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cpython/Lib/test/test_typing.py
Gregory Beauregard e1abffca45
bpo-46491: Allow Annotated on outside of Final/ClassVar (GH-30864) 
We treat Annotated type arg as class-level annotation. This exempts it from checks against Final and ClassVar in order to allow using them in any nesting order.

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:gvanrossum
2022-01-24 22:37:15 -08:00

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import contextlib
import collections
from functools import lru_cache
import inspect
import pickle
import re
import sys
import warnings
from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless, skip
from copy import copy, deepcopy
from typing import Any, NoReturn
from typing import TypeVar, AnyStr
from typing import T, KT, VT # Not in __all__.
from typing import Union, Optional, Literal
from typing import Tuple, List, Dict, MutableMapping
from typing import Callable
from typing import Generic, ClassVar, Final, final, Protocol
from typing import cast, runtime_checkable
from typing import get_type_hints
from typing import get_origin, get_args
from typing import is_typeddict
from typing import no_type_check, no_type_check_decorator
from typing import Type
from typing import NamedTuple, TypedDict
from typing import IO, TextIO, BinaryIO
from typing import Pattern, Match
from typing import Annotated, ForwardRef
from typing import TypeAlias
from typing import ParamSpec, Concatenate, ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs
from typing import TypeGuard
import abc
import typing
import weakref
import types
from test.support import import_helper
from test import mod_generics_cache
from test import _typed_dict_helper
py_typing = import_helper.import_fresh_module('typing', blocked=['_typing'])
c_typing = import_helper.import_fresh_module('typing', fresh=['_typing'])
class BaseTestCase(TestCase):
def assertIsSubclass(self, cls, class_or_tuple, msg=None):
if not issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple):
message = '%r is not a subclass of %r' % (cls, class_or_tuple)
if msg is not None:
message += ' : %s' % msg
raise self.failureException(message)
def assertNotIsSubclass(self, cls, class_or_tuple, msg=None):
if issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple):
message = '%r is a subclass of %r' % (cls, class_or_tuple)
if msg is not None:
message += ' : %s' % msg
raise self.failureException(message)
def clear_caches(self):
for f in typing._cleanups:
f()
class Employee:
pass
class Manager(Employee):
pass
class Founder(Employee):
pass
class ManagingFounder(Manager, Founder):
pass
class AnyTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_any_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, Any)
def test_any_subclass_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Employee, Any)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Any, Employee)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Any), 'typing.Any')
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Any)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Any[int] # Any is not a generic type.
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class A(Any):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class A(type(Any)):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Any()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Any)()
def test_any_works_with_alias(self):
# These expressions must simply not fail.
typing.Match[Any]
typing.Pattern[Any]
typing.IO[Any]
class NoReturnTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_noreturn_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, NoReturn)
def test_noreturn_subclass_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Employee, NoReturn)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(NoReturn, Employee)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(NoReturn), 'typing.NoReturn')
def test_not_generic(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NoReturn[int]
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class A(NoReturn):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class A(type(NoReturn)):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NoReturn()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(NoReturn)()
class TypeVarTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_plain(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
# T equals itself.
self.assertEqual(T, T)
# T is an instance of TypeVar
self.assertIsInstance(T, TypeVar)
def test_typevar_instance_type_error(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, T)
def test_typevar_subclass_type_error(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, T)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(T, int)
def test_constrained_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X = TypeVar('X', int)
X
def test_union_unique(self):
X = TypeVar('X')
Y = TypeVar('Y')
self.assertNotEqual(X, Y)
self.assertEqual(Union[X], X)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X], Union[X, Y])
self.assertEqual(Union[X, X], X)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X, int], Union[X])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[X, int], Union[int])
self.assertEqual(Union[X, int].__args__, (X, int))
self.assertEqual(Union[X, int].__parameters__, (X,))
self.assertIs(Union[X, int].__origin__, Union)
def test_or(self):
X = TypeVar('X')
# use a string because str doesn't implement
# __or__/__ror__ itself
self.assertEqual(X | "x", Union[X, "x"])
self.assertEqual("x" | X, Union["x", X])
# make sure the order is correct
self.assertEqual(get_args(X | "x"), (X, ForwardRef("x")))
self.assertEqual(get_args("x" | X), (ForwardRef("x"), X))
def test_union_constrained(self):
A = TypeVar('A', str, bytes)
self.assertNotEqual(Union[A, str], Union[A])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(T), '~T')
self.assertEqual(repr(KT), '~KT')
self.assertEqual(repr(VT), '~VT')
self.assertEqual(repr(AnyStr), '~AnyStr')
T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
self.assertEqual(repr(T_co), '+T_co')
T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
self.assertEqual(repr(T_contra), '-T_contra')
def test_no_redefinition(self):
self.assertNotEqual(TypeVar('T'), TypeVar('T'))
self.assertNotEqual(TypeVar('T', int, str), TypeVar('T', int, str))
def test_cannot_subclass_vars(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class V(TypeVar('T')):
pass
def test_cannot_subclass_var_itself(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class V(TypeVar):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate_vars(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('A')()
def test_bound_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('X', bound=42)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeVar('X', str, float, bound=Employee)
def test_missing__name__(self):
# See bpo-39942
code = ("import typing\n"
"T = typing.TypeVar('T')\n"
)
exec(code, {})
def test_no_bivariant(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
TypeVar('T', covariant=True, contravariant=True)
class UnionTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
u = Union[int, float]
self.assertNotEqual(u, Union)
def test_subclass_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Union)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Union, int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Union[int, str], int)
def test_union_any(self):
u = Union[Any]
self.assertEqual(u, Any)
u1 = Union[int, Any]
u2 = Union[Any, int]
u3 = Union[Any, object]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
self.assertNotEqual(u1, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(u2, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(u3, Any)
def test_union_object(self):
u = Union[object]
self.assertEqual(u, object)
u1 = Union[int, object]
u2 = Union[object, int]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
self.assertNotEqual(u1, object)
self.assertNotEqual(u2, object)
def test_unordered(self):
u1 = Union[int, float]
u2 = Union[float, int]
self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
def test_single_class_disappears(self):
t = Union[Employee]
self.assertIs(t, Employee)
def test_base_class_kept(self):
u = Union[Employee, Manager]
self.assertNotEqual(u, Employee)
self.assertIn(Employee, u.__args__)
self.assertIn(Manager, u.__args__)
def test_union_union(self):
u = Union[int, float]
v = Union[u, Employee]
self.assertEqual(v, Union[int, float, Employee])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Union), 'typing.Union')
u = Union[Employee, int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[%s.Employee, int]' % __name__)
u = Union[int, Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[int, %s.Employee]' % __name__)
T = TypeVar('T')
u = Union[T, int][int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), repr(int))
u = Union[List[int], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[typing.List[int], int]')
u = Union[list[int], dict[str, float]]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[list[int], dict[str, float]]')
u = Union[int | float]
self.assertEqual(repr(u), 'typing.Union[int, float]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Union):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(Union)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Union[int, str]):
pass
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Union()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Union)()
u = Union[int, float]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
u()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(u)()
def test_union_generalization(self):
self.assertFalse(Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]] == str)
self.assertFalse(Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]] == typing.Iterable[int])
self.assertIn(str, Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]].__args__)
self.assertIn(typing.Iterable[int], Union[str, typing.Iterable[int]].__args__)
def test_union_compare_other(self):
self.assertNotEqual(Union, object)
self.assertNotEqual(Union, Any)
self.assertNotEqual(ClassVar, Union)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional, Union)
self.assertNotEqual([None], Optional)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional, typing.Mapping)
self.assertNotEqual(Optional[typing.MutableMapping], Union)
def test_optional(self):
o = Optional[int]
u = Union[int, None]
self.assertEqual(o, u)
def test_empty(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Union[()]
def test_no_eval_union(self):
u = Union[int, str]
def f(x: u): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(f)['x'], u)
def test_function_repr_union(self):
def fun() -> int: ...
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[fun, int]), 'typing.Union[fun, int]')
def test_union_str_pattern(self):
# Shouldn't crash; see http://bugs.python.org/issue25390
A = Union[str, Pattern]
A
def test_etree(self):
# See https://github.com/python/typing/issues/229
# (Only relevant for Python 2.)
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
Union[Element, str] # Shouldn't crash
def Elem(*args):
return Element(*args)
Union[Elem, str] # Nor should this
class TupleTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple, Tuple[int, str])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(tuple, Tuple[int, str])
class TP(tuple): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(tuple, Tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(TP, Tuple)
def test_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int])
self.assertEqual(Tuple[int, ...], Tuple[int, ...])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[int], Tuple[int, ...])
def test_tuple_subclass(self):
class MyTuple(tuple):
pass
self.assertIsSubclass(MyTuple, Tuple)
def test_tuple_instance_type_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance((0, 0), Tuple[int, int])
self.assertIsInstance((0, 0), Tuple)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple), 'typing.Tuple')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[()]), 'typing.Tuple[()]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[int, float]), 'typing.Tuple[int, float]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[int, ...]), 'typing.Tuple[int, ...]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Tuple[list[int]]), 'typing.Tuple[list[int]]')
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Tuple)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(42, Tuple[int])
class BaseCallableTests:
def test_self_subclass(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(types.FunctionType, Callable[[int], int])
self.assertIsSubclass(types.FunctionType, Callable)
def test_eq_hash(self):
Callable = self.Callable
C = Callable[[int], int]
self.assertEqual(C, Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(len({C, Callable[[int], int]}), 1)
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[int], str])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[str], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[int, int], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[[], int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable[..., int])
self.assertNotEqual(C, Callable)
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Callable()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Callable)()
c = Callable[[int], str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
c()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(c)()
def test_callable_wrong_forms(self):
Callable = self.Callable
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Callable[int]
def test_callable_instance_works(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def f():
pass
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable)
def test_callable_instance_type_error(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def f():
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable[[], None])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertIsInstance(f, Callable[[], Any])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable[[], None])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, Callable[[], Any])
def test_repr(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f'{Callable.__module__}.Callable'
ct0 = Callable[[], bool]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct0), f'{fullname}[[], bool]')
ct2 = Callable[[str, float], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct2), f'{fullname}[[str, float], int]')
ctv = Callable[..., str]
self.assertEqual(repr(ctv), f'{fullname}[..., str]')
ct3 = Callable[[str, float], list[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(ct3), f'{fullname}[[str, float], list[int]]')
def test_callable_with_ellipsis(self):
Callable = self.Callable
def foo(a: Callable[..., T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[..., T]})
def test_ellipsis_in_generic(self):
Callable = self.Callable
# Shouldn't crash; see https://github.com/python/typing/issues/259
typing.List[Callable[..., str]]
def test_or_and_ror(self):
Callable = self.Callable
self.assertEqual(Callable | Tuple, Union[Callable, Tuple])
self.assertEqual(Tuple | Callable, Union[Tuple, Callable])
def test_basic(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
if Callable is collections.abc.Callable:
self.assertIsInstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
self.assertIs(alias.__origin__, collections.abc.Callable)
self.assertEqual(alias.__args__, (int, str, float))
self.assertEqual(alias.__parameters__, ())
def test_weakref(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
self.assertEqual(weakref.ref(alias)(), alias)
def test_pickle(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(alias, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertEqual(alias.__origin__, loaded.__origin__)
self.assertEqual(alias.__args__, loaded.__args__)
self.assertEqual(alias.__parameters__, loaded.__parameters__)
def test_var_substitution(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
C1 = Callable[[int, T], T]
C2 = Callable[[KT, T], VT]
C3 = Callable[..., T]
self.assertEqual(C1[str], Callable[[int, str], str])
self.assertEqual(C2[int, float, str], Callable[[int, float], str])
self.assertEqual(C3[int], Callable[..., int])
# multi chaining
C4 = C2[int, VT, str]
self.assertEqual(repr(C4), f"{fullname}[[int, ~VT], str]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C4[dict]), f"{fullname}[[int, dict], str]")
self.assertEqual(C4[dict], Callable[[int, dict], str])
# substitute a nested GenericAlias (both typing and the builtin
# version)
C5 = Callable[[typing.List[T], tuple[KT, T], VT], int]
self.assertEqual(C5[int, str, float],
Callable[[typing.List[int], tuple[str, int], float], int])
def test_type_erasure(self):
Callable = self.Callable
class C1(Callable):
def __call__(self):
return None
a = C1[[int], T]
self.assertIs(a().__class__, C1)
self.assertEqual(a().__orig_class__, C1[[int], T])
def test_paramspec(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
P = ParamSpec('P')
P2 = ParamSpec('P2')
C1 = Callable[P, T]
# substitution
self.assertEqual(C1[[int], str], Callable[[int], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[[int, str], str], Callable[[int, str], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[[], str], Callable[[], str])
self.assertEqual(C1[..., str], Callable[..., str])
self.assertEqual(C1[P2, str], Callable[P2, str])
self.assertEqual(C1[Concatenate[int, P2], str],
Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], str])
self.assertEqual(repr(C1), f"{fullname}[~P, ~T]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C1[[int, str], str]), f"{fullname}[[int, str], str]")
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C1[int, str]
C2 = Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C2[[int]], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[[int, str]], Callable[[int, str], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[[]], Callable[[], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[...], Callable[..., int])
self.assertEqual(C2[P2], Callable[P2, int])
self.assertEqual(C2[Concatenate[int, P2]],
Callable[Concatenate[int, P2], int])
# special case in PEP 612 where
# X[int, str, float] == X[[int, str, float]]
self.assertEqual(C2[int], Callable[[int], int])
self.assertEqual(C2[int, str], Callable[[int, str], int])
self.assertEqual(repr(C2), f"{fullname}[~P, int]")
self.assertEqual(repr(C2[int, str]), f"{fullname}[[int, str], int]")
def test_concatenate(self):
Callable = self.Callable
fullname = f"{Callable.__module__}.Callable"
P = ParamSpec('P')
C1 = Callable[typing.Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(repr(C1),
f"{fullname}[typing.Concatenate[int, ~P], int]")
def test_errors(self):
Callable = self.Callable
alias = Callable[[int, str], float]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not a generic class"):
alias[int]
P = ParamSpec('P')
C1 = Callable[P, T]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
C1[int, str, str]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "few arguments for"):
C1[int]
class TypingCallableTests(BaseCallableTests, BaseTestCase):
Callable = typing.Callable
def test_consistency(self):
# bpo-42195
# Testing collections.abc.Callable's consistency with typing.Callable
c1 = typing.Callable[[int, str], dict]
c2 = collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], dict]
self.assertEqual(c1.__args__, c2.__args__)
self.assertEqual(hash(c1.__args__), hash(c2.__args__))
class CollectionsCallableTests(BaseCallableTests, BaseTestCase):
