abi.xml: Update URLs for C++ ABI.

* doc/xml/manual/abi.xml: Update URLs for C++ ABI.
	* doc/xml/manual/policy_data_structures_biblio.xml: Add xmlns
	attribute.
	* doc/xml/manual/debug_mode.xml: Give filenames to chunks.
	* doc/xml/manual/diagnostics.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/extensions.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/bitmap_allocator.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/mt_allocator.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/policy_data_structures.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/parallel_mode.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/profile_mode.xml: Likewise.
	* doc/xml/manual/spine.xml: Likewise. Update copyright years.
	* doc/html/*: Regenerate.

From-SVN: r194576
This commit is contained in:
Jonathan Wakely 2012-12-18 11:08:33 +00:00 committed by Jonathan Wakely
parent 76bd29f63c
commit 898be2f38d
124 changed files with 669 additions and 600 deletions

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@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
2012-12-18 Jonathan Wakely <jwakely.gcc@gmail.com>
* doc/xml/manual/abi.xml: Update URLs for C++ ABI.
* doc/xml/manual/policy_data_structures_biblio.xml: Add xmlns
attribute.
* doc/xml/manual/debug_mode.xml: Give filenames to chunks.
* doc/xml/manual/diagnostics.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/extensions.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/bitmap_allocator.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/mt_allocator.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/policy_data_structures.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/parallel_mode.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/profile_mode.xml: Likewise.
* doc/xml/manual/spine.xml: Likewise. Update copyright years.
* doc/html/*: Regenerate.
2012-12-17 Jonathan Wakely <jwakely.gcc@gmail.com>
* include/std/future (__async_sfinae_helper): Remove.

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@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk02.html" title="" /><link rel="prev" href="bk02.html" title="" /><link rel="next" href="bk03.html" title="" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"></th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="article" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="api"></a>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</h2></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title></title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference" /><link rel="next" href="faq.html" title="Frequently Asked Questions" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"></th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library API Reference </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Frequently Asked Questions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title></title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference" /><link rel="next" href="faq.html" title="Frequently Asked Questions" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"></th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library API Reference </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Frequently Asked Questions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Frequently Asked Questions</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk03.html" title="" /><link rel="prev" href="bk03.html" title="" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Frequently Asked Questions</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"></th><td width="20%" align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="article" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="faq"></a>Frequently Asked Questions</h1></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
2008, 2010
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
</p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="qandaset" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><a id="idp413712"></a><dl><dt></dt><dd><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="faq.html#faq.what">
</p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="qandaset" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><a id="idp3756896"></a><dl><dt></dt><dd><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="faq.html#faq.what">
What is libstdc++?
</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="faq.html#faq.why">
Why should I use libstdc++?
@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
</p><p>
More information, including how to optionally enable/disable the
checks, is available in the
<a class="link" href="manual/bk01pt02ch05s02.html" title="Concept Checking">Diagnostics</a>.
<a class="link" href="manual/concept_checking.html" title="Concept Checking">Diagnostics</a>.
chapter of the manual.
</p></td></tr><tr class="question" title="6.6."><td align="left" valign="top"><a id="faq.dlopen_crash"></a><a id="q-dlopen_crash"></a><p><strong>6.6.</strong></p></td><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
Program crashes when using library code in a

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ABI Policy and Guidelines</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; ABI&#10; , &#10; version&#10; , &#10; dynamic&#10; , &#10; shared&#10; , &#10; compatibility&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="test.html" title="Test" /><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">ABI Policy and Guidelines</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ABI Policy and Guidelines</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, ABI, version, dynamic, shared, compatibility" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="test.html" title="Test" /><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">ABI Policy and Guidelines</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
Porting and Maintenance
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="ABI Policy and Guidelines"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.abi"></a>ABI Policy and Guidelines</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
virtual functions, etc. These details are defined as the compiler
Application Binary Interface, or ABI. The GNU C++ compiler uses an
industry-standard C++ ABI starting with version 3. Details can be
found in the <a class="link" href="http://www.codesourcery.com/public/cxx-abi/abi.html" target="_top">ABI
found in the <a class="link" href="http://mentorembedded.github.com/cxx-abi/abi.html" target="_top">ABI
specification</a>.
</p><p>
The GNU C++ compiler, g++, has a compiler command line option to
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class that would otherwise have implicit versions. This will change
the way the compiler deals with this class in by-value return
statements or parameters: instead of passing instances of this
class in registers, the compiler will be forced to use memory. See the
section on <a class="link" href="http://www.codesourcery.com/public/cxx-abi/abi.html#calls" target="_top">Function
section on <a class="link" href="http://mentorembedded.github.com/cxx-abi/abi.html#calls" target="_top">Function
Calling Conventions and APIs</a>
of the C++ ABI documentation for further details.
</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="abi.impl"></a>Implementation</h3></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>
@ -491,42 +491,42 @@ gcc test.c -g -O2 -L. -lone -ltwo /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.
ABIcheck
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="C++ ABI Summary"><a id="biblio.cxxabi"></a><p>[biblio.cxxabi] <span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.codesourcery.com/public/cxx-abi" target="_top">
<a class="link" href="http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/" target="_top">
C++ ABI Summary
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Intel Compilers for Linux Compatibility with the GNU Compilers"><a id="idp22863616"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Intel Compilers for Linux Compatibility with the GNU Compilers"><a id="idp23100256"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.intel.com/cd/software/products/asmo-na/eng/284736.htm" target="_top">
Intel Compilers for Linux Compatibility with the GNU Compilers
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Linker and Libraries Guide (document 819-0690)"><a id="idp22865472"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Linker and Libraries Guide (document 819-0690)"><a id="idp23102112"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E19963-01/html/819-0690/index.html" target="_top">
Linker and Libraries Guide (document 819-0690)
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Sun Studio 11: C++ Migration Guide (document 819-3689)"><a id="idp22867312"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Sun Studio 11: C++ Migration Guide (document 819-3689)"><a id="idp23103952"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E19422-01/819-3689/index.html" target="_top">
Sun Studio 11: C++ Migration Guide (document 819-3689)
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="How to Write Shared Libraries"><a id="idp22869168"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="How to Write Shared Libraries"><a id="idp23105808"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.akkadia.org/drepper/dsohowto.pdf" target="_top">
How to Write Shared Libraries
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="C++ ABI for the ARM Architecture"><a id="idp22872608"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="C++ ABI for the ARM Architecture"><a id="idp23109248"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/8033.pdf" target="_top">
C++ ABI for the ARM Architecture
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Dynamic Shared Objects: Survey and Issues"><a id="idp22874416"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Dynamic Shared Objects: Survey and Issues"><a id="idp23111056"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n1976.html" target="_top">
Dynamic Shared Objects: Survey and Issues
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
ISO C++ J16/06-0046
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Versioning With Namespaces"><a id="idp22877712"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Versioning With Namespaces"><a id="idp23114352"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n2013.html" target="_top">
Versioning With Namespaces
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
ISO C++ J16/06-0083
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Binary Compatibility of Shared Libraries Implemented in C++ on GNU/Linux Systems"><a id="idp22880992"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Binary Compatibility of Shared Libraries Implemented in C++ on GNU/Linux Systems"><a id="idp23117632"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://syrcose.ispras.ru/2009/files/SYRCoSE2009-CfP.pdf" target="_top">
Binary Compatibility of Shared Libraries Implemented in C++
on GNU/Linux Systems

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@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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Algorithms
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Standard Contents
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Algorithms
<a id="idp16144416" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp16340352" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
The neatest accomplishment of the algorithms section is that all the
work is done via iterators, not containers directly. This means two
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
fact use constant-time swaps.) This should not be surprising, since
for two containers of the same type to swap contents, only some
internal pointers to storage need to be exchanged.
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Iterators
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Porting and Maintenance
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@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ _Alloc_traits</code> have been removed.
<span class="type">__alloc</span> to select an underlying allocator that
satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this
underlying allocator was not user-configurable.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22948752"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.6. Extension Allocators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th align="left">Header (3.4)</th><th align="left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th align="left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template&lt;int&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template&lt;bool,int&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp23185392"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.6. Extension Allocators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th align="left">Header (3.4)</th><th align="left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th align="left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template&lt;int&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template&lt;bool,int&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection
of available allocators. All of these new allocators are
standard-style. The following table includes details, along with
the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22976384"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.7. Extension Allocators Continued</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator</th><th align="left">Include</th><th align="left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp23213024"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.7. Extension Allocators Continued</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator</th><th align="left">Include</th><th align="left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Debug mode first appears.
</p><p>
Precompiled header support <acronym class="acronym">PCH</acronym> support.

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Contributing
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</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices
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Contributing
<a id="idp21827136" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp22032016" class="indexterm"></a>
</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
The GNU C++ Library follows an open development model. Active
contributors are assigned maintainer-ship responsibility, and given
@ -111,6 +111,6 @@
mail message and send it to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org. All
patches and related discussion should be sent to the
libstdc++ mailing list.
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /><link rel="prev" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /><link rel="next" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix C. 
Free Software Needs Free Documentation
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices
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Free Software Needs Free Documentation
<a id="idp44192" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp23582032" class="indexterm"></a>
</h1></div></div></div><p>
The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the
software--it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in
@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ prefer copylefted manuals to non-copylefted ones.
that lists free books available from other publishers</a>].
</p><p>Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</p><p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are
permitted worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this
notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D. 
notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D. 
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Appendices
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.gfdl-1.3"></a>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
@ -444,6 +444,6 @@ being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix D. 
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<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /><link rel="prev" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation" /><link rel="next" href="appendix_gfdl.html" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix D. 
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
</p><p>
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
</p><h2><a id="idp23471168"></a>
</p><h2><a id="idp23622768"></a>
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a id="gpl-3-definitions"></a>
0. Definitions.
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in
return for a fee.
</p><h2><a id="idp23560272"></a>
</p><h2><a id="idp23721696"></a>
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a id="HowToApply"></a>
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ under certain conditions; type <code class="literal">show c</code> for det
proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do,
use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License instead of this
License. But first, please read <a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gfdl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix C. 
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gfdl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix C. 
Free Software Needs Free Documentation
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Atomics
<a id="idp16344592" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp16540720" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
Facilities for atomic operations.
</p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.atomics.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<code class="classname">atomic&lt;int&gt;</code>.
</p><p>
Full API details.
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Porting and Maintenance
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@ -941,15 +941,15 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_HEADER_UNORDERED_SET], [
This is a change in behavior from older versions. Now, most
<span class="type">iterator_type</span> typedefs in container classes are POD
objects, not <span class="type">value_type</span> pointers.
</p></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="backwards.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Migrating to GCC 4.1"><a id="idp23333776"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
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<a class="link" href="http://www.kegel.com/gcc/gcc4.html" target="_top">
Migrating to GCC 4.1
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="surname">Kegel</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Building the Whole Debian Archive with GCC 4.1: A Summary"><a id="idp23336560"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="surname">Kegel</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Building the Whole Debian Archive with GCC 4.1: A Summary"><a id="idp23573184"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-gcc/2006/03/msg00405.html" target="_top">
Building the Whole Debian Archive with GCC 4.1: A Summary
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Michlmayr</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Migration guide for GCC-3.2"><a id="idp23339408"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Michlmayr</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Migration guide for GCC-3.2"><a id="idp23576032"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://annwm.lbl.gov/~leggett/Atlas/gcc-3.2.html" target="_top">
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Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.allocator.bitmap"></a>Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.allocator.bitmap"></a>Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.bitmap.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
As this name suggests, this allocator uses a bit-map to keep track
of the used and unused memory locations for its book-keeping
@ -30,4 +30,4 @@
Mutex Protection around every allocation/deallocation. The state
of the macro is picked up automatically from the gthr abstraction
layer.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch20s05.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Multiple Thread Example </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Implementation</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Multiple Thread Example </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Implementation</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; allocator&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bitmap_allocator.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.bitmap.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Free List Store"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.free_list_store"></a>Free List Store</h3></div></div></div><p>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, allocator" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bitmap_allocator.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.bitmap.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Free List Store"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.free_list_store"></a>Free List Store</h3></div></div></div><p>
The Free List Store (referred to as FLS for the remaining part of this
document) is the Global memory pool that is shared by all instances of
the bitmapped allocator instantiated for any type. This maintains a
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ else return false.</p></li></ol></div><p>
</p><p>
Consider a block of size 64 ints. In memory, it would look like this:
(assume a 32-bit system where, size_t is a 32-bit entity).
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp17452816"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 21.1. Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Bitmap Allocator Memory Map" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /><col align="left" class="c5" /></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">268</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">4294967295</td><td align="left">4294967295</td><td align="left">Data -&gt; Space for 64 ints</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp17655056"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 21.1. Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Bitmap Allocator Memory Map" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /><col align="left" class="c5" /></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">268</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">4294967295</td><td align="left">4294967295</td><td align="left">Data -&gt; Space for 64 ints</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
The first Column(268) represents the size of the Block in bytes as
seen by the Bitmap Allocator. Internally, a global free list is
used to keep track of the free blocks used and given back by the

