Allow 'git merge' to operate without expanding a sparse index, at least
not immediately. The index still will be expanded in a few cases:
1. If the merge strategy is 'recursive', then we enable
command_requires_full_index at the start of the merge_recursive()
method. We expect sparse-index users to also have the 'ort' strategy
enabled.
2. With the 'ort' strategy, if the merge results in a conflicted file,
then we expand the index before updating the working tree. The loop
that iterates over the worktree replaces index entries and tracks
'origintal_cache_nr' which can become completely wrong if the index
expands in the middle of the operation. This safety valve is
important before that loop starts. A later change will focus this
to only expand if we indeed have a conflict outside of the
sparse-checkout cone.
3. Other merge strategies are executed as a 'git merge-X' subcommand,
and those strategies are currently protected with the
'command_requires_full_index' guard.
Some test updates are required, including a mistaken 'git checkout -b'
that did not specify the base branch, causing merges to be fast-forward
merges.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Further optimization on "merge -sort" backend.
* en/ort-perf-batch-14:
merge-ort: restart merge with cached renames to reduce process entry cost
merge-ort: avoid recursing into directories when we don't need to
merge-ort: defer recursing into directories when merge base is matched
merge-ort: add a handle_deferred_entries() helper function
merge-ort: add data structures for allowable trivial directory resolves
merge-ort: add some more explanations in collect_merge_info_callback()
merge-ort: resolve paths early when we have sufficient information
Documentation on "git diff -l<n>" and diff.renameLimit have been
updated, and the defaults for these limits have been raised.
* en/rename-limits-doc:
rename: bump limit defaults yet again
diffcore-rename: treat a rename_limit of 0 as unlimited
doc: clarify documentation for rename/copy limits
diff: correct warning message when renameLimit exceeded
Many "printf"-like helper functions we have have been annotated
with __attribute__() to catch placeholder/parameter mismatches.
* ab/attribute-format:
advice.h: add missing __attribute__((format)) & fix usage
*.h: add a few missing __attribute__((format))
*.c static functions: add missing __attribute__((format))
sequencer.c: move static function to avoid forward decl
*.c static functions: don't forward-declare __attribute__
The merge algorithm mostly consists of the following three functions:
collect_merge_info()
detect_and_process_renames()
process_entries()
Prior to the trivial directory resolution optimization of the last half
dozen commits, process_entries() was consistently the slowest, followed
by collect_merge_info(), then detect_and_process_renames(). When the
trivial directory resolution applies, it often dramatically decreases
the amount of time spent in the two slower functions.
Looking at the performance results in the previous commit, the trivial
directory resolution optimization helps amazingly well when there are no
relevant renames. It also helps really well when reapplying a long
series of linear commits (such as in a rebase or cherry-pick), since the
relevant renames may well be cached from the first reapplied commit.
But when there are any relevant renames that are not cached (represented
by the just-one-mega testcase), then the optimization does not help at
all.
Often, I noticed that when the optimization does not apply, it is
because there are a handful of relevant sources -- maybe even only one.
It felt frustrating to need to recurse into potentially hundreds or even
thousands of directories just for a single rename, but it was needed for
correctness.
However, staring at this list of functions and noticing that
process_entries() is the most expensive and knowing I could avoid it if
I had cached renames suggested a simple idea: change
collect_merge_info()
detect_and_process_renames()
process_entries()
into
collect_merge_info()
detect_and_process_renames()
<cache all the renames, and restart>
collect_merge_info()
detect_and_process_renames()
process_entries()
This may seem odd and look like more work. However, note that although
we run collect_merge_info() twice, the second time we get to employ
trivial directory resolves, which makes it much faster, so the increased
time in collect_merge_info() is small. While we run
detect_and_process_renames() again, all renames are cached so it's
nearly a no-op (we don't call into diffcore_rename_extended() but we do
have a little bit of data structure checking and fixing up). And the
big payoff comes from the fact that process_entries(), will be much
faster due to having far fewer entries to process.
This restarting only makes sense if we can save recursing into enough
directories to make it worth our while. Introduce a simple heuristic to
guide this. Note that this heuristic uses a "wanted_factor" that I have
virtually no actual real world data for, just some back-of-the-envelope
quasi-scientific calculations that I included in some comments and then
plucked a simple round number out of thin air. It could be that
tweaking this number to make it either higher or lower improves the
optimization. (There's slightly more here; when I first introduced this
optimization, I used a factor of 10, because I was completely confident
it was big enough to not cause slowdowns in special cases. I was
certain it was higher than needed. Several months later, I added the
rough calculations which make me think the optimal number is close to 2;
but instead of pushing to the limit, I just bumped it to 3 to reduce the
risk that there are special cases where this optimization can result in
slowing down the code a little. If the ratio of path counts is below 3,
we probably will only see minor performance improvements at best
anyway.)
Also, note that while the diffstat looks kind of long (nearly 100
lines), more than half of it is in two comments explaining how things
work.