Callable = collections.abc.Callable
class LiteralTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
# All of these are allowed.
Literal[1]
Literal[1, 2, 3]
Literal["x", "y", "z"]
Literal[None]
Literal[True]
Literal[1, "2", False]
Literal[Literal[1, 2], Literal[4, 5]]
Literal[b"foo", u"bar"]
def test_illegal_parameters_do_not_raise_runtime_errors(self):
# Type checkers should reject these types, but we do not
# raise errors at runtime to maintain maximum flexibility.
Literal[int]
Literal[3j + 2, ..., ()]
Literal[{"foo": 3, "bar": 4}]
Literal[T]
def test_literals_inside_other_types(self):
List[Literal[1, 2, 3]]
List[Literal[("foo", "bar", "baz")]]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1]), "typing.Literal[1]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1, True, "foo"]), "typing.Literal[1, True, 'foo']")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[int]), "typing.Literal[int]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal), "typing.Literal")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[None]), "typing.Literal[None]")
self.assertEqual(repr(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3]), "typing.Literal[1, 2, 3]")
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal[1]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Literal)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Literal[1])()
def test_no_isinstance_or_issubclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(int, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(1, Literal[1])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Literal[1])
def test_no_subclassing(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Foo(Literal[1]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class Bar(Literal): pass
def test_no_multiple_subscripts(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Literal[1][1]
def test_equal(self):
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[0], Literal[False])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[True], Literal[1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1], Literal[2])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, True], Literal[1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, True], Literal[1, 1])
self.assertNotEqual(Literal[1, 2], Literal[True, 2])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1], Literal[1])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2], Literal[2, 1])
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3], Literal[1, 2, 3, 3])
def test_hash(self):
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1]), hash(Literal[1]))
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1, 2]), hash(Literal[2, 1]))
self.assertEqual(hash(Literal[1, 2, 3]), hash(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3]))
def test_args(self):
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3].__args__, (1, 2, 3))
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, 2, 3, 3].__args__, (1, 2, 3))
self.assertEqual(Literal[1, Literal[2], Literal[3, 4]].__args__, (1, 2, 3, 4))
# Mutable arguments will not be deduplicated
self.assertEqual(Literal[[], []].__args__, ([], []))
def test_flatten(self):
l1 = Literal[Literal[1], Literal[2], Literal[3]]
l2 = Literal[Literal[1, 2], 3]
l3 = Literal[Literal[1, 2, 3]]
for l in l1, l2, l3:
self.assertEqual(l, Literal[1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(l.__args__, (1, 2, 3))
XK = TypeVar('XK', str, bytes)
XV = TypeVar('XV')
class SimpleMapping(Generic[XK, XV]):
def __getitem__(self, key: XK) -> XV:
...
def __setitem__(self, key: XK, value: XV):
...
def get(self, key: XK, default: XV = None) -> XV:
...
class MySimpleMapping(SimpleMapping[XK, XV]):
def __init__(self):
self.store = {}
def __getitem__(self, key: str):
return self.store[key]
def __setitem__(self, key: str, value):
self.store[key] = value
def get(self, key: str, default=None):
try:
return self.store[key]
except KeyError:
return default
class Coordinate(Protocol):
x: int
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class Point(Coordinate, Protocol):
label: str
class MyPoint:
x: int
y: int
label: str
class XAxis(Protocol):
x: int
class YAxis(Protocol):
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class Position(XAxis, YAxis, Protocol):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class Proto(Protocol):
attr: int
def meth(self, arg: str) -> int:
...
class Concrete(Proto):
pass
class Other:
attr: int = 1
def meth(self, arg: str) -> int:
if arg == 'this':
return 1
return 0
class NT(NamedTuple):
x: int
y: int
@runtime_checkable
class HasCallProtocol(Protocol):
__call__: typing.Callable
class ProtocolTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def meth(self):
pass
class C: pass
class D:
def meth(self):
pass
def f():
pass
self.assertIsSubclass(D, P)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(types.FunctionType, P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(f, P)
def test_everything_implements_empty_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Empty(Protocol):
pass
class C:
pass
def f():
pass
for thing in (object, type, tuple, C, types.FunctionType):
self.assertIsSubclass(thing, Empty)
for thing in (object(), 1, (), typing, f):
self.assertIsInstance(thing, Empty)
def test_function_implements_protocol(self):
def f():
pass
self.assertIsInstance(f, HasCallProtocol)
def test_no_inheritance_from_nominal(self):
class C: pass
class BP(Protocol): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(C, Protocol):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(Protocol, C):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(BP, C, Protocol):
pass
class D(BP, C): pass
class E(C, BP): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(D(), E)
self.assertNotIsInstance(E(), D)
def test_no_instantiation(self):
class P(Protocol): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
P()
class C(P): pass
self.assertIsInstance(C(), C)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C(42)
T = TypeVar('T')
class PG(Protocol[T]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG[int]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PG[T]()
class CG(PG[T]): pass
self.assertIsInstance(CG[int](), CG)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
CG[int](42)
def test_cannot_instantiate_abstract(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
@abc.abstractmethod
def ameth(self) -> int:
raise NotImplementedError
class B(P):
pass
class C(B):
def ameth(self) -> int:
return 26
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B()
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_subprotocols_extending(self):
class P1(Protocol):
def meth1(self):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class P2(P1, Protocol):
def meth2(self):
pass
class C:
def meth1(self):
pass
def meth2(self):
pass
class C1:
def meth1(self):
pass
class C2:
def meth2(self):
pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C1(), P2)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C2(), P2)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C1, P2)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C2, P2)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P2)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P2)
def test_subprotocols_merging(self):
class P1(Protocol):
def meth1(self):
pass
class P2(Protocol):
def meth2(self):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class P(P1, P2, Protocol):
pass
class C:
def meth1(self):
pass
def meth2(self):
pass
class C1:
def meth1(self):
pass
class C2:
def meth2(self):
pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C1(), P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C2(), P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C1, P)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C2, P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P)
def test_protocols_issubclass(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
def x(self): ...
class BadP(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
class BadPG(Protocol[T]):
def x(self): ...
class C:
def x(self): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(C, P)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, PG)
self.assertIsSubclass(BadP, PG)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, PG[T])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, PG[C])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, BadP)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, BadPG)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(P, PG[T])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(PG, PG[int])
def test_protocols_issubclass_non_callable(self):
class C:
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PNonCall(Protocol):
x = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, PNonCall)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), PNonCall)
PNonCall.register(C)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C, PNonCall)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), PNonCall)
# check that non-protocol subclasses are not affected
class D(PNonCall): ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, D)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), D)
D.register(C)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, D)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), D)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(D, PNonCall)
def test_protocols_isinstance(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def meth(x): ...
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
def meth(x): ...
class BadP(Protocol):
def meth(x): ...
class BadPG(Protocol[T]):
def meth(x): ...
class C:
def meth(x): ...
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), PG)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(C(), PG[T])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(C(), PG[C])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(C(), BadP)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(C(), BadPG)
def test_protocols_isinstance_py36(self):
class APoint:
def __init__(self, x, y, label):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.label = label
class BPoint:
label = 'B'
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
class C:
def __init__(self, attr):
self.attr = attr
def meth(self, arg):
return 0
class Bad: pass
self.assertIsInstance(APoint(1, 2, 'A'), Point)
self.assertIsInstance(BPoint(1, 2), Point)
self.assertNotIsInstance(MyPoint(), Point)
self.assertIsInstance(BPoint(1, 2), Position)
self.assertIsInstance(Other(), Proto)
self.assertIsInstance(Concrete(), Proto)
self.assertIsInstance(C(42), Proto)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Proto)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Point)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Position)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Bad(), Concrete)
self.assertNotIsInstance(Other(), Concrete)
self.assertIsInstance(NT(1, 2), Position)
def test_protocols_isinstance_init(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PG(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
class C:
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
self.assertIsInstance(C(1), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(1), PG)
def test_protocol_checks_after_subscript(self):
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]): pass
class Other1: pass
class Other2: pass
CA = C[Any]
self.assertNotIsInstance(Other1(), C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Other2, C)
class D1(C[Any]): pass
class D2(C[Any]): pass
CI = C[int]
self.assertIsInstance(D1(), C)
self.assertIsSubclass(D2, C)
def test_protocols_support_register(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class PM(Protocol):
def meth(self): pass
class D(PM): pass
class C: pass
D.register(C)
P.register(C)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), D)
def test_none_on_non_callable_doesnt_block_implementation(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class A:
x = 1
class B(A):
x = None
class C:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertIsInstance(B(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_none_on_callable_blocks_implementation(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
def x(self): ...
class A:
def x(self): ...
class B(A):
x = None
class C:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertNotIsInstance(B(), P)
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), P)
def test_non_protocol_subclasses(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol):
def meth(self): pass
class NonP(P):
x = 1
class NonPR(PR): pass
class C:
x = 1
class D:
def meth(self): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(C(), NonP)
self.assertNotIsInstance(D(), NonPR)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, NonP)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(D, NonPR)
self.assertIsInstance(NonPR(), PR)
self.assertIsSubclass(NonPR, PR)
def test_custom_subclasshook(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class OKClass: pass
class BadClass:
x = 1
class C(P):
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
return other.__name__.startswith("OK")
self.assertIsInstance(OKClass(), C)
self.assertNotIsInstance(BadClass(), C)
self.assertIsSubclass(OKClass, C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(BadClass, C)
def test_issubclass_fails_correctly(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = 1
class C: pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(C(), P)
def test_defining_generic_protocols(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol[T, S]):
def meth(self): pass
class P(PR[int, T], Protocol[T]):
y = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PR[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
P[int, str]
class C(PR[int, T]): pass
self.assertIsInstance(C[str](), C)
def test_defining_generic_protocols_old_style(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol, Generic[T, S]):
def meth(self): pass
class P(PR[int, str], Protocol):
y = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(PR[int, str], PR)
self.assertIsSubclass(P, PR)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
PR[int]
class P1(Protocol, Generic[T]):
def bar(self, x: T) -> str: ...
class P2(Generic[T], Protocol):
def bar(self, x: T) -> str: ...
@runtime_checkable
class PSub(P1[str], Protocol):
x = 1
class Test:
x = 1
def bar(self, x: str) -> str:
return x
self.assertIsInstance(Test(), PSub)
def test_init_called(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]):
def __init__(self):
self.test = 'OK'
self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
class B:
def __init__(self):
self.test = 'OK'
class D1(B, P[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(D1[int]().test, 'OK')
class D2(P[T], B):
pass
self.assertEqual(D2[int]().test, 'OK')
def test_new_called(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
class C(P[T]):
def __new__(cls, *args):
self = super().__new__(cls, *args)
self.test = 'OK'
return self
self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int](42)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
C[int](a=42)
def test_protocols_bad_subscripts(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(Protocol[T, T]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(Protocol[int]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(Protocol[T], Protocol[S]): pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class P(typing.Mapping[T, S], Protocol[T]): pass
def test_generic_protocols_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class P(Protocol[T, S]): pass
self.assertTrue(repr(P[T, S]).endswith('P[~T, ~S]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(P[int, str]).endswith('P[int, str]'))
def test_generic_protocols_eq(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class P(Protocol[T, S]): pass
self.assertEqual(P, P)
self.assertEqual(P[int, T], P[int, T])
self.assertEqual(P[T, T][Tuple[T, S]][int, str],
P[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str]])
def test_generic_protocols_special_from_generic(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class P(Protocol[T]): pass
self.assertEqual(P.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(P[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(P[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertIs(P[int].__origin__, P)
def test_generic_protocols_special_from_protocol(self):
@runtime_checkable
class PR(Protocol):
x = 1
class P(Protocol):
def meth(self):
pass
T = TypeVar('T')
class PG(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
def meth(self):
pass
self.assertTrue(P._is_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PR._is_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PG._is_protocol)
self.assertFalse(P._is_runtime_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PR._is_runtime_protocol)
self.assertTrue(PG[int]._is_protocol)
self.assertEqual(typing._get_protocol_attrs(P), {'meth'})
self.assertEqual(typing._get_protocol_attrs(PR), {'x'})
self.assertEqual(frozenset(typing._get_protocol_attrs(PG)),
frozenset({'x', 'meth'}))
def test_no_runtime_deco_on_nominal(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@runtime_checkable
class C: pass
class Proto(Protocol):
x = 1
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
@runtime_checkable
class Concrete(Proto):
pass
def test_none_treated_correctly(self):
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol):
x = None # type: int
class B(object): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance(B(), P)
class C:
x = 1
class D:
x = None
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), P)
class CI:
def __init__(self):
self.x = 1
class DI:
def __init__(self):
self.x = None
self.assertIsInstance(C(), P)
self.assertIsInstance(D(), P)
def test_protocols_in_unions(self):
class P(Protocol):
x = None # type: int
Alias = typing.Union[typing.Iterable, P]
Alias2 = typing.Union[P, typing.Iterable]
self.assertEqual(Alias, Alias2)
def test_protocols_pickleable(self):
global P, CP # pickle wants to reference the class by name
T = TypeVar('T')
@runtime_checkable
class P(Protocol[T]):
x = 1
class CP(P[int]):
pass
c = CP()
c.foo = 42
c.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(c, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.x, 1)
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 42, 'bar': 'abc'})
s = pickle.dumps(P)
D = pickle.loads(s)
class E:
x = 1
self.assertIsInstance(E(), D)
def test_supports_int(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsInt)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsInt)
def test_supports_float(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsFloat)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsFloat)
def test_supports_complex(self):
class C:
def __complex__(self):
return 0j
self.assertIsSubclass(complex, typing.SupportsComplex)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, typing.SupportsComplex)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsComplex)
def test_supports_bytes(self):
class B:
def __bytes__(self):
return b''
self.assertIsSubclass(bytes, typing.SupportsBytes)
self.assertIsSubclass(B, typing.SupportsBytes)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsBytes)
def test_supports_abs(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsAbs)
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsAbs)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsAbs)
def test_supports_round(self):
issubclass(float, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertIsSubclass(float, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsRound)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsRound)
def test_reversible(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Reversible)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(int, typing.Reversible)
def test_supports_index(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(int, typing.SupportsIndex)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(str, typing.SupportsIndex)
def test_bundled_protocol_instance_works(self):
self.assertIsInstance(0, typing.SupportsAbs)
class C1(typing.SupportsInt):
def __int__(self) -> int:
return 42
class C2(C1):
pass
c = C2()
self.assertIsInstance(c, C1)
def test_collections_protocols_allowed(self):
@runtime_checkable
class Custom(collections.abc.Iterable, Protocol):
def close(self): ...
