gcc/libgfortran/io/transfer.c

/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Andy Vaught
   Namelist transfer functions contributed by Paul Thomas
   F2003 I/O support contributed by Jerry DeLisle

This file is part of the GNU Fortran 95 runtime library (libgfortran).

Libgfortran is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License, the
Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link the
compiled version of this file into combinations with other programs,
and to distribute those combinations without any restriction coming
from the use of this file.  (The General Public License restrictions
do apply in other respects; for example, they cover modification of
the file, and distribution when not linked into a combine
executable.)

Libgfortran is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Libgfortran; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */


/* transfer.c -- Top level handling of data transfer statements.  */

#include "io.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


/* Calling conventions:  Data transfer statements are unlike other
   library calls in that they extend over several calls.

   The first call is always a call to st_read() or st_write().  These
   subroutines return no status unless a namelist read or write is
   being done, in which case there is the usual status.  No further
   calls are necessary in this case.

   For other sorts of data transfer, there are zero or more data
   transfer statement that depend on the format of the data transfer
   statement.

      transfer_integer
      transfer_logical
      transfer_character
      transfer_character_wide
      transfer_real
      transfer_complex

    These subroutines do not return status.

    The last call is a call to st_[read|write]_done().  While
    something can easily go wrong with the initial st_read() or
    st_write(), an error inhibits any data from actually being
    transferred.  */

extern void transfer_integer (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int);
export_proto(transfer_integer);

extern void transfer_real (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int);
export_proto(transfer_real);

extern void transfer_logical (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int);
export_proto(transfer_logical);

extern void transfer_character (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int);
export_proto(transfer_character);

extern void transfer_character_wide (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int, int);
export_proto(transfer_character_wide);

extern void transfer_complex (st_parameter_dt *, void *, int);
export_proto(transfer_complex);

extern void transfer_array (st_parameter_dt *, gfc_array_char *, int,
			    gfc_charlen_type);
export_proto(transfer_array);

static void us_read (st_parameter_dt *, int);
static void us_write (st_parameter_dt *, int);
static void next_record_r_unf (st_parameter_dt *, int);
static void next_record_w_unf (st_parameter_dt *, int);

static const st_option advance_opt[] = {
  {"yes", ADVANCE_YES},
  {"no", ADVANCE_NO},
  {NULL, 0}
};


static const st_option decimal_opt[] = {
  {"point", DECIMAL_POINT},
  {"comma", DECIMAL_COMMA},
  {NULL, 0}
};


static const st_option sign_opt[] = {
  {"plus", SIGN_SP},
  {"suppress", SIGN_SS},
  {"processor_defined", SIGN_S},
  {NULL, 0}
};

static const st_option blank_opt[] = {
  {"null", BLANK_NULL},
  {"zero", BLANK_ZERO},
  {NULL, 0}
};

static const st_option delim_opt[] = {
  {"apostrophe", DELIM_APOSTROPHE},
  {"quote", DELIM_QUOTE},
  {"none", DELIM_NONE},
  {NULL, 0}
};

static const st_option pad_opt[] = {
  {"yes", PAD_YES},
  {"no", PAD_NO},
  {NULL, 0}
};

typedef enum
{ FORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL, UNFORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL,
  FORMATTED_DIRECT, UNFORMATTED_DIRECT, FORMATTED_STREAM, UNFORMATTED_STREAM
}
file_mode;


static file_mode
current_mode (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  file_mode m;

  m = FORM_UNSPECIFIED;

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT)
    {
      m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED ?
	FORMATTED_DIRECT : UNFORMATTED_DIRECT;
    }
  else if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL)
    {
      m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED ?
	FORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL : UNFORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL;
    }
  else if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_STREAM)
    {
      m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED ?
	FORMATTED_STREAM : UNFORMATTED_STREAM;
    }

  return m;
}


/* Mid level data transfer statements.  These subroutines do reading
   and writing in the style of salloc_r()/salloc_w() within the
   current record.  */

/* When reading sequential formatted records we have a problem.  We
   don't know how long the line is until we read the trailing newline,
   and we don't want to read too much.  If we read too much, we might
   have to do a physical seek backwards depending on how much data is
   present, and devices like terminals aren't seekable and would cause
   an I/O error.

   Given this, the solution is to read a byte at a time, stopping if
   we hit the newline.  For small allocations, we use a static buffer.
   For larger allocations, we are forced to allocate memory on the
   heap.  Hopefully this won't happen very often.  */

char *
read_sf (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int *length, int no_error)
{
  char *base, *p, q;
  int n, crlf;
  gfc_offset pos;
  size_t readlen;

  if (*length > SCRATCH_SIZE)
    dtp->u.p.line_buffer = get_mem (*length);
  p = base = dtp->u.p.line_buffer;

  /* If we have seen an eor previously, return a length of 0.  The
     caller is responsible for correctly padding the input field.  */
  if (dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor)
    {
      *length = 0;
      return base;
    }

  if (is_internal_unit (dtp))
    {
      readlen = *length;
      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, p, &readlen) != 0
		    || readlen < (size_t) *length))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	  return NULL;
	}
	
      goto done;
    }

  readlen = 1;
  n = 0;

  do
    {
      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &q, &readlen) != 0))
        {
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	  return NULL;
	}

      /* If we have a line without a terminating \n, drop through to
	 EOR below.  */
      if (readlen < 1 && n == 0)
	{
	  if (likely (no_error))
	    break;
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	  return NULL;
	}

      if (readlen < 1 || q == '\n' || q == '\r')
	{
	  /* Unexpected end of line.  */

	  /* If we see an EOR during non-advancing I/O, we need to skip
	     the rest of the I/O statement.  Set the corresponding flag.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_NO || dtp->u.p.seen_dollar)
	    dtp->u.p.eor_condition = 1;

	  crlf = 0;
	  /* If we encounter a CR, it might be a CRLF.  */
	  if (q == '\r') /* Probably a CRLF */
	    {
	      readlen = 1;
	      pos = stream_offset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &q, &readlen)
			    != 0))
	        {
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
		  return NULL;
		}
	      if (q != '\n' && readlen == 1) /* Not a CRLF after all.  */
		sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, pos);
	      else
		crlf = 1;
	    }

	  /* Without padding, terminate the I/O statement without assigning
	     the value.  With padding, the value still needs to be assigned,
	     so we can just continue with a short read.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status == PAD_NO)
	    {
	      if (likely (no_error))
		break;
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_EOR, NULL);
	      return NULL;
	    }

	  *length = n;
	  dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor = (crlf ? 2 : 1);
	  break;
	}
      /*  Short circuit the read if a comma is found during numeric input.
	  The flag is set to zero during character reads so that commas in
	  strings are not ignored  */
      if (q == ',')
	if (dtp->u.p.sf_read_comma == 1)
	  {
	    notify_std (&dtp->common, GFC_STD_GNU,
			"Comma in formatted numeric read.");
	    *length = n;
	    break;
	  }

      n++;
      *p++ = q;
      dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor = 0;
    }
  while (n < *length);

 done:
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= *length;

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
    dtp->u.p.size_used += (GFC_IO_INT) *length;

  return base;
}


/* Function for reading the next couple of bytes from the current
   file, advancing the current position. We return FAILURE on end of record or
   end of file. This function is only for formatted I/O, unformatted uses
   read_block_direct.

   If the read is short, then it is because the current record does not
   have enough data to satisfy the read request and the file was
   opened with PAD=YES.  The caller must assume tailing spaces for
   short reads.  */

try
read_block_form (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *buf, size_t *nbytes)
{
  char *source;
  size_t nread;
  int nb;

  if (!is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left < (gfc_offset) *nbytes)
	{
	  /* For preconnected units with default record length, set bytes left
	   to unit record length and proceed, otherwise error.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->unit_number == options.stdin_unit
	      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl == DEFAULT_RECL)
            dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	  else
	    {
	      if (unlikely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status == PAD_NO))
		{
		  /* Not enough data left.  */
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_EOR, NULL);
		  return FAILURE;
		}
	    }

	  if (unlikely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left == 0))
	    {
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	      return FAILURE;
	    }

	  *nbytes = dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	}
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED &&
      (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL ||
       dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_STREAM))
    {
      nb = *nbytes;
      source = read_sf (dtp, &nb, 0);
      *nbytes = nb;
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos +=
	(gfc_offset) (*nbytes + dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor);
      if (source == NULL)
	return FAILURE;
      memcpy (buf, source, *nbytes);
      return SUCCESS;
    }
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= (gfc_offset) *nbytes;

  nread = *nbytes;
  if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf, &nread) != 0))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
    dtp->u.p.size_used += (GFC_IO_INT) nread;

  if (nread != *nbytes)
    {				/* Short read, this shouldn't happen.  */
      if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status == PAD_YES))
	*nbytes = nread;
      else
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_EOR, NULL);
	  source = NULL;
	}
    }

