);
COPY_ARRAY(newopt, options, nr + 1);
/* each alias has two string pointers and NULL */
CALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->alias_groups, 3 * (nr_aliases + 1));
for (alias = 0, i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
int short_name;
const char *long_name;
const char *source;
struct strbuf help = STRBUF_INIT;
int j;
if (newopt[i].type != OPTION_ALIAS)
continue;
short_name = newopt[i].short_name;
long_name = newopt[i].long_name;
source = newopt[i].value;
if (!long_name)
BUG("An alias must have long option name");
strbuf_addf(&help, _("alias of --%s"), source);
for (j = 0; j < nr; j++) {
const char *name = options[j].long_name;
if (!name || strcmp(name, source))
continue;
if (options[j].type == OPTION_ALIAS)
BUG("No please. Nested aliases are not supported.");
memcpy(newopt + i, options + j, sizeof(*newopt));
newopt[i].short_name = short_name;
newopt[i].long_name = long_name;
newopt[i].help = strbuf_detach(&help, NULL);
newopt[i].flags |= PARSE_OPT_FROM_ALIAS;
break;
}
if (j == nr)
BUG("could not find source option '%s' of alias '%s'",
source, newopt[i].long_name);
ctx->alias_groups[alias * 3 + 0] = newopt[i].long_name;
ctx->alias_groups[alias * 3 + 1] = options[j].long_name;
ctx->alias_groups[alias * 3 + 2] = NULL;
alias++;
}
return newopt;
}
static void free_preprocessed_options(struct option *options)
{
int i;
if (!options)
return;
for (i = 0; options[i].type != OPTION_END; i++) {
if (options[i].flags & PARSE_OPT_FROM_ALIAS)
free((void *)options[i].help);
}
free(options);
}
static enum parse_opt_result usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *,
const char * const *,
const struct option *,
int, int);
enum parse_opt_result parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
const struct option *options,
const char * const usagestr[])
{
int internal_help = !(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
/* we must reset ->opt, unknown short option leave it dangling */
ctx->opt = NULL;
for (; ctx->argc; ctx->argc--, ctx->argv++) {
const char *arg = ctx->argv[0];
if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT &&
ctx->argc != ctx->total)
break;
if (*arg != '-' || !arg[1]) {
if (parse_nodash_opt(ctx, arg, options) == 0)
continue;
if (!ctx->has_subcommands) {
if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION)
return PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION;
ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
continue;
}
switch (parse_subcommand(arg, options)) {
case PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND:
return PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND;
case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL)
/*
* arg is neither a short or long
* option nor a subcommand. Since
* this command has a default
* operation mode, we have to treat
* this arg and all remaining args
* as args meant to that default
* operation mode.
* So we are done parsing.
*/
return PARSE_OPT_DONE;
error(_("unknown subcommand: `%s'"), arg);
usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
case PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE:
case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
case PARSE_OPT_ERROR:
case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
/* Impossible. */
BUG("parse_subcommand() cannot return these");
}
}
/* lone -h asks for help */
if (internal_help && ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg + 1, "h"))
goto show_usage;
/*
* lone --git-completion-helper and --git-completion-helper-all
* are asked by git-completion.bash
*/
if (ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg, "--git-completion-helper"))
return show_gitcomp(options, 0);
if (ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg, "--git-completion-helper-all"))
return show_gitcomp(options, 1);
if (arg[1] != '-') {
ctx->opt = arg + 1;
switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
case PARSE_OPT_ERROR:
return PARSE_OPT_ERROR;
case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
if (ctx->opt)
check_typos(arg + 1, options);
if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
goto show_usage;
goto unknown;
case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
case PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND:
case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
case PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE:
BUG("parse_short_opt() cannot return these");
case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
break;
}
if (ctx->opt)
check_typos(arg + 1, options);
while (ctx->opt) {
switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
case PARSE_OPT_ERROR:
return PARSE_OPT_ERROR;
case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
goto show_usage;
/* fake a short option thing to hide the fact that we may have
* started to parse aggregated stuff
*
* This is leaky, too bad.