class A: pass
class B:
def __iter__(self):
return []
def close(self):
return 0
self.assertIsSubclass(B, Custom)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(A, Custom)
def test_builtin_protocol_allowlist(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class CustomProtocol(TestCase, Protocol):
pass
class CustomContextManager(typing.ContextManager, Protocol):
pass
def test_non_runtime_protocol_isinstance_check(self):
class P(Protocol):
x: int
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "@runtime_checkable"):
isinstance(1, P)
def test_super_call_init(self):
class P(Protocol):
x: int
class Foo(P):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
Foo() # Previously triggered RecursionError
class GenericTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
X = SimpleMapping[str, Any]
self.assertEqual(X.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
X[str, str]
Y = SimpleMapping[XK, str]
self.assertEqual(Y.__parameters__, (XK,))
Y[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Y[str, str]
SM1 = SimpleMapping[str, int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(SM1, SimpleMapping)
self.assertIsInstance(SM1(), SimpleMapping)
T = TypeVar("T")
self.assertEqual(List[list[T] | float].__parameters__, (T,))
def test_generic_errors(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T][T]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T][S]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(Generic[T], Generic[T]): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance([], List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(list, List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class NewGeneric(Generic): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class MyGeneric(Generic[T], Generic[S]): ...
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class MyGeneric(List[T], Generic[S]): ...
def test_init(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T, T]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Generic[T, S, T]
def test_init_subclass(self):
class X(typing.Generic[T]):
def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
cls.attr = 42
class Y(X):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.attr, 42)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
X.attr
X.attr = 1
Y.attr = 2
class Z(Y):
pass
class W(X[int]):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.attr, 2)
self.assertEqual(Z.attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(W.attr, 42)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(SimpleMapping),
f"<class '{__name__}.SimpleMapping'>")
self.assertEqual(repr(MySimpleMapping),
f"<class '{__name__}.MySimpleMapping'>")
def test_chain_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
S = TypeVar('S')
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
X = C[Tuple[S, T]]
self.assertEqual(X, C[Tuple[S, T]])
self.assertNotEqual(X, C[Tuple[T, S]])
Y = X[T, int]
self.assertEqual(Y, X[T, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Y, X[S, int])
self.assertNotEqual(Y, X[T, str])
Z = Y[str]
self.assertEqual(Z, Y[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Z, Y[int])
self.assertNotEqual(Z, Y[T])
self.assertTrue(str(Z).endswith(
'.C[typing.Tuple[str, int]]'))
def test_new_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U', covariant=True)
S = TypeVar('S')
self.assertEqual(repr(List), 'typing.List')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[T]), 'typing.List[~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[U]), 'typing.List[+U]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[S][T][int]), 'typing.List[int]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[int]), 'typing.List[int]')
def test_new_repr_complex(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
TS = TypeVar('TS')
self.assertEqual(repr(typing.Mapping[T, TS][TS, T]), 'typing.Mapping[~TS, ~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(List[Tuple[T, TS]][int, T]),
'typing.List[typing.Tuple[int, ~T]]')
self.assertEqual(
repr(List[Tuple[T, T]][List[int]]),
'typing.List[typing.Tuple[typing.List[int], typing.List[int]]]'
)
def test_new_repr_bare(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
self.assertEqual(repr(Generic[T]), 'typing.Generic[~T]')
self.assertEqual(repr(typing.Protocol[T]), 'typing.Protocol[~T]')
class C(typing.Dict[Any, Any]): ...
# this line should just work
repr(C.__mro__)
def test_dict(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
b = B()
b.foo = 42
self.assertEqual(b.__dict__, {'foo': 42})
class C(B[int]):
pass
c = C()
c.bar = 'abc'
self.assertEqual(c.__dict__, {'bar': 'abc'})
def test_subscripted_generics_as_proxies(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
x = 'def'
self.assertEqual(C[int].x, 'def')
self.assertEqual(C[C[int]].x, 'def')
C[C[int]].x = 'changed'
self.assertEqual(C.x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[str].x, 'changed')
C[List[str]].z = 'new'
self.assertEqual(C.z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(C[Tuple[int]].z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(C().x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[Tuple[str]]().z, 'new')
class D(C[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(D[int].x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(D.z, 'new')
D.z = 'from derived z'
D[int].x = 'from derived x'
self.assertEqual(C.x, 'changed')
self.assertEqual(C[int].z, 'new')
self.assertEqual(D.x, 'from derived x')
self.assertEqual(D[str].z, 'from derived z')
def test_abc_registry_kept(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(collections.abc.Mapping, Generic[T]): ...
C.register(int)
self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
C[int]
self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
C._abc_registry_clear()
C._abc_caches_clear() # To keep refleak hunting mode clean
def test_false_subclasses(self):
class MyMapping(MutableMapping[str, str]): pass
self.assertNotIsInstance({}, MyMapping)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MyMapping)
def test_abc_bases(self):
class MM(MutableMapping[str, str]):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
# this should just work
MM().update()
self.assertIsInstance(MM(), collections.abc.MutableMapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MM(), MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(MM(), List)
self.assertNotIsInstance({}, MM)
def test_multiple_bases(self):
class MM1(MutableMapping[str, str], collections.abc.MutableMapping):
pass
class MM2(collections.abc.MutableMapping, MutableMapping[str, str]):
pass
self.assertEqual(MM2.__bases__, (collections.abc.MutableMapping, Generic))
def test_orig_bases(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(typing.Dict[str, T]): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__orig_bases__, (typing.Dict[str, T],))
def test_naive_runtime_checks(self):
def naive_dict_check(obj, tp):
# Check if a dictionary conforms to Dict type
if len(tp.__parameters__) > 0:
raise NotImplementedError
if tp.__args__:
KT, VT = tp.__args__
return all(
isinstance(k, KT) and isinstance(v, VT)
for k, v in obj.items()
)
self.assertTrue(naive_dict_check({'x': 1}, typing.Dict[str, int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_dict_check({1: 'x'}, typing.Dict[str, int]))
with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
naive_dict_check({1: 'x'}, typing.Dict[str, T])
def naive_generic_check(obj, tp):
# Check if an instance conforms to the generic class
if not hasattr(obj, '__orig_class__'):
raise NotImplementedError
return obj.__orig_class__ == tp
class Node(Generic[T]): ...
self.assertTrue(naive_generic_check(Node[int](), Node[int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_generic_check(Node[str](), Node[int]))
self.assertFalse(naive_generic_check(Node[str](), List))
with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
naive_generic_check([1, 2, 3], Node[int])
def naive_list_base_check(obj, tp):
# Check if list conforms to a List subclass
return all(isinstance(x, tp.__orig_bases__[0].__args__[0])
for x in obj)
class C(List[int]): ...
self.assertTrue(naive_list_base_check([1, 2, 3], C))
self.assertFalse(naive_list_base_check(['a', 'b'], C))
def test_multi_subscr_base(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U')
V = TypeVar('V')
class C(List[T][U][V]): ...
class D(C, List[T][U][V]): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__parameters__, (V,))
self.assertEqual(D.__parameters__, (V,))
self.assertEqual(C[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(D[int].__parameters__, ())
self.assertEqual(C[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(D[int].__args__, (int,))
self.assertEqual(C.__bases__, (list, Generic))
self.assertEqual(D.__bases__, (C, list, Generic))
self.assertEqual(C.__orig_bases__, (List[T][U][V],))
self.assertEqual(D.__orig_bases__, (C, List[T][U][V]))
def test_subscript_meta(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Meta(type): ...
self.assertEqual(Type[Meta], Type[Meta])
self.assertEqual(Union[T, int][Meta], Union[Meta, int])
self.assertEqual(Callable[..., Meta].__args__, (Ellipsis, Meta))
def test_generic_hashes(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
...
class B(Generic[T]):
class A(Generic[T]):
...
self.assertEqual(A, A)
self.assertEqual(mod_generics_cache.A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str])
self.assertEqual(B.A, B.A)
self.assertEqual(mod_generics_cache.B.A[B.A[str]],
mod_generics_cache.B.A[B.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(A, B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, mod_generics_cache.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, mod_generics_cache.B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(B.A, mod_generics_cache.A)
self.assertNotEqual(B.A, mod_generics_cache.B.A)
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], B.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(A[List[Any]], B.A[List[Any]])
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(A[str], mod_generics_cache.B.A[str])
self.assertNotEqual(B.A[int], mod_generics_cache.A[int])
self.assertNotEqual(B.A[List[Any]], mod_generics_cache.B.A[List[Any]])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[A[str]], Tuple[B.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(Tuple[A[List[Any]]], Tuple[B.A[List[Any]]])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[str, A[str]], Union[str, mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(Union[A[str], A[str]],
Union[A[str], mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
self.assertNotEqual(typing.FrozenSet[A[str]],
typing.FrozenSet[mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]])
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[A[str]]).endswith('<locals>.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[B.A[str]]).endswith('<locals>.B.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[mod_generics_cache.A[str]])
.endswith('mod_generics_cache.A[str]]'))
self.assertTrue(repr(Tuple[mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]])
.endswith('mod_generics_cache.B.A[str]]'))
def test_extended_generic_rules_eq(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U')
self.assertEqual(Tuple[T, T][int], Tuple[int, int])
self.assertEqual(typing.Iterable[Tuple[T, T]][T], typing.Iterable[Tuple[T, T]])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[T, int][()]
self.assertEqual(Union[T, int][int], int)
self.assertEqual(Union[T, U][int, Union[int, str]], Union[int, str])
class Base: ...
class Derived(Base): ...
self.assertEqual(Union[T, Base][Union[Base, Derived]], Union[Base, Derived])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Union[T, int][1]
self.assertEqual(Callable[[T], T][KT], Callable[[KT], KT])
self.assertEqual(Callable[..., List[T]][int], Callable[..., List[int]])
def test_extended_generic_rules_repr(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[Tuple, Callable]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Union[Tuple, Callable]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Union[Tuple, Tuple[int]]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Union[Tuple, Tuple[int]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Callable[..., Optional[T]][int]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Callable[..., Optional[int]]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Callable[[], List[T]][int]).replace('typing.', ''),
'Callable[[], List[int]]')
def test_generic_forward_ref(self):
def foobar(x: List[List['CC']]): ...
def foobar2(x: list[list[ForwardRef('CC')]]): ...
def foobar3(x: list[ForwardRef('CC | int')] | int): ...
class CC: ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': List[List[CC]]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar2, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[list[CC]]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar3, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[CC | int] | int}
)
T = TypeVar('T')
AT = Tuple[T, ...]
def barfoo(x: AT): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], AT)
CT = Callable[..., List[T]]
def barfoo2(x: CT): ...
self.assertIs(get_type_hints(barfoo2, globals(), locals())['x'], CT)
def test_extended_generic_rules_subclassing(self):
class T1(Tuple[T, KT]): ...
class T2(Tuple[T, ...]): ...
class C1(typing.Container[T]):
def __contains__(self, item):
return False
self.assertEqual(T1.__parameters__, (T, KT))
self.assertEqual(T1[int, str].__args__, (int, str))
self.assertEqual(T1[int, T].__origin__, T1)
self.assertEqual(T2.__parameters__, (T,))
# These don't work because of tuple.__class_item__
## with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
## T1[int]
## with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
## T2[int, str]
self.assertEqual(repr(C1[int]).split('.')[-1], 'C1[int]')
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertIsInstance(C1(), collections.abc.Container)
self.assertIsSubclass(C1, collections.abc.Container)
self.assertIsInstance(T1(), tuple)
self.assertIsSubclass(T2, tuple)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple[int, ...], typing.Sequence)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Tuple[int, ...], typing.Iterable)
def test_fail_with_bare_union(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[Union]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[Optional]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[ClassVar]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[ClassVar[int]]
def test_fail_with_bare_generic(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[Generic]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[Generic[T]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
List[typing.Protocol]
def test_type_erasure_special(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
# this is the only test that checks type caching
self.clear_caches()
class MyTup(Tuple[T, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyTup[int]().__class__, MyTup)
self.assertEqual(MyTup[int]().__orig_class__, MyTup[int])
class MyDict(typing.Dict[T, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyDict[int]().__class__, MyDict)
self.assertEqual(MyDict[int]().__orig_class__, MyDict[int])
class MyDef(typing.DefaultDict[str, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyDef[int]().__class__, MyDef)
self.assertEqual(MyDef[int]().__orig_class__, MyDef[int])
class MyChain(typing.ChainMap[str, T]): ...
