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3284 lines
121 KiB
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3284 lines
121 KiB
Plaintext
Python history
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--------------
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This file contains the release messages for previous Python releases
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(slightly edited to adapt them to the format of this file). As you
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read on you go back to the dark ages of Python's history.
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=====================================
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==> Release 1.4 (October 25 1996) <==
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=====================================
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(Starting in reverse chronological order:)
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- Changed disclaimer notice.
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- Added SHELL=/bin/sh to Misc/Makefile.pre.in -- some Make versions
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default to the user's login shell.
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- In Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, removed bogus binding of <Delete> in Text
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widget, and bogus bspace() function.
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- In Lib/cgi.py, bumped __version__ to 2.0 and restored a truncated
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paragraph.
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- Fixed the NT Makefile (PC/vc40.mak) for VC 4.0 to set /MD for all
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subprojects, and to remove the (broken) experimental NumPy
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subprojects.
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- In Lib/py_compile.py, cast mtime to long() so it will work on Mac
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(where os.stat() returns mtimes as floats.)
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- Set self.rfile unbuffered (like self.wfile) in SocketServer.py, to
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fix POST in CGIHTTPServer.py.
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- Version 2.83 of Misc/python-mode.el for Emacs is included.
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- In Modules/regexmodule.c, fixed symcomp() to correctly handle a new
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group starting immediately after a group tag.
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- In Lib/SocketServer.py, changed the mode for rfile to unbuffered.
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- In Objects/stringobject.c, fixed the compare function to do the
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first char comparison in unsigned mode, for consistency with the way
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other characters are compared by memcmp().
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- In Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, fixed Scale.get() to support floats.
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- In Lib/urllib.py, fix another case where openedurl wasn't set.
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(XXX Sorry, the rest is in totally random order. No time to fix it.)
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- SyntaxError exceptions detected during code generation
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(e.g. assignment to an expression) now include a line number.
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- Don't leave trailing / or \ in script directory inserted in front of
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sys.path.
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- Added a note to Tools/scripts/classfix.py abouts its historical
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importance.
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- Added Misc/Makefile.pre.in, a universal Makefile for extensions
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built outside the distribution.
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- Rewritten Misc/faq2html.py, by Ka-Ping Yee.
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- Install shared modules with mode 555 (needed for performance on some
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platforms).
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- Some changes to standard library modules to avoid calling append()
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with more than one argument -- while supported, this should be
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outlawed, and I don't want to set a bad example.
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- bdb.py (and hence pdb.py) supports calling run() with a code object
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instead of a code string.
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- Fixed an embarrassing bug cgi.py which prevented correct uploading
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of binary files from Netscape (which doesn't distinguish between
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binary and text files). Also added dormant logging support, which
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makes it easier to debug the cgi module itself.
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- Added default writer to constructor of NullFormatter class.
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- Use binary mode for socket.makefile() calls in ftplib.py.
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- The ihooks module no longer "installs" itself upon import -- this
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was an experimental feature that helped ironing out some bugs but that
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slowed down code that imported it without the need to install it
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(e.g. the rexec module). Also close the file in some cases and add
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the __file__ attribute to loaded modules.
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- The test program for mailbox.py is now more useful.
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- Added getparamnames() to Message class in mimetools.py -- it returns
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the names of parameters to the content-type header.
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- Fixed a typo in ni that broke the loop stripping "__." from names.
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- Fix sys.path[0] for scripts run via pdb.py's new main program.
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- profile.py can now also run a script, like pdb.
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- Fix a small bug in pyclbr -- don't add names starting with _ when
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emulating from ... import *.
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- Fixed a series of embarrassing typos in rexec's handling of standard
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I/O redirection. Added some more "safe" built-in modules: cmath,
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errno, operator.
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- Fixed embarrassing typo in shelve.py.
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- Added SliceType and EllipsisType to types.py.
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- In urllib.py, added handling for error 301 (same as 302); added
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geturl() method to get the URL after redirection.
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- Fixed embarrassing typo in xdrlib.py. Also fixed typo in Setup.in
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for _xdrmodule.c and removed redundant #include from _xdrmodule.c.
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- Fixed bsddbmodule.c to add binary mode indicator on platforms that
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have it. This should make it working on Windows NT.
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- Changed last uses of #ifdef NT to #ifdef MS_WINDOWS or MS_WIN32,
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whatever applies. Also rationalized some other tests for various MS
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platforms.
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- Added the sources for the NT installer script used for Python
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1.4beta3. Not tested with this release, but better than nothing.
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- A compromise in pickle's defenses against Trojan horses: a
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user-defined function is now okay where a class is expected. A
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built-in function is not okay, to prevent pickling something that
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will execute os.system("rm -f *") when unpickling.
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- dis.py will print the name of local variables referenced by local
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load/store/delete instructions.
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- Improved portability of SimpleHTTPServer module to non-Unix
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platform.
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- The thread.h interface adds an extra argument to down_sema(). This
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only affects other C code that uses thread.c; the Python thread module
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doesn't use semaphores (which aren't provided on all platforms where
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Python threads are supported). Note: on NT, this change is not
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implemented.
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- Fixed some typos in abstract.h; corrected signature of
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PyNumber_Coerce, added PyMapping_DelItem. Also fixed a bug in
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abstract.c's PyObject_CallMethod().
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- apply(classname, (), {}) now works even if the class has no
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__init__() method.
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- Implemented complex remainder and divmod() (these would dump core!).
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Conversion of complex numbers to int, long int or float now raises an
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exception, since there is no meaningful way to do it without losing
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information.
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- Fixed bug in built-in complex() function which gave the wrong result
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for two real arguments.
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- Change the hash algorithm for strings -- the multiplier is now
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1000003 instead of 3, which gives better spread for short strings.
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- New default path for Windows NT, the registry structure now supports
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default paths for different install packages. (Mark Hammond -- the
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next PythonWin release will use this.)
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- Added more symbols to the python_nt.def file.
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- When using GNU readline, set rl_readline_name to "python".
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- The Ellipses built-in name has been renamed to Ellipsis -- this is
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the correct singular form. Thanks to Ka-Ping Yee, who saved us from
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eternal embarrassment.
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- Bumped the PYTHON_API_VERSION to 1006, due to the Ellipses ->
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Ellipsis name change.
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- Updated the library reference manual. Added documentation of
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restricted mode (rexec, Bastion) and the formatter module (for use
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with the htmllib module). Fixed the documentation of htmllib
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(finally).
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- The reference manual is now maintained in FrameMaker.
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- Upgraded scripts Doc/partparse.py and Doc/texi2html.py.
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- Slight improvements to Doc/Makefile.
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- Added fcntl.lockf(). This should be used for Unix file locking
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instead of the posixfile module; lockf() is more portable.
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- The getopt module now supports long option names, thanks to Lars
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Wizenius.
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- Plenty of changes to Tkinter and Canvas, mostly due to Fred Drake
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and Nils Fischbeck.
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- Use more bits of time.time() in whrandom's default seed().
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- Performance hack for regex module's regs attribute.
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- Don't close already closed socket in socket module.
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- Correctly handle separators containing embedded nulls in
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strop.split, strop.find and strop.rfind. Also added more detail to
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error message for strop.atoi and friends.
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- Moved fallback definition for hypot() to Python/hypot.c.
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- Added fallback definition for strdup, in Python/strdup.c.
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- Fixed some bugs where a function would return 0 to indicate an error
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where it should return -1.
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- Test for error returned by time.localtime(), and rationalized its MS
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tests.
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- Added Modules/Setup.local file, which is processed after Setup.
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- Corrected bug in toplevel Makefile.in -- execution of regen script
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would not use the right PATH and PYTHONPATH.
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- Various and sundry NeXT configuration changes (sigh).
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- Support systems where libreadline needs neither termcap nor curses.
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- Improved ld_so_aix script and python.exp file (for AIX).
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- More stringent test for working <stdarg.h> in configure script.
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- Removed Demo/www subdirectory -- it was totally out of date.
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- Improved demos and docs for Fred Drake's parser module; fixed one
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typo in the module itself.
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=========================================
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==> Release 1.4beta3 (August 26 1996) <==
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=========================================
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(XXX This is less readable that it should. I promise to restructure
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it for the final 1.4 release.)
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What's new in 1.4beta3 (since beta2)?
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-------------------------------------
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- Name mangling to implement a simple form of class-private variables.
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A name of the form "__spam" can't easily be used outside the class.
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(This was added in 1.4beta3, but left out of the 1.4beta3 release
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message.)
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- In urllib.urlopen(): HTTP URLs containing user:passwd@host are now
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handled correctly when using a proxy server.
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- In ntpath.normpath(): don't truncate to 8+3 format.
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- In mimetools.choose_boundary(): don't die when getuid() or getpid()
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aren't defined.
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- Module urllib: some optimizations to (un)quoting.
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- New module MimeWriter for writing MIME documents.
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- More changes to formatter module.
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- The freeze script works once again and is much more robust (using
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sys.prefix etc.). It also supports a -o option to specify an
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output directory.
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- New module whichdb recognizes dbm, gdbm and bsddb/dbhash files.
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- The Doc/Makefile targets have been reorganized somewhat to remove the
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insistence on always generating PostScript.
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- The texinfo to html filter (Doc/texi2html.py) has been improved somewhat.
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- "errors.h" has been renamed to "pyerrors.h" to resolve a long-standing
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name conflict on the Mac.
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- Linking a module compiled with a different setting for Py_TRACE_REFS now
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generates a linker error rather than a core dump.
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- The cgi module has a new convenience function print_exception(), which
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formats a python exception using HTML. It also fixes a bug in the
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compatibility code and adds a dubious feature which makes it possible to
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have two query strings, one in the URL and one in the POST data.
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- A subtle change in the unpickling of class instances makes it possible
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to unpickle in restricted execution mode, where the __dict__ attribute is
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not available (but setattr() is).
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- Documentation for os.path.splitext() (== posixpath.splitext()) has been
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cleared up. It splits at the *last* dot.
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- posixfile locking is now also correctly supported on AIX.
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- The tempfile module once again honors an initial setting of tmpdir. It
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now works on Windows, too.
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- The traceback module has some new functions to extract, format and print
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the active stack.
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- Some translation functions in the urllib module have been made a little
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less sluggish.
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- The addtag_* methods for Canvas widgets in Tkinter as well as in the
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separate Canvas class have been fixed so they actually do something
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meaningful.
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- A tiny _test() function has been added to Tkinter.py.
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- A generic Makefile for dynamically loaded modules is provided in the Misc
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subdirectory (Misc/gMakefile).
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- A new version of python-mode.el for Emacs is provided. See
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http://www.python.org/ftp/emacs/pmdetails.html for details. The
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separate file pyimenu.el is no longer needed, imenu support is folded
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into python-mode.el.
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- The configure script can finally correctly find the readline library in a
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non-standard location. The LDFLAGS variable is passed on the the Makefiles
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from the configure script.
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- Shared libraries are now installed as programs (i.e. with executable
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permission). This is required on HP-UX and won't hurt on other systems.
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- The objc.c module is no longer part of the distribution. Objective-C
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support may become available as contributed software on the ftp site.
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- The sybase module is no longer part of the distribution. A much
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improved sybase module is available as contributed software from the
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ftp site.
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- _tkinter is now compatible with Tcl 7.5 / Tk 4.1 patch1 on Windows and
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Mac (don't use unpatched Tcl/Tk!). The default line in the Setup.in file
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now links with Tcl 7.5 / Tk 4.1 rather than 7.4/4.0.
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- In Setup, you can now write "*shared*" instead of "*noconfig*", and you
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can use *.so and *.sl as shared libraries.
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- Some more fidgeting for AIX shared libraries.
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- The mpz module is now compatible with GMP 2.x. (Not tested by me.)
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(Note -- a complete replacement by Niels Mo"ller, called gpmodule, is
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available from the contrib directory on the ftp site.)
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- A warning is written to sys.stderr when a __del__ method raises an
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exception (formerly, such exceptions were completely ignored).
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- The configure script now defines HAVE_OLD_CPP if the C preprocessor is
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incapable of ANSI style token concatenation and stringification.
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- All source files (except a few platform specific modules) are once again
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compatible with K&R C compilers as well as ANSI compilers. In particular,
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ANSI-isms have been removed or made conditional in complexobject.c,
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getargs.c and operator.c.
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- The abstract object API has three new functions, PyObject_DelItem,
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PySequence_DelItem, and PySequence_DelSlice.
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- The operator module has new functions delitem and delslice, and the
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functions "or" and "and" are renamed to "or_" and "and_" (since "or" and
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"and" are reserved words). ("__or__" and "__and__" are unchanged.)
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- The environment module is no longer supported; putenv() is now a function
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in posixmodule (also under NT).
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- Error in filter(<function>, "") has been fixed.
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- Unrecognized keyword arguments raise TypeError, not KeyError.
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- Better portability, fewer bugs and memory leaks, fewer compiler warnings,
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some more documentation.
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- Bug in float power boundary case (0.0 to the negative integer power)
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fixed.
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- The test of negative number to the float power has been moved from the
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built-in pow() functin to floatobject.c (so complex numbers can yield the
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correct result).
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- The bug introduced in beta2 where shared libraries loaded (using
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dlopen()) from the current directory would fail, has been fixed.
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- Modules imported as shared libraries now also have a __file__ attribute,
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giving the filename from which they were loaded. The only modules without
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a __file__ attribute now are built-in modules.
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- On the Mac, dynamically loaded modules can end in either ".slb" or
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".<platform>.slb" where <platform> is either "CFM68K" or "ppc". The ".slb"
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extension should only be used for "fat" binaries.
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- C API addition: marshal.c now supports
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PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(object).
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- C API addition: getargs.c now supports
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PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwdict, format, kwnames, ...)
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to parse keyword arguments.
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- The PC versioning scheme (sys.winver) has changed once again. the
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version number is now "<digit>.<digit>.<digit>.<apiversion>", where the
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first three <digit>s are the Python version (e.g. "1.4.0" for Python 1.4,
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"1.4.1" for Python 1.4.1 -- the beta level is not included) and
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<apiversion> is the four-digit PYTHON_API_VERSION (currently 1005).
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- h2py.py accepts whitespace before the # in CPP directives
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- On Solaris 2.5, it should now be possible to use either Posix threads or
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Solaris threads (XXX: how do you select which is used???). (Note: the
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Python pthreads interface doesn't fully support semaphores yet -- anyone
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care to fix this?)
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- Thread support should now work on AIX, using either DCE threads or
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pthreads.
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- New file Demo/sockets/unicast.py
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- Working Mac port, with CFM68K support, with Tk 4.1 support (though not
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both) (XXX)
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- New project setup for PC port, now compatible with PythonWin, with
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_tkinter and NumPy support (XXX)
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- New module site.py (XXX)
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- New module xdrlib.py and optional support module _xdrmodule.c (XXX)
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- parser module adapted to new grammar, complete w/ Doc & Demo (XXX)
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- regen script fixed (XXX)
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- new machdep subdirectories Lib/{aix3,aix4,next3_3,freebsd2,linux2} (XXX)
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- testall now also tests math module (XXX)
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- string.atoi c.s. now raise an exception for an empty input string.
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- At last, it is no longer necessary to define HAVE_CONFIG_H in order to
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have config.h included at various places.
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- Unrecognized keyword arguments now raise TypeError rather than KeyError.
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- The makesetup script recognizes files with extension .so or .sl as
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(shared) libraries.