For the testcases mentioned in commit 557ac0350d ("merge-ort: begin
performance work; instrument with trace2_region_* calls", 2020-10-28),
this change improves the performance as follows:
Before After
no-renames: 205.1 ms ± 3.8 ms 204.2 ms ± 3.0 ms
mega-renames: 1.564 s ± 0.010 s 1.076 s ± 0.015 s
just-one-mega: 479.5 ms ± 3.9 ms 364.1 ms ± 7.0 ms
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This combines the work of the last several patches, and implements the
conditions when we don't need to recurse into directories. It's perhaps
easiest to see the logic by separating the fact that a directory might
have both rename sources and rename destinations:
* rename sources: only files present in the merge base can serve as
rename sources, and only when one side deletes that file. When the
tree on one side matches the merge base, that means every file
within the subtree matches the merge base. This means that the
skip-irrelevant-rename-detection optimization from before kicks in
and we don't need any of these files as rename sources.
* rename destinations: the tree that does not match the merge base
might have newly added and hence unmatched destination files.
This is what usually prevents us from doing trivial directory
resolutions in the merge machinery. However, the fact that we have
deferred recursing into this directory until the end means we know
whether there are any unmatched relevant potential rename sources
elsewhere in this merge. If there are no unmatched such relevant
sources anywhere, then there is no need to look for unmatched
potential rename destinations to match them with.
This informs our algorithm:
* Search through relevant_sources; if we have entries, they better all
be reflected in cached_pairs or cached_irrelevant, otherwise they
represent an unmatched potential rename source (causing the
optimization to be disallowed).
* For any relevant_source represented in cached_pairs, we do need to
to make sure to get the destination for each source, meaning we need
to recurse into any ancestor directories of those destinations.
* Once we've recursed into all the rename destinations for any
relevant_sources in cached_pairs, we can then do the trivial
directory resolution for the remaining directories.
For the testcases mentioned in commit 557ac0350d ("merge-ort: begin
performance work; instrument with trace2_region_* calls", 2020-10-28),
this change improves the performance as follows:
Before After
no-renames: 5.235 s ± 0.042 s 205.1 ms ± 3.8 ms
mega-renames: 9.419 s ± 0.107 s 1.564 s ± 0.010 s
just-one-mega: 480.1 ms ± 3.9 ms 479.5 ms ± 3.9 ms
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When one side of history matches the merge base (including when the
merge base has no entry for the given directory), have
collect_merge_info_callback() defer recursing into the directory. To
ensure those entries are eventually handled, add a call to
handled_deferred_entries() in collect_merge_info() after
traverse_trees() returns.
Note that the condition in collect_merge_info_callback() may look more
complicated than necessary at first glance;
renames->trivial_merges_okay[side] is always true until
handle_deferred_entries() is called, and possible_trivial_merges[side]
is always empty right now (and in the future won't be filled until
handle_deferred_entries() is called). However, when
handle_deferred_entries() calls traverse_trees() for the relevant
deferred directories, those traverse_trees() calls will once again end
up in collect_merge_info_callback() for all the entries under those
subdirectories. The extra conditions are there for such deferred cases
and will be used more as we do more with those variables.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
In order to allow trivial directory resolution, we first need to be able
to gather more information to determine if the optimization is safe. To
enable that, we need a way of deferring the recursion into the directory
until a later time. Naturally, deferring the entry into a subtree means
that we need some function that will later recurse into the subdirectory
exactly the same way that collect_merge_info_callback() would have done.
Add a helper function that does this. For now this function is not used
but a subsequent commit will change that. Future commits will also make
the function sometimes resolve directories instead of traversing inside.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
As noted a few commits ago, we can resolve individual files early if all
three sides of the merge have a file at the path and two of the three
sides match. We would really like to do the same thing with
directories, because being able to do a trivial directory resolve means
we don't have to recurse into the directory, potentially saving us a
huge amount of time in both collect_merge_info() and process_entries().
Unfortunately, resolving directories early would mean missing any
renames whose source or destination is underneath that directory.
If we somehow knew there weren't any renames under the directory in
question, then we could resolve it early. Sadly, it is impossible to
determine whether there are renames under the directory in question
without recursing into it, and this has traditionally kept us from ever
implementing such an optimization.
In commit f89b4f2bee ("merge-ort: skip rename detection entirely if
possible", 2021-03-11), we added an additional reason that rename
detection could be skipped entirely -- namely, if no *relevant* sources
were present. Without completing collect_merge_info_callback(), we do
not yet know if there are no relevant sources. However, we do know that
if the current directory on one side matches the merge base, then every
source file within that directory will not be RELEVANT_CONTENT, and a
few simple checks can often let us rule out RELEVANT_LOCATION as well.
This suggests we can just defer recursing into such directories until
the end of collect_merge_info.
Since the deferred directories are known to not add any relevant sources
due to the above properties, then if there are no relevant sources after
we've traversed all paths other than the deferred ones, then we know
there are not any relevant sources. Under those conditions, rename
detection is unnecessary, and that means we can resolve the deferred
directories without recursing into them.
Note that the logic for skipping rename detection was also modified
further in commit 76e253793c ("merge-ort, diffcore-rename: employ cached
renames when possible", 2021-01-30); in particular rename detection can
be skipped if we already have cached renames for each relevant source.