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) nread;

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Reads a block directly into application data space.  This is for
   unformatted files.  */

static void
read_block_direct (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *buf, size_t *nbytes)
{
  size_t to_read_record;
  size_t have_read_record;
  size_t to_read_subrecord;
  size_t have_read_subrecord;
  int short_record;

  if (is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      to_read_record = *nbytes;
      have_read_record = to_read_record;
      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf, &have_read_record)
		    != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) have_read_record; 

      if (unlikely (to_read_record != have_read_record))
	{
	  /* Short read,  e.g. if we hit EOF.  For stream files,
	   we have to set the end-of-file condition.  */
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	  return;
	}
      return;
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT)
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left < (gfc_offset) *nbytes)
	{
	  short_record = 1;
	  to_read_record = (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	  *nbytes = to_read_record;
	}

      else
	{
	  short_record = 0;
	  to_read_record = *nbytes;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= to_read_record;

      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf, &to_read_record)
		    != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return;
	}

      if (to_read_record != *nbytes)  
	{
	  /* Short read, e.g. if we hit EOF.  Apparently, we read
	   more than was written to the last record.  */
	  *nbytes = to_read_record;
	  return;
	}

      if (unlikely (short_record))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_SHORT_RECORD, NULL);
	  return;
	}
      return;
    }

  /* Unformatted sequential.  We loop over the subrecords, reading
     until the request has been fulfilled or the record has run out
     of continuation subrecords.  */

  if (unlikely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile == AT_ENDFILE))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
      return;
    }

  /* Check whether we exceed the total record length.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.has_recl
      && (*nbytes > (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left))
    {
      to_read_record = (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
      short_record = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      to_read_record = *nbytes;
      short_record = 0;
    }
  have_read_record = 0;

  while(1)
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord
	  < (gfc_offset) to_read_record)
	{
	  to_read_subrecord = (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord;
	  to_read_record -= to_read_subrecord;
	}
      else
	{
	  to_read_subrecord = to_read_record;
	  to_read_record = 0;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord -= to_read_subrecord;

      have_read_subrecord = to_read_subrecord;
      if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf + have_read_record,
			   &have_read_subrecord) != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return;
	}

      have_read_record += have_read_subrecord;

      if (unlikely (to_read_subrecord != have_read_subrecord))
			
	{
	  /* Short read, e.g. if we hit EOF.  This means the record
	     structure has been corrupted, or the trailing record
	     marker would still be present.  */

	  *nbytes = have_read_record;
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_CORRUPT_FILE, NULL);
	  return;
	}

      if (to_read_record > 0)
	{
	  if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued))
	    {
	      next_record_r_unf (dtp, 0);
	      us_read (dtp, 1);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Let's make sure the file position is correctly pre-positioned
		 for the next read statement.  */

	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 0;
	      next_record_r_unf (dtp, 0);
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_SHORT_RECORD, NULL);
	      return;
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Normal exit, the read request has been fulfilled.  */
	  break;
	}
    }

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= have_read_record;
  if (unlikely (short_record))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_SHORT_RECORD, NULL);
      return;
    }
  return;
}


/* Function for writing a block of bytes to the current file at the
   current position, advancing the file pointer. We are given a length
   and return a pointer to a buffer that the caller must (completely)
   fill in.  Returns NULL on error.  */

void *
write_block (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int length)
{
  char *dest;

  if (!is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left < (gfc_offset) length)
	{
	  /* For preconnected units with default record length, set bytes left
	     to unit record length and proceed, otherwise error.  */
	  if (likely ((dtp->u.p.current_unit->unit_number
		       == options.stdout_unit
		       || dtp->u.p.current_unit->unit_number
		       == options.stderr_unit)
		      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl == DEFAULT_RECL))
	    dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	  else
	    {
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_EOR, NULL);
	      return NULL;
	    }
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= (gfc_offset) length;
    }

  if (is_internal_unit (dtp))
    {
    dest = salloc_w (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &length);

    if (dest == NULL)
      {
        generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
        return NULL;
      }

    if (unlikely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile == AT_ENDFILE))
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
    }
  else
    {
      dest = fbuf_alloc (dtp->u.p.current_unit, length);
      if (dest == NULL)
        {
          generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
          return NULL;
        }
    }
    
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
    dtp->u.p.size_used += (GFC_IO_INT) length;

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) length;

  return dest;
}


/* High level interface to swrite(), taking care of errors.  This is only
   called for unformatted files.  There are three cases to consider:
   Stream I/O, unformatted direct, unformatted sequential.  */

static try
write_buf (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *buf, size_t nbytes)
{

  size_t have_written, to_write_subrecord;
  int short_record;

  /* Stream I/O.  */

  if (is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      if (unlikely (swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf, &nbytes) != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return FAILURE;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) nbytes; 

      return SUCCESS;
    }

  /* Unformatted direct access.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT)
    {
      if (unlikely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left < (gfc_offset) nbytes))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_DIRECT_EOR, NULL);
	  return FAILURE;
	}

      if (buf == NULL && nbytes == 0)
	return SUCCESS;

      if (unlikely (swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf, &nbytes) != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return FAILURE;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) nbytes;
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= (gfc_offset) nbytes;

      return SUCCESS;
    }

  /* Unformatted sequential.  */

  have_written = 0;

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.has_recl
      && (gfc_offset) nbytes > dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left)
    {
      nbytes = dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
      short_record = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      short_record = 0;
    }

  while (1)
    {

      to_write_subrecord =
	(size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord < nbytes ?
	(size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord : nbytes;

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord -=
	(gfc_offset) to_write_subrecord;

      if (unlikely (swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, buf + have_written,
			    &to_write_subrecord) != 0))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return FAILURE;
	}

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += (gfc_offset) to_write_subrecord; 
      nbytes -= to_write_subrecord;
      have_written += to_write_subrecord;

      if (nbytes == 0)
	break;

      next_record_w_unf (dtp, 1);
      us_write (dtp, 1);
    }
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= have_written;
  if (unlikely (short_record))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_SHORT_RECORD, NULL);
      return FAILURE;
    }
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Master function for unformatted reads.  */

static void
unformatted_read (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt type,
		  void *dest, int kind, size_t size, size_t nelems)
{
  size_t i, sz;

  if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.convert == GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE)
      || kind == 1)
    {
      sz = size * nelems;
      if (type == BT_CHARACTER)
	sz *= GFC_SIZE_OF_CHAR_KIND(kind);
      read_block_direct (dtp, dest, &sz);
    }
  else
    {
      char buffer[16];
      char *p;

      p = dest;

      /* Handle wide chracters.  */
      if (type == BT_CHARACTER && kind != 1)
	{
	  nelems *= size;
	  size = kind;
	}

      /* Break up complex into its constituent reals.  */
      if (type == BT_COMPLEX)
	{
	  nelems *= 2;
	  size /= 2;
	}
      
      /* By now, all complex variables have been split into their
	 constituent reals.  */
      
      for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++)
	{
 	  read_block_direct (dtp, buffer, &size);
 	  reverse_memcpy (p, buffer, size);
 	  p += size;
 	}
    }
}


/* Master function for unformatted writes.  NOTE: For kind=10 the size is 16
   bytes on 64 bit machines.  The unused bytes are not initialized and never
   used, which can show an error with memory checking analyzers like
   valgrind.  */

static void
unformatted_write (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt type,
		   void *source, int kind, size_t size, size_t nelems)
{
  if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.convert == GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE) 
      || kind == 1)
    {
      size_t stride = type == BT_CHARACTER ?
		  size * GFC_SIZE_OF_CHAR_KIND(kind) : size;

      write_buf (dtp, source, stride * nelems);
    }
  else
    {
      char buffer[16];
      char *p;
      size_t i;

      p = source;

      /* Handle wide chracters.  */
      if (type == BT_CHARACTER && kind != 1)
	{
	  nelems *= size;
	  size = kind;
	}
  
      /* Break up complex into its constituent reals.  */
      if (type == BT_COMPLEX)
	{
	  nelems *= 2;
	  size /= 2;
	}      

      /* By now, all complex variables have been split into their
	 constituent reals.  */

      for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++)
	{
	  reverse_memcpy(buffer, p, size);
 	  p += size;
	  write_buf (dtp, buffer, size);
	}
    }
}