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- 'access' is no longer a reserved word, and all code related to its
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implementation is gone (or at least #ifdef'ed out). This should make
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Python a little speedier too!
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- Performance enhancements suggested by Sjoerd Mullender. This includes
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the introduction of two new optional function pointers in type object,
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getattro and setattro, which are like getattr and setattr but take a
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string object instead of a C string pointer.
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- New operations in string module: lstrip(s) and rstrip(s) strip whitespace
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only on the left or only on the right, A new optional third argument to
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split() specifies the maximum number of separators honored (so
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splitfields(s, sep, n) returns a list of at most n+1 elements). (Since
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1.3, splitfields(s, None) is totally equivalent to split(s).)
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string.capwords() has an optional second argument specifying the
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separator (which is passed to split()).
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- regsub.split() has the same addition as string.split(). regsub.splitx(s,
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sep, maxsep) implements the functionality that was regsub.split(s, 1) in
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1.4beta2 (return a list containing the delimiters as well as the words).
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- Final touch for AIX loading, rewritten Misc/AIX-NOTES.
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- In Modules/_tkinter.c, when using Tk 4.1 or higher, use className
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argument to _tkinter.create() to set Tcl's argv0 variable, so X
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resources use the right resource class again.
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- Add #undef fabs to Modules/mathmodule.c for macintosh.
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- Added some macro renames for AIX in Modules/operator.c.
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- Removed spurious 'E' from Doc/liberrno.tex.
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- Got rid of some cruft in Misc/ (dlMakefile, pyimenu.el); added new
|
|
Misc/gMakefile and new version of Misc/python-mode.el.
|
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|
|
- Fixed typo in Lib/ntpath.py (islink has "return false" which gives a
|
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NameError).
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- Added missing "from types import *" to Lib/tkinter/Canvas.py.
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- Added hint about using default args for __init__ to pickle docs.
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|
|
- Corrected typo in Inclide/abstract.h: PySequence_Lenth ->
|
|
PySequence_Length.
|
|
|
|
- Some improvements to Doc/texi2html.py.
|
|
|
|
- In Python/import.c, Cast unsigned char * in struct _frozen to char *
|
|
in calls to rds_object().
|
|
|
|
- In doc/ref4.tex, added note about scope of lambda bodies.
|
|
|
|
What's new in 1.4beta2 (since beta1)?
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
- Portability bug in the md5.h header solved.
|
|
|
|
- The PC build procedure now really works, and sets sys.platform to a
|
|
meaningful value (a few things were botched in beta 1). Lib/dos_8x3
|
|
is now a standard part of the distribution (alas).
|
|
|
|
- More improvements to the installation procedure. Typing "make install"
|
|
now inserts the version number in the pathnames of almost everything
|
|
installed, and creates the machine dependent modules (FCNTL.py etc.) if not
|
|
supplied by the distribution. (XXX There's still a problem with the latter
|
|
because the "regen" script requires that Python is installed. Some manual
|
|
intervention may still be required.) (This has been fixed in 1.4beta3.)
|
|
|
|
- New modules: errno, operator (XXX).
|
|
|
|
- Changes for use with Numerical Python: builtin function slice() and
|
|
Ellipses object, and corresponding syntax:
|
|
|
|
x[lo:hi:stride] == x[slice(lo, hi, stride)]
|
|
x[a, ..., z] == x[(a, Ellipses, z)]
|
|
|
|
- New documentation for errno and cgi mdoules.
|
|
|
|
- The directory containing the script passed to the interpreter is
|
|
inserted in from of sys.path; "." is no longer a default path
|
|
component.
|
|
|
|
- Optional third string argument to string.translate() specifies
|
|
characters to delete. New function string.maketrans() creates a
|
|
translation table for translate() or for regex.compile().
|
|
|
|
- Module posix (and hence module os under Unix) now supports putenv().
|
|
Moreover, module os is enhanced so that if putenv() is supported,
|
|
assignments to os.environ entries make the appropriate putenv() call.
|
|
(XXX the putenv() implementation can leak a small amount of memory per
|
|
call.)
|
|
|
|
- pdb.py can now be invoked from the command line to debug a script:
|
|
python pdb.py <script> <arg> ...
|
|
|
|
- Much improved parseaddr() in rfc822.
|
|
|
|
- In cgi.py, you can now pass an alternative value for environ to
|
|
nearly all functions.
|
|
|
|
- You can now assign to instance variables whose name begins and ends
|
|
with '__'.
|
|
|
|
- New version of Fred Drake's parser module and associates (token,
|
|
symbol, AST).
|
|
|
|
- New PYTHON_API_VERSION value and .pyc file magic number (again!).
|
|
|
|
- The "complex" internal structure type is now called "Py_complex" to
|
|
avoid name conflicts.
|
|
|
|
- Numerous small bugs fixed.
|
|
|
|
- Slight pickle speedups.
|
|
|
|
- Some slight speedups suggested by Sjoerd (more coming in 1.4 final).
|
|
|
|
- NeXT portability mods by Bill Bumgarner integrated.
|
|
|
|
- Modules regexmodule.c, bsddbmodule.c and xxmodule.c have been
|
|
converted to new naming style.
|
|
|
|
|
|
What's new in 1.4beta1 (since 1.3)?
|
|
-----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
- Added sys.platform and sys.exec_platform for Bill Janssen.
|
|
|
|
- Installation has been completely overhauled. "make install" now installs
|
|
everything, not just the python binary. Installation uses the install-sh
|
|
script (borrowed from X11) to install each file.
|
|
|
|
- New functions in the posix module: mkfifo, plock, remove (== unlink),
|
|
and ftruncate. More functions are also available under NT.
|
|
|
|
- New function in the fcntl module: flock.
|
|
|
|
- Shared library support for FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
- The --with-readline option can now be used without a DIRECTORY argument,
|
|
for systems where libreadline.* is in one of the standard places. It is
|
|
also possible for it to be a shared library.
|
|
|
|
- The extension tkinter has been renamed to _tkinter, to avoid confusion
|
|
with Tkinter.py oncase insensitive file systems. It now supports Tk 4.1 as
|
|
well as 4.0.
|
|
|
|
- Author's change of address from CWI in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, to
|
|
CNRI in Reston, VA, USA.
|
|
|
|
- The math.hypot() function is now always available (if it isn't found in
|
|
the C math library, Python provides its own implementation).
|
|
|
|
- The latex documentation is now compatible with latex2e, thanks to David
|
|
Ascher.
|
|
|
|
- The expression x**y is now equivalent to pow(x, y).
|
|
|
|
- The indexing expression x[a, b, c] is now equivalent to x[(a, b, c)].
|
|
|
|
- Complex numbers are now supported. Imaginary constants are written with
|
|
a 'j' or 'J' prefix, general complex numbers can be formed by adding a real
|
|
part to an imaginary part, like 3+4j. Complex numbers are always stored in
|
|
floating point form, so this is equivalent to 3.0+4.0j. It is also
|
|
possible to create complex numbers with the new built-in function
|
|
complex(re, [im]). For the footprint-conscious, complex number support can
|
|
be disabled by defining the symbol WITHOUT_COMPLEX.
|
|
|
|
- New built-in function list() is the long-awaited counterpart of tuple().
|
|
|
|
- There's a new "cmath" module which provides the same functions as the
|
|
"math" library but with complex arguments and results. (There are very
|
|
good reasons why math.sqrt(-1) still raises an exception -- you have to use
|
|
cmath.sqrt(-1) to get 1j for an answer.)
|
|
|
|
- The Python.h header file (which is really the same as allobjects.h except
|
|
it disables support for old style names) now includes several more files,
|
|
so you have to have fewer #include statements in the average extension.
|
|
|
|
- The NDEBUG symbol is no longer used. Code that used to be dependent on
|
|
the presence of NDEBUG is now present on the absence of DEBUG. TRACE_REFS
|
|
and REF_DEBUG have been renamed to Py_TRACE_REFS and Py_REF_DEBUG,
|
|
respectively. At long last, the source actually compiles and links without
|
|
errors when this symbol is defined.
|
|
|
|
- Several symbols that didn't follow the new naming scheme have been
|
|
renamed (usually by adding to rename2.h) to use a Py or _Py prefix. There
|
|
are no external symbols left without a Py or _Py prefix, not even those
|
|
defined by sources that were incorporated from elsewhere (regexpr.c,
|
|
md5c.c). (Macros are a different story...)
|
|
|
|
- There are now typedefs for the structures defined in config.c and
|
|
frozen.c.
|
|
|
|
- New PYTHON_API_VERSION value and .pyc file magic number.
|
|
|
|
- New module Bastion. (XXX)
|
|
|
|
- Improved performance of StringIO module.
|
|
|
|
- UserList module now supports + and * operators.
|
|
|
|
- The binhex and binascii modules now actually work.
|
|
|
|
- The cgi module has been almost totally rewritten and documented.
|
|
It now supports file upload and a new data type to handle forms more
|
|
flexibly.
|
|
|
|
- The formatter module (for use with htmllib) has been overhauled (again).
|
|
|
|
- The ftplib module now supports passive mode and has doc strings.
|
|
|
|
- In (ideally) all places where binary files are read or written, the file
|
|
is now correctly opened in binary mode ('rb' or 'wb') so the code will work
|
|
on Mac or PC.
|
|
|
|
- Dummy versions of os.path.expandvars() and expanduser() are now provided
|
|
on non-Unix platforms.
|
|
|
|
- Module urllib now has two new functions url2pathname and pathname2url
|
|
which turn local filenames into "file:..." URLs using the same rules as
|
|
Netscape (why be different). it also supports urlretrieve() with a
|
|
pathname parameter, and honors the proxy environment variables (http_proxy
|
|
etc.). The URL parsing has been improved somewhat, too.
|
|
|
|
- Micro improvements to urlparse. Added urlparse.urldefrag() which
|
|
removes a trailing ``#fragment'' if any.
|
|
|
|
- The mailbox module now supports MH style message delimiters as well.
|
|
|
|
- The mhlib module contains some new functionality: setcontext() to set the
|
|
current folder and parsesequence() to parse a sequence as commonly passed
|
|
to MH commands (e.g. 1-10 or last:5).
|
|
|
|
- New module mimify for conversion to and from MIME format of email
|
|
messages.
|
|
|
|
- Module ni now automatically installs itself when first imported -- this
|
|
is against the normal rule that modules should define classes and functions
|
|
but not invoke them, but appears more useful in the case that two
|
|
different, independent modules want to use ni's features.
|
|
|
|
- Some small performance enhancements in module pickle.
|
|
|
|
- Small interface change to the profile.run*() family of functions -- more
|
|
sensible handling of return values.
|
|
|
|
- The officially registered Mac creator for Python files is 'Pyth'. This
|
|
replaces 'PYTH' which was used before but never registered.
|
|
|
|
- Added regsub.capwords(). (XXX)
|
|
|
|
- Added string.capwords(), string.capitalize() and string.translate().
|
|
(XXX)
|
|
|
|
- Fixed an interface bug in the rexec module: it was impossible to pass a
|
|
hooks instance to the RExec class. rexec now also supports the dynamic
|
|
loading of modules from shared libraries. Some other interfaces have been
|
|
added too.
|
|
|
|
- Module rfc822 now caches the headers in a dictionary for more efficient
|
|
lookup.
|
|
|
|
- The sgmllib module now understands a limited number of SGML "shorthands"
|
|
like <A/.../ for <A>...</A>. (It's not clear that this was a good idea...)
|
|
|
|
- The tempfile module actually tries a number of different places to find a
|
|
usable temporary directory. (This was prompted by certain Linux
|
|
installations that appear to be missing a /usr/tmp directory.) [A bug in
|
|
the implementation that would ignore a pre-existing tmpdir global has been
|
|
fixed in beta3.]
|
|
|
|
- Much improved and enhanved FileDialog module for Tkinter.
|
|
|
|
- Many small changes to Tkinter, to bring it more in line with Tk 4.0 (as
|
|
well as Tk 4.1).
|
|
|
|
- New socket interfaces include ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(), and
|
|
s.dup(). Sockets now work correctly on Windows. On Windows, the built-in
|
|
extension is called _socket and a wrapper module win/socket.py provides
|
|
"makefile()" and "dup()" functionality. On Windows, the select module
|
|
works only with socket objects.
|
|
|
|
- Bugs in bsddb module fixed (e.g. missing default argument values).
|
|
|
|
- The curses extension now includes <ncurses.h> when available.
|
|
|
|
- The gdbm module now supports opening databases in "fast" mode by
|
|
specifying 'f' as the second character or the mode string.
|
|
|
|
- new variables sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix pass corresponding
|
|
configuration options / Makefile variables to the Python programmer.
|
|
|
|
- The ``new'' module now supports creating new user-defined classes as well
|
|
as instances thereof.
|
|
|
|
- The soundex module now sports get_soundex() to get the soundex value for an
|
|
arbitrary string (formerly it would only do soundex-based string
|
|
comparison) as well as doc strings.
|
|
|
|
- New object type "cobject" to safely wrap void pointers for passing them
|
|
between various extension modules.
|
|
|
|
- More efficient computation of float**smallint.
|
|
|
|
- The mysterious bug whereby "x.x" (two occurrences of the same
|
|
one-character name) typed from the commandline would sometimes fail
|
|
mysteriously.
|
|
|
|
- The initialization of the readline function can now be invoked by a C
|
|
extension through PyOS_ReadlineInit().
|
|
|
|
- There's now an externally visible pointer PyImport_FrozenModules which
|
|
can be changed by an embedding application.
|
|
|
|
- The argument parsing functions now support a new format character 'D' to
|
|
specify complex numbers.
|
|
|
|
- Various memory leaks plugged and bugs fixed.
|
|
|
|
- Improved support for posix threads (now that real implementations are
|
|
beginning to apepar). Still no fully functioning semaphores.
|
|
|
|
- Some various and sundry improvements and new entries in the Tools
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=====================================
|
|
==> Release 1.3 (13 October 1995) <==
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
Major change
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
Two words: Keyword Arguments. See the first section of Chapter 12 of
|
|
the Tutorial.
|
|
|
|
(The rest of this file is textually the same as the remaining sections
|
|
of that chapter.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the WWW and Internet tools
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
The "htmllib" module has been rewritten in an incompatible fashion.
|
|
The new version is considerably more complete (HTML 2.0 except forms,
|
|
but including all ISO-8859-1 entity definitions), and easy to use.
|
|
Small changes to "sgmllib" have also been made, to better match the
|
|
tokenization of HTML as recognized by other web tools.
|
|
|
|
A new module "formatter" has been added, for use with the new
|
|
"htmllib" module.
|
|
|
|
The "urllib"and "httplib" modules have been changed somewhat to allow
|
|
overriding unknown URL types and to support authentication. They now
|
|
use "mimetools.Message" instead of "rfc822.Message" to parse headers.
|
|
The "endrequest()" method has been removed from the HTTP class since
|
|
it breaks the interaction with some servers.
|
|
|
|
The "rfc822.Message" class has been changed to allow a flag to be
|
|
passed in that says that the file is unseekable.
|
|
|
|
The "ftplib" module has been fixed to be (hopefully) more robust on
|
|
Linux.
|
|
|
|
Several new operations that are optionally supported by servers have
|
|
been added to "nntplib": "xover", "xgtitle", "xpath" and "date".
|
|
|
|
Other Language Changes
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
The "raise" statement now takes an optional argument which specifies
|
|
the traceback to be used when printing the exception's stack trace.