We can take advantage of this information as well with our deferral of
recursing into directories where one side matches the merge base.
Add some data structures that we will use to do these deferrals, with
some lengthy comments explaining their purpose.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The previous patch possibly raises some questions about whether
additional cases in collect_merge_info_callback() can be handled early.
Add some explanations in the form of comments to help explain these
better. While we're at it, add a few comments to denote what a few
boolean '0' or '1' values stand for.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When there are no directories involved at a given path, and all three
sides have a file at that path, and two of the three sides of history
match, we can immediately resolve the merge of that path in
collect_merge_info() and do not need to wait until process_entries().
This is actually a very minor improvement: half the time when I run it,
I see an improvement; the other half a slowdown. It seems to be in the
range of noise. However, this idea serves as the beginning of some
bigger optimizations coming in the following patches.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Code cleanup around struct_type_init() functions.
* ab/struct-init:
string-list.h users: change to use *_{nodup,dup}()
string-list.[ch]: add a string_list_init_{nodup,dup}()
dir.[ch]: replace dir_init() with DIR_INIT
*.c *_init(): define in terms of corresponding *_INIT macro
*.h: move some *_INIT to designated initializers
The merge code had funny interactions between content based rename
detection and directory rename detection.
* en/merge-dir-rename-corner-case-fix:
merge-recursive: handle rename-to-self case
merge-ort: ensure we consult df_conflict and path_conflicts
t6423: test directory renames causing rename-to-self
Performance tweaks of "git merge -sort" around lazy fetching of objects.
* en/ort-perf-batch-13:
merge-ort: add prefetching for content merges
diffcore-rename: use a different prefetch for basename comparisons
diffcore-rename: allow different missing_object_cb functions
t6421: add tests checking for excessive object downloads during merge
promisor-remote: output trace2 statistics for number of objects fetched
More fix-ups and optimization to "merge -sort".
* en/ort-perf-batch-12:
merge-ort: miscellaneous touch-ups
Fix various issues found in comments
diffcore-rename: avoid unnecessary strdup'ing in break_idx
merge-ort: replace string_list_df_name_compare with faster alternative
These were last bumped in commit 92c57e5c1d (bump rename limit
defaults (again), 2011-02-19), and were bumped both because processors
had gotten faster, and because people were getting ugly merges that
caused problems and reporting it to the mailing list (suggesting that
folks were willing to spend more time waiting).
Since that time:
* Linus has continued recommending kernel folks to set
diff.renameLimit=0 (maps to 32767, currently)
* Folks with repositories with lots of renames were happy to set
merge.renameLimit above 32767, once the code supported that, to
get correct cherry-picks
* Processors have gotten faster
* It has been discovered that the timing methodology used last time
probably used too large example files.
The last point is probably worth explaining a bit more:
* The "average" file size used appears to have been average blob size
in the linux kernel history at the time (probably v2.6.25 or
something close to it).
* Since bigger files are modified more frequently, such a computation
weights towards larger files.
* Larger files may be more likely to be modified over time, but are
not more likely to be renamed -- the mean and median blob size
within a tree are a bit higher than the mean and median of blob
sizes in the history leading up to that version for the linux
kernel.
* The mean blob size in v2.6.25 was half the average blob size in
history leading to that point
* The median blob size in v2.6.25 was about 40% of the mean blob size
in v2.6.25.
* Since the mean blob size is more than double the median blob size,
any file as big as the mean will not be compared to any files of
median size or less (because they'd be more than 50% dissimilar).
* Since it is the number of files compared that provides the O(n^2)
behavior, median-sized files should matter more than mean-sized
ones.
The combined effect of the above is that the file size used in past
calculations was likely about 5x too large. Combine that with a CPU
performance improvement of ~30%, and we can increase the limits by
a factor of sqrt(5/(1-.3)) = 2.67, while keeping the original stated
time limits.
Keeping the same approximate time limit probably makes sense for
diff.renameLimit (there is no progress feedback in e.g. git log -p),
but the experience above suggests merge.renameLimit could be extended
significantly. In fact, it probably would make sense to have an
unlimited default setting for merge.renameLimit, but that would
likely need to be coupled with changes to how progress is displayed.
(See https://lore.kernel.org/git/YOx+Ok%2FEYvLqRMzJ@coredump.intra.peff.net/
for details in that area.) For now, let's just bump the approximate
time limit from 10s to 1m.
(Note: We do not want to use actual time limits, because getting results
that depend on how loaded your system is that day feels bad, and because
we don't discover that we won't get all the renames until after we've
put in a lot of work rather than just upfront telling the user there are
too many files involved.)
Using the original time limit of 2s for diff.renameLimit, and bumping
merge.renameLimit from 10s to 60s, I found the following timings using
the simple script at the end of this commit message (on an AWS c5.xlarge
which reports as "Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz"):
N Timing
1300 1.995s
7100 59.973s
So let's round down to nice even numbers and bump the limits from
400->1000, and from 1000->7000.