self.assertIs(MyChain[int]().__class__, MyChain)
self.assertEqual(MyChain[int]().__orig_class__, MyChain[int])
def test_all_repr_eq_any(self):
objs = (getattr(typing, el) for el in typing.__all__)
for obj in objs:
self.assertNotEqual(repr(obj), '')
self.assertEqual(obj, obj)
if getattr(obj, '__parameters__', None) and len(obj.__parameters__) == 1:
self.assertEqual(obj[Any].__args__, (Any,))
if isinstance(obj, type):
for base in obj.__mro__:
self.assertNotEqual(repr(base), '')
self.assertEqual(base, base)
def test_pickle(self):
global C # pickle wants to reference the class by name
T = TypeVar('T')
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
class C(B[int]):
pass
c = C()
c.foo = 42
c.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(c, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 42, 'bar': 'abc'})
samples = [Any, Union, Tuple, Callable, ClassVar,
Union[int, str], ClassVar[List], Tuple[int, ...], Callable[[str], bytes],
typing.DefaultDict, typing.FrozenSet[int]]
for s in samples:
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(s, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(s, x)
more_samples = [List, typing.Iterable, typing.Type, List[int],
typing.Type[typing.Mapping], typing.AbstractSet[Tuple[int, str]]]
for s in more_samples:
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(s, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(s, x)
def test_copy_and_deepcopy(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Node(Generic[T]): ...
things = [Union[T, int], Tuple[T, int], Callable[..., T], Callable[[int], int],
Tuple[Any, Any], Node[T], Node[int], Node[Any], typing.Iterable[T],
typing.Iterable[Any], typing.Iterable[int], typing.Dict[int, str],
typing.Dict[T, Any], ClassVar[int], ClassVar[List[T]], Tuple['T', 'T'],
Union['T', int], List['T'], typing.Mapping['T', int]]
for t in things + [Any]:
self.assertEqual(t, copy(t))
self.assertEqual(t, deepcopy(t))
def test_immutability_by_copy_and_pickle(self):
# Special forms like Union, Any, etc., generic aliases to containers like List,
# Mapping, etc., and type variabcles are considered immutable by copy and pickle.
global TP, TPB, TPV, PP # for pickle
TP = TypeVar('TP')
TPB = TypeVar('TPB', bound=int)
TPV = TypeVar('TPV', bytes, str)
PP = ParamSpec('PP')
for X in [TP, TPB, TPV, PP,
List, typing.Mapping, ClassVar, typing.Iterable,
Union, Any, Tuple, Callable]:
with self.subTest(thing=X):
self.assertIs(copy(X), X)
self.assertIs(deepcopy(X), X)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
self.assertIs(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(X, proto)), X)
del TP, TPB, TPV, PP
# Check that local type variables are copyable.
TL = TypeVar('TL')
TLB = TypeVar('TLB', bound=int)
TLV = TypeVar('TLV', bytes, str)
PL = ParamSpec('PL')
for X in [TL, TLB, TLV, PL]:
with self.subTest(thing=X):
self.assertIs(copy(X), X)
self.assertIs(deepcopy(X), X)
def test_copy_generic_instances(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, attr: T) -> None:
self.attr = attr
c = C(42)
self.assertEqual(copy(c).attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c).attr, 42)
self.assertIsNot(copy(c), c)
self.assertIsNot(deepcopy(c), c)
c.attr = 1
self.assertEqual(copy(c).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(c).attr, 1)
ci = C[int](42)
self.assertEqual(copy(ci).attr, 42)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(ci).attr, 42)
self.assertIsNot(copy(ci), ci)
self.assertIsNot(deepcopy(ci), ci)
ci.attr = 1
self.assertEqual(copy(ci).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(deepcopy(ci).attr, 1)
self.assertEqual(ci.__orig_class__, C[int])
def test_weakref_all(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
things = [Any, Union[T, int], Callable[..., T], Tuple[Any, Any],
Optional[List[int]], typing.Mapping[int, str],
typing.Match[bytes], typing.Iterable['whatever']]
for t in things:
self.assertEqual(weakref.ref(t)(), t)
def test_parameterized_slots(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
__slots__ = ('potato',)
c = C()
c_int = C[int]()
c.potato = 0
c_int.potato = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
c.tomato = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
c_int.tomato = 0
def foo(x: C['C']): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals())['x'], C[C])
self.assertEqual(copy(C[int]), deepcopy(C[int]))
def test_parameterized_slots_dict(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class D(Generic[T]):
__slots__ = {'banana': 42}
d = D()
d_int = D[int]()
d.banana = 'yes'
d_int.banana = 'yes'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
d.foobar = 'no'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
d_int.foobar = 'no'
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
B = SimpleMapping[XK, Any]
class C(Generic[B]):
pass
def test_repr_2(self):
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(C.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(C.__qualname__,
'GenericTests.test_repr_2.<locals>.C')
X = C[int]
self.assertEqual(X.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(repr(X).split('.')[-1], 'C[int]')
class Y(C[int]):
pass
self.assertEqual(Y.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(Y.__qualname__,
'GenericTests.test_repr_2.<locals>.Y')
def test_eq_1(self):
self.assertEqual(Generic, Generic)
self.assertEqual(Generic[T], Generic[T])
self.assertNotEqual(Generic[KT], Generic[VT])
def test_eq_2(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
class B(Generic[T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(A, A)
self.assertNotEqual(A, B)
self.assertEqual(A[T], A[T])
self.assertNotEqual(A[T], B[T])
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class A(Generic[T, VT]):
pass
class B(Generic[KT, T]):
pass
class C(A[T, VT], Generic[VT, T, KT], B[KT, T]):
pass
self.assertEqual(C.__parameters__, (VT, T, KT))
def test_multiple_inheritance_special(self):
S = TypeVar('S')
class B(Generic[S]): ...
class C(List[int], B): ...
self.assertEqual(C.__mro__, (C, list, B, Generic, object))
def test_init_subclass_super_called(self):
class FinalException(Exception):
pass
class Final:
def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs) -> None:
for base in cls.__bases__:
if base is not Final and issubclass(base, Final):
raise FinalException(base)
super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
class Test(Generic[T], Final):
pass
with self.assertRaises(FinalException):
class Subclass(Test):
pass
with self.assertRaises(FinalException):
class Subclass(Test[int]):
pass
def test_nested(self):
G = Generic
class Visitor(G[T]):
a = None
def set(self, a: T):
self.a = a
def get(self):
return self.a
def visit(self) -> T:
return self.a
V = Visitor[typing.List[int]]
class IntListVisitor(V):
def append(self, x: int):
self.a.append(x)
a = IntListVisitor()
a.set([])
a.append(1)
a.append(42)
self.assertEqual(a.get(), [1, 42])
def test_type_erasure(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class Node(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, label: T,
left: 'Node[T]' = None,
right: 'Node[T]' = None):
self.label = label # type: T
self.left = left # type: Optional[Node[T]]
self.right = right # type: Optional[Node[T]]
def foo(x: T):
a = Node(x)
b = Node[T](x)
c = Node[Any](x)
self.assertIs(type(a), Node)
self.assertIs(type(b), Node)
self.assertIs(type(c), Node)
self.assertEqual(a.label, x)
self.assertEqual(b.label, x)
self.assertEqual(c.label, x)
foo(42)
def test_implicit_any(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]):
pass
class D(C):
pass
self.assertEqual(D.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaises(Exception):
D[int]
with self.assertRaises(Exception):
D[Any]
with self.assertRaises(Exception):
D[T]
def test_new_with_args(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
class B:
def __new__(cls, arg):
# call object
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.arg = arg
return obj
# mro: C, A, Generic, B, object
class C(A, B):
pass
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.arg, 'foo')
def test_new_with_args2(self):
class A:
def __init__(self, arg):
self.from_a = arg
# call object
super().__init__()
# mro: C, Generic, A, object
class C(Generic[T], A):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.from_c = arg
# call Generic
super().__init__(arg)
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_a, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_c, 'foo')
def test_new_no_args(self):
class A(Generic[T]):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A('foo')
class B:
def __new__(cls):
# call object
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.from_b = 'b'
return obj
# mro: C, A, Generic, B, object
class C(A, B):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.arg = arg
def __new__(cls, arg):
# call A
obj = super().__new__(cls)
obj.from_c = 'c'
return obj
c = C('foo')
self.assertEqual(c.arg, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(c.from_b, 'b')
self.assertEqual(c.from_c, 'c')
def test_subclass_special_form(self):
for obj in (
ClassVar[int],
Final[int],
Union[int, float],
Optional[int],
Literal[1, 2],
Concatenate[int, ParamSpec("P")],
TypeGuard[int],
):
with self.subTest(msg=obj):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError, f'^{re.escape(f"Cannot subclass {obj!r}")}$'
):
class Foo(obj):
pass
class ClassVarTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[1]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar[int][str]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(ClassVar), 'typing.ClassVar')
cv = ClassVar[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.ClassVar[int]')
cv = ClassVar[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.ClassVar[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(ClassVar)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(ClassVar[int])):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
ClassVar()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(ClassVar)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(ClassVar[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, ClassVar[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, ClassVar)
class FinalTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
Final[int] # OK
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final[1]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final[int, str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final[int][str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Optional[Final[int]]
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Final), 'typing.Final')
cv = Final[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[int]')
cv = Final[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
cv = Final[tuple[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.Final[tuple[int]]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(Final)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(Final[int])):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Final()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Final)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(Final[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, Final[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Final)
class FinalDecoratorTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_final_unmodified(self):
def func(x): ...
self.assertIs(func, final(func))
def test_dunder_final(self):
@final
def func(): ...
@final
class Cls: ...
self.assertIs(True, func.__final__)
self.assertIs(True, Cls.__final__)
class Wrapper:
__slots__ = ("func",)
def __init__(self, func):
self.func = func
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
# Check that no error is thrown if the attribute
# is not writable.
@final
@Wrapper
def wrapped(): ...
self.assertIsInstance(wrapped, Wrapper)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(wrapped, "__final__"))
class Meta(type):
@property
def __final__(self): return "can't set me"
@final
class WithMeta(metaclass=Meta): ...
self.assertEqual(WithMeta.__final__, "can't set me")
# Builtin classes throw TypeError if you try to set an
# attribute.
final(int)
self.assertIs(False, hasattr(int, "__final__"))
# Make sure it works with common builtin decorators
class Methods:
@final
@classmethod
def clsmethod(cls): ...
@final
@staticmethod
def stmethod(): ...
# The other order doesn't work because property objects
# don't allow attribute assignment.
@property
@final
def prop(self): ...
@final
@lru_cache()
def cached(self): ...
# Use getattr_static because the descriptor returns the
# underlying function, which doesn't have __final__.
self.assertIs(
True,
inspect.getattr_static(Methods, "clsmethod").__final__
)
self.assertIs(
True,
inspect.getattr_static(Methods, "stmethod").__final__
)
self.assertIs(True, Methods.prop.fget.__final__)
self.assertIs(True, Methods.cached.__final__)
class CastTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
self.assertEqual(cast(int, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(float, 42), 42)
self.assertIs(type(cast(float, 42)), int)
self.assertEqual(cast(Any, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(list, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(Union[str, float], 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(AnyStr, 42), 42)
self.assertEqual(cast(None, 42), 42)
def test_errors(self):