|
|
This must be a traceback object, such as found in "sys.exc_traceback".
|
|
When omitted or given as "None", the old behavior (to generate a stack
|
|
trace entry for the current stack frame) is used.
|
|
|
|
The tokenizer is now more tolerant of alien whitespace. Control-L in
|
|
the leading whitespace of a line resets the column number to zero,
|
|
while Control-R just before the end of the line is ignored.
|
|
|
|
Changes to Built-in Operations
|
|
==============================
|
|
|
|
For file objects, "f.read(0)" and "f.readline(0)" now return an empty
|
|
string rather than reading an unlimited number of bytes. For the
|
|
latter, omit the argument altogether or pass a negative value.
|
|
|
|
A new system variable, "sys.platform", has been added. It specifies
|
|
the current platform, e.g. "sunos5" or "linux1".
|
|
|
|
The built-in functions "input()" and "raw_input()" now use the GNU
|
|
readline library when it has been configured (formerly, only
|
|
interactive input to the interpreter itself was read using GNU
|
|
readline). The GNU readline library provides elaborate line editing
|
|
and history. The Python debugger ("pdb") is the first beneficiary of
|
|
this change.
|
|
|
|
Two new built-in functions, "globals()" and "locals()", provide access
|
|
to dictionaries containming current global and local variables,
|
|
respectively. (These augment rather than replace "vars()", which
|
|
returns the current local variables when called without an argument,
|
|
and a module's global variables when called with an argument of type
|
|
module.)
|
|
|
|
The built-in function "compile()" now takes a third possible value for
|
|
the kind of code to be compiled: specifying "'single'" generates code
|
|
for a single interactive statement, which prints the output of
|
|
expression statements that evaluate to something else than "None".
|
|
|
|
Library Changes
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
There are new module "ni" and "ihooks" that support importing modules
|
|
with hierarchical names such as "A.B.C". This is enabled by writing
|
|
"import ni; ni.ni()" at the very top of the main program. These
|
|
modules are amply documented in the Python source.
|
|
|
|
The module "rexec" has been rewritten (incompatibly) to define a class
|
|
and to use "ihooks".
|
|
|
|
The "string.split()" and "string.splitfields()" functions are now the
|
|
same function (the presence or absence of the second argument
|
|
determines which operation is invoked); similar for "string.join()"
|
|
and "string.joinfields()".
|
|
|
|
The "Tkinter" module and its helper "Dialog" have been revamped to use
|
|
keyword arguments. Tk 4.0 is now the standard. A new module
|
|
"FileDialog" has been added which implements standard file selection
|
|
dialogs.
|
|
|
|
The optional built-in modules "dbm" and "gdbm" are more coordinated
|
|
--- their "open()" functions now take the same values for their "flag"
|
|
argument, and the "flag" and "mode" argument have default values (to
|
|
open the database for reading only, and to create the database with
|
|
mode "0666" minuse the umask, respectively). The memory leaks have
|
|
finally been fixed.
|
|
|
|
A new dbm-like module, "bsddb", has been added, which uses the BSD DB
|
|
package's hash method.
|
|
|
|
A portable (though slow) dbm-clone, implemented in Python, has been
|
|
added for systems where none of the above is provided. It is aptly
|
|
dubbed "dumbdbm".
|
|
|
|
The module "anydbm" provides a unified interface to "bsddb", "gdbm",
|
|
"dbm", and "dumbdbm", choosing the first one available.
|
|
|
|
A new extension module, "binascii", provides a variety of operations
|
|
for conversion of text-encoded binary data.
|
|
|
|
There are three new or rewritten companion modules implemented in
|
|
Python that can encode and decode the most common such formats: "uu"
|
|
(uuencode), "base64" and "binhex".
|
|
|
|
A module to handle the MIME encoding quoted-printable has also been
|
|
added: "quopri".
|
|
|
|
The parser module (which provides an interface to the Python parser's
|
|
abstract syntax trees) has been rewritten (incompatibly) by Fred
|
|
Drake. It now lets you change the parse tree and compile the result!
|
|
|
|
The \code{syslog} module has been upgraded and documented.
|
|
|
|
Other Changes
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
The dynamic module loader recognizes the fact that different filenames
|
|
point to the same shared library and loads the library only once, so
|
|
you can have a single shared library that defines multiple modules.
|
|
(SunOS / SVR4 style shared libraries only.)
|
|
|
|
Jim Fulton's ``abstract object interface'' has been incorporated into
|
|
the run-time API. For more detailes, read the files
|
|
"Include/abstract.h" and "Objects/abstract.c".
|
|
|
|
The Macintosh version is much more robust now.
|
|
|
|
Numerous things I have forgotten or that are so obscure no-one will
|
|
notice them anyway :-)
|
|
|
|
|
|
===================================
|
|
==> Release 1.2 (13 April 1995) <==
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
- Changes to Misc/python-mode.el:
|
|
- Wrapping and indentation within triple quote strings should work
|
|
properly now.
|
|
- `Standard' bug reporting mechanism (use C-c C-b)
|
|
- py-mark-block was moved to C-c C-m
|
|
- C-c C-v shows you the python-mode version
|
|
- a basic python-font-lock-keywords has been added for Emacs 19
|
|
font-lock colorizations.
|
|
- proper interaction with pending-del and del-sel modes.
|
|
- New py-electric-colon (:) command for improved outdenting. Also
|
|
py-indent-line (TAB) should handle outdented lines better.
|
|
- New commands py-outdent-left (C-c C-l) and py-indent-right (C-c C-r)
|
|
|
|
- The Library Reference has been restructured, and many new and
|
|
existing modules are now documented, in particular the debugger and
|
|
the profiler, as well as the persistency and the WWW/Internet support
|
|
modules.
|
|
|
|
- All known bugs have been fixed. For example the pow(2,2,3L) bug on
|
|
Linux has been fixed. Also the re-entrancy problems with __del__ have
|
|
been fixed.
|
|
|
|
- All known memory leaks have been fixed.
|
|
|
|
- Phase 2 of the Great Renaming has been executed. The header files
|
|
now use the new names (PyObject instead of object, etc.). The linker
|
|
also sees the new names. Most source files still use the old names,
|
|
by virtue of the rename2.h header file. If you include Python.h, you
|
|
only see the new names. Dynamically linked modules have to be
|
|
recompiled. (Phase 3, fixing the rest of the sources, will be
|
|
executed gradually with the release later versions.)
|
|
|
|
- The hooks for implementing "safe-python" (better called "restricted
|
|
execution") are in place. Specifically, the import statement is
|
|
implemented by calling the built-in function __import__, and the
|
|
built-in names used in a particular scope are taken from the
|
|
dictionary __builtins__ in that scope's global dictionary. See also
|
|
the new (unsupported, undocumented) module rexec.py.
|
|
|
|
- The import statement now supports the syntax "import a.b.c" and
|
|
"from a.b.c import name". No officially supported implementation
|
|
exists, but one can be prototyped by replacing the built-in __import__
|
|
function. A proposal by Ken Manheimer is provided as newimp.py.
|
|
|
|
- All machinery used by the import statement (or the built-in
|
|
__import__ function) is now exposed through the new built-in module
|
|
"imp" (see the library reference manual). All dynamic loading
|
|
machinery is moved to the new file importdl.c.
|
|
|
|
- Persistent storage is supported through the use of the modules
|
|
"pickle" and "shelve" (implemented in Python). There's also a "copy"
|
|
module implementing deepcopy and normal (shallow) copy operations.
|
|
See the library reference manual.
|
|
|
|
- Documentation strings for many objects types are accessible through
|
|
the __doc__ attribute. Modules, classes and functions support special
|
|
syntax to initialize the __doc__ attribute: if the first statement
|
|
consists of just a string literal, that string literal becomes the
|
|
value of the __doc__ attribute. The default __doc__ attribute is
|
|
None. Documentation strings are also supported for built-in
|
|
functions, types and modules; however this feature hasn't been widely
|
|
used yet. See the 'new' module for an example. (Basically, the type
|
|
object's tp_doc field contains the doc string for the type, and the
|
|
4th member of the methodlist structure contains the doc string for the
|
|
method.)
|
|
|
|
- The __coerce__ and __cmp__ methods for user-defined classes once
|
|
again work as expected. As an example, there's a new standard class
|
|
Complex in the library.
|
|
|
|
- The functions posix.popen() and posix.fdopen() now have an optional
|
|
third argument to specify the buffer size, and default their second
|
|
(mode) argument to 'r' -- in analogy to the builtin open() function.
|
|
The same applies to posixfile.open() and the socket method makefile().
|
|
|
|
- The thread.exit_thread() function now raises SystemExit so that
|
|
'finally' clauses are honored and a memory leak is plugged.
|
|
|
|
- Improved X11 and Motif support, by Sjoerd Mullender. This extension
|
|
is being maintained and distributed separately.
|
|
|
|
- Improved support for the Apple Macintosh, in part by Jack Jansen,
|
|
e.g. interfaces to (a few) resource mananger functions, get/set file
|
|
type and creator, gestalt, sound manager, speech manager, MacTCP, comm
|
|
toolbox, and the think C console library. This is being maintained
|
|
and distributed separately.
|
|
|
|
- Improved version for Windows NT, by Mark Hammond. This is being
|
|
maintained and distributed separately.
|
|
|
|
- Used autoconf 2.0 to generate the configure script. Adapted
|
|
configure.in to use the new features in autoconf 2.0.
|
|
|
|
- It now builds on the NeXT without intervention, even on the 3.3
|
|
Sparc pre-release.
|
|
|
|
- Characters passed to isspace() and friends are masked to nonnegative
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
- Correctly compute pow(-3.0, 3).
|
|
|
|
- Fix portability problems with getopt (configure now checks for a
|
|
non-GNU getopt).
|
|
|
|
- Don't add frozenmain.o to libPython.a.
|
|
|
|
- Exceptions can now be classes. ALl built-in exceptions are still
|
|
string objects, but this will change in the future.
|
|
|
|
- The socket module exports a long list of socket related symbols.
|
|
(More built-in modules will export their symbolic constants instead of
|
|
relying on a separately generated Python module.)
|
|
|
|
- When a module object is deleted, it clears out its own dictionary.
|
|
This fixes a circularity in the references between functions and
|
|
their global dictionary.
|
|
|
|
- Changed the error handling by [new]getargs() e.g. for "O&".
|
|
|
|
- Dynamic loading of modules using shared libraries is supported for
|
|
several new platforms.
|
|
|
|
- Support "O&", "[...]" and "{...}" in mkvalue().
|
|
|
|
- Extension to findmethod(): findmethodinchain() (where a chain is a
|
|
linked list of methodlist arrays). The calling interface for
|
|
findmethod() has changed: it now gets a pointer to the (static!)
|
|
methodlist structure rather than just to the function name -- this
|
|
saves copying flags etc. into the (short-lived) method object.
|
|
|
|
- The callable() function is now public.
|
|
|
|
- Object types can define a few new operations by setting function
|
|
pointers in the type object structure: tp_call defines how an object
|
|
is called, and tp_str defines how an object's str() is computed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
===================================
|
|
==> Release 1.1.1 (10 Nov 1994) <==
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
This is a pure bugfix release again. See the ChangeLog file for details.
|
|
|
|
One exception: a few new features were added to tkinter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================
|
|
==> Release 1.1 (11 Oct 1994) <==
|
|
=================================
|
|
|
|
This release adds several new features, improved configuration and
|
|
portability, and fixes more bugs than I can list here (including some
|
|
memory leaks).
|
|
|
|
The source compiles and runs out of the box on more platforms than
|
|
ever -- including Windows NT. Makefiles or projects for a variety of
|
|
non-UNIX platforms are provided.
|
|
|
|
APOLOGY: some new features are badly documented or not at all. I had
|
|
the choice -- postpone the new release indefinitely, or release it
|
|
now, with working code but some undocumented areas. The problem with
|
|
postponing the release is that people continue to suffer from existing
|
|
bugs, and send me patches based on the previous release -- which I
|
|
can't apply directly because my own source has changed. Also, some
|
|
new modules (like signal) have been ready for release for quite some
|
|
time, and people are anxiously waiting for them. In the case of
|
|
signal, the interface is simple enough to figure out without
|
|
documentation (if you're anxious enough :-). In this case it was not
|
|
simple to release the module on its own, since it relies on many small
|
|
patches elsewhere in the source.
|
|
|
|
For most new Python modules, the source code contains comments that
|
|
explain how to use them. Documentation for the Tk interface, written
|
|
by Matt Conway, is available as tkinter-doc.tar.gz from the Python
|
|
home and mirror ftp sites (see Misc/FAQ for ftp addresses). For the
|
|
new operator overloading facilities, have a look at Demo/classes:
|
|
Complex.py and Rat.py show how to implement a numeric type without and
|
|
with __coerce__ method. Also have a look at the end of the Tutorial
|
|
document (Doc/tut.tex). If you're still confused: use the newsgroup
|
|
or mailing list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
New language features:
|
|
|
|
- More flexible operator overloading for user-defined classes
|
|
(INCOMPATIBLE WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS!) See end of tutorial.
|
|
|
|
- Classes can define methods named __getattr__, __setattr__ and
|
|
__delattr__ to trap attribute accesses. See end of tutorial.
|
|
|
|
- Classes can define method __call__ so instances can be called
|
|
directly. See end of tutorial.
|
|
|
|
|
|
New support facilities:
|
|
|
|
- The Makefiles (for the base interpreter as well as for extensions)
|
|
now support creating dynamically loadable modules if the platform
|
|
supports shared libraries.
|
|
|
|
- Passing the interpreter a .pyc file as script argument will execute
|
|
the code in that file. (On the Mac such files can be double-clicked!)
|
|
|
|
- New Freeze script, to create independently distributable "binaries"
|
|
of Python programs -- look in Demo/freeze
|
|
|
|
- Improved h2py script (in Demo/scripts) follows #includes and
|
|
supports macros with one argument
|
|
|
|
- New module compileall generates .pyc files for all modules in a
|
|
directory (tree) without also executing them
|
|
|
|
- Threads should work on more platforms
|
|
|
|
|
|
New built-in modules:
|
|
|
|
- tkinter (support for Tcl's Tk widget set) is now part of the base
|
|
distribution
|
|
|
|
- signal allows catching or ignoring UNIX signals (unfortunately still
|
|
undocumented -- any taker?)