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i.e. user-defined functors must not throw exceptions.
Also, the order of execution is not guaranteed for some functions, of course.
Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects.
</p><p> Since the current GCC OpenMP implementation does not support
OpenMP parallel regions in concurrent threads,
it is not possible to call parallel STL algorithm in
concurrent threads, either.
It might work with other compilers, though.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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Both the normal conformance and regression tests and the
supplemental performance tests work.
</p><p>
To run the conformance and regression tests with the parallel mode
active,
</p><pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>make check-parallel</code></strong>
</pre><p>
The log and summary files for conformance testing are in the
<code class="filename">testsuite/parallel</code> directory.
</p><p>
To run the performance tests with the parallel mode active,
</p><pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>make check-performance-parallel</code></strong>
</pre><p>
The result file for performance testing are in the
<code class="filename">testsuite</code> directory, in the file
<code class="filename">libstdc++_performance.sum</code>. In addition, the
policy-based containers have their own visualizations, which have
additional software dependencies than the usual bare-boned text
file, and can be generated by using the <code class="code">make
doc-performance</code> rule in the testsuite's Makefile.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 19. Profile Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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Many large projects use their own data structures instead of the ones in the
standard library. If these data structures are similar in functionality
to the standard library, they can be instrumented with the same hooks
that are used to instrument the standard library.
The instrumentation API is exposed in file
<code class="code">profiler.h</code> (look for "Instrumentation hooks").
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Empirical Cost Model</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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Currently, the cost model uses formulas with predefined relative weights
for alternative containers or container implementations. For instance,
iterating through a vector is X times faster than iterating through a list.
</p><p>
(Under development.)
We are working on customizing this to a particular machine by providing
an automated way to compute the actual relative weights for operations
on the given machine.
</p><p>
(Under development.)
We plan to provide a performance parameter database format that can be
filled in either by hand or by an automated training mechanism.
The analysis module will then use this database instead of the built in.
generic parameters.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Extensions for Custom Containers </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Implementation Issues</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Use</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html" title="Implementation" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Use</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt04.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.use"></a>Use</h2></div></div></div><p>Typical usage of the last two constructs is demonstrated as follows:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt;
namespace
{
__gnu_cxx::__mutex safe_base_mutex;
} // anonymous namespace
namespace other
{
void
foo()
{
__gnu_cxx::__scoped_lock sentry(safe_base_mutex);
for (int i = 0; i &lt; max; ++i)
{
_Safe_iterator_base* __old = __iter;
__iter = __iter-&lt;_M_next;
__old-&lt;_M_detach_single();
}
}
</pre><p>In this sample code, an anonymous namespace is used to keep
the <code class="code">__mutex</code> private to the compilation unit,
and <code class="code">__scoped_lock</code> is used to guard access to the critical
section within the for loop, locking the mutex on creation and freeing
the mutex as control moves out of this block.
</p><p>Several exception classes are used to keep track of
concurrence-related errors. These classes
are: <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_wait_error</code>,
and <code class="code">__concurrence_broadcast_error</code>.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_concurrency.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part IV. 
Appendices
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Bugs</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="status.html" title="Chapter 1. Status" /><link rel="prev" href="license.html" title="License" /><link rel="next" href="setup.html" title="Chapter 2. Setup" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Bugs</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="license.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 1. Status</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Bugs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.status.bugs"></a>Bugs</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Implementation Bugs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.status.bugs.impl"></a>Implementation Bugs</h3></div></div></div><p>
Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and
fixed bugs are all available as part of the <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/" target="_top">GCC bug tracking system</a>,
with the category set to <code class="literal">libstdc++</code>.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 15.  Concurrency</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; mutex&#10; , &#10; thread&#10; , &#10; future&#10; , &#10; condition_variable&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk01pt02.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="atomics.html" title="Chapter 14.  Atomics" /><link rel="next" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 15. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 15.  Concurrency</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library, mutex, thread, future, condition_variable" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="std_contents.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="atomics.html" title="Chapter 14.  Atomics" /><link rel="next" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 15. 
Concurrency
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="atomics.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. 
Standard Contents
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Concurrency
<a id="idp16359024" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp16555088" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
Facilities for concurrent operation, and control thereof.
</p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.concurrency.api"></a>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
and <code class="classname">packaged_task</code>.
</p><p>
Full API details.
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</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="atomics.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="std_contents.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="extensions.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 14. 
Atomics
 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part III. 

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Configure</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, configure, options" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="setup.html" title="Chapter 2. Setup" /><link rel="prev" href="setup.html" title="Chapter 2. Setup" /><link rel="next" href="make.html" title="Make" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Configure</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="setup.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. Setup</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="make.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Configure"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.setup.configure"></a>Configure</h2></div></div></div><p>
When configuring libstdc++, you'll have to configure the entire
<span class="emphasis"><em>gccsrcdir</em></span> directory. Consider using the
toplevel gcc configuration option
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
libstdc++/16612 for details.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">--enable-concept-checks</code></span></dt><dd><p>This turns on additional compile-time checks for instantiated
library templates, in the form of specialized templates,
<a class="link" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html" title="Concept Checking">described here</a>. They
<a class="link" href="concept_checking.html" title="Concept Checking">described here</a>. They
can help users discover when they break the rules of the STL, before
their programs run.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">--enable-symvers[=style]</code></span></dt><dd><p>In 3.1 and later, tries to turn on symbol versioning in the

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Containers
<a id="idp16002624" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp16198560" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Sequences"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.containers.sequences"></a>Sequences</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="containers.sequences.list"></a>list</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="list::size() is O(n)"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="sequences.list.size"></a>list::size() is O(n)</h4></div></div></div><p>
Yes it is, and that's okay. This is a decision that we preserved
when we imported SGI's STL implementation. The following is
@ -52,4 +52,4 @@
</p><p>
The first two alpha releases were announced <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00048.html" target="_top">here</a>
and <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2002-07/msg00111.html" target="_top">here</a>.
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Debugging Support</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, debug" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="using.html" title="Chapter 3. Using" /><link rel="prev" href="using_exceptions.html" title="Exceptions" /><link rel="next" href="std_contents.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Debugging Support</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="using_exceptions.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Using</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="std_contents.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Debugging Support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.using.debug"></a>Debugging Support</h2></div></div></div><p>
There are numerous things that can be done to improve the ease with
which C++ binaries are debugged when using the GNU tool chain. Here
are some of them.
@ -237,6 +237,6 @@
</p></div><div class="section" title="Profile-based Performance Analysis"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="debug.profile_mode"></a>Profile-based Performance Analysis</h3></div></div></div><p> The <a class="link" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode">Profile-based
Performance Analysis</a> Extension has performance checks for many
algorithms.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="using_exceptions.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="using.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Exceptions </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part II. 
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="using_exceptions.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="using.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="std_contents.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Exceptions </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part II. 
Standard Contents
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 17. Debug Mode</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; debug&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_compile_checks.html" title="Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html" title="Semantics" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 17. Debug Mode</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_compile_checks.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
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Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode"></a>Chapter 17. Debug Mode</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode"></a>Chapter 17. Debug Mode</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
By default, libstdc++ is built with efficiency in mind, and
therefore performs little or no error checking that is not
required by the C++ standard. This means that programs that
@ -35,4 +35,4 @@
the same predicate that was passed
to <code class="code">set_intersection</code>; the libstdc++ debug mode will
detect an error if the sequence is not sorted or was sorted by a
different predicate.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_compile_checks.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Semantics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
different predicate.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_compile_checks.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Semantics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; debug&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 17. Debug Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, debug" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="debug_mode_using.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode_using.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 17. Debug Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Goals"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="debug_mode.design.goals"></a>Goals</h3></div></div></div><p>
</p><p> The libstdc++ debug mode replaces unsafe (but efficient) standard
containers and iterators with semantically equivalent safe standard
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
container that will perform the actual work. This design decision
ensures that we cannot regress release-mode performance (because the
release-mode containers are left untouched) and partially
enables <a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#methods.coexistence.link" title="Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components">mixing debug and
enables <a class="link" href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link" title="Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components">mixing debug and
release code</a> at link time, although that will not be
discussed at this time.</p><p>Two types of wrappers are used in the implementation of the debug
mode: container wrappers and iterator wrappers. The two types of
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
the class template <code class="code">__gnu_debug::_Safe_sequence</code>,
instantiated with the type of the safe container itself (an instance
of the curiously recurring template pattern).</p><p>The iterators of a container wrapper will be
<a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter" title="Safe Iterators">safe
<a class="link" href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter" title="Safe Iterators">safe
iterators</a> that reference sequences of this type and wrap the
iterators provided by the release-mode base class. The debugging
container will use only the safe iterators within its own interface
@ -409,4 +409,4 @@ test02()
a full debug-mode implementation (including debugging for
CodeWarrior extensions) and is easy to use, although it meets only
the "Full recompilation" (1) recompilation
guarantee.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="debug_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Using </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
guarantee.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode_using.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="debug_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Using </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Semantics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, debug" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /><link rel="next" href="debug_mode_using.html" title="Using" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Semantics</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 17. Debug Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode_using.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Semantics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.semantics"></a>Semantics</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>A program that uses the C++ standard library correctly
will maintain the same semantics under debug mode as it had with
the normal (release) library. All functional and exception-handling
@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ with the debug-mode checks included, but this is unsupported and not
guaranteed to work. For full debug-mode support you can use the
<code class="code">__gnu_debug::basic_string</code> debugging container directly,
which always works correctly.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="debug_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 17. Debug Mode </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Using</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, debug" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="debug_mode_semantics.html" title="Semantics" /><link rel="next" href="debug_mode_design.html" title="Design" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Using</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 17. Debug Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode_design.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.debug_mode.using"></a>Using</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Using the Debug Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="debug_mode.using.mode"></a>Using the Debug Mode</h3></div></div></div><p>To use the libstdc++ debug mode, compile your application with the
compiler flag <code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG</code>. Note that this flag
changes the sizes and behavior of standard class templates such
@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
mode or with debug mode. The
following table provides the names and headers of the debugging
containers:
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp16445056"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 17.1. Debugging Containers</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Debugging Containers" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Container</th><th align="left">Header</th><th align="left">Debug container</th><th align="left">Debug header</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/bitset&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/deque&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/list&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::wstring</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::wstring</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::basic_string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::basic_string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/vector&gt;</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>In addition, when compiling in C++11 mode, these additional
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp16642032"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 17.1. Debugging Containers</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Debugging Containers" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Container</th><th align="left">Header</th><th align="left">Debug container</th><th align="left">Debug header</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::bitset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/bitset&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::deque</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/deque&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::list</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/list&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::wstring</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::wstring</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::basic_string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::basic_string</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/string&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::vector</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/vector&gt;</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>In addition, when compiling in C++11 mode, these additional
containers have additional debug capability.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp16489952"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 17.2. Debugging Containers C++11</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Debugging Containers C++11" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Container</th><th align="left">Header</th><th align="left">Debug container</th><th align="left">Debug header</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_set&gt;</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="debug_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Semantics </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Design</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp16686928"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 17.2. Debugging Containers C++11</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Debugging Containers C++11" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Container</th><th align="left">Header</th><th align="left">Debug container</th><th align="left">Debug header</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_map</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_multimap</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_map&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_set&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::unordered_multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">unordered_set</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_debug::unordered_multiset</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">&lt;debug/unordered_set&gt;</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="debug_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode_design.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Semantics </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Design</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 5.  Diagnostics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="bk01pt02.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="termination.html" title="Termination" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html" title="Concept Checking" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 5. 
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Diagnostics
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Standard Contents
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 5.  Diagnostics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics"></a>Chapter 5. 
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Diagnostics
<a id="idp13771936" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Exceptions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"></a>API Reference</h3></div></div></div><p>
<a id="idp13983056" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Exceptions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"></a>API Reference</h3></div></div></div><p>
All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header
files: <code class="filename">exception</code>,
<code class="filename">stdexcept</code>, <code class="filename">new</code>, and
@ -40,4 +40,4 @@
int e;
DBID id; // some user-defined type
};
</pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Termination </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Concept Checking</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="std_contents.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="concept_checking.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Termination </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Concept Checking</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Writing and Generating Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, documentation, style, docbook, doxygen" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Writing and Generating Documentation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_porting.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Writing and Generating Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, documentation, style, docbook, doxygen" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Writing and Generating Documentation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_porting.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
Porting and Maintenance
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Writing and Generating Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.doc"></a>Writing and Generating Documentation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div><p>
@ -61,13 +61,9 @@
Generates multi-page HTML documentation, and installs it
in the following directories:
</p><p>
<code class="filename">
doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-api.html
</code>
<code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-api.html</code>
</p><p>
<code class="filename">
doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual.html
</code>
<code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual.html</code>
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">
<span class="emphasis"><em>make pdf</em></span>
, </span><span class="term">
@ -117,7 +113,7 @@
supported, and are always aliased to dummy rules. These
unsupported formats are: <span class="emphasis"><em>info</em></span>,
<span class="emphasis"><em>ps</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>dvi</em></span>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Doxygen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.doxygen"></a>Doxygen</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="idp22114256"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.1. Doxygen Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Doxygen Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1" /><col align="center" class="c2" /><col align="center" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Tool</th><th align="center">Version</th><th align="center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">coreutils</td><td align="center">8.5</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">bash</td><td align="center">4.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">doxygen</td><td align="center">1.7.6.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">graphviz</td><td align="center">2.26</td><td align="center">graphical hierarchies</td></tr><tr><td align="center">pdflatex</td><td align="center">2007-59</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Doxygen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.doxygen"></a>Doxygen</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="idp22321120"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.1. Doxygen Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Doxygen Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1" /><col align="center" class="c2" /><col align="center" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Tool</th><th align="center">Version</th><th align="center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">coreutils</td><td align="center">8.5</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">bash</td><td align="center">4.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">doxygen</td><td align="center">1.7.6.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">graphviz</td><td align="center">2.26</td><td align="center">graphical hierarchies</td></tr><tr><td align="center">pdflatex</td><td align="center">2007-59</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Prerequisite tools are Bash 2.0 or later,
<a class="link" href="http://www.doxygen.org/" target="_top">Doxygen</a>, and
the <a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/" target="_top">GNU
@ -171,7 +167,51 @@
If you wish to tweak the Doxygen settings, do so by editing
<code class="filename">doc/doxygen/user.cfg.in</code>. Notes to fellow
library hackers are written in triple-# comments.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Markup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.markup"></a>Markup</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Debugging Generation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.debug"></a>Debugging Generation</h4></div></div></div><p>
Sometimes, mis-configuration of the pre-requisite tools can
lead to errors when attempting to build the
documentation. Here are some of the obvious errors, and ways
to fix some common issues that may appear quite cryptic.
</p><p>
First, if using a rule like <code class="code">make pdf</code>, try to
narrow down the scope of the error to either docbook
(<code class="code">make doc-pdf-docbook</code>) or doxygen (<code class="code">make
doc-pdf-doxygen</code>).
</p><p>
Working on the doxygen path only, closely examine the
contents of the following build directory:
<code class="filename">build/target/libstdc++-v3/doc/doxygen/latex</code>.
Pay attention to three files enclosed within, annotated as follows.
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>refman.tex</em></span>
</p><p>
The actual latex file, or partial latex file. This is generated
via <span class="command"><strong>doxygen</strong></span>, and is the LaTeX version of the
Doxygen XML file <code class="filename">libstdc++-api.xml</code>. Go to a specific
line, and look at the genrated LaTeX, and try to deduce what
markup in <code class="filename">libstdc++-api.xml</code> is causing it.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>refman.out</em></span>
</p><p>
A log of the compilation of the converted LaTeX form to pdf. This
is a linear list, from the beginning of the
<code class="filename">refman.tex</code> file: the last entry of this file
should be the end of the LaTeX file. If it is truncated, then you
know that the last entry is the last part of the generated LaTeX
source file that is valid. Often this file contains an error with
a specific line number of <code class="filename">refman.tex</code> that is
incorrect, or will have clues at the end of the file with the dump
of the memory usage of LaTeX.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
If the error at hand is not obvious after examination, a
fall-back strategy is to start commenting out the doxygen
input sources, which can be found in
<code class="filename">doc/doxygen/user.cfg.in</code>, look for the
<code class="literal">INPUT</code> tag. Start by commenting out whole
directories of header files, until the offending header is
identified. Then, read the latex log files to try and find
surround text, and look for that in the offending header.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Markup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.markup"></a>Markup</h4></div></div></div><p>
In general, libstdc++ files should be formatted according to
the rules found in the
<a class="link" href="source_code_style.html" title="Coding Style">Coding Standard</a>. Before
@ -271,7 +311,7 @@
writing Doxygen comments. Single and double quotes, and
separators in filenames are two common trouble spots. When in
doubt, consult the following table.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22176240"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.2. HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">HTML</th><th align="left">Doxygen</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">\</td><td align="left">\\</td></tr><tr><td align="left">"</td><td align="left">\"</td></tr><tr><td align="left">'</td><td align="left">\'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;i&gt;</td><td align="left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;b&gt;</td><td align="left">@b word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;code&gt;</td><td align="left">@c word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td align="left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;two words or more&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="section" title="Docbook"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.docbook"></a>Docbook</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="idp22195616"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.3. Docbook Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1" /><col align="center" class="c2" /><col align="center" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Tool</th><th align="center">Version</th><th align="center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">docbook5-style-xsl</td><td align="center">1.76.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">xsltproc</td><td align="center">1.1.26</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">xmllint</td><td align="center">2.7.7</td><td align="center">validation</td></tr><tr><td align="center">dblatex</td><td align="center">0.3</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">pdflatex</td><td align="center">2007-59</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">docbook2X</td><td align="center">0.8.8</td><td align="center">info output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">epub3 stylesheets</td><td align="center">b3</td><td align="center">epub output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22396784"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.2. HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">HTML</th><th align="left">Doxygen</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">\</td><td align="left">\\</td></tr><tr><td align="left">"</td><td align="left">\"</td></tr><tr><td align="left">'</td><td align="left">\'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;i&gt;</td><td align="left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;b&gt;</td><td align="left">@b word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;code&gt;</td><td align="left">@c word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td align="left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;two words or more&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="section" title="Docbook"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.docbook"></a>Docbook</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="idp22416224"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.3. Docbook Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1" /><col align="center" class="c2" /><col align="center" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Tool</th><th align="center">Version</th><th align="center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">docbook5-style-xsl</td><td align="center">1.76.1</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">xsltproc</td><td align="center">1.1.26</td><td align="center">all</td></tr><tr><td align="center">xmllint</td><td align="center">2.7.7</td><td align="center">validation</td></tr><tr><td align="center">dblatex</td><td align="center">0.3</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">pdflatex</td><td align="center">2007-59</td><td align="center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">docbook2X</td><td align="center">0.8.8</td><td align="center">info output</td></tr><tr><td align="center">epub3 stylesheets</td><td align="center">b3</td><td align="center">epub output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Editing the DocBook sources requires an XML editor. Many
exist: some notable options
include <span class="command"><strong>emacs</strong></span>, <span class="application">Kate</span>,
@ -343,7 +383,59 @@
<strong class="userinput"><code>
make <code class="literal">XSL_STYLE_DIR="/usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/nwalsh"</code> doc-html-docbook
</code></strong>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Editing and Validation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.validation"></a>Editing and Validation</h4></div></div></div><p>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Debugging Generation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.debug"></a>Debugging Generation</h4></div></div></div><p>
Sometimes, mis-configuration of the pre-requisite tools can
lead to errors when attempting to build the
documentation. Here are some of the obvious errors, and ways
to fix some common issues that may appear quite cryptic.
</p><p>
First, if using a rule like <code class="code">make pdf</code>, try to
narrow down the scope of the error to either docbook
(<code class="code">make doc-pdf-docbook</code>) or doxygen (<code class="code">make
doc-pdf-doxygen</code>).
</p><p>
Working on the docbook path only, closely examine the
contents of the following build directory:
<code class="filename">build/target/libstdc++-v3/doc/docbook/latex</code>.
Pay attention to three files enclosed within, annotated as follows.
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>spine.tex</em></span>
</p><p>
The actual latex file, or partial latex file. This is generated
via <span class="command"><strong>dblatex</strong></span>, and is the LaTeX version of the
DocBook XML file <code class="filename">spine.xml</code>. Go to a specific
line, and look at the genrated LaTeX, and try to deduce what
markup in <code class="filename">spine.xml</code> is causing it.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>spine.out</em></span>
</p><p>
A log of the conversion from the XML form to the LaTeX form. This
is a linear list, from the beginning of the
<code class="filename">spine.xml</code> file: the last entry of this file
should be the end of the DocBook file. If it is truncated, then
you know that the last entry is the last part of the XML source
file that is valid. The error is after this point.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>spine.log</em></span>
</p><p>
A log of the compilation of the converted LaTeX form to pdf. This
is a linear list, from the beginning of the
<code class="filename">spine.tex</code> file: the last entry of this file
should be the end of the LaTeX file. If it is truncated, then you
know that the last entry is the last part of the generated LaTeX
source file that is valid. Often this file contains an error with
a specific line number of <code class="filename">spine.tex</code> that is
incorrect.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
If the error at hand is not obvious after examination, or if one
encounters the inscruitable <span class="quote"><span class="quote">Incomplete
\ifmmode</span></span> error, a fall-back strategy is to start
commenting out parts of the XML document (regardless of what
this does to over-all document validity). Start by
commenting out each of the largest parts of the
<code class="filename">spine.xml</code> file, section by section,
until the offending section is identified.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Editing and Validation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.validation"></a>Editing and Validation</h4></div></div></div><p>
After editing the xml sources, please make sure that the XML
documentation and markup is still valid. This can be
done easily, with the following validation rule:
@ -429,11 +521,11 @@ make <code class="literal">XSL_STYLE_DIR="/usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/nwal
<a class="link" href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/part2.html" target="_top">online</a>.
An incomplete reference for HTML to Docbook conversion is
detailed in the table below.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22257040"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.4. HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">HTML</th><th align="left">Docbook</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">&lt;p&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;para&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;pre&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;computeroutput&gt;, &lt;programlisting&gt;,
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22493856"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.4. HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">HTML</th><th align="left">Docbook</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">&lt;p&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;para&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;pre&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;computeroutput&gt;, &lt;programlisting&gt;,
&lt;literallayout&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;ul&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;itemizedlist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;ol&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;orderedlist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;il&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;listitem&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;dl&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;variablelist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;dt&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;term&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;dd&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;listitem&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;a href=""&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;ulink url=""&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;code&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;literal&gt;, &lt;programlisting&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;strong&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;emphasis&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;emphasis&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">"</td><td align="left">&lt;quote&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
And examples of detailed markup for which there are no real HTML
equivalents are listed in the table below.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22281184"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.5. Docbook XML Element Use</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook XML Element Use" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Element</th><th align="left">Use</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">&lt;structname&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;structname&gt;char_traits&lt;/structname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;classname&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;classname&gt;string&lt;/classname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;function&gt;</td><td align="left">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp22518000"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.5. Docbook XML Element Use</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook XML Element Use" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Element</th><th align="left">Use</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">&lt;structname&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;structname&gt;char_traits&lt;/structname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;classname&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;classname&gt;string&lt;/classname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;function&gt;</td><td align="left">
<p>&lt;function&gt;clear()&lt;/function&gt;</p>
<p>&lt;function&gt;fs.clear()&lt;/function&gt;</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;type&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;type&gt;long long&lt;/type&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;varname&gt;</td><td align="left">&lt;varname&gt;fs&lt;/varname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td align="left">&lt;literal&gt;</td><td align="left">