/* Return a pointer to the name of a type.  */

const char *
type_name (bt type)
{
  const char *p;

  switch (type)
    {
    case BT_INTEGER:
      p = "INTEGER";
      break;
    case BT_LOGICAL:
      p = "LOGICAL";
      break;
    case BT_CHARACTER:
      p = "CHARACTER";
      break;
    case BT_REAL:
      p = "REAL";
      break;
    case BT_COMPLEX:
      p = "COMPLEX";
      break;
    default:
      internal_error (NULL, "type_name(): Bad type");
    }

  return p;
}


/* Write a constant string to the output.
   This is complicated because the string can have doubled delimiters
   in it.  The length in the format node is the true length.  */

static void
write_constant_string (st_parameter_dt *dtp, const fnode *f)
{
  char c, delimiter, *p, *q;
  int length; 

  length = f->u.string.length;
  if (length == 0)
    return;

  p = write_block (dtp, length);
  if (p == NULL)
    return;
    
  q = f->u.string.p;
  delimiter = q[-1];

  for (; length > 0; length--)
    {
      c = *p++ = *q++;
      if (c == delimiter && c != 'H' && c != 'h')
	q++;			/* Skip the doubled delimiter.  */
    }
}


/* Given actual and expected types in a formatted data transfer, make
   sure they agree.  If not, an error message is generated.  Returns
   nonzero if something went wrong.  */

static int
require_type (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt expected, bt actual, const fnode *f)
{
  char buffer[100];

  if (actual == expected)
    return 0;

  sprintf (buffer, "Expected %s for item %d in formatted transfer, got %s",
	   type_name (expected), dtp->u.p.item_count, type_name (actual));

  format_error (dtp, f, buffer);
  return 1;
}


/* This subroutine is the main loop for a formatted data transfer
   statement.  It would be natural to implement this as a coroutine
   with the user program, but C makes that awkward.  We loop,
   processing format elements.  When we actually have to transfer
   data instead of just setting flags, we return control to the user
   program which calls a subroutine that supplies the address and type
   of the next element, then comes back here to process it.  */

static void
formatted_transfer_scalar (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt type, void *p, int kind,
			   size_t size)
{
  char scratch[SCRATCH_SIZE];
  int pos, bytes_used;
  const fnode *f;
  format_token t;
  int n;
  int consume_data_flag;

  /* Change a complex data item into a pair of reals.  */

  n = (p == NULL) ? 0 : ((type != BT_COMPLEX) ? 1 : 2);
  if (type == BT_COMPLEX)
    {
      type = BT_REAL;
      size /= 2;
    }

  /* If there's an EOR condition, we simulate finalizing the transfer
     by doing nothing.  */
  if (dtp->u.p.eor_condition)
    return;

  /* Set this flag so that commas in reads cause the read to complete before
     the entire field has been read.  The next read field will start right after
     the comma in the stream.  (Set to 0 for character reads).  */
  dtp->u.p.sf_read_comma =
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status == DECIMAL_COMMA ? 0 : 1;

  dtp->u.p.line_buffer = scratch;

  for (;;)
    {
      /* If reversion has occurred and there is another real data item,
	 then we have to move to the next record.  */
      if (dtp->u.p.reversion_flag && n > 0)
	{
	  dtp->u.p.reversion_flag = 0;
	  next_record (dtp, 0);
	}

      consume_data_flag = 1;
      if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
	break;

      f = next_format (dtp);
      if (f == NULL)
	{
	  /* No data descriptors left.  */
	  if (unlikely (n > 0))
	    generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_FORMAT,
		"Insufficient data descriptors in format after reversion");
	  return;
	}

      /* Now discharge T, TR and X movements to the right.  This is delayed
	 until a data producing format to suppress trailing spaces.  */
	 
      t = f->format;
      if (dtp->u.p.mode == WRITING && dtp->u.p.skips != 0
	&& ((n>0 && (  t == FMT_I  || t == FMT_B  || t == FMT_O
		    || t == FMT_Z  || t == FMT_F  || t == FMT_E
		    || t == FMT_EN || t == FMT_ES || t == FMT_G
		    || t == FMT_L  || t == FMT_A  || t == FMT_D))
	    || t == FMT_STRING))
	{
	  if (dtp->u.p.skips > 0)
	    {
	      int tmp;
	      write_x (dtp, dtp->u.p.skips, dtp->u.p.pending_spaces);
	      tmp = (int)(dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl
			  - dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left);
	      dtp->u.p.max_pos = 
		dtp->u.p.max_pos > tmp ? dtp->u.p.max_pos : tmp;
	    }
	  if (dtp->u.p.skips < 0)
	    {
              if (is_internal_unit (dtp))  
	        move_pos_offset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, dtp->u.p.skips);
              else
                fbuf_seek (dtp->u.p.current_unit, dtp->u.p.skips);
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= (gfc_offset) dtp->u.p.skips;
	    }
	  dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = 0;
	}

      bytes_used = (int)(dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl
		   - dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left);

      if (is_stream_io(dtp))
	bytes_used = 0;

      switch (t)
	{
	case FMT_I:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_INTEGER, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_decimal (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_i (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_B:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;

	  if (compile_options.allow_std < GFC_STD_GNU
              && require_type (dtp, BT_INTEGER, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_radix (dtp, f, p, kind, 2);
	  else
	    write_b (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_O:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data; 

	  if (compile_options.allow_std < GFC_STD_GNU
              && require_type (dtp, BT_INTEGER, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_radix (dtp, f, p, kind, 8);
	  else
	    write_o (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_Z:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;

	  if (compile_options.allow_std < GFC_STD_GNU
              && require_type (dtp, BT_INTEGER, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_radix (dtp, f, p, kind, 16);
	  else
	    write_z (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_A:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;

	  /* It is possible to have FMT_A with something not BT_CHARACTER such
	     as when writing out hollerith strings, so check both type
	     and kind before calling wide character routines.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    {
	      if (type == BT_CHARACTER && kind == 4)
		read_a_char4 (dtp, f, p, size);
	      else
		read_a (dtp, f, p, size);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (type == BT_CHARACTER && kind == 4)
		write_a_char4 (dtp, f, p, size);
	      else
		write_a (dtp, f, p, size);
	    }
	  break;

	case FMT_L:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_l (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_l (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_D:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_REAL, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_d (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_E:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_REAL, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_e (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  break;

	case FMT_EN:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_REAL, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_en (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_ES:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_REAL, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_es (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_F:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (require_type (dtp, BT_REAL, type, f))
	    return;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
	  else
	    write_f (dtp, f, p, kind);

	  break;

	case FMT_G:
	  if (n == 0)
	    goto need_data;
	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    switch (type)
	      {
	      case BT_INTEGER:
		read_decimal (dtp, f, p, kind);
		break;
	      case BT_LOGICAL:
		read_l (dtp, f, p, kind);
		break;
	      case BT_CHARACTER:
		if (kind == 4)
		  read_a_char4 (dtp, f, p, size);
		else
		  read_a (dtp, f, p, size);
		break;
	      case BT_REAL:
		read_f (dtp, f, p, kind);
		break;
	      default:
		goto bad_type;
	      }
	  else
	    switch (type)
	      {
	      case BT_INTEGER:
		write_i (dtp, f, p, kind);
		break;
	      case BT_LOGICAL:
		write_l (dtp, f, p, kind);	
		break;
	      case BT_CHARACTER:
		if (kind == 4)
		  write_a_char4 (dtp, f, p, size);
		else
		  write_a (dtp, f, p, size);
		break;
	      case BT_REAL:
		if (f->u.real.w == 0)
		  write_real_g0 (dtp, p, kind, f->u.real.d);
		else
		  write_d (dtp, f, p, kind);
		break;
	      default:
	      bad_type:
		internal_error (&dtp->common,
				"formatted_transfer(): Bad type");
	      }

	  break;

	case FMT_STRING:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    {
	      format_error (dtp, f, "Constant string in input format");
	      return;
	    }
	  write_constant_string (dtp, f);
	  break;

	/* Format codes that don't transfer data.  */
	case FMT_X:
	case FMT_TR:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;

	  dtp->u.p.skips += f->u.n;
	  pos = bytes_used + dtp->u.p.skips - 1;
	  dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = pos - dtp->u.p.max_pos + 1;

	  /* Writes occur just before the switch on f->format, above, so
	     that trailing blanks are suppressed, unless we are doing a
	     non-advancing write in which case we want to output the blanks
	     now.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == WRITING
	      && dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_NO)
	    {
	      write_x (dtp, dtp->u.p.skips, dtp->u.p.pending_spaces);
	      dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = 0;
	    }

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    read_x (dtp, f->u.n);

	  break;

	case FMT_TL:
	case FMT_T:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;

	  if (f->format == FMT_TL)
	    {

	      /* Handle the special case when no bytes have been used yet.
	         Cannot go below zero. */
	      if (bytes_used == 0)
		{
		  dtp->u.p.pending_spaces -= f->u.n;
		  dtp->u.p.skips -= f->u.n;
		  dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.skips < 0 ? 0 : dtp->u.p.skips;
		}

	      pos = bytes_used - f->u.n;
	    }
	  else /* FMT_T */
	    {
	      if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
		pos = f->u.n - 1;
	      else
		pos = f->u.n - dtp->u.p.pending_spaces - 1;
	    }