|
|
|
|
- termios provides portable access to POSIX tty settings
|
|
|
|
- curses provides an interface to the System V curses library
|
|
|
|
- syslog provides an interface to the (BSD?) syslog daemon
|
|
|
|
- 'new' provides interfaces to create new built-in object types
|
|
(e.g. modules and functions)
|
|
|
|
- sybase provides an interface to SYBASE database
|
|
|
|
|
|
New/obsolete built-in methods:
|
|
|
|
- callable(x) tests whether x can be called
|
|
|
|
- sockets now have a setblocking() method
|
|
|
|
- sockets no longer have an allowbroadcast() method
|
|
|
|
- socket methods send() and sendto() return byte count
|
|
|
|
|
|
New standard library modules:
|
|
|
|
- types.py defines standard names for built-in types, e.g. StringType
|
|
|
|
- urlparse.py parses URLs according to the latest Internet draft
|
|
|
|
- uu.py does uuencode/uudecode (not the fastest in the world, but
|
|
quicker than installing uuencode on a non-UNIX machine :-)
|
|
|
|
- New, faster and more powerful profile module.py
|
|
|
|
- mhlib.py provides interface to MH folders and messages
|
|
|
|
|
|
New facilities for extension writers (unfortunately still
|
|
undocumented):
|
|
|
|
- newgetargs() supports optional arguments and improved error messages
|
|
|
|
- O!, O& O? formats for getargs allow more versatile type checking of
|
|
non-standard types
|
|
|
|
- can register pending asynchronous callback, to be called the next
|
|
time the Python VM begins a new instruction (Py_AddPendingCall)
|
|
|
|
- can register cleanup routines to be called when Python exits
|
|
(Py_AtExit)
|
|
|
|
- makesetup script understands C++ files in Setup file (use file.C
|
|
or file.cc)
|
|
|
|
- Make variable OPT is passed on to sub-Makefiles
|
|
|
|
- An init<module>() routine may signal an error by not entering
|
|
the module in the module table and raising an exception instead
|
|
|
|
- For long module names, instead of foobarbletchmodule.c you can
|
|
use foobarbletch.c
|
|
|
|
- getintvalue() and getfloatvalue() try to convert any object
|
|
instead of requiring an "intobject" or "floatobject"
|
|
|
|
- All the [new]getargs() formats that retrieve an integer value
|
|
will now also work if a float is passed
|
|
|
|
- C function listtuple() converts list to tuple, fast
|
|
|
|
- You should now call sigcheck() instead of intrcheck();
|
|
sigcheck() also sets an exception when it returns nonzero
|
|
|
|
|
|
====================================
|
|
==> Release 1.0.3 (14 July 1994) <==
|
|
====================================
|
|
|
|
This release consists entirely of bug fixes to the C sources; see the
|
|
head of ../ChangeLog for a complete list. Most important bugs fixed:
|
|
|
|
- Sometimes the format operator (string%expr) would drop the last
|
|
character of the format string
|
|
|
|
- Tokenizer looped when last line did not end in \n
|
|
|
|
- Bug when triple-quoted string ended in quote plus newline
|
|
|
|
- Typo in socketmodule (listen) (== instead of =)
|
|
|
|
- typing vars() at the >>> prompt would cause recursive output
|
|
|
|
|
|
==================================
|
|
==> Release 1.0.2 (4 May 1994) <==
|
|
==================================
|
|
|
|
Overview of the most visible changes. Bug fixes are not listed. See
|
|
also ChangeLog.
|
|
|
|
Tokens
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
* String literals follow Standard C rules: they may be continued on
|
|
the next line using a backslash; adjacent literals are concatenated
|
|
at compile time.
|
|
|
|
* A new kind of string literals, surrounded by triple quotes (""" or
|
|
'''), can be continued on the next line without a backslash.
|
|
|
|
Syntax
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
* Function arguments may have a default value, e.g. def f(a, b=1);
|
|
defaults are evaluated at function definition time. This also applies
|
|
to lambda.
|
|
|
|
* The try-except statement has an optional else clause, which is
|
|
executed when no exception occurs in the try clause.
|
|
|
|
Interpreter
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
* The result of a statement-level expression is no longer printed,
|
|
except_ for expressions entered interactively. Consequently, the -k
|
|
command line option is gone.
|
|
|
|
* The result of the last printed interactive expression is assigned to
|
|
the variable '_'.
|
|
|
|
* Access to implicit global variables has been speeded up by removing
|
|
an always-failing dictionary lookup in the dictionary of local
|
|
variables (mod suggested by Steve Makewski and Tim Peters).
|
|
|
|
* There is a new command line option, -u, to force stdout and stderr
|
|
to be unbuffered.
|
|
|
|
* Incorporated Steve Majewski's mods to import.c for dynamic loading
|
|
under AIX.
|
|
|
|
* Fewer chances of dumping core when trying to reload or re-import
|
|
static built-in, dynamically loaded built-in, or frozen modules.
|
|
|
|
* Loops over sequences now don't ask for the sequence's length when
|
|
they start, but try to access items 0, 1, 2, and so on until they hit
|
|
an IndexError. This makes it possible to create classes that generate
|
|
infinite or indefinite sequences a la Steve Majewski. This affects
|
|
for loops, the (not) in operator, and the built-in functions filter(),
|
|
map(), max(), min(), reduce().
|
|
|
|
Changed Built-in operations
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The '%' operator on strings (printf-style formatting) supports a new
|
|
feature (adapted from a patch by Donald Beaudry) to allow
|
|
'%(<key>)<format>' % {...} to take values from a dictionary by name
|
|
instead of from a tuple by position (see also the new function
|
|
vars()).
|
|
|
|
* The '%s' formatting operator is changed to accept any type and
|
|
convert it to a string using str().
|
|
|
|
* Dictionaries with more than 20,000 entries can now be created
|
|
(thanks to Steve Kirsch).
|
|
|
|
New Built-in Functions
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
* vars() returns a dictionary containing the local variables; vars(m)
|
|
returns a dictionary containing the variables of module m. Note:
|
|
dir(x) is now equivalent to vars(x).keys().
|
|
|
|
Changed Built-in Functions
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
|
|
* open() has an optional third argument to specify the buffer size: 0
|
|
for unbuffered, 1 for line buffered, >1 for explicit buffer size, <0
|
|
for default.
|
|
|
|
* open()'s second argument is now optional; it defaults to "r".
|
|
|
|
* apply() now checks that its second argument is indeed a tuple.
|
|
|
|
New Built-in Modules
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Changed Built-in Modules
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
The thread module no longer supports exit_prog().
|
|
|
|
New Python Modules
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
* Module addpack contains a standard interface to modify sys.path to
|
|
find optional packages (groups of related modules).
|
|
|
|
* Module urllib contains a number of functions to access
|
|
World-Wide-Web files specified by their URL.
|
|
|
|
* Module httplib implements the client side of the HTTP protocol used
|
|
by World-Wide-Web servers.
|
|
|
|
* Module gopherlib implements the client side of the Gopher protocol.
|
|
|
|
* Module mailbox (by Jack Jansen) contains a parser for UNIX and MMDF
|
|
style mailbox files.
|
|
|
|
* Module random contains various random distributions, e.g. gauss().
|
|
|
|
* Module lockfile locks and unlocks open files using fcntl (inspired
|
|
by a similar module by Andy Bensky).
|
|
|
|
* Module ntpath (by Jaap Vermeulen) implements path operations for
|
|
Windows/NT.
|
|
|
|
* Module test_thread (in Lib/test) contains a small test set for the
|
|
thread module.
|
|
|
|
Changed Python Modules
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
* The string module's expandvars() function is now documented and is
|
|
implemented in Python (using regular expressions) instead of forking
|
|
off a shell process.
|
|
|
|
* Module rfc822 now supports accessing the header fields using the
|
|
mapping/dictionary interface, e.g. h['subject'].
|
|
|
|
* Module pdb now makes it possible to set a break on a function
|
|
(syntax: break <expression>, where <expression> yields a function
|
|
object).
|
|
|
|
Changed Demos
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
* The Demo/scripts/freeze.py script is working again (thanks to Jaap
|
|
Vermeulen).
|
|
|
|
New Demos
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
* Demo/threads/Generator.py is a proposed interface for restartable
|
|
functions a la Tim Peters.
|
|
|
|
* Demo/scripts/newslist.py, by Quentin Stafford-Fraser, generates a
|
|
directory full of HTML pages which between them contain links to all
|
|
the newsgroups available on your server.
|
|
|
|
* Demo/dns contains a DNS (Domain Name Server) client.
|
|
|
|
* Demo/lutz contains miscellaneous demos by Mark Lutz (e.g. psh.py, a
|
|
nice enhanced Python shell!!!).
|
|
|
|
* Demo/turing contains a Turing machine by Amrit Prem.
|
|
|
|
Documentation
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
* Documented new language features mentioned above (but not all new
|
|
modules).
|
|
|
|
* Added a chapter to the Tutorial describing recent additions to
|
|
Python.
|
|
|
|
* Clarified some sentences in the reference manual,
|
|
e.g. break/continue, local/global scope, slice assignment.
|
|
|
|
Source Structure
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
* Moved Include/tokenizer.h to Parser/tokenizer.h.
|
|
|
|
* Added Python/getopt.c for systems that don't have it.
|
|
|
|
Emacs mode
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
* Indentation of continuated lines is done more intelligently;
|
|
consequently the variable py-continuation-offset is gone.
|
|
|
|
========================================
|
|
==> Release 1.0.1 (15 February 1994) <==
|
|
========================================
|
|
|
|
* Many portability fixes should make it painless to build Python on
|
|
several new platforms, e.g. NeXT, SEQUENT, WATCOM, DOS, and Windows.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed test for <stdarg.h> -- this broke on some platforms.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed test for shared library dynalic loading -- this broke on SunOS
|
|
4.x using the GNU loader.
|
|
|
|
* Changed order and number of SVR4 networking libraries (it is now
|
|
-lsocket -linet -lnsl, if these libraries exist).
|
|
|
|
* Installing the build intermediate stages with "make libainstall" now
|
|
also installs config.c.in, Setup and makesetup, which are used by the
|
|
new Extensions mechanism.
|
|
|
|
* Improved README file contains more hints and new troubleshooting
|
|
section.
|
|
|
|
* The built-in module strop now defines fast versions of three more
|
|
functions of the standard string module: atoi(), atol() and atof().
|
|
The strop versions of atoi() and atol() support an optional second
|
|
argument to specify the base (default 10). NOTE: you don't have to
|
|
explicitly import strop to use the faster versions -- the string
|
|
module contains code to let versions from stop override the default
|
|
versions.
|
|
|
|
* There is now a working Lib/dospath.py for those who use Python under
|
|
DOS (or Windows). Thanks, Jaap!
|
|
|
|
* There is now a working Modules/dosmodule.c for DOS (or Windows)
|
|
system calls.
|
|
|
|
* Lib.os.py has been reorganized (making it ready for more operating
|
|
systems).
|
|
|
|
* Lib/ospath.py is now obsolete (use os.path instead).
|
|
|
|
* Many fixes to the tutorial to make it match Python 1.0. Thanks,
|
|
Tim!
|
|
|
|
* Fixed Doc/Makefile, Doc/README and various scripts there.
|
|
|
|
* Added missing description of fdopen to Doc/libposix.tex.
|
|
|
|
* Made cleanup() global, for the benefit of embedded applications.
|
|
|
|
* Added parsing of addresses and dates to Lib/rfc822.py.
|
|
|
|
* Small fixes to Lib/aifc.py, Lib/sunau.py, Lib/tzparse.py to make
|
|
them usable at all.
|
|
|
|
* New module Lib/wave.py reads RIFF (*.wav) audio files.
|
|
|
|
* Module Lib/filewin.py moved to Lib/stdwin/filewin.py where it
|
|
belongs.
|
|
|
|
* New options and comments for Modules/makesetup (used by new
|
|
Extension mechanism).
|
|
|
|
* Misc/HYPE contains text of announcement of 1.0.0 in comp.lang.misc
|
|
and elsewhere.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed coredump in filter(None, 'abcdefg').
|
|
|
|
|
|
=======================================
|
|
==> Release 1.0.0 (26 January 1994) <==
|
|
=======================================
|
|
|
|
As is traditional, so many things have changed that I can't pretend to
|
|
be complete in these release notes, but I'll try anyway :-)
|
|
|
|
Note that the very last section is labeled "remaining bugs".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source organization and build process
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The sources have finally been split: instead of a single src
|
|
subdirectory there are now separate directories Include, Parser,
|
|
Grammar, Objects, Python and Modules. Other directories also start
|
|
with a capital letter: Misc, Doc, Lib, Demo.
|
|
|
|
* A few extensions (notably Amoeba and X support) have been moved to a
|
|
separate subtree Extensions, which is no longer in the core
|
|
distribution, but separately ftp'able as extensions.tar.Z. (The
|
|
distribution contains a placeholder Ext-dummy with a description of
|
|
the Extensions subtree as well as the most recent versions of the
|
|
scripts used there.)
|
|
|
|
* A few large specialized demos (SGI video and www) have been
|
|
moved to a separate subdirectory Demo2, which is no longer in the core
|
|
distribution, but separately ftp'able as demo2.tar.Z.
|
|
|
|
* Parts of the standard library have been moved to subdirectories:
|
|
there are now standard subdirectories stdwin, test, sgi and sun4.
|
|
|
|
* The configuration process has radically changed: I now use GNU
|
|
autoconf. This makes it much easier to build on new Unix flavors, as
|
|
well as fully supporting VPATH (if your Make has it). The scripts
|
|
Configure.py and Addmodule.sh are no longer needed. Many source files
|
|
have been adapted in order to work with the symbols that the configure
|
|
script generated by autoconf defines (or not); the resulting source is
|
|
much more portable to different C compilers and operating systems,
|
|
even non Unix systems (a Mac port was done in an afternoon). See the
|
|
toplevel README file for a description of the new build process.
|
|
|
|
* GNU readline (a slightly newer version) is now a subdirectory of the
|
|
Python toplevel. It is still not automatically configured (being
|
|
totally autoconf-unaware :-). One problem has been solved: typing
|
|
Control-C to a readline prompt will now work. The distribution no
|
|
longer contains a "super-level" directory (above the python toplevel
|
|
directory), and dl, dl-dld and GNU dld are no longer part of the
|
|
Python distribution (you can still ftp them from
|
|
ftp.cwi.nl:/pub/dynload).
|
|
|
|
* The DOS functions have been taken out of posixmodule.c and moved
|
|
into a separate file dosmodule.c.
|
|
|
|
* There's now a separate file version.c which contains nothing but
|
|
the version number.
|
|
|
|
* The actual main program is now contained in config.c (unless NO_MAIN
|
|
is defined); pythonmain.c now contains a function realmain() which is
|
|
called from config.c's main().
|
|
|
|
* All files needed to use the built-in module md5 are now contained in
|
|
the distribution. The module has been cleaned up considerably.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Documentation
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
* The library manual has been split into many more small latex files,
|
|
so it is easier to edit Doc/lib.tex file to create a custom library
|
|
manual, describing only those modules supported on your system. (This
|
|
is not automated though.)
|
|
|
|
* A fourth manual has been added, titled "Extending and Embedding the
|
|
Python Interpreter" (Doc/ext.tex), which collects information about
|
|
the interpreter which was previously spread over several files in the
|
|
misc subdirectory.
|
|
|
|
* The entire documentation is now also available on-line for those who
|
|
have a WWW browser (e.g. NCSA Mosaic). Point your browser to the URL
|
|
"http://www.cwi.nl/~guido/Python.html".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syntax
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
* Strings may now be enclosed in double quotes as well as in single
|
|
quotes. There is no difference in interpretation. The repr() of
|
|
string objects will use double quotes if the string contains a single
|
|
quote and no double quotes. Thanks to Amrit Prem for these changes!
|
|
|
|
* There is a new keyword 'exec'. This replaces the exec() built-in
|
|
function. If a function contains an exec statement, local variable
|
|
optimization is not performed for that particular function, thus
|
|
making assignment to local variables in exec statements less
|
|
confusing. (As a consequence, os.exec and python.exec have been
|
|
renamed to execv.)