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03pr01.html" title="" /><link rel="next" href="debug_mode.html" title="Chapter 17. Debug Mode" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03pr01.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
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Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.compile_checks"></a>Chapter 16. Compile Time Checks</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
support for template parameter constraints based on concepts in the core
language. This will obviate the need for the library-simulated concept
checking described above.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03pr01.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 17. Debug Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_preface.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debug_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 17. Debug Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 30. Concurrency</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_demangling.html" title="Chapter 29. Demangling" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html" title="Implementation" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_demangling.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 30. Concurrency</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_demangling.html" title="Chapter 29. Demangling" /><link rel="next" href="ext_concurrency_impl.html" title="Implementation" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_demangling.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency"></a>Chapter 30. Concurrency</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch30s02.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch30s03.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Interface to Locks and Mutexes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads"></a>Interface to Locks and Mutexes</h3></div></div></div><p>The file <code class="filename">&lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt;</code>
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency"></a>Chapter 30. Concurrency</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Interface to Locks and Mutexes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads"></a>Interface to Locks and Mutexes</h3></div></div></div><p>The file <code class="filename">&lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt;</code>
contains all the higher-level
constructs for playing with threads. In contrast to the atomics layer,
the concurrence layer consists largely of types. All types are defined within <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>.
@ -91,4 +91,4 @@ _GLIBCXX_WRITE_MEM_BARRIER
</p><p>
Which expand to the appropriate write and read barrier required by the
host hardware and operating system.
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch30s03.html" title="Use" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch30s03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Using Builtin Atomic Functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks"></a>Using Builtin Atomic Functions</h3></div></div></div><p>The functions for atomic operations described above are either
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="next" href="ext_concurrency_use.html" title="Use" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Using Builtin Atomic Functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks"></a>Using Builtin Atomic Functions</h3></div></div></div><p>The functions for atomic operations described above are either
implemented via compiler intrinsics (if the underlying host is
capable) or by library fallbacks.</p><p>Compiler intrinsics (builtins) are always preferred. However, as
the compiler builtins for atomics are not universally implemented,
@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ use this layer. More detail as to the specific interface can be found in the sou
functions, and usage found in the usual &lt;pthread.h&gt; file,
including <code class="code">pthread_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_once_t</code>, <code class="code">pthread_create</code>,
etc.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_concurrency.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch30s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 30. Concurrency </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Use</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_concurrency.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 30. Concurrency </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Use</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Use</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="ext_concurrency.html" title="Chapter 30. Concurrency" /><link rel="prev" href="ext_concurrency_impl.html" title="Implementation" /><link rel="next" href="appendix.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Use</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 30. Concurrency</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.concurrency.use"></a>Use</h2></div></div></div><p>Typical usage of the last two constructs is demonstrated as follows:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;ext/concurrence.h&gt;
namespace
{
__gnu_cxx::__mutex safe_base_mutex;
} // anonymous namespace
namespace other
{
void
foo()
{
__gnu_cxx::__scoped_lock sentry(safe_base_mutex);
for (int i = 0; i &lt; max; ++i)
{
_Safe_iterator_base* __old = __iter;
__iter = __iter-&lt;_M_next;
__old-&lt;_M_detach_single();
}
}
</pre><p>In this sample code, an anonymous namespace is used to keep
the <code class="code">__mutex</code> private to the compilation unit,
and <code class="code">__scoped_lock</code> is used to guard access to the critical
section within the for loop, locking the mutex on creation and freeing
the mutex as control moves out of this block.
</p><p>Several exception classes are used to keep track of
concurrence-related errors. These classes
are: <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_wait_error</code>,
and <code class="code">__concurrence_broadcast_error</code>.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_concurrency.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part IV. 
Appendices
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures_ack.html" title="Acknowledgments" /><link rel="next" href="ext_sgi.html" title="Deprecated" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch23s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.containers"></a>Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch23s02.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Backwards Compatibility"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.containers.sgi"></a>Backwards Compatibility</h2></div></div></div><p>A few extensions and nods to backwards-compatibility have
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_sgi.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.containers"></a>Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Backwards Compatibility"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.containers.sgi"></a>Backwards Compatibility</h2></div></div></div><p>A few extensions and nods to backwards-compatibility have
been made with containers. Those dealing with older SGI-style
allocators are dealt with elsewhere. The remaining ones all deal
with bits:
@ -39,4 +39,4 @@
</p><pre class="programlisting">
size_t _Find_first() const;
size_t _Find_next (size_t prev) const;</pre><p>The same caveat given for the _Unchecked_* functions applies here also.
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Here we will make an attempt at describing the non-Standard
extensions to the library. Some of these are from older versions of
standard library components, namely SGI's STL, and some of these are

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The SGI hashing classes <code class="classname">hash_set</code> and
<code class="classname">hash_set</code> have been deprecated by the
unordered_set, unordered_multiset, unordered_map,

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@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ get_temporary_buffer(5, (int*)0);
</p><p>
The specialized algorithms of section 20.4.4 are extended with
<code class="code">uninitialized_copy_n</code>.
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</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="containers.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Facets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.localization.facet"></a>Facets</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="ctype"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.localization.facet.ctype"></a>ctype</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.ctype.impl"></a>Implementation</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Specializations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15937456"></a>Specializations</h5></div></div></div><p>
For the required specialization codecvt&lt;wchar_t, char, mbstate_t&gt; ,
conversions are made between the internal character set (always UCS4
on GNU/Linux) and whatever the currently selected locale for the
@ -50,24 +50,24 @@ characters.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Rename abstract base class. See if just smash-overriding is a
better approach. Clarify, add sanity to naming.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.ctype.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15756512"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.ctype.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15952448"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The GNU C Library
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and Internationalization. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15761264"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and Internationalization. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15957200"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Correspondence
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15764352"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15960288"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15766640"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15962576"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2004)"><a id="idp15768912"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2004)"><a id="idp15964848"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.unix.org/version3/ieee_std.html" target="_top">
The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2004)
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999
The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15772160"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15968096"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley, Inc.. </span><span class="pagenums">Appendix D. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15776784"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15972720"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
@ -410,42 +410,42 @@ codecvt usage.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
wchar_t/char internal buffers and conversions between
internal/external buffers?
</p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15854992"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16050928"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The GNU C Library
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">
Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and Internationalization
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15859744"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16055680"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Correspondence
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15862832"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16058768"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15865120"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16061056"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp15867392"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp16063328"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.opengroup.org/austin/" target="_top">
System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2008
The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15870624"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16066560"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley, Inc.. </span><span class="pagenums">Appendix D. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15875248"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16071184"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley Longman
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="A brief description of Normative Addendum 1"><a id="idp15880912"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="A brief description of Normative Addendum 1"><a id="idp16076848"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/na1.html" target="_top">
A brief description of Normative Addendum 1
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Clive</span> <span class="surname">Feather</span>. </span><span class="pagenums">Extended Character Sets. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Unicode HOWTO"><a id="idp15884160"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Clive</span> <span class="surname">Feather</span>. </span><span class="pagenums">Extended Character Sets. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Unicode HOWTO"><a id="idp16080096"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Unicode-HOWTO.html" target="_top">
The Unicode HOWTO
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bruno</span> <span class="surname">Haible</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux"><a id="idp15886944"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bruno</span> <span class="surname">Haible</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux"><a id="idp16082880"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html" target="_top">
UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
</a>
@ -691,39 +691,39 @@ void test01()
model. As of this writing, it is unknown how to query to see
if a specified message catalog exists using the gettext
package.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.messages.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15967840"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="facet.messages.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16163776"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The GNU C Library
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">Chapters 6 Character Set Handling, and 7 Locales and Internationalization
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15972592"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16168528"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Correspondence
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15975680"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16171616"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15977968"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16173904"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp15980240"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp16176176"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.opengroup.org/austin/" target="_top">
System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2008
The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15983472"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16179408"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley, Inc.. </span><span class="pagenums">Appendix D. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15988096"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
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Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley Longman
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="API Specifications, Java Platform"><a id="idp15993760"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="API Specifications, Java Platform"><a id="idp16189696"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
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API Specifications, Java Platform
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GNU gettext tools, version 0.10.38, Native Language Support
Library and Tools.