Here is the measure_rename_perf script (adapted from
https://lore.kernel.org/git/20080211113516.GB6344@coredump.intra.peff.net/
in particular to avoid triggering the linear handling from
basename-guided rename detection):
#!/bin/bash
n=$1; shift
rm -rf repo
mkdir repo && cd repo
git init -q -b main
mkdata() {
mkdir $1
for i in `seq 1 $2`; do
(sed "s/^/$i /" <../sample
echo tag: $1
) >$1/$i
done
}
mkdata initial $n
git add .
git commit -q -m initial
mkdata new $n
git add .
cd new
for i in *; do git mv $i $i.renamed; done
cd ..
git rm -q -rf initial
git commit -q -m new
time git diff-tree -M -l0 --summary HEAD^ HEAD
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Add missing __attribute__((format)) function attributes to various
"static" functions that take printf arguments.
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Change all in-tree users of the string_list_init(LIST, BOOL) API to
use string_list_init_{nodup,dup}(LIST) instead.
As noted in the preceding commit let's leave the now-unused
string_list_init() wrapper in-place for any in-flight users, it can be
removed at some later date.
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Path conflicts (typically rename path conflicts, e.g.
rename/rename(1to2) or rename/add/delete), and directory/file conflicts
should obviously result in files not being marked as clean in the merge.
We had a codepath where we missed consulting the path_conflict and
df_conflict flags, based on match_mask. Granted, it requires an unusual
setup to trigger this codepath (directory rename causing rename-to-self
is the only case I can think of), but we still need to handle it. To
make it clear that we have audited the other codepaths that do not
explicitly mention these flags, add some assertions that the flags are
not set.
Reported-by: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Commit 7fbbcb21b1 ("diff: batch fetching of missing blobs", 2019-04-05)
introduced batching of fetching missing blobs, so that the diff
machinery would have one fetch subprocess grab N blobs instead of N
processes each grabbing 1.
However, the diff machinery is not the only thing in a merge that needs
to work on blobs. The 3-way content merges need them as well. Rather
than download all the blobs 1 at a time, prefetch all the blobs needed
for regular content merges.
This does not cover all possible paths in merge-ort that might need to
download blobs. Others include:
- The blob_unchanged() calls to avoid modify/delete conflicts (when
blob renormalization results in an "unchanged" file)
- Preliminary content merges needed for rename/add and
rename/rename(2to1) style conflicts. (Both of these types of
conflicts can result in nested conflict markers from the need to do
two levels of content merging; the first happens before our new
prefetch_for_content_merges() function.)
The first of these wouldn't be an extreme amount of work to support, and
even the second could be theoretically supported in batching, but all of
these cases seem unusual to me, and this is a minor performance
optimization anyway; in the worst case we only get some of the fetches
batched and have a few additional one-off fetches. So for now, just
handle the regular 3-way content merges in our prefetching.
For the testcase from the previous commit, the number of downloaded
objects remains at 63, but this drops the number of fetches needed from
32 down to 20, a sizeable reduction.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Optimize out repeated rename detection in a sequence of mergy
operations.
* en/ort-perf-batch-11:
merge-ort, diffcore-rename: employ cached renames when possible
merge-ort: handle interactions of caching and rename/rename(1to1) cases
merge-ort: add helper functions for using cached renames
merge-ort: preserve cached renames for the appropriate side
merge-ort: avoid accidental API mis-use
merge-ort: add code to check for whether cached renames can be reused
merge-ort: populate caches of rename detection results
merge-ort: add data structures for in-memory caching of rename detection
t6429: testcases for remembering renames
fast-rebase: write conflict state to working tree, index, and HEAD
fast-rebase: change assert() to BUG()
Documentation/technical: describe remembering renames optimization
t6423: rename file within directory that other side renamed
Add some notes in the code about invariants with match_mask when adding
pairs. Also add a comment that seems to have been left out in my work
of pushing these changes upstream.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
A random hodge-podge of incorrect or out-of-date comments that I found:
* t6423 had a comment that has referred to the wrong test for years;
fix it to refer to the right one.
* diffcore-rename had a FIXME comment meant to remind myself to
investigate if I could make another code change. I later
investigated and removed the FIXME, but while cherry-picking the
patch to submit upstream I missed the later update. Remove the
comment now.
* merge-ort had the early part of a comment for a function; I had
meant to include the more involved description when I updated the
function. Update the comment now.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Gathering accumulated times from trace2 output on the mega-renames
testcase, I saw the following timings (where I'm only showing a few
lines to highlight the portions of interest):
10.120 : label:incore_nonrecursive
4.462 : ..label:process_entries
3.143 : ....label:process_entries setup
2.988 : ......label:plist special sort
1.305 : ....label:processing
2.604 : ..label:collect_merge_info
2.018 : ..label:merge_start
1.018 : ..label:renames
In the above output, note that the 4.462 seconds for process_entries was
split as 3.143 seconds for "process_entries setup" and 1.305 seconds for
"processing" (and a little time for other stuff removed from the
highlight). Most of the "process_entries setup" time was spent on
"plist special sort" which corresponds to the following code:
trace2_region_enter("merge", "plist special sort", opt->repo);
plist.cmp = string_list_df_name_compare;
string_list_sort(&plist);
trace2_region_leave("merge", "plist special sort", opt->repo);
In other words, in a merge strategy that would be invoked by passing
"-sort" to either rebase or merge, sorting an array takes more time than
anything else. Serves me right for naming my merge strategy this way.