|
|
|
|
* There is a new keyword 'lambda'. An expression of the form
|
|
|
|
lambda <parameters> : <expression>
|
|
|
|
yields an anonymous function. This is really only syntactic sugar;
|
|
you can just as well define a local function using
|
|
|
|
def some_temporary_name(<parameters>): return <expression>
|
|
|
|
Lambda expressions are particularly useful in combination with map(),
|
|
filter() and reduce(), described below. Thanks to Amrit Prem for
|
|
submitting this code (as well as map(), filter(), reduce() and
|
|
xrange())!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in functions
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
* The built-in module containing the built-in functions is called
|
|
__builtin__ instead of builtin.
|
|
|
|
* New built-in functions map(), filter() and reduce() perform standard
|
|
functional programming operations (though not lazily):
|
|
|
|
- map(f, seq) returns a new sequence whose items are the items from
|
|
seq with f() applied to them.
|
|
|
|
- filter(f, seq) returns a subsequence of seq consisting of those
|
|
items for which f() is true.
|
|
|
|
- reduce(f, seq, initial) returns a value computed as follows:
|
|
acc = initial
|
|
for item in seq: acc = f(acc, item)
|
|
return acc
|
|
|
|
* New function xrange() creates a "range object". Its arguments are
|
|
the same as those of range(), and when used in a for loop a range
|
|
objects also behaves identical. The advantage of xrange() over
|
|
range() is that its representation (if the range contains many
|
|
elements) is much more compact than that of range(). The disadvantage
|
|
is that the result cannot be used to initialize a list object or for
|
|
the "Python idiom" [RED, GREEN, BLUE] = range(3). On some modern
|
|
architectures, benchmarks have shown that "for i in range(...): ..."
|
|
actually executes *faster* than "for i in xrange(...): ...", but on
|
|
memory starved machines like PCs running DOS range(100000) may be just
|
|
too big to be represented at all...
|
|
|
|
* Built-in function exec() has been replaced by the exec statement --
|
|
see above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The interpreter
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
* Syntax errors are now not printed to stderr by the parser, but
|
|
rather the offending line and other relevant information are packed up
|
|
in the SyntaxError exception argument. When the main loop catches a
|
|
SyntaxError exception it will print the error in the same format as
|
|
previously, but at the proper position in the stack traceback.
|
|
|
|
* You can now set a maximum to the number of traceback entries
|
|
printed by assigning to sys.tracebacklimit. The default is 1000.
|
|
|
|
* The version number in .pyc files has changed yet again.
|
|
|
|
* It is now possible to have a .pyc file without a corresponding .py
|
|
file. (Warning: this may break existing installations if you have an
|
|
old .pyc file lingering around somewhere on your module search path
|
|
without a corresponding .py file, when there is a .py file for a
|
|
module of the same name further down the path -- the new interpreter
|
|
will find the first .pyc file and complain about it, while the old
|
|
interpreter would ignore it and use the .py file further down.)
|
|
|
|
* The list sys.builtin_module_names is now sorted and also contains
|
|
the names of a few hardwired built-in modules (sys, __main__ and
|
|
__builtin__).
|
|
|
|
* A module can now find its own name by accessing the global variable
|
|
__name__. Assigning to this variable essentially renames the module
|
|
(it should also be stored under a different key in sys.modules).
|
|
A neat hack follows from this: a module that wants to execute a main
|
|
program when called as a script no longer needs to compare
|
|
sys.argv[0]; it can simply do "if __name__ == '__main__': main()".
|
|
|
|
* When an object is printed by the print statement, its implementation
|
|
of str() is used. This means that classes can define __str__(self) to
|
|
direct how their instances are printed. This is different from
|
|
__repr__(self), which should define an unambigous string
|
|
representation of the instance. (If __str__() is not defined, it
|
|
defaults to __repr__().)
|
|
|
|
* Functions and code objects can now be compared meaningfully.
|
|
|
|
* On systems supporting SunOS or SVR4 style shared libraries, dynamic
|
|
loading of modules using shared libraries is automatically configured.
|
|
Thanks to Bill Jansen and Denis Severson for contributing this change!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in objects
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
* File objects have acquired a new method writelines() which is the
|
|
reverse of readlines(). (It does not actually write lines, just a
|
|
list of strings, but the symmetry makes the choice of name OK.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in modules
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
* Socket objects no longer support the avail() method. Use the select
|
|
module instead, or use this function to replace it:
|
|
|
|
def avail(f):
|
|
import select
|
|
return f in select.select([f], [], [], 0)[0]
|
|
|
|
* Initialization of stdwin is done differently. It actually modifies
|
|
sys.argv (taking out the options the X version of stdwin recognizes)
|
|
the first time it is imported.
|
|
|
|
* A new built-in module parser provides a rudimentary interface to the
|
|
python parser. Corresponding standard library modules token and symbol
|
|
defines the numeric values of tokens and non-terminal symbols.
|
|
|
|
* The posix module has aquired new functions setuid(), setgid(),
|
|
execve(), and exec() has been renamed to execv().
|
|
|
|
* The array module is extended with 8-byte object swaps, the 'i'
|
|
format character, and a reverse() method. The read() and write()
|
|
methods are renamed to fromfile() and tofile().
|
|
|
|
* The rotor module has freed of portability bugs. This introduces a
|
|
backward compatibility problem: strings encoded with the old rotor
|
|
module can't be decoded by the new version.
|
|
|
|
* For select.select(), a timeout (4th) argument of None means the same
|
|
as leaving the timeout argument out.
|
|
|
|
* Module strop (and hence standard library module string) has aquired
|
|
a new function: rindex(). Thanks to Amrit Prem!
|
|
|
|
* Module regex defines a new function symcomp() which uses an extended
|
|
regular expression syntax: parenthesized subexpressions may be labeled
|
|
using the form "\(<labelname>...\)", and the group() method can return
|
|
sub-expressions by name. Thanks to Tracy Tims for these changes!
|
|
|
|
* Multiple threads are now supported on Solaris 2. Thanks to Sjoerd
|
|
Mullender!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standard library modules
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The library is now split in several subdirectories: all stuff using
|
|
stdwin is in Lib/stdwin, all SGI specific (or SGI Indigo or GL) stuff
|
|
is in Lib/sgi, all Sun Sparc specific stuff is in Lib/sun4, and all
|
|
test modules are in Lib/test. The default module search path will
|
|
include all relevant subdirectories by default.
|
|
|
|
* Module os now knows about trying to import dos. It defines
|
|
functions execl(), execle(), execlp() and execvp().
|
|
|
|
* New module dospath (should be attacked by a DOS hacker though).
|
|
|
|
* All modules defining classes now define __init__() constructors
|
|
instead of init() methods. THIS IS AN INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!
|
|
|
|
* Some minor changes and bugfixes module ftplib (mostly Steve
|
|
Majewski's suggestions); the debug() method is renamed to
|
|
set_debuglevel().
|
|
|
|
* Some new test modules (not run automatically by testall though):
|
|
test_audioop, test_md5, test_rgbimg, test_select.
|
|
|
|
* Module string now defines rindex() and rfind() in analogy of index()
|
|
and find(). It also defines atof() and atol() (and corresponding
|
|
exceptions) in analogy to atoi().
|
|
|
|
* Added help() functions to modules profile and pdb.
|
|
|
|
* The wdb debugger (now in Lib/stdwin) now shows class or instance
|
|
variables on a double click. Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender!
|
|
|
|
* The (undocumented) module lambda has gone -- you couldn't import it
|
|
any more, and it was basically more a demo than a library module...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multimedia extensions
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
* The optional built-in modules audioop and imageop are now standard
|
|
parts of the interpreter. Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender and Jack Jansen
|
|
for contributing this code!
|
|
|
|
* There's a new operation in audioop: minmax().
|
|
|
|
* There's a new built-in module called rgbimg which supports portable
|
|
efficient reading of SGI RCG image files. Thanks also to Paul
|
|
Haeberli for the original code! (Who will contribute a GIF reader?)
|
|
|
|
* The module aifc is gone -- you should now always use aifc, which has
|
|
received a facelift.
|
|
|
|
* There's a new module sunau., for reading Sun (and NeXT) audio files.
|
|
|
|
* There's a new module audiodev which provides a uniform interface to
|
|
(SGI Indigo and Sun Sparc) audio hardware.
|
|
|
|
* There's a new module sndhdr which recognizes various sound files by
|
|
looking in their header and checking for various magic words.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optimizations
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
* Most optimizations below can be configured by compile-time flags.
|
|
Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender for submitting these optimizations!
|
|
|
|
* Small integers (default -1..99) are shared -- i.e. if two different
|
|
functions compute the same value it is possible (but not
|
|
guaranteed!!!) that they return the same *object*. Python programs
|
|
can detect this but should *never* rely on it.
|
|
|
|
* Empty tuples (which all compare equal) are shared in the same
|
|
manner.
|
|
|
|
* Tuples of size up to 20 (default) are put in separate free lists
|
|
when deallocated.
|
|
|
|
* There is a compile-time option to cache a string's hash function,
|
|
but this appeared to have a negligeable effect, and as it costs 4
|
|
bytes per string it is disabled by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Embedding Python
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
* The initialization interface has been simplified somewhat. You now
|
|
only call "initall()" to initialize the interpreter.
|
|
|
|
* The previously announced renaming of externally visible identifiers
|
|
has not been carried out. It will happen in a later release. Sorry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous bugs that have been fixed
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* All known portability bugs.
|
|
|
|
* Version 0.9.9 dumped core in <listobject>.sort() which has been
|
|
fixed. Thanks to Jaap Vermeulen for fixing this and posting the fix
|
|
on the mailing list while I was away!
|
|
|
|
* Core dump on a format string ending in '%', e.g. in the expression
|
|
'%' % None.
|
|
|
|
* The array module yielded a bogus result for concatenation (a+b would
|
|
yield a+a).
|
|
|
|
* Some serious memory leaks in strop.split() and strop.splitfields().
|
|
|
|
* Several problems with the nis module.
|
|
|
|
* Subtle problem when copying a class method from another class
|
|
through assignment (the method could not be called).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining bugs
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
* One problem with 64-bit machines remains -- since .pyc files are
|
|
portable and use only 4 bytes to represent an integer object, 64-bit
|
|
integer literals are silently truncated when written into a .pyc file.
|
|
Work-around: use eval('123456789101112').
|
|
|
|
* The freeze script doesn't work any more. A new and more portable
|
|
one can probably be cooked up using tricks from Extensions/mkext.py.
|
|
|
|
* The dos support hasn't been tested yet. (Really Soon Now we should
|
|
have a PC with a working C compiler!)
|
|
|
|
|
|
===================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.9 (29 Jul 1993) <==
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
I *believe* these are the main user-visible changes in this release,
|
|
but there may be others. SGI users may scan the {src,lib}/ChangeLog
|
|
files for improvements of some SGI specific modules, e.g. aifc and
|
|
cl. Developers of extension modules should also read src/ChangeLog.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Naming of C symbols used by the Python interpreter
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* This is the last release using the current naming conventions. New
|
|
naming conventions are explained in the file misc/NAMING.
|
|
Summarizing, all externally visible symbols get (at least) a "Py"
|
|
prefix, and most functions are renamed to the standard form
|
|
PyModule_FunctionName.
|
|
|
|
* Writers of extensions are urged to start using the new naming
|
|
conventions. The next release will use the new naming conventions
|
|
throughout (it will also have a different source directory
|
|
structure).
|
|
|
|
* As a result of the preliminary work for the great renaming, many
|
|
functions that were accidentally global have been made static.
|
|
|
|
|
|
BETA X11 support
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
* There are now modules interfacing to the X11 Toolkit Intrinsics, the
|
|
Athena widgets, and the Motif 1.1 widget set. These are not yet
|
|
documented except through the examples and README file in the demo/x11
|
|
directory. It is expected that this interface will be replaced by a
|
|
more powerful and correct one in the future, which may or may not be
|
|
backward compatible. In other words, this part of the code is at most
|
|
BETA level software! (Note: the rest of Python is rock solid as ever!)
|
|
|
|
* I understand that the above may be a bit of a disappointment,
|
|
however my current schedule does not allow me to change this situation
|
|
before putting the release out of the door. By releasing it
|
|
undocumented and buggy, at least some of the (working!) demo programs,
|
|
like itr (my Internet Talk Radio browser) become available to a larger
|
|
audience.
|
|
|
|
* There are also modules interfacing to SGI's "Glx" widget (a GL
|
|
window wrapped in a widget) and to NCSA's "HTML" widget (which can
|
|
format HyperText Markup Language, the document format used by the
|
|
World Wide Web).
|
|
|
|
* I've experienced some problems when building the X11 support. In
|
|
particular, the Xm and Xaw widget sets don't go together, and it
|
|
appears that using X11R5 is better than using X11R4. Also the threads
|
|
module and its link time options may spoil things. My own strategy is
|
|
to build two Python binaries: one for use with X11 and one without
|
|
it, which can contain a richer set of built-in modules. Don't even
|
|
*think* of loading the X11 modules dynamically...
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental changes
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
* Compiled files (*.pyc files) created by this Python version are
|
|
incompatible with those created by the previous version. Both
|
|
versions detect this and silently create a correct version, but it
|
|
means that it is not a good idea to use the same library directory for
|
|
an old and a new interpreter, since they will start to "fight" over
|
|
the *.pyc files...
|
|
|
|
* When a stack trace is printed, the exception is printed last instead
|
|
of first. This means that if the beginning of the stack trace
|
|
scrolled out of your window you can still see what exception caused
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
* Sometimes interrupting a Python operation does not work because it
|
|
hangs in a blocking system call. You can now kill the interpreter by
|
|
interrupting it three times. The second time you interrupt it, a
|
|
message will be printed telling you that the third interrupt will kill
|
|
the interpreter. The "sys.exitfunc" feature still makes limited
|
|
clean-up possible in this case.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the command line interface
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The python usage message is now much more informative.
|
|
|
|
* New option -i enters interactive mode after executing a script --
|
|
useful for debugging.
|
|
|
|
* New option -k raises an exception when an expression statement
|
|
yields a value other than None.
|
|
|
|
* For each option there is now also a corresponding environment
|
|
variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using Python as an embedded language
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The distribution now contains (some) documentation on the use of
|
|
Python as an "embedded language" in other applications, as well as a
|
|
simple example. See the file misc/EMBEDDING and the directory embed/.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Speed improvements
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
* Function local variables are now generally stored in an array and
|
|
accessed using an integer indexing operation, instead of through a
|
|
dictionary lookup. (This compensates the somewhat slower dictionary
|
|
lookup caused by the generalization of the dictionary module.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the syntax
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
* Continuation lines can now *sometimes* be written without a
|
|
backslash: if the continuation is contained within nesting (), [] or
|
|
{} brackets the \ may be omitted. There's a much improved
|
|
python-mode.el in the misc directory which knows about this as well.
|
|
|
|
* You can no longer use an empty set of parentheses to define a class
|
|
without base classes. That is, you no longer write this:
|
|
|
|
class Foo(): # syntax error
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
You must write this instead:
|
|
|
|
class Foo:
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
This was already the preferred syntax in release 0.9.8 but many
|
|
people seemed not to have picked it up. There's a Python script that
|
|
fixes old code: demo/scripts/classfix.py.
|
|
|
|
* There's a new reserved word: "access". The syntax and semantics are
|
|
still subject of of research and debate (as well as undocumented), but
|
|
the parser knows about the keyword so you must not use it as a
|
|
variable, function, or attribute name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the semantics of the language proper
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The following compatibility hack is removed: if a function was
|
|
defined with two or more arguments, and called with a single argument
|
|
that was a tuple with just as many arguments, the items of this tuple
|
|
would be used as the arguments. This is no longer supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the semantics of classes and instances
|
|
-------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* Class variables are now also accessible as instance variables for
|
|
reading (assignment creates an instance variable which overrides the
|
|
class variable of the same name though).