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Input and Output
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Input and Output
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</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Iostream Objects"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.io.objects"></a>Iostream Objects</h2></div></div></div><p>To minimize the time you have to wait on the compiler, it's good to
only include the headers you really need. Many people simply include
&lt;iostream&gt; when they don't need to -- and that can <span class="emphasis"><em>penalize
@ -118,4 +118,4 @@
the standard objects in that source file; you'll pay less startup
time. Only include the header files you need to in general; your
compile times will go down when there's less parsing work to do.
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Iterators
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</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Predefined"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.iterators.predefined"></a>Predefined</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Iterators vs. Pointers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="iterators.predefined.vs_pointers"></a>Iterators vs. Pointers</h3></div></div></div><p>
The following
FAQ <a class="link" href="../faq.html#faq.iterator_as_pod" title="7.1.">entry</a> points out that
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ classes.
sequences very simple to recognize: if the two endpoints compare
equal, then the {array, sequence, container, whatever} is empty.
</p><p>Just don't dereference <code class="code">end()</code>.
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Localization
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Localization
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Describes the basic locale object, including nested
classes id, facet, and the reference-counted implementation object,
class _Impl.
@ -403,35 +403,35 @@ global locale" (emphasis Paolo), that is:
What should non-required facet instantiations do? If the
generic implementation is provided, then how to end-users
provide specializations?
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</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="locales.locale.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15902704"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The GNU C Library
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">
Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and
Internationalization
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15711536"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15907472"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Correspondence
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15714624"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15910560"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15716912"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15912848"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp15719184"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)"><a id="idp15915120"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.opengroup.org/austin/" target="_top">
System Interface Definitions, Issue 7 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008)
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2008
The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15722416"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15918352"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley, Inc.. </span><span class="pagenums">Appendix D. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15727040"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp15922976"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley Longman
. </span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="strings.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="facets.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 7. 
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Make</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="setup.html" title="Chapter 2. Setup" /><link rel="prev" href="configure.html" title="Configure" /><link rel="next" href="using.html" title="Chapter 3. Using" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Make</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="configure.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. Setup</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="using.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Make"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.setup.make"></a>Make</h2></div></div></div><p>If you have never done this before, you should read the basic
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/" target="_top">GCC Installation
Instructions</a> first. Read <span class="emphasis"><em>all of them</em></span>.
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Utilities
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="traits.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.util.memory"></a>Memory</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
or loading and unloading shared objects in memory. As such, using
caching allocators on systems that do not support
<code class="function">abi::__cxa_atexit</code> is not recommended.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="allocator.impl"></a>Implementation</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Interface Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp13858224"></a>Interface Design</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="allocator.impl"></a>Implementation</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Interface Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp14069680"></a>Interface Design</h5></div></div></div><p>
The only allocator interface that
is supported is the standard C++ interface. As such, all STL
containers have been adjusted, and all external allocators have
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
</p><p>
The base class that <code class="classname">allocator</code> is derived from
may not be user-configurable.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Selecting Default Allocation Policy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp13861776"></a>Selecting Default Allocation Policy</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Selecting Default Allocation Policy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp14073232"></a>Selecting Default Allocation Policy</h5></div></div></div><p>
It's difficult to pick an allocation strategy that will provide
maximum utility, without excessively penalizing some behavior. In
fact, it's difficult just deciding which typical actions to measure
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
The current default choice for
<code class="classname">allocator</code> is
<code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Disabling Memory Caching"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp13875072"></a>Disabling Memory Caching</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Disabling Memory Caching"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp14086528"></a>Disabling Memory Caching</h5></div></div></div><p>
In use, <code class="classname">allocator</code> may allocate and
deallocate using implementation-specific strategies and
heuristics. Because of this, a given call to an allocator object's
@ -310,33 +310,33 @@
of the used and unused memory locations. It has its own
<a class="link" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator">chapter</a>
in the documentation.
</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="allocator.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp13930032"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="allocator.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp14141488"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
</em>. </span>
isoc++_1998
<span class="pagenums">20.4 Memory. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good For?"><a id="idp13931872"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<span class="pagenums">20.4 Memory. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good For?"><a id="idp14143328"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.drdobbs.com/cpp/184403759" target="_top">
The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good For?
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Matt</span> <span class="surname">Austern</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
C/C++ Users Journal
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Hoard Memory Allocator"><a id="idp13935600"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="The Hoard Memory Allocator"><a id="idp14147056"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.hoard.org/" target="_top">
The Hoard Memory Allocator
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Reconsidering Custom Memory Allocation"><a id="idp13938368"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Reconsidering Custom Memory Allocation"><a id="idp14149824"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/berger-oopsla2002.pdf" target="_top">
Reconsidering Custom Memory Allocation
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Zorn</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Kathryn</span> <span class="surname">McKinley</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 OOPSLA. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Allocator Types"><a id="idp13944528"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Zorn</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Kathryn</span> <span class="surname">McKinley</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 OOPSLA. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Allocator Types"><a id="idp14155984"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.angelikalanger.com/Articles/C++Report/Allocators/Allocators.html" target="_top">
Allocator Types
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
C/C++ Users Journal
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp13949264"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">The C++ Programming Language</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 . </span><span class="pagenums">19.4 Allocators. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp14160720"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">The C++ Programming Language</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 . </span><span class="pagenums">19.4 Allocators. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Addison Wesley
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp13953696"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Yalloc: A Recycling C++ Allocator</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Yen</span>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="section" title="auto_ptr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.util.memory.auto_ptr"></a>auto_ptr</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Limitations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="auto_ptr.limitations"></a>Limitations</h4></div></div></div><p>Explaining all of the fun and delicious things that can
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp14165152"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">Yalloc: A Recycling C++ Allocator</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Yen</span>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="section" title="auto_ptr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.util.memory.auto_ptr"></a>auto_ptr</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Limitations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="auto_ptr.limitations"></a>Limitations</h4></div></div></div><p>Explaining all of the fun and delicious things that can
happen with misuse of the <code class="classname">auto_ptr</code> class
template (called <acronym class="acronym">AP</acronym> here) would take some
time. Suffice it to say that the use of <acronym class="acronym">AP</acronym>
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ drops to zero.
Derived classes override those functions to destroy resources in a context
where the correct dynamic type is known. This is an application of the
technique known as type erasure.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.impl"></a>Implementation</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Class Hierarchy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp13995824"></a>Class Hierarchy</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.impl"></a>Implementation</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Class Hierarchy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15669152"></a>Class Hierarchy</h5></div></div></div><p>
A <code class="classname">shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;</code> contains a pointer of
type <span class="type">T*</span> and an object of type
<code class="classname">__shared_count</code>. The shared_count contains a
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ C++11-only features are: rvalue-ref/move support, allocator support,
aliasing constructor, make_shared &amp; allocate_shared. Additionally,
the constructors taking <code class="classname">auto_ptr</code> parameters are
deprecated in C++11 mode.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Thread Safety"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15495728"></a>Thread Safety</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Thread Safety"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15691664"></a>Thread Safety</h5></div></div></div><p>
The
<a class="link" href="http://boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm#ThreadSafety" target="_top">Thread
Safety</a> section of the Boost shared_ptr documentation says "shared_ptr
@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ compiler, standard library, platform etc. For the version of
shared_ptr in libstdc++ the compiler and library are fixed, which
makes things much simpler: we have an atomic CAS or we don't, see Lock
Policy below for details.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Selecting Lock Policy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15503024"></a>Selecting Lock Policy</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Selecting Lock Policy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15698960"></a>Selecting Lock Policy</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>
There is a single <code class="classname">_Sp_counted_base</code> class,
which is a template parameterized on the enum
@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ used when libstdc++ is built without <code class="literal">--enable-threads</cod
<code class="filename">ext/atomicity.h</code>, which detect if the program
is multi-threaded. If only one thread of execution exists in
the program then less expensive non-atomic operations are used.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Related functions and classes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15517648"></a>Related functions and classes</h5></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">dynamic_pointer_cast</code>, <code class="code">static_pointer_cast</code>,
</p></div><div class="section" title="Related functions and classes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15713584"></a>Related functions and classes</h5></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">dynamic_pointer_cast</code>, <code class="code">static_pointer_cast</code>,
<code class="code">const_pointer_cast</code></span></dt><dd><p>
As noted in N2351, these functions can be implemented non-intrusively using
the alias constructor. However the aliasing constructor is only available
@ -612,13 +612,13 @@ is called. Users should not try to use this.
As well as the extra constructors, this implementation also needs some
members of _Sp_counted_deleter to be protected where they could otherwise
be private.
</p></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.using"></a>Use</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15534000"></a>Examples</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.using"></a>Use</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15730000"></a>Examples</h5></div></div></div><p>
Examples of use can be found in the testsuite, under
<code class="filename">testsuite/tr1/2_general_utilities/shared_ptr</code>,
<code class="filename">testsuite/20_util/shared_ptr</code>
and
<code class="filename">testsuite/20_util/weak_ptr</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Unresolved Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15537584"></a>Unresolved Issues</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Unresolved Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="idp15733584"></a>Unresolved Issues</h5></div></div></div><p>
The <span class="emphasis"><em><code class="classname">shared_ptr</code> atomic access</em></span>
clause in the C++11 standard is not implemented in GCC.
</p><p>
@ -659,25 +659,25 @@ be private.
code to work with, Peter Dimov in particular for his help and
invaluable advice on thread safety. Phillip Jordan and Paolo
Carlini for the lock policy implementation.
</p></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Improving shared_ptr for C++0x, Revision 2"><a id="idp15548816"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
</p></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="shared_ptr.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Improving shared_ptr for C++0x, Revision 2"><a id="idp15744816"></a><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2351.htm" target="_top">
Improving shared_ptr for C++0x, Revision 2
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</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
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Boost C++ Libraries documentation, shared_ptr
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Extensions
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</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator_design.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.allocator.mt"></a>Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
The mt allocator [hereinafter referred to simply as "the allocator"]
is a fixed size (power of two) allocator that was initially
@ -20,4 +20,4 @@
</p><p>
The aim of this document is to describe - from an application point of
view - the "inner workings" of the allocator.
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design Issues</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; allocator&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch20s03.html" title="Implementation" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design Issues</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mt_allocator.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch20s03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.design_issues"></a>Design Issues</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.overview"></a>Overview</h3></div></div></div><p> There are three general components to the allocator: a datum
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design Issues</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, allocator" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="next" href="mt_allocator_impl.html" title="Implementation" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design Issues</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mt_allocator.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.design_issues"></a>Design Issues</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.overview"></a>Overview</h3></div></div></div><p> There are three general components to the allocator: a datum
describing the characteristics of the memory pool, a policy class
containing this pool that links instantiation types to common or
individual pools, and a class inheriting from the policy class that is
@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ tuning, for instance.
</pre><p> This class has the interface required for standard library allocator
classes, namely member functions <code class="code">allocate</code> and
<code class="code">deallocate</code>, plus others.
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In the ST example we never used the thread_id variable present in each block.
Let's start by explaining the purpose of this in a MT application.
</p><p>
@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ mutex to be locked) this operation is also made in chunks of blocks
a threads freelist mentioned above). The "formula" used can probably
be improved to further reduce the risk of blocks being "bounced back
and forth" between freelists.
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Let's start by describing how the data on a freelist is laid out in memory.
This is the first two blocks in freelist for thread id 3 in bin 3 (8 bytes):
</p><pre class="programlisting">
@ -76,4 +76,4 @@ of the global freelist and update the pointer as needed
The decision to add deallocated blocks to the front of the freelist was made
after a set of performance measurements that showed that this is roughly 10%
faster than maintaining a set of "last pointers" as well.
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; allocator&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch20s02.html" title="Design Issues" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch20s04.html" title="Single Thread Example" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch20s02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch20s04.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Tunable Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.tune"></a>Tunable Parameters</h3></div></div></div><p>Certain allocation parameters can be modified, or tuned. There
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, allocator" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /><link rel="prev" href="mt_allocator_design.html" title="Design Issues" /><link rel="next" href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html" title="Single Thread Example" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mt_allocator_design.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="allocator.mt.impl"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Tunable Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.mt.tune"></a>Tunable Parameters</h3></div></div></div><p>Certain allocation parameters can be modified, or tuned. There
exists a nested <code class="code">struct __pool_base::_Tune</code> that contains all
these parameters, which include settings for
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Alignment</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum bytes before calling <code class="code">::operator new</code> directly</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Minimum bytes</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Size of underlying global allocations</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Maximum number of supported threads</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Migration of deallocations to the global free list</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Shunt for global <code class="code">new</code> and <code class="code">delete</code></p></li></ul></div><p>Adjusting parameters for a given instance of an allocator can only
@ -158,4 +158,4 @@ implementation-specific, and subject to change. For an example of a
pool that frees memory, see the following
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/viewcvs/trunk/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/ext/mt_allocator/deallocate_local-6.cc?view=markup" target="_top">
example.</a>
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Numerics
<a id="idp16167632" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="idp16363632" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Complex"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.numerics.complex"></a>Complex</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="complex Processing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="numerics.complex.processing"></a>complex Processing</h3></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>Using <code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> becomes even more comple- er, sorry,
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> includes both <code class="code">&lt;complex&gt;</code>
and the C99 <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> (if the C library provides
it).
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</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode"></a>Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s02.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s05.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></div><p> The libstdc++ parallel mode is an experimental parallel
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode"></a>Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></div><p> The libstdc++ parallel mode is an experimental parallel
implementation of many algorithms the C++ Standard Library.
</p><p>
Several of the standard algorithms, for instance
@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ explicit source declaration or by compiling existing sources with a
specific compiler flag.
</p><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>The following library components in the include
<code class="filename">numeric</code> are included in the parallel mode:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::accumulate</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::adjacent_difference</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::inner_product</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::partial_sum</code></p></li></ul></div><p>The following library components in the include
<code class="filename">algorithm</code> are included in the parallel mode:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::adjacent_find</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::count</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::count_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::equal</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find_first_of</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::for_each</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::generate</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::generate_n</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::lexicographical_compare</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::mismatch</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::search</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::search_n</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::transform</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::replace</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::replace_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::max_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::merge</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::min_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::nth_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::partial_sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::partition</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::random_shuffle</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_union</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_intersection</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_symmetric_difference</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_difference</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::stable_sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::unique_copy</code></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h2></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16880896"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
<code class="filename">algorithm</code> are included in the parallel mode:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::adjacent_find</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::count</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::count_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::equal</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::find_first_of</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::for_each</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::generate</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::generate_n</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::lexicographical_compare</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::mismatch</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::search</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::search_n</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::transform</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::replace</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::replace_if</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::max_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::merge</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::min_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::nth_element</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::partial_sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::partition</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::random_shuffle</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_union</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_intersection</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_symmetric_difference</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::set_difference</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::stable_sort</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="function">std::unique_copy</code></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h2></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp17079344"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
Parallelization of Bulk Operations for STL Dictionaries
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Leonor</span> <span class="surname">Frias</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 . </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Workshop on Highly Parallel Processing on a Chip (HPPC) 2007. (LNCS)
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp16885968"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="idp17084416"></a><p><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
The Multi-Core Standard Template Library
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Peter</span> <span class="surname">Sanders</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Putze</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 . </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Euro-Par 2007: Parallel Processing. (LNCS 4641)
. </span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Semantics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; parallel&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch18s05.html" title="Testing" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, parallel" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="parallel_mode_using.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="parallel_mode_test.html" title="Testing" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode_using.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode_test.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Interface Basics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="parallel_mode.design.intro"></a>Interface Basics</h3></div></div></div><p>
All parallel algorithms are intended to have signatures that are
equivalent to the ISO C++ algorithms replaced. For instance, the
@ -210,4 +210,4 @@ __gnu_parallel</code>.
</p><p> More information, and an organized index of types and functions
related to the parallel mode on a per-namespace basis, can be found in
the generated source documentation.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch18s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Using </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Testing</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode_using.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode_test.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Using </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Testing</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Semantics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, parallel" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /><link rel="next" href="parallel_mode_using.html" title="Using" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Semantics</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode_using.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Semantics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode.semantics"></a>Semantics</h2></div></div></div><p> The parallel mode STL algorithms are currently not exception-safe,