*/
ctx->argv[0] = xstrdup(ctx->opt - 1);
*(char *)ctx->argv[0] = '-';
goto unknown;
case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
case PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND:
case PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE:
case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
BUG("parse_short_opt() cannot return these");
case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
break;
}
}
continue;
}
if (!arg[2] /* "--" */ ||
!strcmp(arg + 2, "end-of-options")) {
if (!(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH)) {
ctx->argc--;
ctx->argv++;
}
break;
}
if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help-all"))
return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, options, 1, 0);
if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help"))
goto show_usage;
switch (parse_long_opt(ctx, arg + 2, options)) {
case PARSE_OPT_ERROR:
return PARSE_OPT_ERROR;
case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
goto unknown;
case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
goto show_usage;
case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
case PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND:
case PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE:
BUG("parse_long_opt() cannot return these");
case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
break;
}
continue;
unknown:
if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT)
break;
if (ctx->has_subcommands &&
(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL) &&
(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT)) {
/*
* Found an unknown option given to a command with
* subcommands that has a default operation mode:
* we treat this option and all remaining args as
* arguments meant to that default operation mode.
* So we are done parsing.
*/
return PARSE_OPT_DONE;
}
if (!(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT))
return PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
ctx->opt = NULL;
}
return PARSE_OPT_DONE;
show_usage:
return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, options, 0, 0);
}
int parse_options_end(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx)
{
if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_ONE_SHOT)
return ctx->total - ctx->argc;
MOVE_ARRAY(ctx->out + ctx->cpidx, ctx->argv, ctx->argc);
ctx->out[ctx->cpidx + ctx->argc] = NULL;
return ctx->cpidx + ctx->argc;
}
int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv,
const char *prefix,
const struct option *options,
const char * const usagestr[],
enum parse_opt_flags flags)
{
struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
struct option *real_options;
disallow_abbreviated_options =
git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_DISALLOW_ABBREVIATED_OPTIONS", 0);
memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
real_options = preprocess_options(&ctx, options);
if (real_options)
options = real_options;
parse_options_start_1(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options, flags);
switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, usagestr)) {
case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
case PARSE_OPT_ERROR:
exit(129);
case PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE:
exit(0);
case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
case PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND:
break;
case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
if (ctx.has_subcommands &&
!(flags & PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL)) {
error(_("need a subcommand"));
usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
}
break;
case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
error(_("unknown option `%s'"), ctx.argv[0] + 2);
} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
error(_("unknown switch `%c'"), *ctx.opt);
} else {
error(_("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'"),
ctx.argv[0]);
}
usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
}
precompose_argv_prefix(argc, argv, NULL);
free_preprocessed_options(real_options);
free(ctx.alias_groups);
return parse_options_end(&ctx);
}
static int usage_argh(const struct option *opts, FILE *outfile)
{
const char *s;
int literal = (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
!opts->argh || !!strpbrk(opts->argh, "()<>[]|");
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)
if (opts->long_name)
s = literal ? "[=%s]" : "[=<%s>]";
else
s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
else
s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
}
#define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
#define USAGE_GAP 2
static enum parse_opt_result usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
const char * const *usagestr,
const struct option *opts,
int full, int err)
{
FILE *outfile = err ? stderr : stdout;
int need_newline;
const char *usage_prefix = _("usage: %s");
/*
* The translation could be anything, but we can count on
* msgfmt(1)'s --check option to have asserted that "%s" is in
* the translation. So compute the length of the "usage: "
* part. We are assuming that the translator wasn't overly
* clever and used e.g. "%1$s" instead of "%s", there's only
* one "%s" in "usage_prefix" above, so there's no reason to
* do so even with a RTL language.
*/
size_t usage_len = strlen(usage_prefix) - strlen("%s");
/*
* TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
* one in "usage: %s" translation.
*/
const char *or_prefix = _(" or: %s");
/*
* TRANSLATORS: You should only need to translate this format
* string if your language is a RTL language (e.g. Arabic,
* Hebrew etc.), not if it's a LTR language (e.g. German,
* Russian, Chinese etc.).