# Bogus calls are not expected to fail.
cast(42, 42)
cast('hello', 42)
class ForwardRefTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
class Node(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, label: T):
self.label = label
self.left = self.right = None
def add_both(self,
left: 'Optional[Node[T]]',
right: 'Node[T]' = None,
stuff: int = None,
blah=None):
self.left = left
self.right = right
def add_left(self, node: Optional['Node[T]']):
self.add_both(node, None)
def add_right(self, node: 'Node[T]' = None):
self.add_both(None, node)
t = Node[int]
both_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_both, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(both_hints['left'], Optional[Node[T]])
self.assertEqual(both_hints['right'], Optional[Node[T]])
self.assertEqual(both_hints['left'], both_hints['right'])
self.assertEqual(both_hints['stuff'], Optional[int])
self.assertNotIn('blah', both_hints)
left_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_left, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(left_hints['node'], Optional[Node[T]])
right_hints = get_type_hints(t.add_right, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(right_hints['node'], Optional[Node[T]])
def test_forwardref_instance_type_error(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, fr)
def test_forwardref_subclass_type_error(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, fr)
def test_forward_equality(self):
fr = typing.ForwardRef('int')
self.assertEqual(fr, typing.ForwardRef('int'))
self.assertNotEqual(List['int'], List[int])
def test_forward_equality_gth(self):
c1 = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c1_gth = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c2 = typing.ForwardRef('C')
c2_gth = typing.ForwardRef('C')
class C:
pass
def foo(a: c1_gth, b: c2_gth):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()), {'a': C, 'b': C})
self.assertEqual(c1, c2)
self.assertEqual(c1, c1_gth)
self.assertEqual(c1_gth, c2_gth)
self.assertEqual(List[c1], List[c1_gth])
self.assertNotEqual(List[c1], List[C])
self.assertNotEqual(List[c1_gth], List[C])
self.assertEqual(Union[c1, c1_gth], Union[c1])
self.assertEqual(Union[c1, c1_gth, int], Union[c1, int])
def test_forward_equality_hash(self):
c1 = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c1_gth = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c2 = typing.ForwardRef('int')
c2_gth = typing.ForwardRef('int')
def foo(a: c1_gth, b: c2_gth):
pass
get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals())
self.assertEqual(hash(c1), hash(c2))
self.assertEqual(hash(c1_gth), hash(c2_gth))
self.assertEqual(hash(c1), hash(c1_gth))
def test_forward_equality_namespace(self):
class A:
pass
def namespace1():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
def fun(x: a):
pass
get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def namespace2():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
class A:
pass
def fun(x: a):
pass
get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
self.assertEqual(namespace1(), namespace1())
self.assertNotEqual(namespace1(), namespace2())
def test_forward_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(List['int']), "typing.List[ForwardRef('int')]")
def test_union_forward(self):
def foo(a: Union['T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Union[T]})
def foo(a: tuple[ForwardRef('T')] | int):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': tuple[T] | int})
def test_tuple_forward(self):
def foo(a: Tuple['T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Tuple[T]})
def foo(a: tuple[ForwardRef('T')]):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': tuple[T]})
def test_double_forward(self):
def foo(a: 'List[\'int\']'):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': List[int]})
def test_forward_recursion_actually(self):
def namespace1():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
A = a
def fun(x: a): pass
ret = get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def namespace2():
a = typing.ForwardRef('A')
A = a
def fun(x: a): pass
ret = get_type_hints(fun, globals(), locals())
return a
def cmp(o1, o2):
return o1 == o2
r1 = namespace1()
r2 = namespace2()
self.assertIsNot(r1, r2)
self.assertRaises(RecursionError, cmp, r1, r2)
def test_union_forward_recursion(self):
ValueList = List['Value']
Value = Union[str, ValueList]
class C:
foo: List[Value]
class D:
foo: Union[Value, ValueList]
class E:
foo: Union[List[Value], ValueList]
class F:
foo: Union[Value, List[Value], ValueList]
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()), get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()))
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(D, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(E, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[
List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]],
List[Union[str, List['Value']]]
]
})
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(F, globals(), locals()),
{'foo': Union[
str,
List[Union[str, List['Value']]],
List[Union[str, List[Union[str, List['Value']]]]]
]
})
def test_callable_forward(self):
def foo(a: Callable[['T'], 'T']):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[[T], T]})
def test_callable_with_ellipsis_forward(self):
def foo(a: 'Callable[..., T]'):
pass
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(foo, globals(), locals()),
{'a': Callable[..., T]})
def test_syntax_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
Generic['/T']
def test_delayed_syntax_error(self):
def foo(a: 'Node[T'):
pass
with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
get_type_hints(foo)
def test_type_error(self):
def foo(a: Tuple['42']):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
get_type_hints(foo)
def test_name_error(self):
def foo(a: 'Noode[T]'):
pass
with self.assertRaises(NameError):
get_type_hints(foo, locals())
def test_no_type_check(self):
@no_type_check
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
th = get_type_hints(foo)
self.assertEqual(th, {})
def test_no_type_check_class(self):
@no_type_check
class C:
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
cth = get_type_hints(C.foo)
self.assertEqual(cth, {})
ith = get_type_hints(C().foo)
self.assertEqual(ith, {})
def test_no_type_check_no_bases(self):
class C:
def meth(self, x: int): ...
@no_type_check
class D(C):
c = C
# verify that @no_type_check never affects bases
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C.meth), {'x': int})
def test_no_type_check_forward_ref_as_string(self):
class C:
foo: typing.ClassVar[int] = 7
class D:
foo: ClassVar[int] = 7
class E:
foo: 'typing.ClassVar[int]' = 7
class F:
foo: 'ClassVar[int]' = 7
expected_result = {'foo': typing.ClassVar[int]}
for clazz in [C, D, E, F]:
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(clazz), expected_result)
def test_nested_classvar_fails_forward_ref_check(self):
class E:
foo: 'typing.ClassVar[typing.ClassVar[int]]' = 7
class F:
foo: ClassVar['ClassVar[int]'] = 7
for clazz in [E, F]:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
get_type_hints(clazz)
def test_meta_no_type_check(self):
@no_type_check_decorator
def magic_decorator(func):
return func
self.assertEqual(magic_decorator.__name__, 'magic_decorator')
@magic_decorator
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
@magic_decorator
class C:
def foo(a: 'whatevers') -> {}:
pass
self.assertEqual(foo.__name__, 'foo')
th = get_type_hints(foo)
self.assertEqual(th, {})
cth = get_type_hints(C.foo)
self.assertEqual(cth, {})
ith = get_type_hints(C().foo)
self.assertEqual(ith, {})
def test_default_globals(self):
code = ("class C:\n"
" def foo(self, a: 'C') -> 'D': pass\n"
"class D:\n"
" def bar(self, b: 'D') -> C: pass\n"
)
ns = {}
exec(code, ns)
hints = get_type_hints(ns['C'].foo)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'a': ns['C'], 'return': ns['D']})
def test_final_forward_ref(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final[Loop])
self.assertNotEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final[int])
self.assertNotEqual(gth(Loop, globals())['attr'], Final)
def test_or(self):
X = ForwardRef('X')
# __or__/__ror__ itself
self.assertEqual(X | "x", Union[X, "x"])
self.assertEqual("x" | X, Union["x", X])
class OverloadTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_overload_fails(self):
from typing import overload
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
@overload
def blah():
pass
blah()
def test_overload_succeeds(self):
from typing import overload
@overload
def blah():
pass
def blah():
pass
blah()
# Definitions needed for features introduced in Python 3.6
from test import ann_module, ann_module2, ann_module3, ann_module5, ann_module6
import asyncio
T_a = TypeVar('T_a')
class AwaitableWrapper(typing.Awaitable[T_a]):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __await__(self) -> typing.Iterator[T_a]:
yield
return self.value
class AsyncIteratorWrapper(typing.AsyncIterator[T_a]):
def __init__(self, value: typing.Iterable[T_a]):
self.value = value
def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[T_a]:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> T_a:
data = await self.value
if data:
return data
else:
raise StopAsyncIteration
class ACM:
async def __aenter__(self) -> int:
return 42
async def __aexit__(self, etype, eval, tb):
return None
class A:
y: float
class B(A):
x: ClassVar[Optional['B']] = None
y: int
b: int
class CSub(B):
z: ClassVar['CSub'] = B()
class G(Generic[T]):
lst: ClassVar[List[T]] = []
class Loop:
attr: Final['Loop']
class NoneAndForward:
parent: 'NoneAndForward'
meaning: None
class CoolEmployee(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int
class CoolEmployeeWithDefault(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int = 0
class XMeth(NamedTuple):
x: int
def double(self):
return 2 * self.x
class XRepr(NamedTuple):
x: int
y: int = 1
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.x} -> {self.y}'
def __add__(self, other):
return 0
Label = TypedDict('Label', [('label', str)])
class Point2D(TypedDict):
x: int
y: int
class Bar(_typed_dict_helper.Foo, total=False):
b: int
class LabelPoint2D(Point2D, Label): ...
class Options(TypedDict, total=False):
log_level: int
log_path: str
class HasForeignBaseClass(mod_generics_cache.A):
some_xrepr: 'XRepr'
other_a: 'mod_generics_cache.A'
async def g_with(am: typing.AsyncContextManager[int]):
x: int
async with am as x:
return x
try:
g_with(ACM()).send(None)
except StopIteration as e:
assert e.args[0] == 42
gth = get_type_hints
class ForRefExample:
@ann_module.dec
def func(self: 'ForRefExample'):
pass
@ann_module.dec
@ann_module.dec
def nested(self: 'ForRefExample'):
pass
class GetTypeHintTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_get_type_hints_from_various_objects(self):
# For invalid objects should fail with TypeError (not AttributeError etc).
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth(123)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth('abc')
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
gth(None)
def test_get_type_hints_modules(self):
ann_module_type_hints = {1: 2, 'f': Tuple[int, int], 'x': int, 'y': str, 'u': int | float}
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module), ann_module_type_hints)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module3), {})
@skip("known bug")
def test_get_type_hints_modules_forwardref(self):
# FIXME: This currently exposes a bug in typing. Cached forward references
# don't account for the case where there are multiple types of the same
# name coming from different modules in the same program.
mgc_hints = {'default_a': Optional[mod_generics_cache.A],
'default_b': Optional[mod_generics_cache.B]}
self.assertEqual(gth(mod_generics_cache), mgc_hints)
def test_get_type_hints_classes(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.C), # gth will find the right globalns
{'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertIsInstance(gth(ann_module.j_class), dict)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.M), {'123': 123, 'o': type})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.D),
{'j': str, 'k': str, 'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.Y), {'z': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.h_class),
{'y': Optional[ann_module.C]})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.S), {'x': str, 'y': str})
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module.foo), {'x': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(NoneAndForward),
{'parent': NoneAndForward, 'meaning': type(None)})
self.assertEqual(gth(HasForeignBaseClass),
{'some_xrepr': XRepr, 'other_a': mod_generics_cache.A,
'some_b': mod_generics_cache.B})
self.assertEqual(gth(XRepr.__new__),
{'x': int, 'y': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(mod_generics_cache.B),
{'my_inner_a1': mod_generics_cache.B.A,
'my_inner_a2': mod_generics_cache.B.A,
'my_outer_a': mod_generics_cache.A})
def test_get_type_hints_classes_no_implicit_optional(self):
class WithNoneDefault:
field: int = None # most type-checkers won't be happy with it
self.assertEqual(gth(WithNoneDefault), {'field': int})
def test_respect_no_type_check(self):
@no_type_check
class NoTpCheck:
class Inn:
def __init__(self, x: 'not a type'): ...
self.assertTrue(NoTpCheck.__no_type_check__)
self.assertTrue(NoTpCheck.Inn.__init__.__no_type_check__)
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2.NTC.meth), {})
class ABase(Generic[T]):
def meth(x: int): ...
@no_type_check
class Der(ABase): ...
self.assertEqual(gth(ABase.meth), {'x': int})
def test_get_type_hints_for_builtins(self):
# Should not fail for built-in classes and functions.
self.assertEqual(gth(int), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(type), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(dir), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(len), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(object.__str__), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(object().__str__), {})
self.assertEqual(gth(str.join), {})
def test_previous_behavior(self):
def testf(x, y): ...
testf.__annotations__['x'] = 'int'
self.assertEqual(gth(testf), {'x': int})
def testg(x: None): ...
self.assertEqual(gth(testg), {'x': type(None)})
def test_get_type_hints_for_object_with_annotations(self):
class A: ...
class B: ...
b = B()
b.__annotations__ = {'x': 'A'}
self.assertEqual(gth(b, locals()), {'x': A})
def test_get_type_hints_ClassVar(self):
self.assertEqual(gth(ann_module2.CV, ann_module2.__dict__),
{'var': typing.ClassVar[ann_module2.CV]})
self.assertEqual(gth(B, globals()),
{'y': int, 'x': ClassVar[Optional[B]], 'b': int})
self.assertEqual(gth(CSub, globals()),
{'z': ClassVar[CSub], 'y': int, 'b': int,
'x': ClassVar[Optional[B]]})
self.assertEqual(gth(G), {'lst': ClassVar[List[T]]})
def test_get_type_hints_wrapped_decoratored_func(self):
expects = {'self': ForRefExample}
self.assertEqual(gth(ForRefExample.func), expects)
self.assertEqual(gth(ForRefExample.nested), expects)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated(self):
def foobar(x: List['X']): ...
X = Annotated[int, (1, 10)]
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': List[int]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'x': List[Annotated[int, (1, 10)]]}
)
def foobar(x: list[ForwardRef('X')]): ...
X = Annotated[int, (1, 10)]
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals()),
{'x': list[int]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(foobar, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'x': list[Annotated[int, (1, 10)]]}
)
BA = Tuple[Annotated[T, (1, 0)], ...]
def barfoo(x: BA): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], Tuple[T, ...])
self.assertIs(
get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)['x'],
BA
)
BA = tuple[Annotated[T, (1, 0)], ...]
def barfoo(x: BA): ...
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals())['x'], tuple[T, ...])
self.assertIs(
get_type_hints(barfoo, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)['x'],
BA
)
def barfoo2(x: typing.Callable[..., Annotated[List[T], "const"]],
y: typing.Union[int, Annotated[T, "mutable"]]): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo2, globals(), locals()),
{'x': typing.Callable[..., List[T]], 'y': typing.Union[int, T]}
)
BA2 = typing.Callable[..., List[T]]
def barfoo3(x: BA2): ...
self.assertIs(
get_type_hints(barfoo3, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True)["x"],
BA2
)
BA3 = typing.Annotated[int | float, "const"]
def barfoo4(x: BA3): ...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo4, globals(), locals()),
{"x": int | float}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(barfoo4, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{"x": typing.Annotated[int | float, "const"]}
)
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_refs(self):
Const = Annotated[T, "Const"]
class MySet(Generic[T]):
def __ior__(self, other: "Const[MySet[T]]") -> "MySet[T]":
...
def __iand__(self, other: Const["MySet[T]"]) -> "MySet[T]":
...