Rewrite the comparison function in a way that does not require finding
out the lengths of the strings when comparing them. While at it, tweak
the code for our specific case -- no need to handle a variety of modes,
for example. The combination of these changes reduced the time spent in
"plist special sort" by ~25% in the mega-renames case.
For the testcases mentioned in commit 557ac0350d ("merge-ort: begin
performance work; instrument with trace2_region_* calls", 2020-10-28),
this change improves the performance as follows:
Before After
no-renames: 5.622 s ± 0.059 s 5.235 s ± 0.042 s
mega-renames: 10.127 s ± 0.073 s 9.419 s ± 0.107 s
just-one-mega: 500.3 ms ± 3.8 ms 480.1 ms ± 3.9 ms
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When there are many renames between the old base of a series of commits
and the new base, the way sequencer.c, merge-recursive.c, and
diffcore-rename.c have traditionally split the work resulted in
redetecting the same renames with each and every commit being
transplanted. To address this, the last several commits have been
creating a cache of rename detection results, determining when it was
safe to use such a cache in subsequent merge operations, adding helper
functions, and so on. See the previous half dozen commit messages for
additional discussion of this optimization, particularly the message a
few commits ago entitled "add code to check for whether cached renames
can be reused". This commit finally ties all of that work together,
modifying the merge algorithm to make use of these cached renames.
For the testcases mentioned in commit 557ac0350d ("merge-ort: begin
performance work; instrument with trace2_region_* calls", 2020-10-28),
this change improves the performance as follows:
Before After
no-renames: 5.665 s ± 0.129 s 5.622 s ± 0.059 s
mega-renames: 11.435 s ± 0.158 s 10.127 s ± 0.073 s
just-one-mega: 494.2 ms ± 6.1 ms 500.3 ms ± 3.8 ms
That's a fairly small improvement, but mostly because the previous
optimizations were so effective for these particular testcases; this
optimization only kicks in when the others don't. If we undid the
basename-guided rename detection and skip-irrelevant-renames
optimizations, then we'd see that this series by itself improved
performance as follows:
Before Basename Series After Just This Series
no-renames: 13.815 s ± 0.062 s 5.697 s ± 0.080 s
mega-renames: 1799.937 s ± 0.493 s 205.709 s ± 0.457 s
Since this optimization kicks in to help accelerate cases where the
previous optimizations do not apply, this last comparison shows that
this cached-renames optimization has the potential to help signficantly
in cases that don't meet the requirements for the other optimizations to
be effective.
The changes made in this optimization also lay some important groundwork
for a future optimization around having collect_merge_info() avoid
recursing into subtrees in more cases.
However, for this optimization to be effective, merge_switch_to_result()
should only be called when the rebase or cherry-pick operation has
either completed or hit a case where the user needs to resolve a
conflict or edit the result. If it is called after every commit, as
sequencer.c does, then the working tree and index are needlessly updated
with every commit and the cached metadata is tossed, defeating this
optimization. Refactoring sequencer.c to only call
merge_switch_to_result() at the end of the operation is a bigger
undertaking, and the practical benefits of this optimization will not be
realized until that work is performed. Since `test-tool fast-rebase`
only updates at the end of the operation, it was used to obtain the
timings above.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
As documented in Documentation/technical/remembering-renames.txt, and as
tested for in the two testcases in t6429 with "rename same file
identically" in their description, there is one case where we need to
have renames in one commit NOT be cached for the next commit in our
rebase sequence -- namely, rename/rename(1to1) cases. Rather than
specifically trying to uncache those and fix up dir_rename_counts() to
match (which would also be valid but more work), we simply disable the
optimization when this really rare type of rename occurs.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If we have a usable rename cache, then we can remove from
relevant_sources all the paths that were cached;
diffcore_rename_extended() can then consider an even smaller set of
relevant_sources in its rename detection.
However, when diffcore_rename_extended() is done, we will need to take
the renames it detected and then add back in all the ones we had cached
from before.
Add helper functions for doing these two operations; the next commit
will make use of them.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Previous commits created an in-memory cache of the results of rename
detection, and added logic to detect when that cache could appropriately
be used in a subsequent merge operation -- but we were still
unconditionally clearing the cache with each new merge operation anyway.
If it is valid to reuse the cache from one of the two sides of history,
preserve that side.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Previously, callers of the merge-ort API could have passed an
uninitialized value for struct merge_result *result. However, we want
to check result to see if it has cached renames from a previous merge
that we can reuse; such values would be found behind result->priv.
However, if result->priv is uninitialized, attempting to access behind
it will give a segfault. So, we need result->priv to be NULL (which
will be the case if the caller does a memset(&result, 0)), or be written
by a previous call to the merge-ort machinery. Documenting this
requirement may help, but despite being the person who introduced this
requirement, I still missed it once and it did not fail in a very clear
way and led to a long debugging session.