	  /* Standard 10.6.1.1: excessive left tabbing is reset to the
	     left tab limit.  We do not check if the position has gone
	     beyond the end of record because a subsequent tab could
	     bring us back again.  */
	  pos = pos < 0 ? 0 : pos;

	  dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.skips + pos - bytes_used;
	  dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces
				    + pos - dtp->u.p.max_pos;
	  dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces < 0
				    ? 0 : dtp->u.p.pending_spaces;

	  if (dtp->u.p.skips == 0)
	    break;

	  /* Writes occur just before the switch on f->format, above, so that
	     trailing blanks are suppressed.  */
	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    {
	      /* Adjust everything for end-of-record condition */
	      if (dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor && !is_internal_unit (dtp))
		{
		  if (dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor == 2)
		    {
		      /* The EOR was a CRLF (two bytes wide).  */
		      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left -= 2;
		      dtp->u.p.skips -= 2;
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      /* The EOR marker was only one byte wide.  */
		      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left--;
		      dtp->u.p.skips--;
		    }
		  bytes_used = pos;
		  dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor = 0;
		}
	      if (dtp->u.p.skips < 0)
		{
		  move_pos_offset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, dtp->u.p.skips);
		  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left
		    -= (gfc_offset) dtp->u.p.skips;
		  dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = 0;
		}
	      else
		read_x (dtp, dtp->u.p.skips);
	    }

	  break;

	case FMT_S:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.sign_status = SIGN_S;
	  break;

	case FMT_SS:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.sign_status = SIGN_SS;
	  break;

	case FMT_SP:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.sign_status = SIGN_SP;
	  break;

	case FMT_BN:
	  consume_data_flag = 0 ;
	  dtp->u.p.blank_status = BLANK_NULL;
	  break;

	case FMT_BZ:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.blank_status = BLANK_ZERO;
	  break;

	case FMT_DC:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status = DECIMAL_COMMA;
	  break;

	case FMT_DP:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status = DECIMAL_POINT;
	  break;

	case FMT_P:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.scale_factor = f->u.k;
	  break;

	case FMT_DOLLAR:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.seen_dollar = 1;
	  break;

	case FMT_SLASH:
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = 0;
	  next_record (dtp, 0);
	  break;

	case FMT_COLON:
	  /* A colon descriptor causes us to exit this loop (in
	     particular preventing another / descriptor from being
	     processed) unless there is another data item to be
	     transferred.  */
	  consume_data_flag = 0;
	  if (n == 0)
	    return;
	  break;

	default:
	  internal_error (&dtp->common, "Bad format node");
	}

      /* Free a buffer that we had to allocate during a sequential
	 formatted read of a block that was larger than the static
	 buffer.  */

      if (dtp->u.p.line_buffer != scratch)
	{
	  free_mem (dtp->u.p.line_buffer);
	  dtp->u.p.line_buffer = scratch;
	}

      /* Adjust the item count and data pointer.  */

      if ((consume_data_flag > 0) && (n > 0))
      {
	n--;
	p = ((char *) p) + size;
      }

      if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	dtp->u.p.skips = 0;

      pos = (int)(dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl - dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left);
      dtp->u.p.max_pos = (dtp->u.p.max_pos > pos) ? dtp->u.p.max_pos : pos;

    }

  return;

  /* Come here when we need a data descriptor but don't have one.  We
     push the current format node back onto the input, then return and
     let the user program call us back with the data.  */
 need_data:
  unget_format (dtp, f);
}

static void
formatted_transfer (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt type, void *p, int kind,
		    size_t size, size_t nelems)
{
  size_t elem;
  char *tmp;

  tmp = (char *) p;
  size_t stride = type == BT_CHARACTER ?
		  size * GFC_SIZE_OF_CHAR_KIND(kind) : size;
  /* Big loop over all the elements.  */
  for (elem = 0; elem < nelems; elem++)
    {
      dtp->u.p.item_count++;
      formatted_transfer_scalar (dtp, type, tmp + stride*elem, kind, size);
    }
}



/* Data transfer entry points.  The type of the data entity is
   implicit in the subroutine call.  This prevents us from having to
   share a common enum with the compiler.  */

void
transfer_integer (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int kind)
{
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_INTEGER, p, kind, kind, 1);
}


void
transfer_real (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int kind)
{
  size_t size;
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;
  size = size_from_real_kind (kind);
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_REAL, p, kind, size, 1);
}


void
transfer_logical (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int kind)
{
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_LOGICAL, p, kind, kind, 1);
}


void
transfer_character (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int len)
{
  static char *empty_string[0];

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;

  /* Strings of zero length can have p == NULL, which confuses the
     transfer routines into thinking we need more data elements.  To avoid
     this, we give them a nice pointer.  */
  if (len == 0 && p == NULL)
    p = empty_string;

  /* Set kind here to 1.  */
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_CHARACTER, p, 1, len, 1);
}

void
transfer_character_wide (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int len, int kind)
{
  static char *empty_string[0];

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;

  /* Strings of zero length can have p == NULL, which confuses the
     transfer routines into thinking we need more data elements.  To avoid
     this, we give them a nice pointer.  */
  if (len == 0 && p == NULL)
    p = empty_string;

  /* Here we pass the actual kind value.  */
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_CHARACTER, p, kind, len, 1);
}


void
transfer_complex (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *p, int kind)
{
  size_t size;
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;
  size = size_from_complex_kind (kind);
  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, BT_COMPLEX, p, kind, size, 1);
}


void
transfer_array (st_parameter_dt *dtp, gfc_array_char *desc, int kind,
		gfc_charlen_type charlen)
{
  index_type count[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  index_type extent[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  index_type stride[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  index_type stride0, rank, size, type, n;
  size_t tsize;
  char *data;
  bt iotype;

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;

  type = GFC_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE (desc);
  size = GFC_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE (desc);

  /* FIXME: What a kludge: Array descriptors and the IO library use
     different enums for types.  */
  switch (type)
    {
    case GFC_DTYPE_UNKNOWN:
      iotype = BT_NULL;  /* Is this correct?  */
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_INTEGER:
      iotype = BT_INTEGER;
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_LOGICAL:
      iotype = BT_LOGICAL;
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_REAL:
      iotype = BT_REAL;
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_COMPLEX:
      iotype = BT_COMPLEX;
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_CHARACTER:
      iotype = BT_CHARACTER;
      size = charlen;
      break;
    case GFC_DTYPE_DERIVED:
      internal_error (&dtp->common,
		"Derived type I/O should have been handled via the frontend.");
      break;
    default:
      internal_error (&dtp->common, "transfer_array(): Bad type");
    }

  rank = GFC_DESCRIPTOR_RANK (desc);
  for (n = 0; n < rank; n++)
    {
      count[n] = 0;
      stride[n] = iotype == BT_CHARACTER ?
		  desc->dim[n].stride * GFC_SIZE_OF_CHAR_KIND(kind) :
		  desc->dim[n].stride;
      extent[n] = desc->dim[n].ubound + 1 - desc->dim[n].lbound;

      /* If the extent of even one dimension is zero, then the entire
	 array section contains zero elements, so we return after writing
	 a zero array record.  */
      if (extent[n] <= 0)
	{
	  data = NULL;
	  tsize = 0;
	  dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, iotype, data, kind, size, tsize);
	  return;
	}
    }

  stride0 = stride[0];

  /* If the innermost dimension has stride 1, we can do the transfer
     in contiguous chunks.  */
  if (stride0 == 1)
    tsize = extent[0];
  else
    tsize = 1;

  data = GFC_DESCRIPTOR_DATA (desc);

  while (data)
    {
      dtp->u.p.transfer (dtp, iotype, data, kind, size, tsize);
      data += stride0 * size * tsize;
      count[0] += tsize;
      n = 0;
      while (count[n] == extent[n])
	{
	  count[n] = 0;
	  data -= stride[n] * extent[n] * size;
	  n++;
	  if (n == rank)
	    {
	      data = NULL;
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      count[n]++;
	      data += stride[n] * size;
	    }
	}
    }
}


/* Preposition a sequential unformatted file while reading.  */

static void
us_read (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int continued)
{
  size_t n, nr;
  GFC_INTEGER_4 i4;
  GFC_INTEGER_8 i8;
  gfc_offset i;

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile == AT_ENDFILE)
    return;

  if (compile_options.record_marker == 0)
    n = sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4);
  else
    n = compile_options.record_marker;

  nr = n;

  if (unlikely (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &i, &n) != 0))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_US, NULL);
      return;
    }

  if (n == 0)
    {
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;
      return;  /* end of file */
    }

  if (unlikely (n != nr))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_US, NULL);
      return;
    }