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__iand__, globals(), locals()),
{'other': MySet[T], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__iand__, globals(), locals(), include_extras=True),
{'other': Const[MySet[T]], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(MySet.__ior__, globals(), locals()),
{'other': MySet[T], 'return': MySet[T]}
)
def test_get_type_hints_classes_str_annotations(self):
class Foo:
y = str
x: 'y'
# This previously raised an error under PEP 563.
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(Foo), {'x': str})
def test_get_type_hints_bad_module(self):
# bpo-41515
class BadModule:
pass
BadModule.__module__ = 'bad' # Something not in sys.modules
self.assertNotIn('bad', sys.modules)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(BadModule), {})
def test_get_type_hints_annotated_bad_module(self):
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue44468
class BadBase:
foo: tuple
class BadType(BadBase):
bar: list
BadType.__module__ = BadBase.__module__ = 'bad'
self.assertNotIn('bad', sys.modules)
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(BadType), {'foo': tuple, 'bar': list})
def test_forward_ref_and_final(self):
# https://bugs.python.org/issue45166
hints = get_type_hints(ann_module5)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'name': Final[str]})
hints = get_type_hints(ann_module5.MyClass)
self.assertEqual(hints, {'value': Final})
def test_top_level_class_var(self):
# https://bugs.python.org/issue45166
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
r'typing.ClassVar\[int\] is not valid as type argument',
):
get_type_hints(ann_module6)
class GetUtilitiesTestCase(TestCase):
def test_get_origin(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
P = ParamSpec('P')
class C(Generic[T]): pass
self.assertIs(get_origin(C[int]), C)
self.assertIs(get_origin(C[T]), C)
self.assertIs(get_origin(int), None)
self.assertIs(get_origin(ClassVar[int]), ClassVar)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Union[int, str]), Union)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Literal[42, 43]), Literal)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Final[List[int]]), Final)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Generic), Generic)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Generic[T]), Generic)
self.assertIs(get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Annotated[T, 'thing']), Annotated)
self.assertIs(get_origin(List), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Tuple), tuple)
self.assertIs(get_origin(Callable), collections.abc.Callable)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list[int]), list)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list), None)
self.assertIs(get_origin(list | str), types.UnionType)
self.assertIs(get_origin(P.args), P)
self.assertIs(get_origin(P.kwargs), P)
def test_get_args(self):
T = TypeVar('T')
class C(Generic[T]): pass
self.assertEqual(get_args(C[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(C[T]), (T,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(int), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(ClassVar[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, str]), (int, str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Literal[42, 43]), (42, 43))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Final[List[int]]), (List[int],))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]),
(int, Tuple[str, int]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(typing.Dict[int, Tuple[T, T]][Optional[int]]),
(int, Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[[], T][int]), ([], int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[..., int]), (..., int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Union[int, Callable[[Tuple[T, ...]], str]]),
(int, Callable[[Tuple[T, ...]], str]))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple[int, ...]), (int, ...))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple[()]), ((),))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Annotated[T, 'one', 2, ['three']]), (T, 'one', 2, ['three']))
self.assertEqual(get_args(List), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Tuple), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(list[int]), (int,))
self.assertEqual(get_args(list), ())
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[int], str]), ([int], str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[..., str]), (..., str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[], str]), ([], str))
self.assertEqual(get_args(collections.abc.Callable[[int], str]),
get_args(Callable[[int], str]))
P = ParamSpec('P')
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[P, int]), (P, int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]),
(Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(get_args(list | str), (list, str))
class CollectionsAbcTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_hashable(self):
self.assertIsInstance(42, typing.Hashable)
self.assertNotIsInstance([], typing.Hashable)
def test_iterable(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
# Due to ABC caching, the second time takes a separate code
# path and could fail. So call this a few times.
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Iterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Iterable)
# Just in case, also test issubclass() a few times.
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.Iterable)
def test_iterator(self):
it = iter([])
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.Iterator)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Iterator)
def test_awaitable(self):
ns = {}
exec(
"async def foo() -> typing.Awaitable[int]:\n"
" return await AwaitableWrapper(42)\n",
globals(), ns)
foo = ns['foo']
g = foo()
self.assertIsInstance(g, typing.Awaitable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(foo, typing.Awaitable)
g.send(None) # Run foo() till completion, to avoid warning.
def test_coroutine(self):
ns = {}
exec(
"async def foo():\n"
" return\n",
globals(), ns)
foo = ns['foo']
g = foo()
self.assertIsInstance(g, typing.Coroutine)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(g, typing.Coroutine[int])
self.assertNotIsInstance(foo, typing.Coroutine)
try:
g.send(None)
except StopIteration:
pass
def test_async_iterable(self):
base_it = range(10) # type: Iterator[int]
it = AsyncIteratorWrapper(base_it)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AsyncIterable)
def test_async_iterator(self):
base_it = range(10) # type: Iterator[int]
it = AsyncIteratorWrapper(base_it)
self.assertIsInstance(it, typing.AsyncIterator)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AsyncIterator)
def test_sized(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Sized)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Sized)
def test_container(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Container)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Container)
def test_collection(self):
self.assertIsInstance(tuple(), typing.Collection)
self.assertIsInstance(frozenset(), typing.Collection)
self.assertIsSubclass(dict, typing.Collection)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Collection)
def test_abstractset(self):
self.assertIsInstance(set(), typing.AbstractSet)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.AbstractSet)
def test_mutableset(self):
self.assertIsInstance(set(), typing.MutableSet)
self.assertNotIsInstance(frozenset(), typing.MutableSet)
def test_mapping(self):
self.assertIsInstance({}, typing.Mapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Mapping)
def test_mutablemapping(self):
self.assertIsInstance({}, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.MutableMapping)
def test_sequence(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.Sequence)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.Sequence)
def test_mutablesequence(self):
self.assertIsInstance([], typing.MutableSequence)
self.assertNotIsInstance((), typing.MutableSequence)
def test_bytestring(self):
self.assertIsInstance(b'', typing.ByteString)
self.assertIsInstance(bytearray(b''), typing.ByteString)
def test_list(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(list, typing.List)
def test_deque(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(collections.deque, typing.Deque)
class MyDeque(typing.Deque[int]): ...
self.assertIsInstance(MyDeque(), collections.deque)
def test_counter(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(collections.Counter, typing.Counter)
def test_set(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(set, typing.Set)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(frozenset, typing.Set)
def test_frozenset(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(frozenset, typing.FrozenSet)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(set, typing.FrozenSet)
def test_dict(self):
self.assertIsSubclass(dict, typing.Dict)
def test_dict_subscribe(self):
K = TypeVar('K')
V = TypeVar('V')
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, V][str, int], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, int][str], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[str, V][int], Dict[str, int])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, List[V]][str, int], Dict[str, List[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, List[int]][str], Dict[str, List[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, list[V]][str, int], Dict[str, list[int]])
self.assertEqual(Dict[K, list[int]][str], Dict[str, list[int]])
def test_no_list_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.List[int]()
def test_list_subclass(self):
class MyList(typing.List[int]):
pass
a = MyList()
self.assertIsInstance(a, MyList)
self.assertIsInstance(a, typing.Sequence)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyList, list)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(list, MyList)
def test_no_dict_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict[KT, VT]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Dict[str, int]()
def test_dict_subclass(self):
class MyDict(typing.Dict[str, int]):
pass
d = MyDict()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyDict)
self.assertIsInstance(d, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyDict, dict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MyDict)
def test_defaultdict_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict()), collections.defaultdict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict[KT, VT]()), collections.defaultdict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.DefaultDict[str, int]()), collections.defaultdict)
def test_defaultdict_subclass(self):
class MyDefDict(typing.DefaultDict[str, int]):
pass
dd = MyDefDict()
self.assertIsInstance(dd, MyDefDict)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyDefDict, collections.defaultdict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.defaultdict, MyDefDict)
def test_ordereddict_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict()), collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict[KT, VT]()), collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertIs(type(typing.OrderedDict[str, int]()), collections.OrderedDict)
def test_ordereddict_subclass(self):
class MyOrdDict(typing.OrderedDict[str, int]):
pass
od = MyOrdDict()
self.assertIsInstance(od, MyOrdDict)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyOrdDict, collections.OrderedDict)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.OrderedDict, MyOrdDict)
def test_chainmap_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap()), collections.ChainMap)
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap[KT, VT]()), collections.ChainMap)
self.assertIs(type(typing.ChainMap[str, int]()), collections.ChainMap)
class CM(typing.ChainMap[KT, VT]): ...
self.assertIs(type(CM[int, str]()), CM)
def test_chainmap_subclass(self):
class MyChainMap(typing.ChainMap[str, int]):
pass
cm = MyChainMap()
self.assertIsInstance(cm, MyChainMap)
self.assertIsSubclass(MyChainMap, collections.ChainMap)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(collections.ChainMap, MyChainMap)
def test_deque_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque()), collections.deque)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque[T]()), collections.deque)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Deque[int]()), collections.deque)
class D(typing.Deque[T]): ...
self.assertIs(type(D[int]()), D)
def test_counter_instantiation(self):
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter()), collections.Counter)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter[T]()), collections.Counter)
self.assertIs(type(typing.Counter[int]()), collections.Counter)
class C(typing.Counter[T]): ...
self.assertIs(type(C[int]()), C)
def test_counter_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MyCounter(typing.Counter[int]):
pass
d = MyCounter()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyCounter)
self.assertIsInstance(d, typing.Counter)
self.assertIsInstance(d, collections.Counter)
def test_no_set_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Set[int]()
def test_set_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MySet(typing.Set[int]):
pass
d = MySet()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MySet)
def test_no_frozenset_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.FrozenSet[int]()
def test_frozenset_subclass_instantiation(self):
class MyFrozenSet(typing.FrozenSet[int]):
pass
d = MyFrozenSet()
self.assertIsInstance(d, MyFrozenSet)
def test_no_tuple_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Tuple[int]()
def test_generator(self):
def foo():
yield 42
g = foo()
self.assertIsSubclass(type(g), typing.Generator)
def test_no_generator_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator[T, T, T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.Generator[int, int, int]()
def test_async_generator(self):
ns = {}
exec("async def f():\n"
" yield 42\n", globals(), ns)
g = ns['f']()
self.assertIsSubclass(type(g), typing.AsyncGenerator)
def test_no_async_generator_instantiation(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator[T, T]()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncGenerator[int, int]()
def test_subclassing(self):
class MMA(typing.MutableMapping):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError): # It's abstract
MMA()
class MMC(MMA):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
self.assertEqual(len(MMC()), 0)
assert callable(MMC.update)
self.assertIsInstance(MMC(), typing.Mapping)
class MMB(typing.MutableMapping[KT, VT]):
def __getitem__(self, k):
return None
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
pass
def __delitem__(self, k):
pass
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
def __len__(self):
return 0
self.assertEqual(len(MMB()), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(MMB[str, str]()), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(MMB[KT, VT]()), 0)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MMA)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(dict, MMB)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMA, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMB, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MMB[KT, VT](), typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsInstance(MMB[KT, VT](), collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMA, collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMB, collections.abc.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, collections.abc.Mapping)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(MMB[str, str], typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(MMC, MMA)
class I(typing.Iterable): ...
self.assertNotIsSubclass(list, I)
class G(typing.Generator[int, int, int]): ...
def g(): yield 0
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.Generator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.Iterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.Generator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.Iterable)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(type(g), G)
def test_subclassing_async_generator(self):
class G(typing.AsyncGenerator[int, int]):
def asend(self, value):
pass
def athrow(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
pass
ns = {}
exec('async def g(): yield 0', globals(), ns)
g = ns['g']
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsSubclass(G, collections.abc.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(type(g), G)
instance = G()
self.assertIsInstance(instance, typing.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, typing.AsyncIterable)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, collections.abc.AsyncGenerator)
self.assertIsInstance(instance, collections.abc.AsyncIterable)
self.assertNotIsInstance(type(g), G)
self.assertNotIsInstance(g, G)
def test_subclassing_subclasshook(self):
class Base(typing.Iterable):
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, other):
if other.__name__ == 'Foo':
return True
else:
return False
class C(Base): ...
class Foo: ...
class Bar: ...
self.assertIsSubclass(Foo, Base)
self.assertIsSubclass(Foo, C)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Bar, C)
def test_subclassing_register(self):
class A(typing.Container): ...
class B(A): ...
class C: ...
A.register(C)
self.assertIsSubclass(C, A)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(C, B)
class D: ...
B.register(D)
self.assertIsSubclass(D, A)
self.assertIsSubclass(D, B)
class M(): ...
collections.abc.MutableMapping.register(M)
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Mapping)
def test_collections_as_base(self):
class M(collections.abc.Mapping): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Mapping)
self.assertIsSubclass(M, typing.Iterable)
class S(collections.abc.MutableSequence): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(S, typing.MutableSequence)
self.assertIsSubclass(S, typing.Iterable)
class I(collections.abc.Iterable): ...
self.assertIsSubclass(I, typing.Iterable)
class A(collections.abc.Mapping, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): ...
class B: ...