Add a _properly_initialized field to merge_result; that value will be
0 if the caller zero'ed the merge_result, it will be set to a very
specific value by a previous run by the merge-ort machinery, and if it's
uninitialized it will most likely either be 0 or some value that does
not match the specific one we'd expect allowing us to throw a much more
meaningful error.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We need to know when renames detected in a previous merge operation can
be reused in a later merge operation. Consider the following setup
(from the git-rebase manpage):
A---B---C topic
/
D---E---F---G master
After rebasing, this will appear as:
A'--B'--C' topic
/
D---E---F---G master
Further, let's say that 'oldfile' was renamed to 'newfile' between E
and G. The rebase or cherry-pick of A onto G will involve a three-way
merge between E (as the merge base) and G and A. After detecting the
rename between E:oldfile and G:newfile, there will be a three-way
content merge of the following:
E:oldfile
G:newfile
A:oldfile
and produce a new result:
A':newfile
Now, when we want to pick B onto A', we will need to do a three-way
merge between A (as the merge-base) and A' and B. This will involve
a three-way content merge of
A:oldfile
A':newfile
B:oldfile
but only if we can detect that A:oldfile is similar enough to A':newfile
to be used together in a three-way content merge, i.e. only if we can
detect that A:oldfile and A':newfile are a rename. But we already know
that A:oldfile and A':newfile are similar enough to be used in a
three-way content merge, because that is precisely where A':newfile came
from in the previous merge.
Note that A & A' both appear in both merges. That gives us the
condition under which we can reuse renames.
There are a couple important points about this optimization:
- If the rebase or cherry-pick halts for user conflicts, these caches
are NOT saved anywhere. Thus, resuming a halted rebase or
cherry-pick will result in no reused renames for the next commit.
This is intentional, as user resolution can change files
significantly and in ways that violate the similarity assumptions
here.
- Technically, in a *very* narrow case this might give slightly
different results for rename detection. Using the example above,
if:
* E:oldfile had 20 lines
* G:newfile added 10 new lines at the beginning of the file
* A:oldfile deleted all but the first three lines of the file
then
=> A':newfile would have 13 lines, 3 of which matches those
in A:oldfile.
Consider the two cases:
* Without this optimization:
- the next step of the rebase operation (moving B to B')
would not detect the rename betwen A:oldfile and A':newfile
- we'd thus get a modify/delete conflict with the rebase
operation halting for the user to resolve, and have both
A':newfile and B:oldfile sitting in the working tree.
* With this optimization:
- the rename between A:oldfile and A':newfile would be detected
via the cache of renames
- a three-way merge between A:oldfile, A':newfile, and B:oldfile
would commence and be written to A':newfile
Now, is the difference in behavior a bug...or a bugfix? I can't
tell. Given that A:oldfile and A':newfile are not very similar,
when we three-way merge with B:oldfile it seems likely we'll hit a
conflict for the user to resolve. And it shouldn't be too hard for
users to see why we did that three-way merge; oldfile and newfile
*were* renames somewhere in the sequence. So, most of these corner
cases will still behave similarly -- namely, a conflict given to the
user to resolve. Also, consider the interesting case when commit B
is a clean revert of commit A. Without this optimization, a rebase
could not both apply a weird patch like A and then immediately
revert it; users would be forced to resolve merge conflicts. With
this optimization, it would successfully apply the clean revert.
So, there is certainly at least one case that behaves better. Even
if it's considered a "difference in behavior", I think both behaviors
are reasonable, and the time savings provided by this optimization
justify using the slightly altered rename heuristics.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Fill in cache_pairs, cached_target_names, and cached_irrelevant based on
rename detection results. Future commits will make use of these values.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When there are many renames between the old base of a series of commits
and the new base for a series of commits, the sequence of merges
employed to transplant those commits (from a cherry-pick or rebase
operation) will repeatedly detect the exact same renames. This is
wasted effort.
Add data structures which will be used to cache rename detection
results, along with the initialization and deallocation of these data
structures. Future commits will populate these caches, detect the
appropriate circumstances when they can be used, and employ them to
avoid re-detecting the same renames repeatedly.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The word "renamed" has two possible translations in many European
languages depending on whether one thing was renamed or two things were
renamed. Give translators freedom to alter any part of the message to
make it sound right in their language.
Signed-off-by: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
SHA-256 transition.
* bc/hash-transition-interop-part-1:
hex: print objects using the hash algorithm member
hex: default to the_hash_algo on zero algorithm value
builtin/pack-objects: avoid using struct object_id for pack hash
commit-graph: don't store file hashes as struct object_id
builtin/show-index: set the algorithm for object IDs
hash: provide per-algorithm null OIDs
hash: set, copy, and use algo field in struct object_id
builtin/pack-redundant: avoid casting buffers to struct object_id
Use the final_oid_fn to finalize hashing of object IDs
hash: add a function to finalize object IDs
http-push: set algorithm when reading object ID
Always use oidread to read into struct object_id
hash: add an algo member to struct object_id
Builds on top of the sparse-index infrastructure to mark operations
that are not ready to mark with the sparse index, causing them to
fall back on fully-populated index that they always have worked with.
