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Since `git add` is the approved porcelain for an end-user to invoke when they want to manipulate the index, porcelain documentation should steer the user to this command rather than the pure plumbing update-index. Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
212 lines
7.1 KiB
Plaintext
212 lines
7.1 KiB
Plaintext
git-rerere(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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'git-rerere' [clear|diff|status|gc]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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In a workflow that employs relatively long lived topic branches,
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the developer sometimes needs to resolve the same conflict over
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and over again until the topic branches are done (either merged
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to the "release" branch, or sent out and accepted upstream).
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This command helps this process by recording conflicted
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automerge results and corresponding hand-resolve results on the
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initial manual merge, and later by noticing the same automerge
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results and applying the previously recorded hand resolution.
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[NOTE]
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You need to create `$GIT_DIR/rr-cache` directory to enable this
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command.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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Normally, git-rerere is run without arguments or user-intervention.
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However, it has several commands that allow it to interact with
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its working state.
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'clear'::
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This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
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is aborted. Calling gitlink:git-am[1] --skip or gitlink:git-rebase[1]
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[--skip|--abort] will automatically invoke this command.
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'diff'::
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This displays diffs for the current state of the resolution. It is
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useful for tracking what has changed while the user is resolving
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conflicts. Additional arguments are passed directly to the system
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diff(1) command installed in PATH.
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'status'::
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Like diff, but this only prints the filenames that will be tracked
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for resolutions.
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'gc'::
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This command is used to prune records of conflicted merge that
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occurred long time ago. By default, conflicts older than 15
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days that you have not recorded their resolution, and conflicts
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older than 60 days, are pruned. These are controlled with
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`gc.rerereunresolved` and `gc.rerereresolved` configuration
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variables.
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DISCUSSION
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----------
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When your topic branch modifies overlapping area that your
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master branch (or upstream) touched since your topic branch
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forked from it, you may want to test it with the latest master,
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even before your topic branch is ready to be pushed upstream:
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------------
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o---*---o topic
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/
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o---o---o---*---o---o master
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------------
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For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow.
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One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
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------------
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$ git checkout topic
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$ git merge master
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o---*---o---+ topic
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/ /
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o---o---o---*---o---o master
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------------
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The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same
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file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit
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marked with `+`. Then you can test the result to make sure your
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work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.
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After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
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on the topic. The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
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commit `+`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
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ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the
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upstream to pull from you. By that time, however, the master or
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the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
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in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
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------------
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$ git checkout topic
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$ git merge master
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$ ... work on both topic and master branches
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$ git checkout master
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$ git merge topic
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o---*---o---+---o---o topic
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/ / \
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o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
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------------
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When your topic branch is long-lived, however, your topic branch
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would end up having many such "Merge from master" commits on it,
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which would unnecessarily clutter the development history.
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Readers of the Linux kernel mailing list may remember that Linus
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complained about such too frequent test merges when a subsystem
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maintainer asked to pull from a branch full of "useless merges".
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As an alternative, to keep the topic branch clean of test
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merges, you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on
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top of the tip before the test merge:
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------------
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$ git checkout topic
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$ git merge master
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$ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
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$ ... work on both topic and master branches
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$ git checkout master
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$ git merge topic
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o---*---o-------o---o topic
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/ \
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o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
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------------
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This would leave only one merge commit when your topic branch is
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finally ready and merged into the master branch. This merge
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would require you to resolve the conflict, introduced by the
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commits marked with `*`. However, often this conflict is the
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same conflict you resolved when you created the test merge you
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blew away. `git-rerere` command helps you to resolve this final
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conflicted merge using the information from your earlier hand
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resolve.
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Running `git-rerere` command immediately after a conflicted
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automerge records the conflicted working tree files, with the
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usual conflict markers `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` in
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them. Later, after you are done resolving the conflicts,
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running `git-rerere` again records the resolved state of these
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files. Suppose you did this when you created the test merge of
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master into the topic branch.
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Next time, running `git-rerere` after seeing a conflicted
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automerge, if the conflict is the same as the earlier one
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recorded, it is noticed and a three-way merge between the
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earlier conflicted automerge, the earlier manual resolution, and
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the current conflicted automerge is performed by the command.
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If this three-way merge resolves cleanly, the result is written
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out to your working tree file, so you would not have to manually
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resolve it. Note that `git-rerere` leaves the index file alone,
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so you still need to do the final sanity checks with `git diff`
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(or `git diff -c`) and `git add` when you are satisfied.
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As a convenience measure, `git-merge` automatically invokes
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`git-rerere` when it exits with a failed automerge, which
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records it if it is a new conflict, or reuses the earlier hand
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resolve when it is not. `git-commit` also invokes `git-rerere`
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when recording a merge result. What this means is that you do
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not have to do anything special yourself (Note: you still have
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to create `$GIT_DIR/rr-cache` directory to enable this command).
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In our example, when you did the test merge, the manual
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resolution is recorded, and it will be reused when you do the
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actual merge later with updated master and topic branch, as long
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as the earlier resolution is still applicable.
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The information `git-rerere` records is also used when running
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`git-rebase`. After blowing away the test merge and continuing
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development on the topic branch:
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------------
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o---*---o-------o---o topic
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/
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o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o master
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$ git rebase master topic
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o---*---o-------o---o topic
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/
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o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o master
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------------
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you could run `git rebase master topic`, to keep yourself
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up-to-date even before your topic is ready to be sent upstream.
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This would result in falling back to three-way merge, and it
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would conflict the same way the test merge you resolved earlier.
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`git-rerere` is run by `git rebase` to help you resolve this
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conflict.
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Author
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------
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Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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GIT
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---
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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