A.register(B)
self.assertIsSubclass(B, typing.Mapping)
def test_or_and_ror(self):
self.assertEqual(typing.Sized | typing.Awaitable, Union[typing.Sized, typing.Awaitable])
self.assertEqual(typing.Coroutine | typing.Hashable, Union[typing.Coroutine, typing.Hashable])
class OtherABCTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_contextmanager(self):
@contextlib.contextmanager
def manager():
yield 42
cm = manager()
self.assertIsInstance(cm, typing.ContextManager)
self.assertNotIsInstance(42, typing.ContextManager)
def test_async_contextmanager(self):
class NotACM:
pass
self.assertIsInstance(ACM(), typing.AsyncContextManager)
self.assertNotIsInstance(NotACM(), typing.AsyncContextManager)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def manager():
yield 42
cm = manager()
self.assertNotIsInstance(cm, typing.AsyncContextManager)
self.assertEqual(typing.AsyncContextManager[int].__args__, (int,))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, typing.AsyncContextManager[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
typing.AsyncContextManager[int, str]
class TypeTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_type_basic(self):
class User: pass
class BasicUser(User): pass
class ProUser(User): pass
def new_user(user_class: Type[User]) -> User:
return user_class()
new_user(BasicUser)
def test_type_typevar(self):
class User: pass
class BasicUser(User): pass
class ProUser(User): pass
U = TypeVar('U', bound=User)
def new_user(user_class: Type[U]) -> U:
return user_class()
new_user(BasicUser)
def test_type_optional(self):
A = Optional[Type[BaseException]]
def foo(a: A) -> Optional[BaseException]:
if a is None:
return None
else:
return a()
assert isinstance(foo(KeyboardInterrupt), KeyboardInterrupt)
assert foo(None) is None
class TestModules(TestCase):
func_names = ['_idfunc']
def test_py_functions(self):
for fname in self.func_names:
self.assertEqual(getattr(py_typing, fname).__module__, 'typing')
@skipUnless(c_typing, 'requires _typing')
def test_c_functions(self):
for fname in self.func_names:
self.assertEqual(getattr(c_typing, fname).__module__, '_typing')
class NewTypeTests:
def cleanup(self):
for f in self.module._cleanups:
f()
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
sys.modules['typing'] = cls.module
global UserId
UserId = cls.module.NewType('UserId', int)
cls.UserName = cls.module.NewType(cls.__qualname__ + '.UserName', str)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
global UserId
del UserId
del cls.UserName
sys.modules['typing'] = typing
def tearDown(self):
self.cleanup()
def test_basic(self):
self.assertIsInstance(UserId(5), int)
self.assertIsInstance(self.UserName('Joe'), str)
self.assertEqual(UserId(5) + 1, 6)
def test_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(UserId, int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class D(UserId):
pass
def test_or(self):
for cls in (int, self.UserName):
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
self.assertEqual(UserId | cls, self.module.Union[UserId, cls])
self.assertEqual(cls | UserId, self.module.Union[cls, UserId])
self.assertEqual(self.module.get_args(UserId | cls), (UserId, cls))
self.assertEqual(self.module.get_args(cls | UserId), (cls, UserId))
def test_special_attrs(self):
self.assertEqual(UserId.__name__, 'UserId')
self.assertEqual(UserId.__qualname__, 'UserId')
self.assertEqual(UserId.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(UserId.__supertype__, int)
UserName = self.UserName
self.assertEqual(UserName.__name__, 'UserName')
self.assertEqual(UserName.__qualname__,
self.__class__.__qualname__ + '.UserName')
self.assertEqual(UserName.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(UserName.__supertype__, str)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(UserId), f'{__name__}.UserId')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.UserName),
f'{__name__}.{self.__class__.__qualname__}.UserName')
def test_pickle(self):
UserAge = self.module.NewType('UserAge', float)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(proto=proto):
pickled = pickle.dumps(UserId, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertIs(loaded, UserId)
pickled = pickle.dumps(self.UserName, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertIs(loaded, self.UserName)
with self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError):
pickle.dumps(UserAge, proto)
def test_missing__name__(self):
code = ("import typing\n"
"NT = typing.NewType('NT', int)\n"
)
exec(code, {})
class NewTypePythonTests(NewTypeTests, BaseTestCase):
module = py_typing
@skipUnless(c_typing, 'requires _typing')
class NewTypeCTests(NewTypeTests, BaseTestCase):
module = c_typing
class NamedTupleTests(BaseTestCase):
class NestedEmployee(NamedTuple):
name: str
cool: int
def test_basics(self):
Emp = NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, tuple)
joe = Emp('Joe', 42)
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
self.assertIsInstance(joe, Emp)
self.assertIsInstance(joe, tuple)
self.assertEqual(joe.name, 'Joe')
self.assertEqual(joe.id, 42)
self.assertEqual(jim.name, 'Jim')
self.assertEqual(jim.id, 1)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
self.assertEqual(Emp._fields, ('name', 'id'))
self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__,
collections.OrderedDict([('name', str), ('id', int)]))
def test_annotation_usage(self):
tim = CoolEmployee('Tim', 9000)
self.assertIsInstance(tim, CoolEmployee)
self.assertIsInstance(tim, tuple)
self.assertEqual(tim.name, 'Tim')
self.assertEqual(tim.cool, 9000)
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee.__name__, 'CoolEmployee')
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee._fields, ('name', 'cool'))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployee.__annotations__,
collections.OrderedDict(name=str, cool=int))
def test_annotation_usage_with_default(self):
jelle = CoolEmployeeWithDefault('Jelle')
self.assertIsInstance(jelle, CoolEmployeeWithDefault)
self.assertIsInstance(jelle, tuple)
self.assertEqual(jelle.name, 'Jelle')
self.assertEqual(jelle.cool, 0)
cooler_employee = CoolEmployeeWithDefault('Sjoerd', 1)
self.assertEqual(cooler_employee.cool, 1)
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault.__name__, 'CoolEmployeeWithDefault')
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault._fields, ('name', 'cool'))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault.__annotations__,
dict(name=str, cool=int))
self.assertEqual(CoolEmployeeWithDefault._field_defaults, dict(cool=0))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class NonDefaultAfterDefault(NamedTuple):
x: int = 3
y: int
def test_annotation_usage_with_methods(self):
self.assertEqual(XMeth(1).double(), 2)
self.assertEqual(XMeth(42).x, XMeth(42)[0])
self.assertEqual(str(XRepr(42)), '42 -> 1')
self.assertEqual(XRepr(1, 2) + XRepr(3), 0)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
class XMethBad(NamedTuple):
x: int
def _fields(self):
return 'no chance for this'
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
class XMethBad2(NamedTuple):
x: int
def _source(self):
return 'no chance for this as well'
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class A:
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class X(NamedTuple, A):
x: int
def test_namedtuple_keyword_usage(self):
LocalEmployee = NamedTuple("LocalEmployee", name=str, age=int)
nick = LocalEmployee('Nick', 25)
self.assertIsInstance(nick, tuple)
self.assertEqual(nick.name, 'Nick')
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee.__name__, 'LocalEmployee')
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee._fields, ('name', 'age'))
self.assertEqual(LocalEmployee.__annotations__, dict(name=str, age=int))
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple('Name', [('x', int)], y=str)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple('Name', x=1, y='a')
def test_namedtuple_special_keyword_names(self):
NT = NamedTuple("NT", cls=type, self=object, typename=str, fields=list)
self.assertEqual(NT.__name__, 'NT')
self.assertEqual(NT._fields, ('cls', 'self', 'typename', 'fields'))
a = NT(cls=str, self=42, typename='foo', fields=[('bar', tuple)])
self.assertEqual(a.cls, str)
self.assertEqual(a.self, 42)
self.assertEqual(a.typename, 'foo')
self.assertEqual(a.fields, [('bar', tuple)])
def test_empty_namedtuple(self):
NT = NamedTuple('NT')
class CNT(NamedTuple):
pass # empty body
for struct in [NT, CNT]:
with self.subTest(struct=struct):
self.assertEqual(struct._fields, ())
self.assertEqual(struct._field_defaults, {})
self.assertEqual(struct.__annotations__, {})
self.assertIsInstance(struct(), struct)
def test_namedtuple_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple.__new__()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str)], None)
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
NamedTuple('Emp', [('_name', str)])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple(typename='Emp', name=str, id=int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
NamedTuple('Emp', fields=[('name', str), ('id', int)])
def test_copy_and_pickle(self):
global Emp # pickle wants to reference the class by name
Emp = NamedTuple('Emp', [('name', str), ('cool', int)])
for cls in Emp, CoolEmployee, self.NestedEmployee:
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
jane = cls('jane', 37)
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(jane, proto)
jane2 = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
jane2 = copy(jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
jane2 = deepcopy(jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertIsInstance(jane2, cls)
class TypedDictTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics_functional_syntax(self):
Emp = TypedDict('Emp', {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, dict)
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Emp, collections.abc.Sequence)
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
self.assertIs(type(jim), dict)
self.assertEqual(jim['name'], 'Jim')
self.assertEqual(jim['id'], 1)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
self.assertEqual(Emp.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__bases__, (dict,))
self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__, {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(Emp.__total__, True)
def test_basics_keywords_syntax(self):
Emp = TypedDict('Emp', name=str, id=int)
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, dict)
self.assertIsSubclass(Emp, typing.MutableMapping)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(Emp, collections.abc.Sequence)
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
self.assertIs(type(jim), dict)
self.assertEqual(jim['name'], 'Jim')
self.assertEqual(jim['id'], 1)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__name__, 'Emp')
self.assertEqual(Emp.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(Emp.__bases__, (dict,))
self.assertEqual(Emp.__annotations__, {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(Emp.__total__, True)
def test_typeddict_special_keyword_names(self):
TD = TypedDict("TD", cls=type, self=object, typename=str, _typename=int, fields=list, _fields=dict)
self.assertEqual(TD.__name__, 'TD')
self.assertEqual(TD.__annotations__, {'cls': type, 'self': object, 'typename': str, '_typename': int, 'fields': list, '_fields': dict})
a = TD(cls=str, self=42, typename='foo', _typename=53, fields=[('bar', tuple)], _fields={'baz', set})
self.assertEqual(a['cls'], str)
self.assertEqual(a['self'], 42)
self.assertEqual(a['typename'], 'foo')
self.assertEqual(a['_typename'], 53)
self.assertEqual(a['fields'], [('bar', tuple)])
self.assertEqual(a['_fields'], {'baz', set})
def test_typeddict_create_errors(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict.__new__()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Emp', [('name', str)], None)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict(_typename='Emp', name=str, id=int)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Emp', _fields={'name': str, 'id': int})
def test_typeddict_errors(self):
Emp = TypedDict('Emp', {'name': str, 'id': int})
self.assertEqual(TypedDict.__module__, 'typing')
jim = Emp(name='Jim', id=1)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance({}, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(jim, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(dict, Emp)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Hi', x=1)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Hi', [('x', int), ('y', 1)])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypedDict('Hi', [('x', int)], y=int)
def test_py36_class_syntax_usage(self):
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__name__, 'LabelPoint2D')
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__module__, __name__)
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__annotations__, {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__bases__, (dict,))
self.assertEqual(LabelPoint2D.__total__, True)
self.assertNotIsSubclass(LabelPoint2D, typing.Sequence)
not_origin = Point2D(x=0, y=1)
self.assertEqual(not_origin['x'], 0)
self.assertEqual(not_origin['y'], 1)
other = LabelPoint2D(x=0, y=1, label='hi')
self.assertEqual(other['label'], 'hi')
def test_pickle(self):
global EmpD # pickle wants to reference the class by name
EmpD = TypedDict('EmpD', name=str, id=int)
jane = EmpD({'name': 'jane', 'id': 37})
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(jane, proto)
jane2 = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(jane2, jane)
self.assertEqual(jane2, {'name': 'jane', 'id': 37})
ZZ = pickle.dumps(EmpD, proto)
EmpDnew = pickle.loads(ZZ)
self.assertEqual(EmpDnew({'name': 'jane', 'id': 37}), jane)
def test_optional(self):
EmpD = TypedDict('EmpD', name=str, id=int)
self.assertEqual(typing.Optional[EmpD], typing.Union[None, EmpD])
self.assertNotEqual(typing.List[EmpD], typing.Tuple[EmpD])
def test_total(self):
D = TypedDict('D', {'x': int}, total=False)
self.assertEqual(D(), {})
self.assertEqual(D(x=1), {'x': 1})
self.assertEqual(D.__total__, False)
self.assertEqual(D.__required_keys__, frozenset())
self.assertEqual(D.__optional_keys__, {'x'})
self.assertEqual(Options(), {})
self.assertEqual(Options(log_level=2), {'log_level': 2})
self.assertEqual(Options.__total__, False)
self.assertEqual(Options.__required_keys__, frozenset())
self.assertEqual(Options.__optional_keys__, {'log_level', 'log_path'})
def test_optional_keys(self):
class Point2Dor3D(Point2D, total=False):
z: int
assert Point2Dor3D.__required_keys__ == frozenset(['x', 'y'])
assert Point2Dor3D.__optional_keys__ == frozenset(['z'])
def test_keys_inheritance(self):
class BaseAnimal(TypedDict):
name: str
class Animal(BaseAnimal, total=False):
voice: str
tail: bool
class Cat(Animal):
fur_color: str
assert BaseAnimal.__required_keys__ == frozenset(['name'])
assert BaseAnimal.__optional_keys__ == frozenset([])
assert BaseAnimal.__annotations__ == {'name': str}
assert Animal.__required_keys__ == frozenset(['name'])
assert Animal.__optional_keys__ == frozenset(['tail', 'voice'])
assert Animal.__annotations__ == {
'name': str,
'tail': bool,
'voice': str,
}
assert Cat.__required_keys__ == frozenset(['name', 'fur_color'])
assert Cat.__optional_keys__ == frozenset(['tail', 'voice'])
assert Cat.__annotations__ == {
'fur_color': str,
'name': str,
'tail': bool,
'voice': str,
}
def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
class One(TypedDict):
one: int
class Two(TypedDict):
two: str
class Untotal(TypedDict, total=False):
untotal: str
Inline = TypedDict('Inline', {'inline': bool})
class Regular:
pass
class Child(One, Two):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
Child.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one', 'two', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
Child.__optional_keys__,
frozenset([]),
)
self.assertEqual(
Child.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'two': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithOptional(One, Untotal):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithOptional.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithTotalFalse(One, Untotal, total=False):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['one']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithTotalFalse.__annotations__,
{'one': int, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
class ChildWithInlineAndOptional(Untotal, Inline):
child: bool
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__required_keys__,
frozenset(['inline', 'child']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__optional_keys__,
frozenset(['untotal']),
)
self.assertEqual(
ChildWithInlineAndOptional.__annotations__,
{'inline': bool, 'untotal': str, 'child': bool},
)
wrong_bases = [
(One, Regular),
(Regular, One),
(One, Two, Regular),
(Inline, Regular),
(Untotal, Regular),
]
for bases in wrong_bases:
with self.subTest(bases=bases):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(
TypeError,
'cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type and a non-TypedDict',
):
class Wrong(*bases):
pass
def test_is_typeddict(self):
assert is_typeddict(Point2D) is True
assert is_typeddict(Union[str, int]) is False
# classes, not instances
assert is_typeddict(Point2D()) is False
def test_get_type_hints(self):
self.assertEqual(
get_type_hints(Bar),
{'a': typing.Optional[int], 'b': int}
)
class IOTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_io(self):
def stuff(a: IO) -> AnyStr:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, (AnyStr,))
def test_textio(self):
def stuff(a: TextIO) -> str:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, ())
def test_binaryio(self):
def stuff(a: BinaryIO) -> bytes:
return a.readline()
a = stuff.__annotations__['a']
self.assertEqual(a.__parameters__, ())
def test_io_submodule(self):
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
warnings.filterwarnings("default", category=DeprecationWarning)
from typing.io import IO, TextIO, BinaryIO, __all__, __name__
self.assertIs(IO, typing.IO)
self.assertIs(TextIO, typing.TextIO)
self.assertIs(BinaryIO, typing.BinaryIO)
self.assertEqual(set(__all__), set(['IO', 'TextIO', 'BinaryIO']))
self.assertEqual(__name__, 'typing.io')
self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
class RETests(BaseTestCase):
# Much of this is really testing _TypeAlias.
def test_basics(self):
pat = re.compile('[a-z]+', re.I)
self.assertIsSubclass(pat.__class__, Pattern)
self.assertIsSubclass(type(pat), Pattern)
self.assertIsInstance(pat, Pattern)
mat = pat.search('12345abcde.....')