i.e. user-defined functors must not throw exceptions.
Also, the order of execution is not guaranteed for some functions, of course.
Therefore, user-defined functors should not have any concurrent side effects.
</p><p> Since the current GCC OpenMP implementation does not support
OpenMP parallel regions in concurrent threads,
it is not possible to call parallel STL algorithm in
concurrent threads, either.
It might work with other compilers, though.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="parallel_mode_using.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Testing</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, parallel" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="parallel_mode_design.html" title="Design" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Testing</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode_design.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 18. Parallel Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.parallel_mode.test"></a>Testing</h2></div></div></div><p>
Both the normal conformance and regression tests and the
supplemental performance tests work.
</p><p>
To run the conformance and regression tests with the parallel mode
active,
</p><pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>make check-parallel</code></strong>
</pre><p>
The log and summary files for conformance testing are in the
<code class="filename">testsuite/parallel</code> directory.
</p><p>
To run the performance tests with the parallel mode active,
</p><pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>make check-performance-parallel</code></strong>
</pre><p>
The result file for performance testing are in the
<code class="filename">testsuite</code> directory, in the file
<code class="filename">libstdc++_performance.sum</code>. In addition, the
policy-based containers have their own visualizations, which have
additional software dependencies than the usual bare-boned text
file, and can be generated by using the <code class="code">make
doc-performance</code> rule in the testsuite's Makefile.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel_mode_design.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="parallel_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 19. Profile Mode</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Testing</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;&#9;ISO C++&#10; , &#10;&#9;policy&#10; , &#10;&#9;container&#10; , &#10;&#9;data&#10; , &#10;&#9;structure&#10; , &#10;&#9;associated&#10; , &#10;&#9;tree&#10; , &#10;&#9;trie&#10; , &#10;&#9;hash&#10; , &#10;&#9;metaprogramming&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures_design.html" title="Design" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures_biblio.html" title="Acknowledgments" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Testing</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_biblio.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pbds.test"></a>Testing</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Regression"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.test.regression"></a>Regression</h3></div></div></div><p>The library contains a single comprehensive regression test.
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Testing</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, policy, container, data, structure, associated, tree, trie, hash, metaprogramming" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures_design.html" title="Design" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures_ack.html" title="Acknowledgments" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Testing</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pbds.test"></a>Testing</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Regression"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.test.regression"></a>Regression</h3></div></div></div><p>The library contains a single comprehensive regression test.
For a given container type in this library, the test creates
an object of the container type and an object of the
corresponding standard type (e.g., <code class="classname">std::set</code>). It
@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
this library's containers and the containers' value-types are
configured to use this allocator.</p><p>For granularity, the test is split into the
several sources, each checking only some containers.</p><p>For more details, consult the files in
<code class="filename">testsuite/ext/pb_ds/regression</code>.</p></div><div class="section" title="Performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.test.performance"></a>Performance</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Hash-Based"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="performance.hash"></a>Hash-Based</h4></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section" title="Text find"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="performance.hash.text_find"></a>
<code class="filename">testsuite/ext/pb_ds/regression</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.test.performance"></a>Performance</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Hash-Based"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="performance.hash"></a>Hash-Based</h4></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section" title="Text find"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="performance.hash.text_find"></a>
Text <code class="function">find</code>
</h5></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section" title="Description"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.text_find.info"></a>
Description
@ -34,14 +35,10 @@
time for <code class="function">find</code> as a function of
the number of values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/text_find_timing_test.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/text_find_timing_test.cc</code>
</p><p>
And uses the data file:
<code class="filename">
filethirty_years_among_the_dead_preproc.txt
</code>
<code class="filename">filethirty_years_among_the_dead_preproc.txt</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different range-hashing
functions, trigger policies, and cache-hashing policies.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.text_find.results"></a>
@ -172,9 +169,7 @@
for <code class="function">find</code> as a function of the number of values
inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_find_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_find_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
hash-tables,
range-hashing functions, and trigger policies.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.int_find.results"></a>
@ -376,9 +371,7 @@
for <code class="function">operator[]</code> as a function of the number of
values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_subscript_find_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_subscript_find_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
hash-tables, range-hashing functions, and trigger policies.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.int_subscript_find.results"></a>
Results
@ -565,9 +558,7 @@
<code class="function">operator[]</code> as a function of the number of
values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_subscript_insert_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/random_int_subscript_insert_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
hash-tables.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.int_subscript_insert.results"></a>
Results
@ -781,9 +772,7 @@
the containers. The keys are generated as follows. First, a
uniform integer is created. Then it is then shifted left 8 bits.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/hash_zlob_random_int_find_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/hash_zlob_random_int_find_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different range-hashing
functions and trigger policies.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.zlob_int_find.results"></a>
Results
@ -903,9 +892,7 @@
into a container, then erases all keys except one. It measures
the final size of the container.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/hash_random_int_erase_mem_usage.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/hash_random_int_erase_mem_usage.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks how containers adjust internally as their
logical size decreases.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash.erase_mem.results"></a>
Results
@ -1009,9 +996,7 @@
values inserted.</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
data structures.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_text_insert_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_text_insert_timing.cc</code>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="branch.text_insert.results"></a>
Results
</h6></div></div></div><p>The three graphics below show the results for the native
@ -1124,9 +1109,7 @@
for <code class="function">find</code> as a function of the number of
values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/text_find_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/text_find_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
data structures.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="branch.text_find.results"></a>
Results
@ -1234,9 +1217,7 @@
key. It measures the average time for <code class="function">find</code> as a
function of the number of values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_text_lor_find_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_text_lor_find_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying
data structures in a locality-of-reference setting.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="branch.text_lor_find.results"></a>
Results
@ -1320,9 +1301,7 @@
and joining the containers as a function of the number of
values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_split_join_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_split_join_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the performance difference of <code class="function">join</code>
as opposed to a sequence of <code class="function">insert</code> operations; by
implication, this test checks the most efficient way to erase a
@ -1429,9 +1408,7 @@
time for such queries as a function of the number of values
inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_order_statistics_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/tree_order_statistics_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the performance difference of policies based
on node-invariant as opposed to a external functions.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="branch.order_statistics.results"></a>
Results
@ -1504,9 +1481,7 @@
a primary key. For the native multimaps, it searches a range
obtained using <code class="classname">std::equal_range</code> on a primary key.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_find_timing_small.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_find_timing_small.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the find-time scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_find_small.results"></a>
Results
@ -1677,9 +1652,7 @@
a primary key. For the native multimaps, it searches a range
obtained using <code class="classname">std::equal_range</code> on a primary key.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_find_timing_large.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_find_timing_large.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the find-time scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_find_large.results"></a>
Results
@ -1853,9 +1826,7 @@
<code class="classname">std::equal_range</code>, and inserts a value only if it was
not contained already.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_timing_small.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_timing_small.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the insert-time scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_insert_small.results"></a>
Results
@ -2029,9 +2000,7 @@
<code class="classname">std::equal_range</code>, and inserts a value only if it was
not contained already.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_timing_large.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_timing_large.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the insert-time scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_insert_large.results"></a>
Results
@ -2200,9 +2169,7 @@
to primary keys ranges to about 20.</p><p>The test measures the memory use as a function of the number
of values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_mem_usage_small.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_mem_usage_small.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the memory scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_insert_mem_small.results"></a>
Results
@ -2371,9 +2338,7 @@
to primary keys ranges to about 20.</p><p>The test measures the memory use as a function of the number
of values inserted.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_mem_usage_large.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/multimap_text_insert_mem_usage_large.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the memory scalability of different
"multimap" designs.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="multimap.text_insert_mem_large.results"></a>
Results
@ -2536,9 +2501,7 @@
for <code class="function">push</code> as a function of the number of values
pushed.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_push_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_push_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.text_push.results"></a>
@ -2674,9 +2637,7 @@
<code class="classname">pop</code> . It measures the average time for <code class="classname">push</code>
as a function of the number of values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_push_pop_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_push_pop_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.text_push_pop.results"></a>
@ -2805,9 +2766,7 @@
measures the average time for <code class="function">push</code> as a
function of the number of values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_random_int_push_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_random_int_push_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.int_push.results"></a>
@ -2926,9 +2885,7 @@
<code class="function">push</code> and <code class="function">pop</code> as a function
of the number of values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_random_int_push_pop_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_random_int_push_pop_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.int_push_pop.results"></a>
@ -3028,9 +2985,7 @@
container. It measures the memory use as a function of the
number of values pushed to the container.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_pop_mem_usage.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_pop_mem_usage.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.text_pop.results"></a>
@ -3123,9 +3078,7 @@
one container and pushes them into the other. The test measures
the average time as a function of the number of values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_join_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_join_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.text_join.results"></a>
@ -3219,9 +3172,7 @@
time for <code class="function">modify</code> as a function of the number of
values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_modify_up_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_modify_up_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The test checks the effect of different underlying data
structures for graph algorithms settings. Note that making an
arbitrary value larger (in the sense of the priority queue's
@ -3358,9 +3309,7 @@
time for <code class="function">modify</code> as a function of the number of
values.</p><p>
It uses the test file:
<code class="filename">
performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_modify_down_timing.cc
</code>
<code class="filename">performance/ext/pb_ds/priority_queue_text_modify_down_timing.cc</code>
</p><p>The main purpose of this test is to contrast Priority Queue
Text <code class="classname">modify</code> Up Timing Test.</p></div><div class="section" title="Results"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="priority_queue.text_modify_down.results"></a>
Results
@ -3810,4 +3759,4 @@
as well. It is difficult to find an a-priori characterization of
graphs in which the actual number of <code class="function">modify</code>
operations will dwarf the number of <code class="function">push</code> and
<code class="function">pop</code> operations.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="policy_data_structures.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_biblio.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Acknowledgments</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
<code class="function">pop</code> operations.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="policy_data_structures.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Acknowledgments</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;&#9;ISO C++&#10; , &#10;&#9;policy&#10; , &#10;&#9;container&#10; , &#10;&#9;data&#10; , &#10;&#9;structure&#10; , &#10;&#9;associated&#10; , &#10;&#9;tree&#10; , &#10;&#9;trie&#10; , &#10;&#9;hash&#10; , &#10;&#9;metaprogramming&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html" title="Implementation" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures_using.html" title="Using" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
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Extensions
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.containers.pbds"></a>Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
@ -65,9 +65,7 @@
Text <code class="function">modify</code> Up
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_down">
Text <code class="function">modify</code> Down
</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_biblio.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">
Bibliography
</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pbds.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Intro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pbds.intro"></a>Intro</h2></div></div></div><p>
This is a library of policy-based elementary data structures:
associative containers and priority queues. It is designed for
high-performance, flexibility, semantic safety, and conformance to
@ -251,7 +249,7 @@
these invariants, one must supply some policy that is aware
of these changes. Without this, it would be better to use a
linked list (in itself very efficient for these purposes).
</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp17566032"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.1. Node Invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Node Invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Underlying Data Structures"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="motivation.associative.underlying"></a>Underlying Data Structures</h5></div></div></div><p>
</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp17768432"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.1. Node Invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Node Invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Underlying Data Structures"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="motivation.associative.underlying"></a>Underlying Data Structures</h5></div></div></div><p>
The standard C++ library contains associative containers based on
red-black trees and collision-chaining hash tables. These are
very useful, but they are not ideal for all types of
@ -259,7 +257,7 @@
</p><p>
The figure below shows the different underlying data structures
currently supported in this library.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17572688"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.2. Underlying Associative Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_different_underlying_dss_1.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Associative Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17775088"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.2. Underlying Associative Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_different_underlying_dss_1.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Associative Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
A shows a collision-chaining hash-table, B shows a probing
hash-table, C shows a red-black tree, D shows a splay tree, E shows
a tree based on an ordered vector(implicit in the order of the
@ -378,7 +376,7 @@
no guarantee that the elements traversed will coincide with the
<span class="emphasis"><em>logical</em></span> elements between 1 and 5, as in
label B.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17604320"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.3. Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterators_range_ops_1.png" align="middle" alt="Node Invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17806784"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.3. Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterators_range_ops_1.png" align="middle" alt="Node Invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
In our opinion, this problem is not caused just because
red-black trees are order preserving while
collision-chaining hash tables are (generally) not - it
@ -429,7 +427,7 @@
list, as in the graphic below, label B. Here the iterators are as
light as can be, but the hash-table's operations are more
complicated.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17619168"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.4. Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterators_range_ops_2.png" align="middle" alt="Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17821696"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.4. Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterators_range_ops_2.png" align="middle" alt="Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
It should be noted that containers based on collision-chaining
hash-tables are not the only ones with this type of behavior;
many other self-organizing data structures display it as well.
@ -445,7 +443,7 @@
container. The graphic below shows three cases: A1 and A2 show
a red-black tree; B1 and B2 show a probing hash-table; C1 and C2
show a collision-chaining hash table.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17628432"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.5. Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_invalidation_guarantee_erase.png" align="middle" alt="Effect of erase in different underlying data structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17830960"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.5. Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_invalidation_guarantee_erase.png" align="middle" alt="Effect of erase in different underlying data structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>
Erasing 5 from A1 yields A2. Clearly, an iterator to 3 can
be de-referenced and incremented. The sequence of iterators
changed, but in a way that is well-defined by the interface.
@ -681,7 +679,7 @@
typically less structured than an associative container's tree;
the third simply uses an associative container. These are
shown in the figure below with labels A1 and A2, B, and C.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17696032"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.6. Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_different_underlying_dss_2.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17898416"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.6. Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_different_underlying_dss_2.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
No single implementation can completely replace any of the
others. Some have better <code class="function">push</code>
and <code class="function">pop</code> amortized performance, some have
@ -773,9 +771,7 @@
<code class="classname">std::priority_queue</code>, however, this will generally
change the order of growth of the entire sequence of
operations.
</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="pbds.biblio"></a>
Bibliography
</h2></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="STL Exception Handling Contract"><a id="biblio.abrahams97exception"></a><p>[biblio.abrahams97exception] <span class="title"><em>
</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="pbds.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h2></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="STL Exception Handling Contract"><a id="biblio.abrahams97exception"></a><p>[biblio.abrahams97exception] <span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/1997/N1075.pdf" target="_top">
STL Exception Handling Contract
</a>
@ -1230,7 +1226,7 @@
</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
SGI
. </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="select"><a id="biblio.select_man"></a><p>[biblio.select_man] <span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mansec?3C+select" target="_top">
<a class="link" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/select.html" target="_top">
select
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Amortized Efficiency of List Update Problems"><a id="biblio.sleator84amortized"></a><p>[biblio.sleator84amortized] <span class="title"><em>
@ -1309,4 +1305,4 @@
Wickland
</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
National Psychological Institute
. </span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Acknowledgments</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, policy, container, data, structure, associated, tree, trie, hash, metaprogramming" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html" title="Testing" /><link rel="next" href="ext_containers.html" title="Chapter 23. HP/SGI Extensions" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Acknowledgments</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_containers.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Acknowledgments"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="pbds.ack"></a>Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div><p>
Written by Ami Tavory and Vladimir Dreizin (IBM Haifa Research
Laboratories), and Benjamin Kosnik (Red Hat).
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;&#9;ISO C++&#10; , &#10;&#9;policy&#10; , &#10;&#9;container&#10; , &#10;&#9;data&#10; , &#10;&#9;structure&#10; , &#10;&#9;associated&#10; , &#10;&#9;tree&#10; , &#10;&#9;trie&#10; , &#10;&#9;hash&#10; , &#10;&#9;metaprogramming&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures_using.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html" title="Testing" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="containers.pbds.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section" title="Concepts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.design.concepts"></a>Concepts</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Null Policy Classes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="pbds.design.concepts.null_type"></a>Null Policy Classes</h4></div></div></div><p>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, policy, container, data, structure, associated, tree, trie, hash, metaprogramming" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures_using.html" title="Using" /><link rel="next" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html" title="Testing" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="containers.pbds.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section" title="Concepts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.design.concepts"></a>Concepts</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Null Policy Classes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="pbds.design.concepts.null_type"></a>Null Policy Classes</h4></div></div></div><p>
Associative containers are typically parametrized by various
policies. For example, a hash-based associative container is
parametrized by a hash-functor, transforming each key into an
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
naturally; collision-chaining hash tables (label B) store
equivalent-key values in the same bucket, the bucket can be
arranged so that equivalent-key values are consecutive.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17953568"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.8. Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_embedded_lists_1.png" align="middle" alt="Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18155312"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.8. Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_embedded_lists_1.png" align="middle" alt="Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
Put differently, the standards' non-unique mapping
associative-containers are associative containers that map
primary keys to linked lists that are embedded into the
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
first graphic above. Labels A and B, respectively. Each shaded
box represents some size-type or secondary
associative-container.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17977072"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.10. Non-unique Mapping Containers</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_embedded_lists_3.png" align="middle" alt="Non-unique Mapping Containers" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18178816"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.10. Non-unique Mapping Containers</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_embedded_lists_3.png" align="middle" alt="Non-unique Mapping Containers" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
In the first example above, then, one would use an associative
container mapping each user to an associative container which
maps each application id to a start time (see
@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
shows invariants for order-preserving containers: point-type
iterators are synonymous with range-type iterators.
Orthogonally, <span class="emphasis"><em>C</em></span>shows invariants for "set"
containers: iterators are synonymous with const iterators.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17996816"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.11. Point Iterator Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterator_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Point Iterator Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Note that point-type iterators in self-organizing containers
containers: iterators are synonymous with const iterators.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18198704"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.11. Point Iterator Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_point_iterator_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Point Iterator Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Note that point-type iterators in self-organizing containers
(hash-based associative containers) lack movement
operators, such as <code class="literal">operator++</code> - in fact, this
is the reason why this library differentiates from the standard C++ librarys
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
to the question of whether point-type iterators and range-type
iterators are valid. The graphic below shows tags corresponding to
different types of invalidation guarantees.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18010160"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.12. Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_invalidation_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18212048"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.12. Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_invalidation_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="classname">basic_invalidation_guarantee</code>
corresponds to a basic guarantee that a point-type iterator,
a found pointer, or a found reference, remains valid as long
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
</p><p>
This library contains a container tag hierarchy corresponding to the
diagram below.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18040384"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.13. Container Tag Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_container_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Container Tag Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18242272"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.13. Container Tag Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_container_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Container Tag Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>