|
|
|
|
* If a class attribute is a user-defined function, a new kind of
|
|
object is returned: an "unbound method". This contains a pointer to
|
|
the class and can only be called with a first argument which is a
|
|
member of that class (or a derived class).
|
|
|
|
* If a class defines a method __init__(self, arg1, ...) then this
|
|
method is called when a class instance is created by the classname()
|
|
construct. Arguments passed to classname() are passed to the
|
|
__init__() method. The __init__() methods of base classes are not
|
|
automatically called; the derived __init__() method must call these if
|
|
necessary (this was done so the derived __init__() method can choose
|
|
the call order and arguments for the base __init__() methods).
|
|
|
|
* If a class defines a method __del__(self) then this method is called
|
|
when an instance of the class is about to be destroyed. This makes it
|
|
possible to implement clean-up of external resources attached to the
|
|
instance. As with __init__(), the __del__() methods of base classes
|
|
are not automatically called. If __del__ manages to store a reference
|
|
to the object somewhere, its destruction is postponed; when the object
|
|
is again about to be destroyed its __del__() method will be called
|
|
again.
|
|
|
|
* Classes may define a method __hash__(self) to allow their instances
|
|
to be used as dictionary keys. This must return a 32-bit integer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minor improvements
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
* Function and class objects now know their name (the name given in
|
|
the 'def' or 'class' statement that created them).
|
|
|
|
* Class instances now know their class name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to built-in operations
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The % operator with a string left argument implements formatting
|
|
similar to sprintf() in C. The right argument is either a single
|
|
value or a tuple of values. All features of Standard C sprintf() are
|
|
supported except %p.
|
|
|
|
* Dictionaries now support almost any key type, instead of just
|
|
strings. (The key type must be an immutable type or must be a class
|
|
instance where the class defines a method __hash__(), in order to
|
|
avoid losing track of keys whose value may change.)
|
|
|
|
* Built-in methods are now compared properly: when comparing x.meth1
|
|
and y.meth2, if x is equal to y and the methods are defined by the
|
|
same function, x.meth1 compares equal to y.meth2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to built-in functions
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* str(x) returns a string version of its argument. If the argument is
|
|
a string it is returned unchanged, otherwise it returns `x`.
|
|
|
|
* repr(x) returns the same as `x`. (Some users found it easier to
|
|
have this as a function.)
|
|
|
|
* round(x) returns the floating point number x rounded to an whole
|
|
number, represented as a floating point number. round(x, n) returns x
|
|
rounded to n digits.
|
|
|
|
* hasattr(x, name) returns true when x has an attribute with the given
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
* hash(x) returns a hash code (32-bit integer) of an arbitrary
|
|
immutable object's value.
|
|
|
|
* id(x) returns a unique identifier (32-bit integer) of an arbitrary
|
|
object.
|
|
|
|
* compile() compiles a string to a Python code object.
|
|
|
|
* exec() and eval() now support execution of code objects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the documented part of the library (standard modules)
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* os.path.normpath() (a.k.a. posixpath.normpath()) has been fixed so
|
|
the border case '/foo/..' returns '/' instead of ''.
|
|
|
|
* A new function string.find() is added with similar semantics to
|
|
string.index(); however when it does not find the given substring it
|
|
returns -1 instead of raising string.index_error.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to built-in modules
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
* New optional module 'array' implements operations on sequences of
|
|
integers or floating point numbers of a particular size. This is
|
|
useful to manipulate large numerical arrays or to read and write
|
|
binary files consisting of numerical data.
|
|
|
|
* Regular expression objects created by module regex now support a new
|
|
method named group(), which returns one or more \(...\) groups by number.
|
|
The number of groups is increased from 10 to 100.
|
|
|
|
* Function compile() in module regex now supports an optional mapping
|
|
argument; a variable casefold is added to the module which can be used
|
|
as a standard uppercase to lowercase mapping.
|
|
|
|
* Module time now supports many routines that are defined in the
|
|
Standard C time interface (<time.h>): gmtime(), localtime(),
|
|
asctime(), ctime(), mktime(), as well as these variables (taken from
|
|
System V): timezone, altzone, daylight and tzname. (The corresponding
|
|
functions in the undocumented module calendar have been removed; the
|
|
undocumented and unfinished module tzparse is now obsolete and will
|
|
disappear in a future release.)
|
|
|
|
* Module strop (the fast built-in version of standard module string)
|
|
now uses C's definition of whitespace instead of fixing it to space,
|
|
tab and newline; in practice this usually means that vertical tab,
|
|
form feed and return are now also considered whitespace. It exports
|
|
the string of characters that are considered whitespace as well as the
|
|
characters that are considered lowercase or uppercase.
|
|
|
|
* Module sys now defines the variable builtin_module_names, a list of
|
|
names of modules built into the current interpreter (including not
|
|
yet imported, but excluding two special modules that always have to be
|
|
defined -- sys and builtin).
|
|
|
|
* Objects created by module sunaudiodev now also support flush() and
|
|
close() methods.
|
|
|
|
* Socket objects created by module socket now support an optional
|
|
flags argument for their methods sendto() and recvfrom().
|
|
|
|
* Module marshal now supports dumping to and loading from strings,
|
|
through the functions dumps() and loads().
|
|
|
|
* Module stdwin now supports some new functionality. You may have to
|
|
ftp the latest version: ftp.cwi.nl:/pub/stdwin/stdwinforviews.tar.Z.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bugs fixed
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
* Fixed comparison of negative long integers.
|
|
|
|
* The tokenizer no longer botches input lines longer than BUFSIZ.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed several severe memory leaks in module select.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed memory leaks in modules socket and sv.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed memory leak in divmod() for long integers.
|
|
|
|
* Problems with definition of floatsleep() on Suns fixed.
|
|
|
|
* Many portability bugs fixed (and undoubtedly new ones added :-).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the build procedure
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* The Makefile supports some new targets: "make default" and "make
|
|
all". Both are by normally equivalent to "make python".
|
|
|
|
* The Makefile no longer uses $> since it's not supported by all
|
|
versions of Make.
|
|
|
|
* The header files now all contain #ifdef constructs designed to make
|
|
it safe to include the same header file twice, as well as support for
|
|
inclusion from C++ programs (automatic extern "C" { ... } added).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Freezing Python scripts
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
* There is now some support for "freezing" a Python script as a
|
|
stand-alone executable binary file. See the script
|
|
demo/scripts/freeze.py. It will require some site-specific tailoring
|
|
of the script to get this working, but is quite worthwhile if you write
|
|
Python code for other who may not have built and installed Python.
|
|
|
|
|
|
MS-DOS
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
* A new MS-DOS port has been done, using MSC 6.0 (I believe). Thanks,
|
|
Marcel van der Peijl! This requires fewer compatibility hacks in
|
|
posixmodule.c. The executable is not yet available but will be soon
|
|
(check the mailing list).
|
|
|
|
* The default PYTHONPATH has changed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes for developers of extension modules
|
|
-------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
* Read src/ChangeLog for full details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SGI specific changes
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
* Read src/ChangeLog for full details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
==================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.8 (9 Jan 1993) <==
|
|
==================================
|
|
|
|
I claim no completeness here, but I've tried my best to scan the log
|
|
files throughout my source tree for interesting bits of news. A more
|
|
complete account of the changes is to be found in the various
|
|
ChangeLog files. See also "News for release 0.9.7beta" below if you're
|
|
still using release 0.9.6, and the file HISTORY if you have an even
|
|
older release.
|
|
|
|
--Guido
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the language proper
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
There's only one big change: the conformance checking for function
|
|
argument lists (of user-defined functions only) is stricter. Earlier,
|
|
you could get away with the following:
|
|
|
|
(a) define a function of one argument and call it with any
|
|
number of arguments; if the actual argument count wasn't
|
|
one, the function would receive a tuple containing the
|
|
arguments arguments (an empty tuple if there were none).
|
|
|
|
(b) define a function of two arguments, and call it with more
|
|
than two arguments; if there were more than two arguments,
|
|
the second argument would be passed as a tuple containing
|
|
the second and further actual arguments.
|
|
|
|
(Note that an argument (formal or actual) that is a tuple is counted as
|
|
one; these rules don't apply inside such tuples, only at the top level
|
|
of the argument list.)
|
|
|
|
Case (a) was needed to accommodate variable-length argument lists;
|
|
there is now an explicit "varargs" feature (precede the last argument
|
|
with a '*'). Case (b) was needed for compatibility with old class
|
|
definitions: up to release 0.9.4 a method with more than one argument
|
|
had to be declared as "def meth(self, (arg1, arg2, ...)): ...".
|
|
Version 0.9.6 provide better ways to handle both casees, bot provided
|
|
backward compatibility; version 0.9.8 retracts the compatibility hacks
|
|
since they also cause confusing behavior if a function is called with
|
|
the wrong number of arguments.
|
|
|
|
There's a script that helps converting classes that still rely on (b),
|
|
provided their methods' first argument is called "self":
|
|
demo/scripts/methfix.py.
|
|
|
|
If this change breaks lots of code you have developed locally, try
|
|
#defining COMPAT_HACKS in ceval.c.
|
|
|
|
(There's a third compatibility hack, which is the reverse of (a): if a
|
|
function is defined with two or more arguments, and called with a
|
|
single argument that is a tuple with just as many arguments, the items
|
|
of this tuple will be used as the arguments. Although this can (and
|
|
should!) be done using the built-in function apply() instead, it isn't
|
|
withdrawn yet.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
One minor change: comparing instance methods works like expected, so
|
|
that if x is an instance of a user-defined class and has a method m,
|
|
then (x.m==x.m) yields 1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following was already present in 0.9.7beta, but not explicitly
|
|
mentioned in the NEWS file: user-defined classes can now define types
|
|
that behave in almost allrespects like numbers. See
|
|
demo/classes/Rat.py for a simple example.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the build process
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
The Configure.py script and the Makefile has been made somewhat more
|
|
bullet-proof, after reports of (minor) trouble on certain platforms.
|
|
|
|
There is now a script to patch Makefile and config.c to add a new
|
|
optional built-in module: Addmodule.sh. Read the script before using!
|
|
|
|
Useing Addmodule.sh, all optional modules can now be configured at
|
|
compile time using Configure.py, so there are no modules left that
|
|
require dynamic loading.
|
|
|
|
The Makefile has been fixed to make it easier to use with the VPATH
|
|
feature of some Make versions (e.g. SunOS).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes affecting portability
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
Several minor portability problems have been solved, e.g. "malloc.h"
|
|
has been renamed to "mymalloc.h", "strdup.c" is no longer used, and
|
|
the system now tolerates malloc(0) returning 0.
|
|
|
|
For dynamic loading on the SGI, Jack Jansen's dl 1.6 is now
|
|
distributed with Python. This solves several minor problems, in
|
|
particular scripts invoked using #! can now use dynamic loading.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the interpreter interface
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
On popular demand, there's finally a "profile" feature for interactive
|
|
use of the interpreter. If the environment variable $PYTHONSTARTUP is
|
|
set to the name of an existing file, Python statements in this file
|
|
are executed when the interpreter is started in interactive mode.
|
|
|
|
There is a new clean-up mechanism, complementing try...finally: if you
|
|
assign a function object to sys.exitfunc, it will be called when
|
|
Python exits or receives a SIGTERM or SIGHUP signal.
|
|
|
|
The interpreter is now generally assumed to live in
|
|
/usr/local/bin/python (as opposed to /usr/local/python). The script
|
|
demo/scripts/fixps.py will update old scripts in place (you can easily
|
|
modify it to do other similar changes).
|
|
|
|
Most I/O that uses sys.stdin/stdout/stderr will now use any object
|
|
assigned to those names as long as the object supports readline() or
|
|
write() methods.
|
|
|
|
The parser stack has been increased to 500 to accommodate more
|
|
complicated expressions (7 levels used to be the practical maximum,
|
|
it's now about 38).
|
|
|
|
The limit on the size of the *run-time* stack has completely been
|
|
removed -- this means that tuple or list displays can contain any
|
|
number of elements (formerly more than 50 would crash the
|
|
interpreter).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to existing built-in functions and methods
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The built-in functions int(), long(), float(), oct() and hex() now
|
|
also apply to class instalces that define corresponding methods
|
|
(__int__ etc.).
|
|
|
|
|
|
New built-in functions
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
The new functions str() and repr() convert any object to a string.
|
|
The function repr(x) is in all respects equivalent to `x` -- some
|
|
people prefer a function for this. The function str(x) does the same
|
|
except if x is already a string -- then it returns x unchanged
|
|
(repr(x) adds quotes and escapes "funny" characters as octal escapes).
|
|
|
|
The new function cmp(x, y) returns -1 if x<y, 0 if x==y, 1 if x>y.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to general built-in modules
|
|
-----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The time module's functions are more general: time() returns a
|
|
floating point number and sleep() accepts one. Their accuracies
|
|
depends on the precision of the system clock. Millisleep is no longer
|
|
needed (although it still exists for now), but millitimer is still
|
|
needed since on some systems wall clock time is only available with
|
|
seconds precision, while a source of more precise time exists that
|
|
isn't synchronized with the wall clock. (On UNIX systems that support
|
|
the BSD gettimeofday() function, time.time() is as time.millitimer().)
|
|
|
|
The string representation of a file object now includes an address:
|
|
'<file 'filename', mode 'r' at #######>' where ###### is a hex number
|
|
(the object's address) to make it unique.
|
|
|
|
New functions added to posix: nice(), setpgrp(), and if your system
|
|
supports them: setsid(), setpgid(), tcgetpgrp(), tcsetpgrp().
|
|
|
|
Improvements to the socket module: socket objects have new methods
|
|
getpeername() and getsockname(), and the {get,set}sockopt methods can
|
|
now get/set any kind of option using strings built with the new struct
|
|
module. And there's a new function fromfd() which creates a socket
|
|
object given a file descriptor (useful for servers started by inetd,
|
|
which have a socket connected to stdin and stdout).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to SGI-specific built-in modules
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The FORMS library interface (fl) now requires FORMS 2.1a. Some new
|
|
functions have been added and some bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
|
Additions to al (audio library interface): added getname(),
|
|
getdefault() and getminmax().
|
|
|
|
The gl modules doesn't call "foreground()" when initialized (this
|
|
caused some problems) like it dit in 0.9.7beta (but not before).
|
|
There's a new gl function 'gversion() which returns a version string.
|
|
|
|
The interface to sv (Indigo video interface) has totally changed.
|
|
(Sorry, still no documentation, but see the examples in
|
|
demo/sgi/{sv,video}.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to standard library modules
|
|
-----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Most functions in module string are now much faster: they're actually
|
|
implemented in C. The module containing the C versions is called
|
|
"strop" but you should still import "string" since strop doesn't
|
|
provide all the interfaces defined in string (and strop may be renamed
|
|
to string when it is complete in a future release).
|
|
|
|
string.index() now accepts an optional third argument giving an index
|
|
where to start searching in the first argument, so you can find second
|
|
and further occurrences (this is similar to the regular expression
|
|
functions in regex).
|
|
|
|
The definition of what string.splitfields(anything, '') should return
|
|
is changed for the last time: it returns a singleton list containing
|
|
its whole first argument unchanged. This is compatible with
|
|
regsub.split() which also ignores empty delimiter matches.