  /* Only GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE and GFC_CONVERT_SWAP are valid here.  */
  if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.convert == GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE))
    {
      switch (nr)
	{
	case sizeof(GFC_INTEGER_4):
	  memcpy (&i4, &i, sizeof (i4));
	  i = i4;
	  break;

	case sizeof(GFC_INTEGER_8):
	  memcpy (&i8, &i, sizeof (i8));
	  i = i8;
	  break;

	default:
	  runtime_error ("Illegal value for record marker");
	  break;
	}
    }
  else
      switch (nr)
	{
	case sizeof(GFC_INTEGER_4):
	  reverse_memcpy (&i4, &i, sizeof (i4));
	  i = i4;
	  break;

	case sizeof(GFC_INTEGER_8):
	  reverse_memcpy (&i8, &i, sizeof (i8));
	  i = i8;
	  break;

	default:
	  runtime_error ("Illegal value for record marker");
	  break;
	}

  if (i >= 0)
    {
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord = i;
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord = -i;
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued = 1;
    }

  if (! continued)
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
}


/* Preposition a sequential unformatted file while writing.  This
   amount to writing a bogus length that will be filled in later.  */

static void
us_write (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int continued)
{
  size_t nbytes;
  gfc_offset dummy;

  dummy = 0;

  if (compile_options.record_marker == 0)
    nbytes = sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4);
  else
    nbytes = compile_options.record_marker ;

  if (swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &dummy, &nbytes) != 0)
    generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);

  /* For sequential unformatted, if RECL= was not specified in the OPEN
     we write until we have more bytes than can fit in the subrecord
     markers, then we write a new subrecord.  */

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord =
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl_subrecord;
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued = continued;
}


/* Position to the next record prior to transfer.  We are assumed to
   be before the next record.  We also calculate the bytes in the next
   record.  */

static void
pre_position (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record)
    return;			/* Already positioned.  */

  switch (current_mode (dtp))
    {
    case FORMATTED_STREAM:
    case UNFORMATTED_STREAM:
      /* There are no records with stream I/O.  If the position was specified
	 data_transfer_init has already positioned the file. If no position
	 was specified, we continue from where we last left off.  I.e.
	 there is nothing to do here.  */
      break;
    
    case UNFORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:
      if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	us_read (dtp, 0);
      else
	us_write (dtp, 0);

      break;

    case FORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:
    case FORMATTED_DIRECT:
    case UNFORMATTED_DIRECT:
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
      break;
    }

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 1;
}


/* Initialize things for a data transfer.  This code is common for
   both reading and writing.  */

static void
data_transfer_init (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int read_flag)
{
  unit_flags u_flags;  /* Used for creating a unit if needed.  */
  GFC_INTEGER_4 cf = dtp->common.flags;
  namelist_info *ionml;

  ionml = ((cf & IOPARM_DT_IONML_SET) != 0) ? dtp->u.p.ionml : NULL;

  memset (&dtp->u.p, 0, sizeof (dtp->u.p));

  dtp->u.p.ionml = ionml;
  dtp->u.p.mode = read_flag ? READING : WRITING;

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;

  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
    dtp->u.p.size_used = 0;  /* Initialize the count.  */

  dtp->u.p.current_unit = get_unit (dtp, 1);
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s == NULL)
  {  /* Open the unit with some default flags.  */
     st_parameter_open opp;
     unit_convert conv;

    if (dtp->common.unit < 0)
      {
	close_unit (dtp->u.p.current_unit);
	dtp->u.p.current_unit = NULL;
	generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			"Bad unit number in OPEN statement");
	return;
      }
    memset (&u_flags, '\0', sizeof (u_flags));
    u_flags.access = ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL;
    u_flags.action = ACTION_READWRITE;

    /* Is it unformatted?  */
    if (!(cf & (IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT | IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT
		| IOPARM_DT_IONML_SET)))
      u_flags.form = FORM_UNFORMATTED;
    else
      u_flags.form = FORM_UNSPECIFIED;

    u_flags.delim = DELIM_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.blank = BLANK_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.pad = PAD_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.decimal = DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.encoding = ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.async = ASYNC_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.round = ROUND_UNSPECIFIED;
    u_flags.sign = SIGN_UNSPECIFIED;

    u_flags.status = STATUS_UNKNOWN;

    conv = get_unformatted_convert (dtp->common.unit);

    if (conv == GFC_CONVERT_NONE)
      conv = compile_options.convert;

    /* We use big_endian, which is 0 on little-endian machines
       and 1 on big-endian machines.  */
    switch (conv)
      {
	case GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE:
	case GFC_CONVERT_SWAP:
	  break;
	 
	case GFC_CONVERT_BIG:
	  conv = big_endian ? GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE : GFC_CONVERT_SWAP;
	  break;
      
	case GFC_CONVERT_LITTLE:
	  conv = big_endian ? GFC_CONVERT_SWAP : GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE;
	  break;
	 
	default:
	  internal_error (&opp.common, "Illegal value for CONVERT");
	  break;
      }

     u_flags.convert = conv;

     opp.common = dtp->common;
     opp.common.flags &= IOPARM_COMMON_MASK;
     dtp->u.p.current_unit = new_unit (&opp, dtp->u.p.current_unit, &u_flags);
     dtp->common.flags &= ~IOPARM_COMMON_MASK;
     dtp->common.flags |= (opp.common.flags & IOPARM_COMMON_MASK);
     if (dtp->u.p.current_unit == NULL)
       return;
  }

  /* Check the action.  */

  if (read_flag && dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.action == ACTION_WRITE)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_ACTION,
		      "Cannot read from file opened for WRITE");
      return;
    }

  if (!read_flag && dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.action == ACTION_READ)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_ACTION,
		      "Cannot write to file opened for READ");
      return;
    }

  dtp->u.p.first_item = 1;

  /* Check the format.  */

  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT) != 0)
    parse_format (dtp);

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED
      && (cf & (IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT | IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT))
	 != 0)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		      "Format present for UNFORMATTED data transfer");
      return;
    }

  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_NAMELIST_NAME) != 0 && dtp->u.p.ionml != NULL)
     {
	if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT) != 0)
	   generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		    "A format cannot be specified with a namelist");
     }
  else if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED &&
	   !(cf & (IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT | IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT)))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		      "Missing format for FORMATTED data transfer");
    }

  if (is_internal_unit (dtp)
      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		      "Internal file cannot be accessed by UNFORMATTED "
		      "data transfer");
      return;
    }

  /* Check the record number.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT
      && (cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_REC) == 0)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_MISSING_OPTION,
		      "Direct access data transfer requires record number");
      return;
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL
      && (cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_REC) != 0)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		      "Record number not allowed for sequential access "
		      "data transfer");
      return;
    }

  /* Process the ADVANCE option.  */

  dtp->u.p.advance_status
    = !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_ADVANCE) ? ADVANCE_UNSPECIFIED :
      find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->advance, dtp->advance_len, advance_opt,
		   "Bad ADVANCE parameter in data transfer statement");

  if (dtp->u.p.advance_status != ADVANCE_UNSPECIFIED)
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "ADVANCE specification conflicts with sequential "
			  "access");
	  return;
	}

      if (is_internal_unit (dtp))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "ADVANCE specification conflicts with internal file");
	  return;
	}

      if ((cf & (IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT | IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT))
	  != IOPARM_DT_HAS_FORMAT)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "ADVANCE specification requires an explicit format");
	  return;
	}
    }

  if (read_flag)
    {
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->previous_nonadvancing_write = 0;

      if ((cf & IOPARM_EOR) != 0 && dtp->u.p.advance_status != ADVANCE_NO)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_MISSING_OPTION,
			  "EOR specification requires an ADVANCE specification "
			  "of NO");
	  return;
	}

      if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0 
	  && dtp->u.p.advance_status != ADVANCE_NO)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_MISSING_OPTION,
			  "SIZE specification requires an ADVANCE "
			  "specification of NO");
	  return;
	}
    }
  else
    {				/* Write constraints.  */
      if ((cf & IOPARM_END) != 0)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "END specification cannot appear in a write "
			  "statement");
	  return;
	}

      if ((cf & IOPARM_EOR) != 0)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "EOR specification cannot appear in a write "
			  "statement");
	  return;
	}

      if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
			  "SIZE specification cannot appear in a write "
			  "statement");
	  return;
	}
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_UNSPECIFIED)
    dtp->u.p.advance_status = ADVANCE_YES;

  /* Check the decimal mode.  */
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status
	= !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_DECIMAL) ? DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED :
	  find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->decimal, dtp->decimal_len,
			decimal_opt, "Bad DECIMAL parameter in data transfer "
			"statement");

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status == DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED)
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->decimal_status = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.decimal;

  /* Check the sign mode. */
  dtp->u.p.sign_status
	= !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIGN) ? SIGN_UNSPECIFIED :
	  find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->sign, dtp->sign_len, sign_opt,
			"Bad SIGN parameter in data transfer statement");
  
  if (dtp->u.p.sign_status == SIGN_UNSPECIFIED)
	dtp->u.p.sign_status = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.sign;