* ds/sparse-index-protections: (47 commits)
name-hash: use expand_to_path()
sparse-index: expand_to_path()
name-hash: don't add directories to name_hash
revision: ensure full index
resolve-undo: ensure full index
read-cache: ensure full index
pathspec: ensure full index
merge-recursive: ensure full index
entry: ensure full index
dir: ensure full index
update-index: ensure full index
stash: ensure full index
rm: ensure full index
merge-index: ensure full index
ls-files: ensure full index
grep: ensure full index
fsck: ensure full index
difftool: ensure full index
commit: ensure full index
checkout: ensure full index
...
Up until recently, object IDs did not have an algorithm member, only a
hash. Consequently, it was possible to share one null (all-zeros)
object ID among all hash algorithms. Now that we're going to be
handling objects from multiple hash algorithms, it's important to make
sure that all object IDs have a correct algorithm field.
Introduce a per-algorithm null OID, and add it to struct hash_algo.
Introduce a wrapper function as well, and use it everywhere we used to
use the null_oid constant.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Plug the ort merge backend throughout the rest of the system, and
start testing it as a replacement for the recursive backend.
* en/ort-readiness:
Add testing with merge-ort merge strategy
t6423: mark remaining expected failure under merge-ort as such
Revert "merge-ort: ignore the directory rename split conflict for now"
merge-recursive: add a bunch of FIXME comments documenting known bugs
merge-ort: write $GIT_DIR/AUTO_MERGE whenever we hit a conflict
t: mark several submodule merging tests as fixed under merge-ort
merge-ort: implement CE_SKIP_WORKTREE handling with conflicted entries
t6428: new test for SKIP_WORKTREE handling and conflicts
merge-ort: support subtree shifting
merge-ort: let renormalization change modify/delete into clean delete
merge-ort: have ll_merge() use a special attr_index for renormalization
merge-ort: add a special minimal index just for renormalization
merge-ort: use STABLE_QSORT instead of QSORT where required
Various rename detection optimization to help "ort" merge strategy
backend.
* en/ort-perf-batch-10:
diffcore-rename: determine which relevant_sources are no longer relevant
merge-ort: record the reason that we want a rename for a file
diffcore-rename: add computation of number of unknown renames
diffcore-rename: check if we have enough renames for directories early on
diffcore-rename: only compute dir_rename_count for relevant directories
merge-ort: record the reason that we want a rename for a directory
merge-ort, diffcore-rename: tweak dirs_removed and relevant_source type
diffcore-rename: take advantage of "majority rules" to skip more renames
versions could be an empty string_list. In that case, versions->items is
NULL, and we shouldn't be trying to perform pointer arithmetic with it (as
that results in undefined behaviour).
Moreover we only use the results of this calculation once when calling
QSORT. Therefore we choose to skip creating relevant_entries and call
QSORT directly with our manipulated pointers (but only if there's data
requiring sorting). This lets us avoid abusing the string_list API,
and saves us from having to explain why this abuse is OK.
Finally, an assertion is added to make sure that write_tree() is called
with a valid offset.
This issue has probably existed since:
ee4012dcf9 (merge-ort: step 2 of tree writing -- function to create tree object, 2020-12-13)
But it only started occurring during tests since tests started using
merge-ort:
f3b964a07e (Add testing with merge-ort merge strategy, 2021-03-20)
For reference - here's the original UBSAN commit that implemented this
check, it sounds like this behaviour isn't actually likely to cause any
issues (but we might as well fix it regardless):
https://reviews.llvm.org/D67122
UBSAN output from t3404 or t5601:
merge-ort.c:2669:43: runtime error: applying zero offset to null pointer
#0 0x78bb53 in write_tree merge-ort.c:2669:43
#1 0x7856c9 in process_entries merge-ort.c:3303:2
#2 0x782317 in merge_ort_nonrecursive_internal merge-ort.c:3744:2
#3 0x77feef in merge_incore_nonrecursive merge-ort.c:3853:2
#4 0x6f6a5c in do_recursive_merge sequencer.c:640:3
#5 0x6f6a5c in do_pick_commit sequencer.c:2221:9
#6 0x6ef055 in single_pick sequencer.c:4814:9
#7 0x6ef055 in sequencer_pick_revisions sequencer.c:4867:10
#8 0x4fb392 in run_sequencer revert.c:225:9
#9 0x4fa5b0 in cmd_revert revert.c:235:8
#10 0x42abd7 in run_builtin git.c:453:11
#11 0x429531 in handle_builtin git.c:704:3
#12 0x4282fb in run_argv git.c:771:4
#13 0x4282fb in cmd_main git.c:902:19
#14 0x524b63 in main common-main.c:52:11
#15 0x7fc2ca340349 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x24349)
#16 0x4072b9 in _start start.S:120
SUMMARY: UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer: undefined-behavior merge-ort.c:2669:43 in
Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hunt <ajrhunt@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The ort merge backend has been optimized by skipping irrelevant
renames.