|
|
|
|
posixpath, macpath: added dirname() and normpath() (and basename() to
|
|
macpath).
|
|
|
|
The mainloop module (for use with stdwin) can now demultiplex input
|
|
from other sources, as long as they can be polled with select().
|
|
|
|
|
|
New built-in modules
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Module struct defines functions to pack/unpack values to/from strings
|
|
representing binary values in native byte order.
|
|
|
|
Module strop implements C versions of many functions from string (see
|
|
above).
|
|
|
|
Optional module fcntl defines interfaces to fcntl() and ioctl() --
|
|
UNIX only. (Not yet properly documented -- see however src/fcntl.doc.)
|
|
|
|
Optional module mpz defines an interface to an altaernative long
|
|
integer implementation, the GNU MPZ library.
|
|
|
|
Optional module md5 uses the GNU MPZ library to calculate MD5
|
|
signatures of strings.
|
|
|
|
There are also optional new modules specific to SGI machines: imageop
|
|
defines some simple operations to images represented as strings; sv
|
|
interfaces to the Indigo video board; cl interfaces to the (yet
|
|
unreleased) compression library.
|
|
|
|
|
|
New standard library modules
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
(Unfortunately the following modules are not all documented; read the
|
|
sources to find out more about them!)
|
|
|
|
autotest: run testall without showing any output unless it differs
|
|
from the expected output
|
|
|
|
bisect: use bisection to insert or find an item in a sorted list
|
|
|
|
colorsys: defines conversions between various color systems (e.g. RGB
|
|
<-> YUV)
|
|
|
|
nntplib: a client interface to NNTP servers
|
|
|
|
pipes: utility to construct pipeline from templates, e.g. for
|
|
conversion from one file format to another using several utilities.
|
|
|
|
regsub: contains three functions that are more or less compatible with
|
|
awk functions of the same name: sub() and gsub() do string
|
|
substitution, split() splits a string using a regular expression to
|
|
define how separators are define.
|
|
|
|
test_types: test operations on the built-in types of Python
|
|
|
|
toaiff: convert various audio file formats to AIFF format
|
|
|
|
tzparse: parse the TZ environment parameter (this may be less general
|
|
than it could be, let me know if you fix it).
|
|
|
|
(Note that the obsolete module "path" no longer exists.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New SGI-specific library modules
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
|
|
CL: constants for use with the built-in compression library interface (cl)
|
|
|
|
Queue: a multi-producer, multi-consumer queue class implemented for
|
|
use with the built-in thread module
|
|
|
|
SOCKET: constants for use with built-in module socket, e.g. to set/get
|
|
socket options. This is SGI-specific because the constants to be
|
|
passed are system-dependent. You can generate a version for your own
|
|
system by running the script demo/scripts/h2py.py with
|
|
/usr/include/sys/socket.h as input.
|
|
|
|
cddb: interface to the database used the the CD player
|
|
|
|
torgb: convert various image file types to rgb format (requires pbmplus)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New demos
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
There's an experimental interface to define Sun RPC clients and
|
|
servers in demo/rpc.
|
|
|
|
There's a collection of interfaces to WWW, WAIS and Gopher (both
|
|
Python classes and program providing a user interface) in demo/www.
|
|
This includes a program texi2html.py which converts texinfo files to
|
|
HTML files (the format used hy WWW).
|
|
|
|
The ibrowse demo has moved from demo/stdwin/ibrowse to demo/ibrowse.
|
|
|
|
For SGI systems, there's a whole collection of programs and classes
|
|
that make use of the Indigo video board in demo/sgi/{sv,video}. This
|
|
represents a significant amount of work that we're giving away!
|
|
|
|
There are demos "rsa" and "md5test" that exercise the mpz and md5
|
|
modules, respectively. The rsa demo is a complete implementation of
|
|
the RSA public-key cryptosystem!
|
|
|
|
A bunch of games and examples submitted by Stoffel Erasmus have been
|
|
included in demo/stoffel.
|
|
|
|
There are miscellaneous new files in some existing demo
|
|
subdirectories: classes/bitvec.py, scripts/{fixps,methfix}.py,
|
|
sgi/al/cmpaf.py, sockets/{mcast,gopher}.py.
|
|
|
|
There are also many minor changes to existing files, but I'm too lazy
|
|
to run a diff and note the differences -- you can do this yourself if
|
|
you save the old distribution's demos. One highlight: the
|
|
stdwin/python.py demo is much improved!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the documentation
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
The LaTeX source for the library uses different macros to enable it to
|
|
be converted to texinfo, and from there to INFO or HTML format so it
|
|
can be browsed as a hypertext. The net result is that you can now
|
|
read the Python library documentation in Emacs info mode!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the source code that affect C extension writers
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The function strdup() no longer exists (it was used only in one places
|
|
and is somewhat of a a portability problem sice some systems have the
|
|
same function in their C library.
|
|
|
|
The functions NEW() and RENEW() allocate one spare byte to guard
|
|
against a NULL return from malloc(0) being taken for an error, but
|
|
this should not be relied upon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=========================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.7beta <==
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the language proper
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
User-defined classes can now implement operations invoked through
|
|
special syntax, such as x[i] or `x` by defining methods named
|
|
__getitem__(self, i) or __repr__(self), etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the build process
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
Instead of extensive manual editing of the Makefile to select
|
|
compile-time options, you can now run a Configure.py script.
|
|
The Makefile as distributed builds a minimal interpreter sufficient to
|
|
run Configure.py. See also misc/BUILD
|
|
|
|
The Makefile now includes more "utility" targets, e.g. install and
|
|
tags/TAGS
|
|
|
|
Using the provided strtod.c and strtol.c are now separate options, as
|
|
on the Sun the provided strtod.c dumps core :-(
|
|
|
|
The regex module is now an option chosen by the Makefile, since some
|
|
(old) C compilers choke on regexpr.c
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes affecting portability
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
You need STDWIN version 0.9.7 (released 30 June 1992) for the stdwin
|
|
interface
|
|
|
|
Dynamic loading is now supported for Sun (and other non-COFF systems)
|
|
throug dld-3.2.3, as well as for SGI (a new version of Jack Jansen's
|
|
DL is out, 1.4)
|
|
|
|
The system-dependent code for the use of the select() system call is
|
|
moved to one file: myselect.h
|
|
|
|
Thanks to Jaap Vermeulen, the code should now port cleanly to the
|
|
SEQUENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the interpreter interface
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The interpretation of $PYTHONPATH in the environment is different: it
|
|
is inserted in front of the default path instead of overriding it
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to existing built-in functions and methods
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
List objects now support an optional argument to their sort() method,
|
|
which is a comparison function similar to qsort(3) in C
|
|
|
|
File objects now have a method fileno(), used by the new select module
|
|
(see below)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New built-in function
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
coerce(x, y): take two numbers and return a tuple containing them
|
|
both converted to a common type
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to built-in modules
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
sys: fixed core dumps in settrace() and setprofile()
|
|
|
|
socket: added socket methods setsockopt() and getsockopt(); and
|
|
fileno(), used by the new select module (see below)
|
|
|
|
stdwin: added fileno() == connectionnumber(), in support of new module
|
|
select (see below)
|
|
|
|
posix: added get{eg,eu,g,u}id(); waitpid() is now a separate function.
|
|
|
|
gl: added qgetfd()
|
|
|
|
fl: added several new functions, fixed several obscure bugs, adapted
|
|
to FORMS 2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to standard modules
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
posixpath: changed implementation of ismount()
|
|
|
|
string: atoi() no longer mistakes leading zero for octal number
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
New built-in modules
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Modules marked "dynamic only" are not configured at compile time but
|
|
can be loaded dynamically. You need to turn on the DL or DLD option in
|
|
the Makefile for support dynamic loading of modules (this requires
|
|
external code).
|
|
|
|
select: interfaces to the BSD select() system call
|
|
|
|
dbm: interfaces to the (new) dbm library (dynamic only)
|
|
|
|
nis: interfaces to some NIS functions (aka yellow pages)
|
|
|
|
thread: limited form of multiple threads (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
audioop: operations useful for audio programs, e.g. u-LAW and ADPCM
|
|
coding (dynamic only)
|
|
|
|
cd: interface to Indigo SCSI CDROM player audio library (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
jpeg: read files in JPEG format (dynamic only, sgi only; needs
|
|
external code)
|
|
|
|
imgfile: read SGI image files (dynamic only, sgi only)
|
|
|
|
sunaudiodev: interface to sun's /dev/audio (dynamic only, sun only)
|
|
|
|
sv: interface to Indigo video library (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
pc: a minimal set of MS-DOS interfaces (MS-DOS only)
|
|
|
|
rotor: encryption, by Lance Ellinghouse (dynamic only)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New standard modules
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Not all these modules are documented. Read the source:
|
|
lib/<modulename>.py. Sometimes a file lib/<modulename>.doc contains
|
|
additional documentation.
|
|
|
|
imghdr: recognizes image file headers
|
|
|
|
sndhdr: recognizes sound file headers
|
|
|
|
profile: print run-time statistics of Python code
|
|
|
|
readcd, cdplayer: companion modules for built-in module cd (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
emacs: interface to Emacs using py-connect.el (see below).
|
|
|
|
SOCKET: symbolic constant definitions for socket options
|
|
|
|
SUNAUDIODEV: symbolic constant definitions for sunaudiodef (sun only)
|
|
|
|
SV: symbolic constat definitions for sv (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
CD: symbolic constat definitions for cd (sgi only)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New demos
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
scripts/pp.py: execute Python as a filter with a Perl-like command
|
|
line interface
|
|
|
|
classes/: examples using the new class features
|
|
|
|
threads/: examples using the new thread module
|
|
|
|
sgi/cd/: examples using the new cd module
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the documentation
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
The last-minute syntax changes of release 0.9.6 are now reflected
|
|
everywhere in the manuals
|
|
|
|
The reference manual has a new section (3.2) on implementing new kinds
|
|
of numbers, sequences or mappings with user classes
|
|
|
|
Classes are now treated extensively in the tutorial (chapter 9)
|
|
|
|
Slightly restructured the system-dependent chapters of the library
|
|
manual
|
|
|
|
The file misc/EXTENDING incorporates documentation for mkvalue() and
|
|
a new section on error handling
|
|
|
|
The files misc/CLASSES and misc/ERRORS are no longer necessary
|
|
|
|
The doc/Makefile now creates PostScript files automatically
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous changes
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
Incorporated Tim Peters' changes to python-mode.el, it's now version
|
|
1.06
|
|
|
|
A python/Emacs bridge (provided by Terrence M. Brannon) lets a Python
|
|
program running in an Emacs buffer execute Emacs lisp code. The
|
|
necessary Python code is in lib/emacs.py. The Emacs code is
|
|
misc/py-connect.el (it needs some external Emacs lisp code)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes to the source code that affect C extension writers
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
New service function mkvalue() to construct a Python object from C
|
|
values according to a "format" string a la getargs()
|
|
|
|
Most functions from pythonmain.c moved to new pythonrun.c which is
|
|
in libpython.a. This should make embedded versions of Python easier
|
|
|
|
ceval.h is split in eval.h (which needs compile.h and only declares
|
|
eval_code) and ceval.h (which doesn't need compile.hand declares the
|
|
rest)
|
|
|
|
ceval.h defines macros BGN_SAVE / END_SAVE for use with threads (to
|
|
improve the parallellism of multi-threaded programs by letting other
|
|
Python code run when a blocking system call or something similar is
|
|
made)
|
|
|
|
In structmember.[ch], new member types BYTE, CHAR and unsigned
|
|
variants have been added
|
|
|
|
New file xxmodule.c is a template for new extension modules.
|
|
|
|
|
|
==================================
|
|
==> RELEASE 0.9.6 (6 Apr 1992) <==
|
|
==================================
|
|
|
|
Misc news in 0.9.6:
|
|
- Restructured the misc subdirectory
|
|
- Reference manual completed, library manual much extended (with indexes!)
|
|
- the GNU Readline library is now distributed standard with Python
|
|
- the script "../demo/scripts/classfix.py" fixes Python modules using old
|
|
class syntax
|
|
- Emacs python-mode.el (was python.el) vastly improved (thanks, Tim!)
|
|
- Because of the GNU copyleft business I am not using the GNU regular
|
|
expression implementation but a free re-implementation by Tatu Ylonen
|
|
that recently appeared in comp.sources.misc (Bravo, Tatu!)
|
|
|
|
New features in 0.9.6:
|
|
- stricter try stmt syntax: cannot mix except and finally clauses on 1 try
|
|
- New module 'os' supplants modules 'mac' and 'posix' for most cases;
|
|
module 'path' is replaced by 'os.path'
|
|
- os.path.split() return value differs from that of old path.split()
|
|
- sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback are set to the exception
|
|
currently being handled
|
|
- sys.last_type, sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback remember last unhandled
|
|
exception
|
|
- New function string.expandtabs() expands tabs in a string
|
|
- Added times() interface to posix (user & sys time of process & children)
|
|
- Added uname() interface to posix (returns OS type, hostname, etc.)
|
|
- New built-in function execfile() is like exec() but from a file
|
|
- Functions exec() and eval() are less picky about whitespace/newlines
|
|
- New built-in functions getattr() and setattr() access arbitrary attributes
|
|
- More generic argument handling in built-in functions (see "./EXTENDING")
|
|
- Dynamic loading of modules written in C or C++ (see "./DYNLOAD")
|
|
- Division and modulo for long and plain integers with negative operands
|
|
have changed; a/b is now floor(float(a)/float(b)) and a%b is defined
|
|
as a-(a/b)*b. So now the outcome of divmod(a,b) is the same as
|
|
(a/b, a%b) for integers. For floats, % is also changed, but of course
|
|
/ is unchanged, and divmod(x,y) does not yield (x/y, x%y)...
|
|
- A function with explicit variable-length argument list can be declared
|
|
like this: def f(*args): ...; or even like this: def f(a, b, *rest): ...
|
|
- Code tracing and profiling features have been added, and two source
|
|
code debuggers are provided in the library (pdb.py, tty-oriented,
|
|
and wdb, window-oriented); you can now step through Python programs!
|
|
See sys.settrace() and sys.setprofile(), and "../lib/pdb.doc"
|
|
- '==' is now the only equality operator; "../demo/scripts/eqfix.py" is
|
|
a script that fixes old Python modules
|
|
- Plain integer right shift now uses sign extension
|
|
- Long integer shift/mask operations now simulate 2's complement
|
|
to give more useful results for negative operands
|
|
- Changed/added range checks for long/plain integer shifts
|
|
- Options found after "-c command" are now passed to the command in sys.argv
|
|
(note subtle incompatiblity with "python -c command -- -options"!)
|
|
- Module stdwin is better protected against touching objects after they've
|
|
been closed; menus can now also be closed explicitly
|
|
- Stdwin now uses its own exception (stdwin.error)
|
|
|
|
New features in 0.9.5 (released as Macintosh application only, 2 Jan 1992):
|
|
- dictionary objects can now be compared properly; e.g., {}=={} is true
|
|
- new exception SystemExit causes termination if not caught;
|
|
it is raised by sys.exit() so that 'finally' clauses can clean up,
|
|
and it may even be caught. It does work interactively!
|
|
- new module "regex" implements GNU Emacs style regular expressions;
|
|
module "regexp" is rewritten in Python for backward compatibility
|
|
- formal parameter lists may contain trailing commas
|
|
|
|
Bugs fixed in 0.9.6:
|
|
- assigning to or deleting a list item with a negative index dumped core
|
|
- divmod(-10L,5L) returned (-3L, 5L) instead of (-2L, 0L)
|
|
|
|
Bugs fixed in 0.9.5:
|
|
- masking operations involving negative long integers gave wrong results
|
|
|
|
|
|
===================================
|
|
==> RELEASE 0.9.4 (24 Dec 1991) <==
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
- new function argument handling (see below)
|
|
- built-in apply(func, args) means func(args[0], args[1], ...)
|
|
- new, more refined exceptions
|
|
- new exception string values (NameError = 'NameError' etc.)
|
|
- better checking for math exceptions
|
|
- for sequences (string/tuple/list), x[-i] is now equivalent to x[len(x)-i]
|
|
- fixed list assignment bug: "a[1:1] = a" now works correctly
|
|
- new class syntax, without extraneous parentheses
|
|
- new 'global' statement to assign global variables from within a function
|
|
|
|
|
|
New class syntax
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
You can now declare a base class as follows:
|
|
|
|
class B: # Was: class B():
|
|
def some_method(self): ...