  /* Check the blank mode.  */
  dtp->u.p.blank_status
	= !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_BLANK) ? BLANK_UNSPECIFIED :
	  find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->blank, dtp->blank_len,
			blank_opt,
			"Bad BLANK parameter in data transfer statement");
  
  if (dtp->u.p.blank_status == BLANK_UNSPECIFIED)
	dtp->u.p.blank_status = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.blank;

  /* Check the delim mode.  */
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->delim_status
	= !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_DELIM) ? DELIM_UNSPECIFIED :
	  find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->delim, dtp->delim_len,
	  delim_opt, "Bad DELIM parameter in data transfer statement");
  
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->delim_status == DELIM_UNSPECIFIED)
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->delim_status = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.delim;

  /* Check the pad mode.  */
  dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status
	= !(cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_PAD) ? PAD_UNSPECIFIED :
	  find_option (&dtp->common, dtp->pad, dtp->pad_len, pad_opt,
			"Bad PAD parameter in data transfer statement");
  
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status == PAD_UNSPECIFIED)
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->pad_status = dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.pad;
  
  /* Check the POS= specifier: that it is in range and that it is used with a
     unit that has been connected for STREAM access. F2003 9.5.1.10.  */
  
  if (((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_POS) != 0))
    {
      if (is_stream_io (dtp))
	{

	  if (dtp->pos <= 0)
	    {
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			      "POS=specifier must be positive");
	      return;
	    }

	  if (dtp->pos >= dtp->u.p.current_unit->maxrec)
	    {
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			      "POS=specifier too large");
	      return;
	    }

	  dtp->rec = dtp->pos;

	  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
	    {
	      /* Required for compatibility between 4.3 and 4.4 runtime. Check
	      to see if we might be reading what we wrote before  */
	      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->mode == WRITING)
		{
		  fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 1);      
		  flush(dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
		}

	      if (dtp->pos < file_length (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s))
		dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = NO_ENDFILE;
	    }

	  if (dtp->pos != dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos)
	    {
	      fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 1);
	      flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, dtp->pos - 1) == FAILURE)
		{
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
		  return;
		}
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos = dtp->pos;
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			  "POS=specifier not allowed, "
			  "Try OPEN with ACCESS='stream'");
	  return;
	}
    }

  /* Sanity checks on the record number.  */
  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_REC) != 0)
    {
      if (dtp->rec <= 0)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			  "Record number must be positive");
	  return;
	}

      if (dtp->rec >= dtp->u.p.current_unit->maxrec)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			  "Record number too large");
	  return;
	}

      /* Check to see if we might be reading what we wrote before  */

      if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING
	  && dtp->u.p.current_unit->mode == WRITING
	  && !is_internal_unit (dtp))
	{
	  fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 1);      
	  flush(dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	}

      /* Check whether the record exists to be read.  Only
	 a partial record needs to exist.  */

      if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING && (dtp->rec - 1)
	  * dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl >= file_length (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			  "Non-existing record number");
	  return;
	}

      /* Position the file.  */
      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, (gfc_offset) (dtp->rec - 1)
		 * dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl) == FAILURE)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  return;
	}

      /* TODO: This is required to maintain compatibility between
	 4.3 and 4.4 runtime. Remove when ABI changes from 4.3 */

      if (is_stream_io (dtp))
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos = dtp->rec;
      
      /* TODO: Un-comment this code when ABI changes from 4.3.
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_STREAM)
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT,
		      "Record number not allowed for stream access "
		      "data transfer");
	  return;
	}  */

    }

  /* Overwriting an existing sequential file ?
     it is always safe to truncate the file on the first write */
  if (dtp->u.p.mode == WRITING
      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL
      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->last_record == 0 
      && !is_preconnected(dtp->u.p.current_unit->s))
	struncate(dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);

  /* Bugware for badly written mixed C-Fortran I/O.  */
  flush_if_preconnected(dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->mode = dtp->u.p.mode;

  /* Set the maximum position reached from the previous I/O operation.  This
     could be greater than zero from a previous non-advancing write.  */
  dtp->u.p.max_pos = dtp->u.p.current_unit->saved_pos;

  pre_position (dtp);
  

  /* Set up the subroutine that will handle the transfers.  */

  if (read_flag)
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED)
	dtp->u.p.transfer = unformatted_read;
      else
	{
	  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT) != 0)
	    dtp->u.p.transfer = list_formatted_read;
	  else
	    dtp->u.p.transfer = formatted_transfer;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED)
	dtp->u.p.transfer = unformatted_write;
      else
	{
	  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT) != 0)
	    dtp->u.p.transfer = list_formatted_write;
	  else
	    dtp->u.p.transfer = formatted_transfer;
	}
    }

  /* Make sure that we don't do a read after a nonadvancing write.  */

  if (read_flag)
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->read_bad && !is_stream_io (dtp))
	{
	  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION,
			  "Cannot READ after a nonadvancing WRITE");
	  return;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_YES && !dtp->u.p.seen_dollar)
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->read_bad = 1;
    }

  /* Start the data transfer if we are doing a formatted transfer.  */
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED
      && ((cf & (IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT | IOPARM_DT_HAS_NAMELIST_NAME)) == 0)
      && dtp->u.p.ionml == NULL)
    formatted_transfer (dtp, 0, NULL, 0, 0, 1);
}

/* Initialize an array_loop_spec given the array descriptor.  The function
   returns the index of the last element of the array, and also returns
   starting record, where the first I/O goes to (necessary in case of
   negative strides).  */
   
gfc_offset
init_loop_spec (gfc_array_char *desc, array_loop_spec *ls,
		gfc_offset *start_record)
{
  int rank = GFC_DESCRIPTOR_RANK(desc);
  int i;
  gfc_offset index; 
  int empty;

  empty = 0;
  index = 1;
  *start_record = 0;

  for (i=0; i<rank; i++)
    {
      ls[i].idx = desc->dim[i].lbound;
      ls[i].start = desc->dim[i].lbound;
      ls[i].end = desc->dim[i].ubound;
      ls[i].step = desc->dim[i].stride;
      empty = empty || (desc->dim[i].ubound < desc->dim[i].lbound);

      if (desc->dim[i].stride > 0)
	{
	  index += (desc->dim[i].ubound - desc->dim[i].lbound)
	    * desc->dim[i].stride;
	}
      else
	{
	  index -= (desc->dim[i].ubound - desc->dim[i].lbound)
	    * desc->dim[i].stride;
	  *start_record -= (desc->dim[i].ubound - desc->dim[i].lbound)
	    * desc->dim[i].stride;
	}
    }

  if (empty)
    return 0;
  else
    return index;
}

/* Determine the index to the next record in an internal unit array by
   by incrementing through the array_loop_spec.  */
   
gfc_offset
next_array_record (st_parameter_dt *dtp, array_loop_spec *ls, int *finished)
{
  int i, carry;
  gfc_offset index;
  
  carry = 1;
  index = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < dtp->u.p.current_unit->rank; i++)
    {
      if (carry)
        {
          ls[i].idx++;
          if (ls[i].idx > ls[i].end)
            {
              ls[i].idx = ls[i].start;
              carry = 1;
            }
          else
            carry = 0;
        }
      index = index + (ls[i].idx - ls[i].start) * ls[i].step;
    }

  *finished = carry;

  return index;
}



/* Skip to the end of the current record, taking care of an optional
   record marker of size bytes.  If the file is not seekable, we
   read chunks of size MAX_READ until we get to the right
   position.  */

static void
skip_record (st_parameter_dt *dtp, size_t bytes)
{
  gfc_offset new;
  size_t rlength;
  static const size_t MAX_READ = 4096;
  char p[MAX_READ];

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord += bytes;
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord == 0)
    return;

  if (is_seekable (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s))
    {
      new = file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s)
	+ dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord;

      /* Direct access files do not generate END conditions,
	 only I/O errors.  */
      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, new) == FAILURE)
	generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
    }
  else
    {			/* Seek by reading data.  */
      while (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord > 0)
	{
	  rlength = 
	    (MAX_READ > (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord) ?
	    MAX_READ : (size_t) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord;

	  if (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, p, &rlength) != 0)
	    {
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	      return;
	    }

	  dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord -= rlength;
	}
    }

}


/* Advance to the next record reading unformatted files, taking
   care of subrecords.  If complete_record is nonzero, we loop
   until all subrecords are cleared.  */

static void
next_record_r_unf (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int complete_record)
{
  size_t bytes;

  bytes =  compile_options.record_marker == 0 ?
    sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4) : compile_options.record_marker;

  while(1)
    {

      /* Skip over tail */

      skip_record (dtp, bytes);

      if ( ! (complete_record && dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued))
	return;

      us_read (dtp, 1);
    }
}


static inline gfc_offset
min_off (gfc_offset a, gfc_offset b)
{
  return (a < b ? a : b);
}