* en/ort-perf-batch-9:
diffcore-rename: avoid doing basename comparisons for irrelevant sources
merge-ort: skip rename detection entirely if possible
merge-ort: use relevant_sources to filter possible rename sources
merge-ort: precompute whether directory rename detection is needed
merge-ort: introduce wrappers for alternate tree traversal
merge-ort: add data structures for an alternate tree traversal
merge-ort: precompute subset of sources for which we need rename detection
diffcore-rename: enable filtering possible rename sources
Rename detection rework continues.
* en/ort-perf-batch-8:
diffcore-rename: compute dir_rename_guess from dir_rename_counts
diffcore-rename: limit dir_rename_counts computation to relevant dirs
diffcore-rename: compute dir_rename_counts in stages
diffcore-rename: extend cleanup_dir_rename_info()
diffcore-rename: move dir_rename_counts into dir_rename_info struct
diffcore-rename: add function for clearing dir_rename_count
Move computation of dir_rename_count from merge-ort to diffcore-rename
diffcore-rename: add a mapping of destination names to their indices
diffcore-rename: provide basic implementation of idx_possible_rename()
diffcore-rename: use directory rename guided basename comparisons
This reverts commit 5ced7c3da0, which was
put in place as a temporary measure to avoid optimizations unstably
erroring out on no destination having a majority of the necessary
renames for directories that had no new files and thus no need for
directory rename detection anyway. Now that optimizations are in place
to prevent us from trying to compute directory rename count computations
for directories that do not need it, we can undo this temporary measure.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There are a variety of questions users might ask while resolving
conflicts:
* What changes have been made since the previous (first) parent?
* What changes are staged?
* What is still unstaged? (or what is still conflicted?)
* What changes did I make to resolve conflicts so far?
The first three of these have simple answers:
* git diff HEAD
* git diff --cached
* git diff
There was no way to answer the final question previously. Adding one
is trivial in merge-ort, since it works by creating a tree representing
what should be written to the working copy complete with conflict
markers. Simply write that tree to .git/AUTO_MERGE, allowing users to
answer the fourth question with
* git diff AUTO_MERGE
I avoided using a name like "MERGE_AUTO", because that would be
merge-specific (much like MERGE_HEAD, REBASE_HEAD, REVERT_HEAD,
CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) and I wanted a name that didn't change depending on
which type of operation the merge was part of.
Ensure that paths which clean out other temporary operation-specific
files (e.g. CHERRY_PICK_HEAD, MERGE_MSG, rebase-merge/ state directory)
also clean out this AUTO_MERGE file.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When merge conflicts occur in paths removed by a sparse-checkout, we
need to unsparsify those paths (clear the SKIP_WORKTREE bit), and write
out the conflicted file to the working copy. In the very unlikely case
that someone manually put a file into the working copy at the location
of the SKIP_WORKTREE file, we need to avoid overwriting whatever edits
they have made and move that file to a different location first.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
merge-recursive has some simple code to support subtree shifting; copy
it over to merge-ort. This fixes t6409.12 under
GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM=ort.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When we have a modify/delete conflict, but the only change to the
modification is e.g. change of line endings, then if renormalization is
requested then we should be able to recognize such a case as a
not-modified/delete and resolve the conflict automatically.
This fixes t6418.10 under GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM=ort.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
ll_merge() needs an index when renormalization is requested. Create one
specifically for just this purpose with just the one needed entry. This
fixes t6418.4 and t6418.5 under GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM=ort.
NOTE 1: Even if the user has a working copy or a real index (which is
not a given as merge-ort can be used in bare repositories), we
explicitly ignore any .gitattributes file from either of these
locations. merge-ort can be used to merge two branches that are
unrelated to HEAD, so .gitattributes from the working copy and current
index should not be considered relevant.
NOTE 2: Since we are in the middle of merging, there is a risk that
.gitattributes itself is conflicted...leaving us with an ill-defined
situation about how to perform the rest of the merge. It could be that
the .gitattributes file does not even exist on one of the sides of the
merge, or that it has been modified on both sides. If it's been
modified on both sides, it's possible that it could itself be merged
cleanly, though it's also possible that it only merges cleanly if you
use the right version of the .gitattributes file to drive the merge. It
gets kind of complicated. The only test we ever had that attempted to
test behavior in this area was seemingly unaware of the undefined
behavior, but knew the test wouldn't work for lack of attribute handling
support, marked it as test_expect_failure from the beginning, but
managed to fail for several reasons unrelated to attribute handling.
See commit 6f6e7cfb52 ("t6038: remove problematic test", 2020-08-03) for
details. So there are probably various ways to improve what
initialize_attr_index() picks in the case of a conflicted .gitattributes
but for now I just implemented something simple -- look for whatever
.gitattributes file we can find in any of the higher order stages and
use it.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
renormalize_buffer() requires an index_state, which is something that
merge-ort does not operate with. However, all the renormalization code
needs is an index with a .gitattributes file...plus a little bit of
setup. Create such an index, along with the deallocation and
attr_direction handling.
A subsequent commit will add a function to finish the initialization
of this index.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