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
and a derived class thusly:
|
|
|
|
class D(B): # Was: class D() = B():
|
|
def another_method(self, arg): ...
|
|
|
|
Multiple inheritance looks like this:
|
|
|
|
class M(B, D): # Was: class M() = B(), D():
|
|
def this_or_that_method(self, arg): ...
|
|
|
|
The old syntax is still accepted by Python 0.9.4, but will disappear
|
|
in Python 1.0 (to be posted to comp.sources).
|
|
|
|
|
|
New 'global' statement
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
Every now and then you have a global variable in a module that you
|
|
want to change from within a function in that module -- say, a count
|
|
of calls to a function, or an option flag, etc. Until now this was
|
|
not directly possible. While several kludges are known that
|
|
circumvent the problem, and often the need for a global variable can
|
|
be avoided by rewriting the module as a class, this does not always
|
|
lead to clearer code.
|
|
|
|
The 'global' statement solves this dilemma. Its occurrence in a
|
|
function body means that, for the duration of that function, the
|
|
names listed there refer to global variables. For instance:
|
|
|
|
total = 0.0
|
|
count = 0
|
|
|
|
def add_to_total(amount):
|
|
global total, count
|
|
total = total + amount
|
|
count = count + 1
|
|
|
|
'global' must be repeated in each function where it is needed. The
|
|
names listed in a 'global' statement must not be used in the function
|
|
before the statement is reached.
|
|
|
|
Remember that you don't need to use 'global' if you only want to *use*
|
|
a global variable in a function; nor do you need ot for assignments to
|
|
parts of global variables (e.g., list or dictionary items or
|
|
attributes of class instances). This has not changed; in fact
|
|
assignment to part of a global variable was the standard workaround.
|
|
|
|
|
|
New exceptions
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
Several new exceptions have been defined, to distinguish more clearly
|
|
between different types of errors.
|
|
|
|
name meaning was
|
|
|
|
AttributeError reference to non-existing attribute NameError
|
|
IOError unexpected I/O error RuntimeError
|
|
ImportError import of non-existing module or name NameError
|
|
IndexError invalid string, tuple or list index RuntimeError
|
|
KeyError key not in dictionary RuntimeError
|
|
OverflowError numeric overflow RuntimeError
|
|
SyntaxError invalid syntax RuntimeError
|
|
ValueError invalid argument value RuntimeError
|
|
ZeroDivisionError division by zero RuntimeError
|
|
|
|
The string value of each exception is now its name -- this makes it
|
|
easier to experimentally find out which operations raise which
|
|
exceptions; e.g.:
|
|
|
|
>>> KeyboardInterrupt
|
|
'KeyboardInterrupt'
|
|
>>>
|
|
|
|
|
|
New argument passing semantics
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Off-line discussions with Steve Majewski and Daniel LaLiberte have
|
|
convinced me that Python's parameter mechanism could be changed in a
|
|
way that made both of them happy (I hope), kept me happy, fixed a
|
|
number of outstanding problems, and, given some backward compatibility
|
|
provisions, would only break a very small amount of existing code --
|
|
probably all mine anyway. In fact I suspect that most Python users
|
|
will hardly notice the difference. And yet it has cost me at least
|
|
one sleepless night to decide to make the change...
|
|
|
|
Philosophically, the change is quite radical (to me, anyway): a
|
|
function is no longer called with either zero or one argument, which
|
|
is a tuple if there appear to be more arguments. Every function now
|
|
has an argument list containing 0, 1 or more arguments. This list is
|
|
always implemented as a tuple, and it is a (run-time) error if a
|
|
function is called with a different number of arguments than expected.
|
|
|
|
What's the difference? you may ask. The answer is, very little unless
|
|
you want to write variadic functions -- functions that may be called
|
|
with a variable number of arguments. Formerly, you could write a
|
|
function that accepted one or more arguments with little trouble, but
|
|
writing a function that could be called with either 0 or 1 argument
|
|
(or more) was next to impossible. This is now a piece of cake: you
|
|
can simply declare an argument that receives the entire argument
|
|
tuple, and check its length -- it will be of size 0 if there are no
|
|
arguments.
|
|
|
|
Another anomaly of the old system was the way multi-argument methods
|
|
(in classes) had to be declared, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
class Point():
|
|
def init(self, (x, y, color)): ...
|
|
def setcolor(self, color): ...
|
|
dev moveto(self, (x, y)): ...
|
|
def draw(self): ...
|
|
|
|
Using the new scheme there is no need to enclose the method arguments
|
|
in an extra set of parentheses, so the above class could become:
|
|
|
|
class Point:
|
|
def init(self, x, y, color): ...
|
|
def setcolor(self, color): ...
|
|
dev moveto(self, x, y): ...
|
|
def draw(self): ...
|
|
|
|
That is, the equivalence rule between methods and functions has
|
|
changed so that now p.moveto(x,y) is equivalent to Point.moveto(p,x,y)
|
|
while formerly it was equivalent to Point.moveto(p,(x,y)).
|
|
|
|
A special backward compatibility rule makes that the old version also
|
|
still works: whenever a function with exactly two arguments (at the top
|
|
level) is called with more than two arguments, the second and further
|
|
arguments are packed into a tuple and passed as the second argument.
|
|
This rule is invoked independently of whether the function is actually a
|
|
method, so there is a slight chance that some erroneous calls of
|
|
functions expecting two arguments with more than that number of
|
|
arguments go undetected at first -- when the function tries to use the
|
|
second argument it may find it is a tuple instead of what was expected.
|
|
Note that this rule will be removed from future versions of the
|
|
language; it is a backward compatibility provision *only*.
|
|
|
|
Two other rules and a new built-in function handle conversion between
|
|
tuples and argument lists:
|
|
|
|
Rule (a): when a function with more than one argument is called with a
|
|
single argument that is a tuple of the right size, the tuple's items
|
|
are used as arguments.
|
|
|
|
Rule (b): when a function with exactly one argument receives no
|
|
arguments or more than one, that one argument will receive a tuple
|
|
containing the arguments (the tuple will be empty if there were no
|
|
arguments).
|
|
|
|
|
|
A new built-in function, apply(), was added to support functions that
|
|
need to call other functions with a constructed argument list. The call
|
|
|
|
apply(function, tuple)
|
|
|
|
is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
function(tuple[0], tuple[1], ..., tuple[len(tuple)-1])
|
|
|
|
|
|
While no new argument syntax was added in this phase, it would now be
|
|
quite sensible to add explicit syntax to Python for default argument
|
|
values (as in C++ or Modula-3), or a "rest" argument to receive the
|
|
remaining arguments of a variable-length argument list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
========================================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.3 (never made available outside CWI) <==
|
|
========================================================
|
|
|
|
- string sys.version shows current version (also printed on interactive entry)
|
|
- more detailed exceptions, e.g., IOError, ZeroDivisionError, etc.
|
|
- 'global' statement to declare module-global variables assigned in functions.
|
|
- new class declaration syntax: class C(Base1, Base2, ...): suite
|
|
(the old syntax is still accepted -- be sure to convert your classes now!)
|
|
- C shifting and masking operators: << >> ~ & ^ | (for ints and longs).
|
|
- C comparison operators: == != (the old = and <> remain valid).
|
|
- floating point numbers may now start with a period (e.g., .14).
|
|
- definition of integer division tightened (always truncates towards zero).
|
|
- new builtins hex(x), oct(x) return hex/octal string from (long) integer.
|
|
- new list method l.count(x) returns the number of occurrences of x in l.
|
|
- new SGI module: al (Indigo and 4D/35 audio library).
|
|
- the FORMS interface (modules fl and FL) now uses FORMS 2.0
|
|
- module gl: added lrect{read,write}, rectzoom and pixmode;
|
|
added (non-GL) functions (un)packrect.
|
|
- new socket method: s.allowbroadcast(flag).
|
|
- many objects support __dict__, __methods__ or __members__.
|
|
- dir() lists anything that has __dict__.
|
|
- class attributes are no longer read-only.
|
|
- classes support __bases__, instances support __class__ (and __dict__).
|
|
- divmod() now also works for floats.
|
|
- fixed obscure bug in eval('1 ').
|
|
|
|
|
|
===================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.2 (Autumn 1991) <==
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
Highlights
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
- tutorial now (almost) complete; library reference reorganized
|
|
- new syntax: continue statement; semicolons; dictionary constructors;
|
|
restrictions on blank lines in source files removed
|
|
- dramatically improved module load time through precompiled modules
|
|
- arbitrary precision integers: compute 2 to the power 1000 and more...
|
|
- arithmetic operators now accept mixed type operands, e.g., 3.14/4
|
|
- more operations on list: remove, index, reverse; repetition
|
|
- improved/new file operations: readlines, seek, tell, flush, ...
|
|
- process management added to the posix module: fork/exec/wait/kill etc.
|
|
- BSD socket operations (with example servers and clients!)
|
|
- many new STDWIN features (color, fonts, polygons, ...)
|
|
- new SGI modules: font manager and FORMS library interface
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extended list of changes in 0.9.2
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Here is a summary of the most important user-visible changes in 0.9.2,
|
|
in somewhat arbitrary order. Changes in later versions are listed in
|
|
the "highlights" section above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Changes to the interpreter proper
|
|
|
|
- Simple statements can now be separated by semicolons.
|
|
If you write "if t: s1; s2", both s1 and s2 are executed
|
|
conditionally.
|
|
- The 'continue' statement was added, with semantics as in C.
|
|
- Dictionary displays are now allowed on input: {key: value, ...}.
|
|
- Blank lines and lines bearing only a comment no longer need to
|
|
be indented properly. (A completely empty line still ends a multi-
|
|
line statement interactively.)
|
|
- Mixed arithmetic is supported, 1 compares equal to 1.0, etc.
|
|
- Option "-c command" to execute statements from the command line
|
|
- Compiled versions of modules are cached in ".pyc" files, giving a
|
|
dramatic improvement of start-up time
|
|
- Other, smaller speed improvements, e.g., extracting characters from
|
|
strings, looking up single-character keys, and looking up global
|
|
variables
|
|
- Interrupting a print operation raises KeyboardInterrupt instead of
|
|
only cancelling the print operation
|
|
- Fixed various portability problems (it now passes gcc with only
|
|
warnings -- more Standard C compatibility will be provided in later
|
|
versions)
|
|
- Source is prepared for porting to MS-DOS
|
|
- Numeric constants are now checked for overflow (this requires
|
|
standard-conforming strtol() and strtod() functions; a correct
|
|
strtol() implementation is provided, but the strtod() provided
|
|
relies on atof() for everything, including error checking
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Changes to the built-in types, functions and modules
|
|
|
|
- New module socket: interface to BSD socket primitives
|
|
- New modules pwd and grp: access the UNIX password and group databases
|
|
- (SGI only:) New module "fm" interfaces to the SGI IRIX Font Manager
|
|
- (SGI only:) New module "fl" interfaces to Mark Overmars' FORMS library
|
|
- New numeric type: long integer, for unlimited precision
|
|
- integer constants suffixed with 'L' or 'l' are long integers
|
|
- new built-in function long(x) converts int or float to long
|
|
- int() and float() now also convert from long integers
|
|
- New built-in function:
|
|
- pow(x, y) returns x to the power y
|
|
- New operation and methods for lists:
|
|
- l*n returns a new list consisting of n concatenated copies of l
|
|
- l.remove(x) removes the first occurrence of the value x from l
|
|
- l.index(x) returns the index of the first occurrence of x in l
|
|
- l.reverse() reverses l in place
|
|
- New operation for tuples:
|
|
- t*n returns a tuple consisting of n concatenated copies of t
|
|
- Improved file handling:
|
|
- f.readline() no longer restricts the line length, is faster,
|
|
and isn't confused by null bytes; same for raw_input()
|
|
- f.read() without arguments reads the entire (rest of the) file
|
|
- mixing of print and sys.stdout.write() has different effect
|
|
- New methods for files:
|
|
- f.readlines() returns a list containing the lines of the file,
|
|
as read with f.readline()
|
|
- f.flush(), f.tell(), f.seek() call their stdio counterparts
|
|
- f.isatty() tests for "tty-ness"
|
|
- New posix functions:
|
|
- _exit(), exec(), fork(), getpid(), getppid(), kill(), wait()
|
|
- popen() returns a file object connected to a pipe
|
|
- utime() replaces utimes() (the latter is not a POSIX name)
|
|
- New stdwin features, including:
|
|
- font handling
|
|
- color drawing
|
|
- scroll bars made optional
|
|
- polygons
|
|
- filled and xor shapes
|
|
- text editing objects now have a 'settext' method
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Changes to the standard library
|
|
|
|
- Name change: the functions path.cat and macpath.cat are now called
|
|
path.join and macpath.join
|
|
- Added new modules: formatter, mutex, persist, sched, mainloop
|
|
- Added some modules and functionality to the "widget set" (which is
|
|
still under development, so please bear with me):
|
|
DirList, FormSplit, TextEdit, WindowSched
|
|
- Fixed module testall to work non-interactively
|
|
- Module string:
|
|
- added functions join() and joinfields()
|
|
- fixed center() to work correct and make it "transitive"
|
|
- Obsolete modules were removed: util, minmax
|
|
- Some modules were moved to the demo directory
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. Changes to the demonstration programs
|
|
|
|
- Added new useful scipts: byteyears, eptags, fact, from, lfact,
|
|
objgraph, pdeps, pi, primes, ptags, which
|
|
- Added a bunch of socket demos
|
|
- Doubled the speed of ptags
|
|
- Added new stdwin demos: microedit, miniedit
|
|
- Added a windowing interface to the Python interpreter: python (most
|
|
useful on the Mac)
|
|
- Added a browser for Emacs info files: demo/stdwin/ibrowse
|
|
(yes, I plan to put all STDWIN and Python documentation in texinfo
|
|
form in the future)
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. Other changes to the distribution
|
|
|
|
- An Emacs Lisp file "python.el" is provided to facilitate editing
|
|
Python programs in GNU Emacs (slightly improved since posted to
|
|
gnu.emacs.sources)
|
|
- Some info on writing an extension in C is provided
|
|
- Some info on building Python on non-UNIX platforms is provided
|
|
|
|
|
|
=====================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.1 (February 1991) <==
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
- Micro changes only
|
|
- Added file "patchlevel.h"
|
|
|
|
|
|
=====================================
|
|
==> Release 0.9.0 (February 1991) <==
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
Original posting to alt.sources.
|