Given any container <span class="type">Cntnr</span>, the tag of
the underlying data structure can be found via <code class="literal">typename
Cntnr::container_category</code>.
@ -488,7 +488,7 @@
collision-chaining container, except for the following.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="classname">Comb_Probe_Fn</code> describes how to transform a probe
sequence into a sequence of positions within the table.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="classname">Probe_Fn</code> describes a probe sequence policy.</p></li></ol></div><p>Some of the default template values depend on the values of
other parameters, and are explained below.</p></div><div class="section" title="Details"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="container.hash.details"></a>Details</h5></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Hash Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.hash.details.hash_policies"></a>Hash Policies</h6></div></div></div><div class="section" title="General"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="details.hash_policies.general"></a>General</h6></div></div></div><p>Following is an explanation of some functions which hashing
involves. The graphic below illustrates the discussion.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18080608"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.14. Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
involves. The graphic below illustrates the discussion.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18282480"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.14. Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
range-hashing functions</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_ranged_hash_range_hashing_fns.png" align="middle" alt="Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and range-hashing functions" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Let U be a domain (e.g., the integers, or the
strings of 3 characters). A hash-table algorithm needs to map
elements of U "uniformly" into the range [0,..., m -
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
Z<sub>+</sub>,</p><p>which maps a non-negative hash value, and a non-negative
range upper-bound into a non-negative integral in the range
between 0 (inclusive) and the range upper bound (exclusive),
i.e., for any r in Z<sub>+</sub>,</p><p>0 ≤ g(r, m) ≤ m - 1</p><p>The resulting ranged-hash function, is</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18094416"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.1. Ranged Hash Function</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
i.e., for any r in Z<sub>+</sub>,</p><p>0 ≤ g(r, m) ≤ m - 1</p><p>The resulting ranged-hash function, is</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18296288"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.1. Ranged Hash Function</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
f(u , m) = g(h(u), m)
</span></div></div><br class="equation-break" /><p>From the above, it is obvious that given g and
h, f can always be composed (however the converse
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
transforming the sequence of hash values into a sequence of
positions.</p></div><div class="section" title="Range Hashing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="details.hash_policies.range"></a>Range Hashing</h6></div></div></div><p>Some common choices for range-hashing functions are the
division, multiplication, and middle-square methods (<a class="xref" href="policy_data_structures.html#biblio.knuth98sorting" title="The Art of Computer Programming - Sorting and Searching">[biblio.knuth98sorting]</a>), defined
as</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18100304"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.2. Range-Hashing, Division Method</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
as</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18302176"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.2. Range-Hashing, Division Method</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
g(r, m) = r mod m
</span></div></div><br class="equation-break" /><p>g(r, m) = ⌈ u/v ( a r mod v ) ⌉</p><p>and</p><p>g(r, m) = ⌈ u/v ( r<sup>2</sup> mod v ) ⌉</p><p>respectively, for some positive integrals u and
v (typically powers of 2), and some a. Each of
@ -536,9 +536,9 @@
implement using the low
level % (modulo) operation (for any m), or the
low level &amp; (bit-mask) operation (for the case where
m is a power of 2), i.e.,</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18104816"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.3. Division via Prime Modulo</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
m is a power of 2), i.e.,</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18306688"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.3. Division via Prime Modulo</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
g(r, m) = r % m
</span></div></div><br class="equation-break" /><p>and</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18106640"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.4. Division via Bit Mask</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
</span></div></div><br class="equation-break" /><p>and</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18308512"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.4. Division via Bit Mask</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
g(r, m) = r &amp; m - 1, (with m =
2<sup>k</sup> for some k)
</span></div></div><br class="equation-break" /><p>respectively.</p><p>The % (modulo) implementation has the advantage that for
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
s = [ s<sub>0</sub>,..., s<sub>t - 1</sub>]
</p><p>be a string of t characters, each of which is from
domain S. Consider the following ranged-hash
function:</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18116272"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.5. 
function:</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18318144"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.5. 
A Standard String Hash Function
</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
f<sub>1</sub>(s, m) = ∑ <sub>i =
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
of a long DNA sequence (and so S = {'A', 'C', 'G',
'T'}). In this case, scanning the entire string might be
prohibitively expensive. A possible alternative might be to use
only the first k characters of the string, where</p><p>|S|<sup>k</sup> ≥ m ,</p><p>i.e., using the hash function</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18122416"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.6. 
only the first k characters of the string, where</p><p>|S|<sup>k</sup> ≥ m ,</p><p>i.e., using the hash function</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18324288"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.6. 
Only k String DNA Hash
</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
f<sub>2</sub>(s, m) = ∑ <sub>i
@ -607,12 +607,12 @@
the container transforms the key into a non-negative integral
using the hash functor (points B and C), and transforms the
result into a position using the combining functor (points D
and E).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18144976"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.15. Insert hash sequence diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_range_hashing_seq_diagram.png" align="middle" alt="Insert hash sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>If <code class="classname">cc_hash_table</code>'s
and E).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18346912"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.15. Insert hash sequence diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_range_hashing_seq_diagram.png" align="middle" alt="Insert hash sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>If <code class="classname">cc_hash_table</code>'s
hash-functor, <code class="classname">Hash_Fn</code> is instantiated by <code class="classname">null_type</code> , then <code class="classname">Comb_Hash_Fn</code> is taken to be
a ranged-hash function. The graphic below shows an <code class="function">insert</code> sequence
diagram. The user inserts an element (point A), the container
transforms the key into a position using the combining functor
(points B and C).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18152032"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.16. Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_range_hashing_seq_diagram2.png" align="middle" alt="Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Probing tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash_policies.implementation.probe"></a>
(points B and C).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18353968"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.16. Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_range_hashing_seq_diagram2.png" align="middle" alt="Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Probing tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="hash_policies.implementation.probe"></a>
Probing tables
</h6></div></div></div><p><code class="classname">gp_hash_table</code> is parametrized by
<code class="classname">Hash_Fn</code>, <code class="classname">Probe_Fn</code>,
@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
a linear probe and a quadratic probe function,
respectively.</p></li></ol></div><p>
The graphic below shows the relationships.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18168848"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.17. Hash policy class diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="Hash policy class diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Resize Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.hash.details.resize_policies"></a>Resize Policies</h6></div></div></div><div class="section" title="General"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="resize_policies.general"></a>General</h6></div></div></div><p>Hash-tables, as opposed to trees, do not naturally grow or
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18370720"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.17. Hash policy class diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_hash_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="Hash policy class diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Resize Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.hash.details.resize_policies"></a>Resize Policies</h6></div></div></div><div class="section" title="General"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="resize_policies.general"></a>General</h6></div></div></div><p>Hash-tables, as opposed to trees, do not naturally grow or
shrink. It is necessary to specify policies to determine how
and when a hash table should change its size. Usually, resize
policies can be decomposed into orthogonal policies:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>A size policy indicating how a hash table
@ -668,10 +668,10 @@
and some load factor be denoted by Α. We would like to
calculate the minimal length of k, such that if there were Α
m elements in the hash table, a probe sequence of length k would
be found with probability at most 1/m.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18187888"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.18. Balls and bins</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_balls_and_bins.png" align="middle" alt="Balls and bins" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Denote the probability that a probe sequence of length
be found with probability at most 1/m.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18389824"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.18. Balls and bins</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_balls_and_bins.png" align="middle" alt="Balls and bins" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Denote the probability that a probe sequence of length
k appears in bin i by p<sub>i</sub>, the
length of the probe sequence of bin i by
l<sub>i</sub>, and assume uniform distribution. Then</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18193392"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.7. 
l<sub>i</sub>, and assume uniform distribution. Then</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18395328"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.7. 
Probability of Probe Sequence of Length k
</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
p<sub>1</sub> =
@ -685,7 +685,7 @@
l<sub>i</sub> are negatively-dependent
(<a class="xref" href="policy_data_structures.html#biblio.dubhashi98neg" title="Balls and bins: A study in negative dependence">[biblio.dubhashi98neg]</a>)
. Let
I(.) denote the indicator function. Then</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18200160"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.8. 
I(.) denote the indicator function. Then</p><div class="equation"><a id="idp18402096"></a><p class="title"><strong>Equation 22.8. 
Probability Probe Sequence in Some Bin
</strong></p><div class="equation-contents"><span class="mathphrase">
P( exists<sub>i</sub> l<sub>i</sub> ≥ k ) =
@ -724,7 +724,7 @@
a resize is needed, and if so, what is the new size (points D
to G); following the resize, it notifies the policy that a
resize has completed (point H); finally, the element is
inserted, and the policy notified (point I).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18218672"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.19. Insert resize sequence diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_insert_resize_sequence_diagram1.png" align="middle" alt="Insert resize sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>In practice, a resize policy can be usually orthogonally
inserted, and the policy notified (point I).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18420544"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.19. Insert resize sequence diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_insert_resize_sequence_diagram1.png" align="middle" alt="Insert resize sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>In practice, a resize policy can be usually orthogonally
decomposed to a size policy and a trigger policy. Consequently,
the library contains a single class for instantiating a resize
policy: <code class="classname">hash_standard_resize_policy</code>
@ -733,8 +733,8 @@
both, and acts as a standard delegate (<a class="xref" href="policy_data_structures.html#biblio.gof" title="Design Patterns - Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software">[biblio.gof]</a>)
to these policies.</p><p>The two graphics immediately below show sequence diagrams
illustrating the interaction between the standard resize policy
and its trigger and size policies, respectively.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18226448"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.20. Standard resize policy trigger sequence
diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_insert_resize_sequence_diagram2.png" align="middle" alt="Standard resize policy trigger sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="figure"><a id="idp18230608"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.21. Standard resize policy size sequence
and its trigger and size policies, respectively.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18428320"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.20. Standard resize policy trigger sequence
diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_insert_resize_sequence_diagram2.png" align="middle" alt="Standard resize policy trigger sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="figure"><a id="idp18432480"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.21. Standard resize policy size sequence
diagram</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_insert_resize_sequence_diagram3.png" align="middle" alt="Standard resize policy size sequence diagram" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Predefined Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="resize_policies.impl.predefined"></a>Predefined Policies</h6></div></div></div><p>The library includes the following
instantiations of size and trigger policies:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="classname">hash_load_check_resize_trigger</code>
implements a load check trigger policy.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="classname">cc_hash_max_collision_check_resize_trigger</code>
@ -877,7 +877,7 @@
each node, and maintains node invariants (see <a class="xref" href="policy_data_structures.html#biblio.clrs2001" title="Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd edition">[biblio.clrs2001]</a>.) The first stores in
each node the size of the sub-tree rooted at the node; the
second stores at each node the maximal endpoint of the
intervals at the sub-tree rooted at the node.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18308704"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.22. Tree node invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Tree node invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Supporting such trees is difficult for a number of
intervals at the sub-tree rooted at the node.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18510576"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.22. Tree node invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Tree node invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Supporting such trees is difficult for a number of
reasons:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>There must be a way to specify what a node's metadata
should be (if any).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Various operations can invalidate node
invariants. The graphic below shows how a right rotation,
@ -891,7 +891,7 @@
metadata.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>It is not feasible to know in advance which methods trees
can support. Besides the usual <code class="classname">find</code> method, the
first tree can support a <code class="classname">find_by_order</code> method, while
the second can support an <code class="classname">overlaps</code> method.</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp18318144"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.23. Tree node invalidation</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_invalidations.png" align="middle" alt="Tree node invalidation" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>These problems are solved by a combination of two means:
the second can support an <code class="classname">overlaps</code> method.</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp18520016"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.23. Tree node invalidation</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_invalidations.png" align="middle" alt="Tree node invalidation" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>These problems are solved by a combination of two means:
node iterators, and template-template node updater
parameters.</p><div class="section" title="Node Iterators"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.tree.node.iterators"></a>Node Iterators</h6></div></div></div><p>Each tree-based container defines two additional iterator
types, <code class="classname">const_node_iterator</code>
@ -920,7 +920,7 @@
<code class="classname">node_update</code> class, and publicly subclasses
<code class="classname">node_update</code>. The graphic below shows this
scheme, as well as some predefined policies (which are explained
below).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18331248"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.24. A tree and its update policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_updator_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="A tree and its update policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p><code class="classname">node_update</code> (an instantiation of
below).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18533056"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.24. A tree and its update policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_tree_node_updator_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="A tree and its update policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p><code class="classname">node_update</code> (an instantiation of
<code class="classname">Node_Update</code>) must define <code class="classname">metadata_type</code> as
the type of metadata it requires. For order statistics,
e.g., <code class="classname">metadata_type</code> might be <code class="classname">size_t</code>.
@ -939,7 +939,7 @@
<code class="classname">nd_it</code>. For example, say node x in the
graphic below label A has an invalid invariant, but its' children,
y and z have valid invariants. After the invocation, all three
nodes should have valid invariants, as in label B.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18342912"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.25. Restoring node invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_restoring_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Restoring node invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>When a tree operation might invalidate some node invariant,
nodes should have valid invariants, as in label B.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18544720"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.25. Restoring node invariants</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_restoring_node_invariants.png" align="middle" alt="Restoring node invariants" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>When a tree operation might invalidate some node invariant,
it invokes this method in its <code class="classname">node_update</code> base to
restore the invariant. For example, the graphic below shows
an <code class="function">insert</code> operation (point A); the tree performs some
@ -947,7 +947,7 @@
C, and D). (It is well known that any <code class="function">insert</code>,
<code class="function">erase</code>, <code class="function">split</code> or <code class="function">join</code>, can restore
all node invariants by a small number of node invariant updates (<a class="xref" href="policy_data_structures.html#biblio.clrs2001" title="Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd edition">[biblio.clrs2001]</a>)
.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18351088"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.26. Insert update sequence</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_update_seq_diagram.png" align="middle" alt="Insert update sequence" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>To complete the description of the scheme, three questions
.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18552896"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.26. Insert update sequence</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_update_seq_diagram.png" align="middle" alt="Insert update sequence" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>To complete the description of the scheme, three questions
need to be answered:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>How can a tree which supports order statistics define a
method such as <code class="classname">find_by_order</code>?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>How can the node updater base access methods of the
tree?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>How can the following cyclic dependency be resolved?
@ -989,7 +989,7 @@
node's metadata (this is halting reducible). In the graphic
below, assume the shaded node is inserted. The tree would have
to traverse the useless path shown to the root, applying
redundant updates all the way.</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp18373344"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.27. Useless update path</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_rationale_null_node_updator.png" align="middle" alt="Useless update path" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>A null policy class, <code class="classname">null_node_update</code>
redundant updates all the way.</p></li></ol></div><div class="figure"><a id="idp18575152"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.27. Useless update path</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_rationale_null_node_updator.png" align="middle" alt="Useless update path" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>A null policy class, <code class="classname">null_node_update</code>
solves both these problems. The tree detects that node
invariants are irrelevant, and defines all accordingly.</p></div></div><div class="section" title="Split and Join"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.tree.details.split"></a>Split and Join</h6></div></div></div><p>Tree-based containers support split and join methods.
It is possible to split a tree so that it passes
@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@
sub-tree with leafs "a" and "as". The maximal common prefix is
"a". The internal node contains, consequently, to const
iterators, one pointing to <code class="varname">'a'</code>, and the other to
<code class="varname">'s'</code>.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18418096"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.28. A PATRICIA trie</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_pat_trie.png" align="middle" alt="A PATRICIA trie" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Node Invariants"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.trie.details.node"></a>Node Invariants</h6></div></div></div><p>Trie-based containers support node invariants, as do
<code class="varname">'s'</code>.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18619904"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.28. A PATRICIA trie</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_pat_trie.png" align="middle" alt="A PATRICIA trie" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Node Invariants"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.trie.details.node"></a>Node Invariants</h6></div></div></div><p>Trie-based containers support node invariants, as do
tree-based containers. There are two minor
differences, though, which, unfortunately, thwart sharing them
sharing the same node-updating policies:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>A trie's <code class="classname">Node_Update</code> template-template
@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@
parametrized by <code class="classname">Cmp_Fn</code>.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Tree-based containers store values in all nodes, while
trie-based containers (at least in this implementation) store
values in leafs.</p></li></ol></div><p>The graphic below shows the scheme, as well as some predefined
policies (which are explained below).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18428592"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.29. A trie and its update policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_trie_node_updator_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="A trie and its update policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This library offers the following pre-defined trie node
policies (which are explained below).</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18630400"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.29. A trie and its update policy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_trie_node_updator_policy_cd.png" align="middle" alt="A trie and its update policy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This library offers the following pre-defined trie node
updating policies:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="classname">trie_order_statistics_node_update</code>
supports order statistics.
@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
simple list of integer keys. If we search for the integer 6, we
are paying an overhead: the link with key 6 is only the fifth
link; if it were the first link, it could be accessed
faster.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18459168"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.30. A simple list</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_simple_list.png" align="middle" alt="A simple list" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>List-update algorithms reorder lists as elements are
faster.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18660912"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.30. A simple list</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_simple_list.png" align="middle" alt="A simple list" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>List-update algorithms reorder lists as elements are
accessed. They try to determine, by the access history, which
keys to move to the front of the list. Some of these algorithms
require adding some metadata alongside each entry.</p><p>For example, in the graphic below label A shows the counter
@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@
predetermined value, say 10, as shown in label C, the count is set
to 0 and the node is moved to the front of the list, as in label
D.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18464752"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.31. The counter algorithm</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_list_update.png" align="middle" alt="The counter algorithm" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.list.details.policies"></a>Policies</h6></div></div></div><p>this library allows instantiating lists with policies
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18666496"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.31. The counter algorithm</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_list_update.png" align="middle" alt="The counter algorithm" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Policies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"><a id="container.list.details.policies"></a>Policies</h6></div></div></div><p>this library allows instantiating lists with policies
implementing any algorithm moving nodes to the front of the
list (policies implementing algorithms interchanging nodes are
unsupported).</p><p>Associative containers based on lists are parametrized by a
@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@
sequence; the second uses a tree (or forest of trees), which is
typically less structured than an associative container's tree;
the third simply uses an associative container. These are
shown in the graphic below, in labels A1 and A2, label B, and label C.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18528512"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.32. Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_priority_queue_different_underlying_dss.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures." /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Roughly speaking, any value that is both pushed and popped
shown in the graphic below, in labels A1 and A2, label B, and label C.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18730256"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.32. Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_priority_queue_different_underlying_dss.png" align="middle" alt="Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures." /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Roughly speaking, any value that is both pushed and popped
from a priority queue must incur a logarithmic expense (in the
amortized sense). Any priority queue implementation that would
avoid this, would violate known bounds on comparison-based
@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@
container <code class="classname">Cntnr</code>, the tag of the underlying
data structure can be found via <code class="classname">typename
Cntnr::container_category</code>; this is one of the possible tags shown in the graphic below.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18563488"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.33. Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_priority_queue_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags." /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Additionally, a traits mechanism can be used to query a
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp18765296"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.33. Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_priority_queue_tag_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags." /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Additionally, a traits mechanism can be used to query a
container type for its attributes. Given any container
<code class="classname">Cntnr</code>, then </p><pre class="programlisting">__gnu_pbds::container_traits&lt;Cntnr&gt;</pre><p>
is a traits class identifying the properties of the