/* Space to the next record for read mode.  */

static void
next_record_r (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  gfc_offset record;
  int bytes_left;
  size_t length;
  char p;

  switch (current_mode (dtp))
    {
    /* No records in unformatted STREAM I/O.  */
    case UNFORMATTED_STREAM:
      return;
    
    case UNFORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:
      next_record_r_unf (dtp, 1);
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
      break;

    case FORMATTED_DIRECT:
    case UNFORMATTED_DIRECT:
      skip_record (dtp, 0);
      break;

    case FORMATTED_STREAM:
    case FORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:
      length = 1;
      /* sf_read has already terminated input because of an '\n'  */
      if (dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor)
	{
	  dtp->u.p.sf_seen_eor = 0;
	  break;
	}

      if (is_internal_unit (dtp))
	{
	  if (is_array_io (dtp))
	    {
	      int finished;

	      record = next_array_record (dtp, dtp->u.p.current_unit->ls,
					  &finished);

	      /* Now seek to this record.  */
	      record = record * dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, record) == FAILURE)
		{
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_INTERNAL_UNIT, NULL);
		  break;
		}
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	    }
	  else  
	    {
	      bytes_left = (int) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	      bytes_left = min_off (bytes_left, 
		      file_length (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s)
		      - file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s));
	      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, 
			  file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s) 
			  + bytes_left) == FAILURE)
	        {
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_INTERNAL_UNIT, NULL);
		  break;
		}
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left
		= dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	    } 
	  break;
	}
      else do
	{
	  if (sread (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &p, &length) != 0) 
	    {
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	      break;
	    }

	  if (length == 0)
	    {
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;
	      break;
	    }

	  if (is_stream_io (dtp))
	    dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos++;
	}
      while (p != '\n');

      break;
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL
      && !dtp->u.p.namelist_mode
      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile == NO_ENDFILE
      && (file_length (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s) ==
	 file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s)))
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;

}


/* Small utility function to write a record marker, taking care of
   byte swapping and of choosing the correct size.  */

inline static int
write_us_marker (st_parameter_dt *dtp, const gfc_offset buf)
{
  size_t len;
  GFC_INTEGER_4 buf4;
  GFC_INTEGER_8 buf8;
  char p[sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_8)];

  if (compile_options.record_marker == 0)
    len = sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4);
  else
    len = compile_options.record_marker;

  /* Only GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE and GFC_CONVERT_SWAP are valid here.  */
  if (likely (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.convert == GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE))
    {
      switch (len)
	{
	case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4):
	  buf4 = buf;
	  return swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &buf4, &len);
	  break;

	case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_8):
	  buf8 = buf;
	  return swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &buf8, &len);
	  break;

	default:
	  runtime_error ("Illegal value for record marker");
	  break;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      switch (len)
	{
	case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4):
	  buf4 = buf;
	  reverse_memcpy (p, &buf4, sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4));
	  return swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, p, &len);
	  break;

	case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_8):
	  buf8 = buf;
	  reverse_memcpy (p, &buf8, sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_8));
	  return swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, p, &len);
	  break;

	default:
	  runtime_error ("Illegal value for record marker");
	  break;
	}
    }

}

/* Position to the next (sub)record in write mode for
   unformatted sequential files.  */

static void
next_record_w_unf (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int next_subrecord)
{
  gfc_offset c, m, m_write;
  size_t record_marker;

  /* Bytes written.  */
  m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl_subrecord
    - dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left_subrecord;
  c = file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);

  /* Write the length tail.  If we finish a record containing
     subrecords, we write out the negative length.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->continued)
    m_write = -m;
  else
    m_write = m;

  if (unlikely (write_us_marker (dtp, m_write) != 0))
    goto io_error;

  if (compile_options.record_marker == 0)
    record_marker = sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4);
  else
    record_marker = compile_options.record_marker;

  /* Seek to the head and overwrite the bogus length with the real
     length.  */

  if (unlikely (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, c - m - record_marker)
		== FAILURE))
    goto io_error;

  if (next_subrecord)
    m_write = -m;
  else
    m_write = m;

  if (unlikely (write_us_marker (dtp, m_write) != 0))
    goto io_error;

  /* Seek past the end of the current record.  */

  if (unlikely (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, c + record_marker)
		== FAILURE))
    goto io_error;

  return;

 io_error:
  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
  return;

}

/* Position to the next record in write mode.  */

static void
next_record_w (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int done)
{
  gfc_offset m, record, max_pos;
  int length;

  /* Flush and reset the format buffer.  */
  fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 1);
  
  /* Zero counters for X- and T-editing.  */
  max_pos = dtp->u.p.max_pos;
  dtp->u.p.max_pos = dtp->u.p.skips = dtp->u.p.pending_spaces = 0;

  switch (current_mode (dtp))
    {
    /* No records in unformatted STREAM I/O.  */
    case UNFORMATTED_STREAM:
      return;

    case FORMATTED_DIRECT:
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left == 0)
	break;

      if (sset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, ' ', 
		dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left) == FAILURE)
	goto io_error;

      break;

    case UNFORMATTED_DIRECT:
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left > 0)
	{
	  length = (int) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	  if (sset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, 0, length) == FAILURE)
	    goto io_error;
	}
      break;

    case UNFORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:
      next_record_w_unf (dtp, 0);
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
      break;

    case FORMATTED_STREAM:
    case FORMATTED_SEQUENTIAL:

      if (is_internal_unit (dtp))
	{
	  if (is_array_io (dtp))
	    {
	      int finished;

	      length = (int) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	      
	      /* If the farthest position reached is greater than current
	      position, adjust the position and set length to pad out
	      whats left.  Otherwise just pad whats left.
	      (for character array unit) */
	      m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl
			- dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
	      if (max_pos > m)
		{
		  length = (int) (max_pos - m);
		  if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, 
			      file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s) 
			      + length) == FAILURE)
		    {
		      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_INTERNAL_UNIT, NULL);
		      return;
		    }
		  length = (int) (dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl - max_pos);
		}

	      if (sset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, ' ', length) == FAILURE)
		{
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
		  return;
		}

	      /* Now that the current record has been padded out,
		 determine where the next record in the array is. */
	      record = next_array_record (dtp, dtp->u.p.current_unit->ls,
					  &finished);
	      if (finished)
		dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;
	      
	      /* Now seek to this record */
	      record = record * dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;

	      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, record) == FAILURE)
		{
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_INTERNAL_UNIT, NULL);
		  return;
		}

	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      length = 1;

	      /* If this is the last call to next_record move to the farthest
		 position reached and set length to pad out the remainder
		 of the record. (for character scaler unit) */
	      if (done)
		{
		  m = dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl
			- dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
		  if (max_pos > m)
		    {
		      length = (int) (max_pos - m);
		      if (sseek (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, 
				  file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s)
				  + length) == FAILURE)
		        {
			  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_INTERNAL_UNIT, NULL);
			  return;
			}
		      length = (int) (dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl - max_pos);
		    }
		  else
		    length = (int) dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left;
		}

	      if (sset (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, ' ', length) == FAILURE)
		{
		  generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
		  return;
		}
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  size_t len;
	  const char crlf[] = "\r\n";

#ifdef HAVE_CRLF
	  len = 2;
#else
	  len = 1;
#endif
	  if (swrite (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s, &crlf[2-len], &len) != 0)
	    goto io_error;
	  
	  if (is_stream_io (dtp))
	    {
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos += len;
	      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->strm_pos
		  < file_length (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s))
		struncate (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	    }
	}

      break;

    io_error:
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
      break;
    }
}

/* Position to the next record, which means moving to the end of the
   current record.  This can happen under several different
   conditions.  If the done flag is not set, we get ready to process
   the next record.  */

void
next_record (st_parameter_dt *dtp, int done)
{
  gfc_offset fp; /* File position.  */

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->read_bad = 0;

  if (dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
    next_record_r (dtp);
  else
    next_record_w (dtp, done);

  if (!is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      /* Keep position up to date for INQUIRE */
      if (done)
	update_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit);

      dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 0;
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT)
	{
	  fp = file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	  /* Calculate next record, rounding up partial records.  */
	  dtp->u.p.current_unit->last_record =
	    (fp + dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl - 1) /
	      dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl;
	}
      else
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->last_record++;
    }

  if (!done)
    pre_position (dtp);
}


/* Finalize the current data transfer.  For a nonadvancing transfer,
   this means advancing to the next record.  For internal units close the
   stream associated with the unit.  */

static void
finalize_transfer (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  jmp_buf eof_jump;
  GFC_INTEGER_4 cf = dtp->common.flags;

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_SIZE) != 0)
    *dtp->size = dtp->u.p.size_used;

  if (dtp->u.p.eor_condition)
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_EOR, NULL);
      return;
    }

