mirror of
https://github.com/git/git.git
synced 2024-12-01 22:13:45 +08:00
f976c89a20
Doc update on fetching and pushing. * mm/push-social-engineering-attack-doc: doc: mention transfer data leaks in more places
258 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
258 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
git-pull(1)
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
|
|
branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
|
|
`git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
|
|
|
|
More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
|
|
parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
|
|
heads into the current branch.
|
|
With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
|
|
|
|
<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
|
|
passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
|
|
arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
|
|
a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
|
|
(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
|
|
but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
|
|
|
|
Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
|
|
"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
|
|
as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
|
|
|
|
Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
|
|
"`master`":
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
A---B---C master on origin
|
|
/
|
|
D---E---F---G master
|
|
^
|
|
origin/master in your repository
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
|
|
`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
|
|
until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
|
|
result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
|
|
and a log message from the user describing the changes.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
A---B---C origin/master
|
|
/ \
|
|
D---E---F---G---H master
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
|
|
are presented and handled.
|
|
|
|
In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
|
|
`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
|
|
with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
|
|
in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
|
|
|
|
If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
|
|
the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
|
|
It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
|
|
pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
-q::
|
|
--quiet::
|
|
This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
|
|
during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
|
|
merging.
|
|
|
|
-v::
|
|
--verbose::
|
|
Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
|
|
This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
|
|
be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
|
|
That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
|
|
commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
|
|
merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
|
|
has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
|
|
merge result.
|
|
|
|
Options related to merging
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
:git-pull: 1
|
|
|
|
include::merge-options.txt[]
|
|
|
|
-r::
|
|
--rebase[=false|true|preserve|interactive]::
|
|
When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
|
|
branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
|
|
corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
|
|
was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
|
|
to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
|
|
+
|
|
When set to preserve, rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed
|
|
to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
|
|
+
|
|
When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
|
|
+
|
|
When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
|
|
+
|
|
See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
|
|
`--rebase` instead of merging.
|
|
+
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
|
|
It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
|
|
published that history already. Do *not* use this option
|
|
unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
|
|
|
|
--no-rebase::
|
|
Override earlier --rebase.
|
|
|
|
--autostash::
|
|
--no-autostash::
|
|
Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see
|
|
linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash when
|
|
done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash`
|
|
configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
+
|
|
This option is only valid when "--rebase" is used.
|
|
|
|
Options related to fetching
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
include::fetch-options.txt[]
|
|
|
|
include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
|
|
|
|
include::urls-remotes.txt[]
|
|
|
|
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
|
|
|
|
DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
|
|
Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
|
|
origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
|
|
present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
|
|
`origin`.
|
|
|
|
In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
|
|
of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
|
|
and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
|
|
in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
|
|
|
|
In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
|
|
optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
|
|
run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
|
|
of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
|
|
consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
|
|
file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
|
|
In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
|
|
section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
|
|
what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
|
|
must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
|
|
branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
|
|
`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
|
|
|
|
The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
|
|
fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
|
|
If explicit refspecs were given on the command
|
|
line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
|
|
|
|
When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
|
|
uses the refspec from the configuration or
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
|
|
rules apply:
|
|
|
|
. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
|
|
branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
|
|
remote site that is merged.
|
|
|
|
. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
|
|
|
|
. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
|
|
you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
|
|
current branch:
|
|
+
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
$ git pull, git pull origin
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
+
|
|
Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
|
|
but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
|
|
branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
|
|
+
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
$ git pull origin next
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
+
|
|
This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
|
|
does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
|
|
branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
|
|
+
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
$ git fetch origin
|
|
$ git merge origin/next
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
|
|
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
----
|
|
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
|
|
out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
|
|
just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
|
|
fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
|
|
having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
|
|
version.
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|