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Using</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, policy, container, data, structure, associated, tree, trie, hash, metaprogramming" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="prev" href="policy_data_structures.html" title="Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures" /><link rel="next" href="policy_data_structures_design.html" title="Design" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Using</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="policy_data_structures.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 22. Policy-Based Data Structures</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="containers.pbds.using"></a>Using</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.using.prereq"></a>Prerequisites</h3></div></div></div><p>The library contains only header files, and does not require any
other libraries except the standard C++ library . All classes are
defined in namespace <code class="code">__gnu_pbds</code>. The library internally
uses macros beginning with <code class="code">PB_DS</code>, but
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
In addition, there are the following diagnostics classes,
used to report errors specific to this library's data
structures.
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17758672"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.7. Exception Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_exception_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Exception Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Tutorial"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.using.tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Basic Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="pbds.using.tutorial.basic"></a>Basic Use</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="figure"><a id="idp17960992"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 22.7. Exception Hierarchy</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../images/pbds_exception_hierarchy.png" align="middle" alt="Exception Hierarchy" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" title="Tutorial"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pbds.using.tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Basic Use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="pbds.using.tutorial.basic"></a>Basic Use</h4></div></div></div><p>
For the most part, the policy-based containers containers in
namespace <code class="literal">__gnu_pbds</code> have the same interface as
the equivalent containers in the standard C++ library, except for