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) != IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK)
    return;

  if ((dtp->u.p.ionml != NULL)
      && (cf & IOPARM_DT_HAS_NAMELIST_NAME) != 0)
    {
       if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_NAMELIST_READ_MODE) != 0)
	 namelist_read (dtp);
       else
	 namelist_write (dtp);
    }

  dtp->u.p.transfer = NULL;
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit == NULL)
    return;

  dtp->u.p.eof_jump = &eof_jump;
  if (setjmp (eof_jump))
    {
      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
      return;
    }

  if ((cf & IOPARM_DT_LIST_FORMAT) != 0 && dtp->u.p.mode == READING)
    {
      finish_list_read (dtp);
      sfree (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
      return;
    }

  if (dtp->u.p.mode == WRITING)
    dtp->u.p.current_unit->previous_nonadvancing_write
      = dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_NO;

  if (is_stream_io (dtp))
    {
      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED
	  && dtp->u.p.advance_status != ADVANCE_NO)
	next_record (dtp, 1);

      if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED
	  && file_position (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s) >= dtp->rec)
	{
	  flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	  sfree (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	}
      return;
    }

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 0;

  if (!is_internal_unit (dtp) && dtp->u.p.seen_dollar)
    {
      dtp->u.p.seen_dollar = 0;
      fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 1);
      sfree (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
      return;
    }

  /* For non-advancing I/O, save the current maximum position for use in the
     next I/O operation if needed.  */
  if (dtp->u.p.advance_status == ADVANCE_NO)
    {
      int bytes_written = (int) (dtp->u.p.current_unit->recl
	- dtp->u.p.current_unit->bytes_left);
      dtp->u.p.current_unit->saved_pos =
	dtp->u.p.max_pos > 0 ? dtp->u.p.max_pos - bytes_written : 0;
      fbuf_flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit, 0);
      flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
      return;
    }

  dtp->u.p.current_unit->saved_pos = 0;

  next_record (dtp, 1);
  sfree (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
}

/* Transfer function for IOLENGTH. It doesn't actually do any
   data transfer, it just updates the length counter.  */

static void
iolength_transfer (st_parameter_dt *dtp, bt type __attribute__((unused)), 
		   void *dest __attribute__ ((unused)),
		   int kind __attribute__((unused)), 
		   size_t size, size_t nelems)
{
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_IOLENGTH) != 0)
    *dtp->iolength += (GFC_IO_INT) size * nelems;
}


/* Initialize the IOLENGTH data transfer. This function is in essence
   a very much simplified version of data_transfer_init(), because it
   doesn't have to deal with units at all.  */

static void
iolength_transfer_init (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_HAS_IOLENGTH) != 0)
    *dtp->iolength = 0;

  memset (&dtp->u.p, 0, sizeof (dtp->u.p));

  /* Set up the subroutine that will handle the transfers.  */

  dtp->u.p.transfer = iolength_transfer;
}


/* Library entry point for the IOLENGTH form of the INQUIRE
   statement. The IOLENGTH form requires no I/O to be performed, but
   it must still be a runtime library call so that we can determine
   the iolength for dynamic arrays and such.  */

extern void st_iolength (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_iolength);

void
st_iolength (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  library_start (&dtp->common);
  iolength_transfer_init (dtp);
}

extern void st_iolength_done (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_iolength_done);

void
st_iolength_done (st_parameter_dt *dtp __attribute__((unused)))
{
  free_ionml (dtp);
  if (dtp->u.p.scratch != NULL)
    free_mem (dtp->u.p.scratch);
  library_end ();
}


/* The READ statement.  */

extern void st_read (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_read);

void
st_read (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  library_start (&dtp->common);

  data_transfer_init (dtp, 1);

  /* Handle complications dealing with the endfile record.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL)
    switch (dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile)
      {
      case NO_ENDFILE:
	break;

      case AT_ENDFILE:
	if (!is_internal_unit (dtp))
	  {
	    generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_END, NULL);
	    dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AFTER_ENDFILE;
	    dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 0;
	  }
	break;

      case AFTER_ENDFILE:
	generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_ENDFILE, NULL);
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->current_record = 0;
	break;
      }
}

extern void st_read_done (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_read_done);

void
st_read_done (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  finalize_transfer (dtp);
  free_format_data (dtp);
  free_ionml (dtp);
  if (dtp->u.p.scratch != NULL)
    free_mem (dtp->u.p.scratch);
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit != NULL)
    unlock_unit (dtp->u.p.current_unit);

  free_internal_unit (dtp);
  
  library_end ();
}

extern void st_write (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_write);

void
st_write (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  library_start (&dtp->common);
  data_transfer_init (dtp, 0);
}

extern void st_write_done (st_parameter_dt *);
export_proto(st_write_done);

void
st_write_done (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
{
  finalize_transfer (dtp);

  /* Deal with endfile conditions associated with sequential files.  */

  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit != NULL 
      && dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL)
    switch (dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile)
      {
      case AT_ENDFILE:		/* Remain at the endfile record.  */
	break;

      case AFTER_ENDFILE:
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;	/* Just at it now.  */
	break;

      case NO_ENDFILE:
	/* Get rid of whatever is after this record.  */
        if (!is_internal_unit (dtp))
	  {
	    flush (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s);
	    if (struncate (dtp->u.p.current_unit->s) == FAILURE)
	      generate_error (&dtp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL);
	  }
	dtp->u.p.current_unit->endfile = AT_ENDFILE;
	break;
      }

  free_format_data (dtp);
  free_ionml (dtp);
  if (dtp->u.p.scratch != NULL)
    free_mem (dtp->u.p.scratch);
  if (dtp->u.p.current_unit != NULL)
    unlock_unit (dtp->u.p.current_unit);
  
  free_internal_unit (dtp);

  library_end ();
}


/* F2003: This is a stub for the runtime portion of the WAIT statement.  */
void
st_wait (st_parameter_wait *wtp __attribute__((unused)))
{
}


/* Receives the scalar information for namelist objects and stores it
   in a linked list of namelist_info types.  */

extern void st_set_nml_var (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void *, char *,
			    GFC_INTEGER_4, gfc_charlen_type, GFC_INTEGER_4);
export_proto(st_set_nml_var);


void
st_set_nml_var (st_parameter_dt *dtp, void * var_addr, char * var_name,
		GFC_INTEGER_4 len, gfc_charlen_type string_length,
		GFC_INTEGER_4 dtype)
{
  namelist_info *t1 = NULL;
  namelist_info *nml;
  size_t var_name_len = strlen (var_name);

  nml = (namelist_info*) get_mem (sizeof (namelist_info));

  nml->mem_pos = var_addr;

  nml->var_name = (char*) get_mem (var_name_len + 1);
  memcpy (nml->var_name, var_name, var_name_len);
  nml->var_name[var_name_len] = '\0';

  nml->len = (int) len;
  nml->string_length = (index_type) string_length;

  nml->var_rank = (int) (dtype & GFC_DTYPE_RANK_MASK);
  nml->size = (index_type) (dtype >> GFC_DTYPE_SIZE_SHIFT);
  nml->type = (bt) ((dtype & GFC_DTYPE_TYPE_MASK) >> GFC_DTYPE_TYPE_SHIFT);

  if (nml->var_rank > 0)
    {
      nml->dim = (descriptor_dimension*)
		   get_mem (nml->var_rank * sizeof (descriptor_dimension));
      nml->ls = (array_loop_spec*)
		  get_mem (nml->var_rank * sizeof (array_loop_spec));
    }
  else
    {
      nml->dim = NULL;
      nml->ls = NULL;
    }

  nml->next = NULL;

  if ((dtp->common.flags & IOPARM_DT_IONML_SET) == 0)
    {
      dtp->common.flags |= IOPARM_DT_IONML_SET;
      dtp->u.p.ionml = nml;
    }
  else
    {
      for (t1 = dtp->u.p.ionml; t1->next; t1 = t1->next);
      t1->next = nml;
    }
}

/* Store the dimensional information for the namelist object.  */
extern void st_set_nml_var_dim (st_parameter_dt *, GFC_INTEGER_4,
				index_type, index_type,
				index_type);
export_proto(st_set_nml_var_dim);

void
st_set_nml_var_dim (st_parameter_dt *dtp, GFC_INTEGER_4 n_dim,
		    index_type stride, index_type lbound,
		    index_type ubound)
{
  namelist_info * nml;
  int n;

  n = (int)n_dim;

  for (nml = dtp->u.p.ionml; nml->next; nml = nml->next);

  nml->dim[n].stride = stride;
  nml->dim[n].lbound = lbound;
  nml->dim[n].ubound = ubound;
}

/* Reverse memcpy - used for byte swapping.  */

void reverse_memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
{
  char *d, *s;
  size_t i;

  d = (char *) dest;
  s = (char *) src + n - 1;

  /* Write with ascending order - this is likely faster
     on modern architectures because of write combining.  */
  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
      *(d++) = *(s--);
}