*
* When a translated usage string has an embedded "\n" it's
* because options have wrapped to the next line. The line
* after the "\n" will then be padded to align with the
* command name, such as N_("git cmd [opt]\n<8
* spaces>[opt2]"), where the 8 spaces are the same length as
* "git cmd ".
*
* This format string prints out that already-translated
* line. The "%*s" is whitespace padding to account for the
* padding at the start of the line that we add in this
* function. The "%s" is a line in the (hopefully already
* translated) N_() usage string, which contained embedded
* newlines before we split it up.
*/
const char *usage_continued = _("%*s%s");
const char *prefix = usage_prefix;
int saw_empty_line = 0;
if (!usagestr)
return PARSE_OPT_HELP;
if (!err && ctx && ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SHELL_EVAL)
fprintf(outfile, "cat <<\\EOF\n");
while (*usagestr) {
const char *str = _(*usagestr++);
struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
unsigned int j;
if (!saw_empty_line && !*str)
saw_empty_line = 1;
string_list_split(&list, str, '\n', -1);
for (j = 0; j < list.nr; j++) {
const char *line = list.items[j].string;
if (saw_empty_line && *line)
fprintf_ln(outfile, _(" %s"), line);
else if (saw_empty_line)
fputc('\n', outfile);
else if (!j)
fprintf_ln(outfile, prefix, line);
else
fprintf_ln(outfile, usage_continued,
(int)usage_len, "", line);
}
string_list_clear(&list, 0);
prefix = or_prefix;
}
need_newline = 1;
for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
size_t pos;
int pad;
if (opts->type == OPTION_SUBCOMMAND)
continue;
if (opts->type == OPTION_GROUP) {
fputc('\n', outfile);
need_newline = 0;
if (*opts->help)
fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", _(opts->help));
continue;
}
if (!full && (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN))
continue;
if (need_newline) {
fputc('\n', outfile);
need_newline = 0;
}
pos = fprintf(outfile, " ");
if (opts->short_name) {
if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH)
pos += fprintf(outfile, "%c", opts->short_name);
else
pos += fprintf(outfile, "-%c", opts->short_name);
}
if (opts->long_name && opts->short_name)
pos += fprintf(outfile, ", ");
if (opts->long_name)
pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
pos += usage_argh(opts, outfile);
if (pos <= USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH)
pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH - pos;
else {
fputc('\n', outfile);
pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH;
}
if (opts->type == OPTION_ALIAS) {
fprintf(outfile, "%*s", pad + USAGE_GAP, "");
fprintf_ln(outfile, _("alias of --%s"),
(const char *)opts->value);
continue;
}
fprintf(outfile, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", _(opts->help));
}
fputc('\n', outfile);
if (!err && ctx && ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SHELL_EVAL)
fputs("EOF\n", outfile);
return PARSE_OPT_HELP;
}
void NORETURN usage_with_options(const char * const *usagestr,
const struct option *opts)
{
usage_with_options_internal(NULL, usagestr, opts, 0, 1);
exit(129);
}
void NORETURN usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
const char * const *usagestr,
const struct option *options)
{
die_message("%s\n", msg); /* The extra \n is intentional */
usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
}
void NORETURN usage_msg_optf(const char * const fmt,
const char * const *usagestr,
const struct option *options, ...)
{
struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, options);
strbuf_vaddf(&msg, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
usage_msg_opt(msg.buf, usagestr, options);
}
void die_for_incompatible_opt4(int opt1, const char *opt1_name,
int opt2, const char *opt2_name,
int opt3, const char *opt3_name,
int opt4, const char *opt4_name)
{
int count = 0;
const char *options[4];
if (opt1)
options[count++] = opt1_name;
if (opt2)
options[count++] = opt2_name;
if (opt3)
options[count++] = opt3_name;
if (opt4)
options[count++] = opt4_name;
switch (count) {
case 4:
die(_("options '%s', '%s', '%s', and '%s' cannot be used together"),
opt1_name, opt2_name, opt3_name, opt4_name);
break;
case 3:
die(_("options '%s', '%s', and '%s' cannot be used together"),
options[0], options[1], options[2]);
break;
case 2:
die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"),
options[0], options[1]);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
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