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Extensions for Custom Containers</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode_design.html" title="Design" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode_cost_model.html" title="Empirical Cost Model" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Extensions for Custom Containers</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_design.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Extensions for Custom Containers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.api"></a>Extensions for Custom Containers</h2></div></div></div><p>
Many large projects use their own data structures instead of the ones in the
standard library. If these data structures are similar in functionality
to the standard library, they can be instrumented with the same hooks
that are used to instrument the standard library.
The instrumentation API is exposed in file
<code class="code">profiler.h</code> (look for "Instrumentation hooks").
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_design.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Design </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Empirical Cost Model</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Empirical Cost Model</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode_api.html" title="Extensions for Custom Containers" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode_impl.html" title="Implementation Issues" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Empirical Cost Model</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_impl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Empirical Cost Model"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.cost_model"></a>Empirical Cost Model</h2></div></div></div><p>
Currently, the cost model uses formulas with predefined relative weights
for alternative containers or container implementations. For instance,
iterating through a vector is X times faster than iterating through a list.
</p><p>
(Under development.)
We are working on customizing this to a particular machine by providing
an automated way to compute the actual relative weights for operations
on the given machine.
</p><p>
(Under development.)
We plan to provide a performance parameter database format that can be
filled in either by hand or by an automated training mechanism.
The analysis module will then use this database instead of the built in.
generic parameters.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; profile&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html" title="Extensions for Custom Containers" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp16935552"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 19.1. Profile Code Location</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Profile Code Location" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Code Location</th><th align="left">Use</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/std/*</code></td><td align="left">Preprocessor code to redirect to profile extension headers.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/profile/*</code></td><td align="left">Profile extension public headers (map, vector, ...).</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/profile/impl/*</code></td><td align="left">Profile extension internals. Implementation files are
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Design</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode_api.html" title="Extensions for Custom Containers" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Design</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_api.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.design"></a>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp17134288"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 19.1. Profile Code Location</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Profile Code Location" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Code Location</th><th align="left">Use</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/std/*</code></td><td align="left">Preprocessor code to redirect to profile extension headers.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/profile/*</code></td><td align="left">Profile extension public headers (map, vector, ...).</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="code">libstdc++-v3/include/profile/impl/*</code></td><td align="left">Profile extension internals. Implementation files are
only included from <code class="code">impl/profiler.h</code>, which is the only
file included from the public headers.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Wrapper Model"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper"></a>Wrapper Model</h3></div></div></div><p>
@ -119,4 +119,4 @@ it helps the user focus on the key problems and ignore the uninteresting ones.
We created a <code class="code">profile</code> directory in the test suite.
Each diagnostic must come with at least two tests, one for false positives
and one for false negatives.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Developer Information</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; profile&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html" title="Implementation Issues" /><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html" title="Diagnostics" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Developer Information</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Developer Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer"></a>Developer Information</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Big Picture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic"></a>Big Picture</h3></div></div></div><p>The profile mode headers are included with
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Developer Information</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode_impl.html" title="Implementation Issues" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html" title="Diagnostics" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Developer Information</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_impl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Developer Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer"></a>Developer Information</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Big Picture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic"></a>Big Picture</h3></div></div></div><p>The profile mode headers are included with
<code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE</code> through preprocessor directives in
<code class="code">include/std/*</code>.
</p><p>Instrumented implementations are provided in
@ -65,4 +65,4 @@
<code class="code">include/profile/impl/profiler_trace.h</code>. Use
<code class="code">__trace_vector_to_list</code> as an example.
</p><p>Add documentation in file <code class="code">doc/xml/manual/profile_mode.xml</code>.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation Issues </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Diagnostics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Diagnostics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; profile&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html" title="Developer Information" /><link rel="next" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Diagnostics</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Diagnostics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.diagnostics"></a>Diagnostics</h2></div></div></div><p>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Diagnostics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode_devel.html" title="Developer Information" /><link rel="next" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 20. The mt_allocator" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Diagnostics</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_devel.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Diagnostics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.diagnostics"></a>Diagnostics</h2></div></div></div><p>
The table below presents all the diagnostics we intend to implement.
Each diagnostic has a corresponding compile time switch
<code class="code">-D_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_&lt;diagnostic&gt;</code>.
@ -18,23 +18,23 @@
A high accuracy means that the diagnostic is unlikely to be wrong.
These grades are not perfect. They are just meant to guide users with
specific needs or time budgets.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp17041152"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 19.2. Profile Diagnostics</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Profile Diagnostics" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /><col align="left" class="c5" /><col align="left" class="c6" /><col align="left" class="c7" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Group</th><th align="left">Flag</th><th align="left">Benefit</th><th align="left">Cost</th><th align="left">Freq.</th><th align="left">Implemented</th><td class="auto-generated"> </td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers" title="Containers">
CONTAINERS</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small" title="Hashtable Too Small">
HASHTABLE_TOO_SMALL</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large" title="Hashtable Too Large">
HASHTABLE_TOO_LARGE</a></td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash" title="Inefficient Hash">
INEFFICIENT_HASH</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small" title="Vector Too Small">
VECTOR_TOO_SMALL</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large" title="Vector Too Large">
VECTOR_TOO_LARGE</a></td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable" title="Vector to Hashtable">
VECTOR_TO_HASHTABLE</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector" title="Hashtable to Vector">
HASHTABLE_TO_VECTOR</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list" title="Vector to List">
VECTOR_TO_LIST</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector" title="List to Vector">
LIST_TO_VECTOR</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord" title="Ordered to Unordered Associative Container">
ORDERED_TO_UNORDERED</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">only map/unordered_map</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms" title="Algorithms">
ALGORITHMS</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort" title="Sort Algorithm Performance">
SORT</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality" title="Data Locality">
LOCALITY</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch" title="Need Software Prefetch">
SOFTWARE_PREFETCH</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked" title="Linked Structure Locality">
RBTREE_LOCALITY</a></td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share" title="False Sharing">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp17241936"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 19.2. Profile Diagnostics</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Profile Diagnostics" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /><col align="left" class="c5" /><col align="left" class="c6" /><col align="left" class="c7" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Group</th><th align="left">Flag</th><th align="left">Benefit</th><th align="left">Cost</th><th align="left">Freq.</th><th align="left">Implemented</th><td class="auto-generated"> </td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers" title="Containers">
CONTAINERS</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small" title="Hashtable Too Small">
HASHTABLE_TOO_SMALL</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large" title="Hashtable Too Large">
HASHTABLE_TOO_LARGE</a></td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash" title="Inefficient Hash">
INEFFICIENT_HASH</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small" title="Vector Too Small">
VECTOR_TOO_SMALL</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large" title="Vector Too Large">
VECTOR_TOO_LARGE</a></td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable" title="Vector to Hashtable">
VECTOR_TO_HASHTABLE</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector" title="Hashtable to Vector">
HASHTABLE_TO_VECTOR</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list" title="Vector to List">
VECTOR_TO_LIST</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector" title="List to Vector">
LIST_TO_VECTOR</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord" title="Ordered to Unordered Associative Container">
ORDERED_TO_UNORDERED</a></td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">only map/unordered_map</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms" title="Algorithms">
ALGORITHMS</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort" title="Sort Algorithm Performance">
SORT</a></td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality" title="Data Locality">
LOCALITY</a></td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch" title="Need Software Prefetch">
SOFTWARE_PREFETCH</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked" title="Linked Structure Locality">
RBTREE_LOCALITY</a></td><td align="left">4</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"><a class="link" href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share" title="False Sharing">
FALSE_SHARING</a></td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">no</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" title="Diagnostic Template"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template"></a>Diagnostic Template</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Switch:</em></span>
<code class="code">_GLIBCXX_PROFILE_&lt;diagnostic&gt;</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Goal:</em></span> What problem will it diagnose?
@ -555,4 +555,4 @@ sharing in multithreaded access at foo.cc:4. Detected N shared cache lines.
This diagnostic will not issue any advice, but it will print statistics for
each container construction site. The statistics will contain the cost
of each operation actually performed on the container.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Developer Information </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_devel.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="profile_mode.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mt_allocator.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Developer Information </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 20. The mt_allocator</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Implementation Issues</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="C++, library, profile" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="profile_mode.html" title="Chapter 19. Profile Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="profile_mode_cost_model.html" title="Empirical Cost Model" /><link rel="next" href="profile_mode_devel.html" title="Developer Information" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Implementation Issues</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 19. Profile Mode</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="profile_mode_devel.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section" title="Implementation Issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation"></a>Implementation Issues</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Stack Traces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack"></a>Stack Traces</h3></div></div></div><p>
Accurate stack traces are needed during profiling since we group events by
call context and dynamic instance. Without accurate traces, diagnostics
may be hard to interpret. For instance, when giving advice to the user
@ -48,4 +48,4 @@
However, we cannot do the same at destruction time. The trace is written
by a function registered by <code class="code">atexit</code>, thus invoked by
<code class="code">exit</code>.
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This status table is based on the table of contents of ISO/IEC 14882:2003.
</p><p>
This page describes the C++ support in mainline GCC SVN, not in any
particular release.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp2034496"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.1. C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp7972400"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.1. C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>18</em></span>
</td><td colspan="3" align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Language support</em></span>
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ presence of the required flag.
</p><p>
This page describes the C++11 support in mainline GCC SVN, not in any
particular release.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp8159968"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.2. C++ 2011 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ 2011 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp3830944"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.2. C++ 2011 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ 2011 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>18</em></span>
</td><td colspan="3" align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Language support</em></span>
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ particular release.
Uses code from
<a class="link" href="http://www.boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm" target="_top">boost::shared_ptr</a>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">weak_ptr</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.4</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">emable_shared_from_this</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.7.2.5</td><td align="left"><code class="code">shared_ptr</code> atomic access</td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.6</td><td align="left">Smart pointer hash support</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8</td><td align="left">Function objects</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.1</td><td align="left">Definitions</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.2</td><td align="left">Requirements</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">reference_wrapper</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.4</td><td align="left">Arithmetic operation</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.5</td><td align="left">Comparisons</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.6</td><td align="left">Logical operations</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.7</td><td align="left">Bitwise operations</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.8</td><td align="left">Negators</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.9</td><td align="left">Function template <code class="code">bind</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.8.10</td><td align="left">Function template <code class="code">mem_fn</code></td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left">Missing overloads for reference-qualified member functions</td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.11</td><td align="left">Polymorphic function wrappers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.11.1</td><td align="left">Class <code class="code">bad_function_call</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.8.11.2</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">function</code></td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left">Missing allocator support</td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.12</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">hash</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9</td><td align="left">Metaprogramming and type traits</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.1</td><td align="left">Requirements</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.2</td><td align="left">Header <code class="code">&lt;type_traits&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.3</td><td align="left">Helper classes</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4</td><td align="left">Unary Type Traits</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4.1</td><td align="left">Primary type categories</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4.2</td><td align="left">Composite type traits</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.9.4.3</td><td align="left">Type properties</td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left">Missing is_trivially_copyable,
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">weak_ptr</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.4</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">emable_shared_from_this</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.7.2.5</td><td align="left"><code class="code">shared_ptr</code> atomic access</td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.7.2.6</td><td align="left">Smart pointer hash support</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8</td><td align="left">Function objects</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.1</td><td align="left">Definitions</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.2</td><td align="left">Requirements</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">reference_wrapper</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.4</td><td align="left">Arithmetic operation</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.5</td><td align="left">Comparisons</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.6</td><td align="left">Logical operations</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.7</td><td align="left">Bitwise operations</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.8</td><td align="left">Negators</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.9</td><td align="left">Function template <code class="code">bind</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.10</td><td align="left">Function template <code class="code">mem_fn</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.11</td><td align="left">Polymorphic function wrappers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.11.1</td><td align="left">Class <code class="code">bad_function_call</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.8.11.2</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">function</code></td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left">Missing allocator support</td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.8.12</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">hash</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9</td><td align="left">Metaprogramming and type traits</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.1</td><td align="left">Requirements</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.2</td><td align="left">Header <code class="code">&lt;type_traits&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.3</td><td align="left">Helper classes</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4</td><td align="left">Unary Type Traits</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4.1</td><td align="left">Primary type categories</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">20.9.4.2</td><td align="left">Composite type traits</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr bgcolor="#B0B0B0"><td align="left">20.9.4.3</td><td align="left">Type properties</td><td align="left">Partial</td><td align="left">Missing is_trivially_copyable,
is_trivially_constructible, is_trivially_default_constructible,
is_trivially_copy_constructible, is_trivially_move_constructible,
is_trivially_assignable, is_trivially_default_assignable,
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ In this implementation the header names are prefixed by
</p><p>
This page describes the TR1 support in mainline GCC SVN, not in any particular
release.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp8242720"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.3. C++ TR1 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ TR1 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>2</em></span></td><td colspan="3" align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>General Utilities</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1</td><td align="left">Reference wrappers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.1</td><td align="left">Additions to header <code class="code">&lt;functional&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">reference_wrapper</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.1</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> construct/copy/destroy</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.2</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> assignment</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.3</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> access</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.4</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> invocation</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.5</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> helper functions</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2</td><td align="left">Smart pointers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.1</td><td align="left">Additions to header <code class="code">&lt;memory&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.2</td><td align="left">Class <code class="code">bad_weak_ptr</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">shared_ptr</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp2333664"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.3. C++ TR1 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ TR1 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>2</em></span></td><td colspan="3" align="left"><span class="emphasis"><em>General Utilities</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1</td><td align="left">Reference wrappers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.1</td><td align="left">Additions to header <code class="code">&lt;functional&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">reference_wrapper</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.1</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> construct/copy/destroy</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.2</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> assignment</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.3</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> access</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.4</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> invocation</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.1.2.5</td><td align="left"><code class="code">reference_wrapper</code> helper functions</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2</td><td align="left">Smart pointers</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.1</td><td align="left">Additions to header <code class="code">&lt;memory&gt;</code> synopsis</td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.2</td><td align="left">Class <code class="code">bad_weak_ptr</code></td><td align="left">Y</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">2.2.3</td><td align="left">Class template <code class="code">shared_ptr</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">
<p>
Uses code from
<a class="link" href="http://www.boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm" target="_top">boost::shared_ptr</a>.
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ decimal floating-point arithmetic
</p><p>
This page describes the TR 24733 support in mainline GCC SVN, not in any
particular release.
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp12490768"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.4. C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
</p><div class="table"><a id="idp12702320"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 1.4. C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Section</th><th align="left">Description</th><th align="left">Status</th><th align="left">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>0</em></span>
</td><td colspan="3" align="left">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Introduction</em></span>

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part II.  Standard Contents</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Manual" /><link rel="prev" href="debug.html" title="Debugging Support" /><link rel="next" href="support.html" title="Chapter 4.  Support" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Part II. 
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Standard Contents
</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="support.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="part" title="Part II.  Standard Contents"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual.std"></a>Part II. 
Standard Contents
@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
Diagnostics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
Utilities
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp13858224">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp13861776">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp13875072">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp13995824">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15495728">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15503024">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15517648">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15534000">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15537584">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp14069680">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp14073232">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp14086528">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15669152">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15691664">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15698960">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15713584">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15730000">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idp15733584">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
Strings
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8.
Localization
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idp15741456">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idp15937456">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
Containers
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10.

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Strings
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Here are Standard, simple, and portable ways to perform common
transformations on a <code class="code">string</code> instance, such as
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ stringtok(Container &amp;container, string const &amp;in,
libstdc++ string, the SGI string, and the SGI rope, and this
is all before any allocator or traits customizations! (More
choices than you can shake a stick at -- want fries with that?)
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