self.assertIsSubclass(mat.__class__, Match)
self.assertIsSubclass(type(mat), Match)
self.assertIsInstance(mat, Match)
# these should just work
Pattern[Union[str, bytes]]
Match[Union[bytes, str]]
def test_alias_equality(self):
self.assertEqual(Pattern[str], Pattern[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], Pattern[bytes])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], Match[str])
self.assertNotEqual(Pattern[str], str)
def test_errors(self):
m = Match[Union[str, bytes]]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
m[str]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# We don't support isinstance().
isinstance(42, Pattern[str])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
# We don't support issubclass().
issubclass(Pattern[bytes], Pattern[str])
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern), 'typing.Pattern')
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern[str]), 'typing.Pattern[str]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Pattern[bytes]), 'typing.Pattern[bytes]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match), 'typing.Match')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match[str]), 'typing.Match[str]')
self.assertEqual(repr(Match[bytes]), 'typing.Match[bytes]')
def test_re_submodule(self):
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
warnings.filterwarnings("default", category=DeprecationWarning)
from typing.re import Match, Pattern, __all__, __name__
self.assertIs(Match, typing.Match)
self.assertIs(Pattern, typing.Pattern)
self.assertEqual(set(__all__), set(['Match', 'Pattern']))
self.assertEqual(__name__, 'typing.re')
self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ex:
class A(typing.Match):
pass
self.assertEqual(str(ex.exception),
"type 're.Match' is not an acceptable base type")
class AnnotatedTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(
repr(Annotated[int, 4, 5]),
"typing.Annotated[int, 4, 5]"
)
self.assertEqual(
repr(Annotated[List[int], 4, 5]),
"typing.Annotated[typing.List[int], 4, 5]"
)
def test_flatten(self):
A = Annotated[Annotated[int, 4], 5]
self.assertEqual(A, Annotated[int, 4, 5])
self.assertEqual(A.__metadata__, (4, 5))
self.assertEqual(A.__origin__, int)
def test_specialize(self):
L = Annotated[List[T], "my decoration"]
LI = Annotated[List[int], "my decoration"]
self.assertEqual(L[int], Annotated[List[int], "my decoration"])
self.assertEqual(L[int].__metadata__, ("my decoration",))
self.assertEqual(L[int].__origin__, List[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LI[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
L[int, float]
def test_hash_eq(self):
self.assertEqual(len({Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5]}), 1)
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 5, 4])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[str, 4, 5])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4], Annotated[int, 4, 4])
self.assertEqual(
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]},
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]}
)
def test_instantiate(self):
class C:
classvar = 4
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, C):
return NotImplemented
return other.x == self.x
A = Annotated[C, "a decoration"]
a = A(5)
c = C(5)
self.assertEqual(a, c)
self.assertEqual(a.x, c.x)
self.assertEqual(a.classvar, c.classvar)
def test_instantiate_generic(self):
MyCount = Annotated[typing.Counter[T], "my decoration"]
self.assertEqual(MyCount([4, 4, 5]), {4: 2, 5: 1})
self.assertEqual(MyCount[int]([4, 4, 5]), {4: 2, 5: 1})
def test_cannot_instantiate_forward(self):
A = Annotated["int", (5, 6)]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A(5)
def test_cannot_instantiate_type_var(self):
A = Annotated[T, (5, 6)]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
A(5)
def test_cannot_getattr_typevar(self):
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
Annotated[T, (5, 7)].x
def test_attr_passthrough(self):
class C:
classvar = 4
A = Annotated[C, "a decoration"]
self.assertEqual(A.classvar, 4)
A.x = 5
self.assertEqual(C.x, 5)
def test_special_form_containment(self):
class C:
classvar: Annotated[ClassVar[int], "a decoration"] = 4
const: Annotated[Final[int], "Const"] = 4
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['classvar'], ClassVar[int])
self.assertEqual(get_type_hints(C, globals())['const'], Final[int])
def test_hash_eq(self):
self.assertEqual(len({Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5]}), 1)
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 5, 4])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[str, 4, 5])
self.assertNotEqual(Annotated[int, 4], Annotated[int, 4, 4])
self.assertEqual(
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]},
{Annotated[int, 4, 5], Annotated[T, 4, 5]}
)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot subclass .*Annotated"):
class C(Annotated):
pass
def test_cannot_check_instance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(5, Annotated[int, "positive"])
def test_cannot_check_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, Annotated[int, "positive"])
def test_too_few_type_args(self):
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'at least two arguments'):
Annotated[int]
def test_pickle(self):
samples = [typing.Any, typing.Union[int, str],
typing.Optional[str], Tuple[int, ...],
typing.Callable[[str], bytes]]
for t in samples:
x = Annotated[t, "a"]
for prot in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.subTest(protocol=prot, type=t):
pickled = pickle.dumps(x, prot)
restored = pickle.loads(pickled)
self.assertEqual(x, restored)
global _Annotated_test_G
class _Annotated_test_G(Generic[T]):
x = 1
G = Annotated[_Annotated_test_G[int], "A decoration"]
G.foo = 42
G.bar = 'abc'
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
z = pickle.dumps(G, proto)
x = pickle.loads(z)
self.assertEqual(x.foo, 42)
self.assertEqual(x.bar, 'abc')
self.assertEqual(x.x, 1)
def test_subst(self):
dec = "a decoration"
dec2 = "another decoration"
S = Annotated[T, dec2]
self.assertEqual(S[int], Annotated[int, dec2])
self.assertEqual(S[Annotated[int, dec]], Annotated[int, dec, dec2])
L = Annotated[List[T], dec]
self.assertEqual(L[int], Annotated[List[int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
L[int, int]
self.assertEqual(S[L[int]], Annotated[List[int], dec, dec2])
D = Annotated[typing.Dict[KT, VT], dec]
self.assertEqual(D[str, int], Annotated[typing.Dict[str, int], dec])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
D[int]
It = Annotated[int, dec]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
It[None]
LI = L[int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
LI[None]
def test_annotated_in_other_types(self):
X = List[Annotated[T, 5]]
self.assertEqual(X[int], List[Annotated[int, 5]])
def test_annotated_mro(self):
class X(Annotated[int, (1, 10)]): ...
self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (X, int, object),
"Annotated should be transparent.")
class TypeAliasTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_canonical_usage_with_variable_annotation(self):
Alias: TypeAlias = Employee
def test_canonical_usage_with_type_comment(self):
Alias = Employee # type: TypeAlias
def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeAlias()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(42, TypeAlias)
def test_no_issubclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(Employee, TypeAlias)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(TypeAlias, Employee)
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(TypeAlias):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(TypeAlias)):
pass
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(TypeAlias), 'typing.TypeAlias')
def test_cannot_subscript(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeAlias[int]
class ParamSpecTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basic_plain(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
self.assertEqual(P, P)
self.assertIsInstance(P, ParamSpec)
def test_valid_uses(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
C1 = Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, (P, int))
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P,))
C2 = Callable[P, T]
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (P, T))
# Test collections.abc.Callable too.
C3 = collections.abc.Callable[P, int]
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, (P, int))
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (P,))
C4 = collections.abc.Callable[P, T]
self.assertEqual(C4.__args__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(C4.__parameters__, (P, T))
def test_args_kwargs(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
self.assertIn('args', dir(P))
self.assertIn('kwargs', dir(P))
self.assertIsInstance(P.args, ParamSpecArgs)
self.assertIsInstance(P.kwargs, ParamSpecKwargs)
self.assertIs(P.args.__origin__, P)
self.assertIs(P.kwargs.__origin__, P)
self.assertEqual(repr(P.args), "P.args")
self.assertEqual(repr(P.kwargs), "P.kwargs")
def test_user_generics(self):
T = TypeVar("T")
P = ParamSpec("P")
P_2 = ParamSpec("P_2")
class X(Generic[T, P]):
f: Callable[P, int]
x: T
G1 = X[int, P_2]
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, (int, P_2))
self.assertEqual(G1.__parameters__, (P_2,))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "few arguments for"):
X[int]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
X[int, P_2, str]
G2 = X[int, Concatenate[int, P_2]]
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, (int, Concatenate[int, P_2]))
self.assertEqual(G2.__parameters__, (P_2,))
G3 = X[int, [int, bool]]
self.assertEqual(G3.__args__, (int, (int, bool)))
self.assertEqual(G3.__parameters__, ())
G4 = X[int, ...]
self.assertEqual(G4.__args__, (int, Ellipsis))
self.assertEqual(G4.__parameters__, ())
class Z(Generic[P]):
f: Callable[P, int]
G5 = Z[[int, str, bool]]
self.assertEqual(G5.__args__, ((int, str, bool),))
self.assertEqual(G5.__parameters__, ())
G6 = Z[int, str, bool]
self.assertEqual(G6.__args__, ((int, str, bool),))
self.assertEqual(G6.__parameters__, ())
# G5 and G6 should be equivalent according to the PEP
self.assertEqual(G5.__args__, G6.__args__)
self.assertEqual(G5.__origin__, G6.__origin__)
self.assertEqual(G5.__parameters__, G6.__parameters__)
self.assertEqual(G5, G6)
G7 = Z[int]
self.assertEqual(G7.__args__, ((int,),))
self.assertEqual(G7.__parameters__, ())
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
Z[[int, str], bool]
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "many arguments for"):
Z[P_2, bool]
def test_multiple_paramspecs_in_user_generics(self):
P = ParamSpec("P")
P2 = ParamSpec("P2")
class X(Generic[P, P2]):
f: Callable[P, int]
g: Callable[P2, str]
G1 = X[[int, str], [bytes]]
G2 = X[[int], [str, bytes]]
self.assertNotEqual(G1, G2)
self.assertEqual(G1.__args__, ((int, str), (bytes,)))
self.assertEqual(G2.__args__, ((int,), (str, bytes)))
def test_no_paramspec_in__parameters__(self):
# ParamSpec should not be found in __parameters__
# of generics. Usages outside Callable, Concatenate
# and Generic are invalid.
T = TypeVar("T")
P = ParamSpec("P")
self.assertNotIn(P, List[P].__parameters__)
self.assertIn(T, Tuple[T, P].__parameters__)
# Test for consistency with builtin generics.
self.assertNotIn(P, list[P].__parameters__)
self.assertIn(T, tuple[T, P].__parameters__)
self.assertNotIn(P, (list[P] | int).__parameters__)
self.assertIn(T, (tuple[T, P] | int).__parameters__)
def test_paramspec_in_nested_generics(self):
# Although ParamSpec should not be found in __parameters__ of most
# generics, they probably should be found when nested in
# a valid location.
T = TypeVar("T")
P = ParamSpec("P")
C1 = Callable[P, T]
G1 = List[C1]
G2 = list[C1]
G3 = list[C1] | int
self.assertEqual(G1.__parameters__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(G2.__parameters__, (P, T))
self.assertEqual(G3.__parameters__, (P, T))
class ConcatenateTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
class MyClass: ...
c = Concatenate[MyClass, P]
self.assertNotEqual(c, Concatenate)
def test_valid_uses(self):
P = ParamSpec('P')
T = TypeVar('T')
C1 = Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(C1.__args__, (Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(C1.__parameters__, (P,))
C2 = Callable[Concatenate[int, T, P], T]
self.assertEqual(C2.__args__, (Concatenate[int, T, P], T))
self.assertEqual(C2.__parameters__, (T, P))
# Test collections.abc.Callable too.
C3 = collections.abc.Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
self.assertEqual(C3.__args__, (Concatenate[int, P], int))
self.assertEqual(C3.__parameters__, (P,))
C4 = collections.abc.Callable[Concatenate[int, T, P], T]
self.assertEqual(C4.__args__, (Concatenate[int, T, P], T))
self.assertEqual(C4.__parameters__, (T, P))
class TypeGuardTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_basics(self):
TypeGuard[int] # OK
def foo(arg) -> TypeGuard[int]: ...
self.assertEqual(gth(foo), {'return': TypeGuard[int]})
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(TypeGuard), 'typing.TypeGuard')
cv = TypeGuard[int]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[int]')
cv = TypeGuard[Employee]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[%s.Employee]' % __name__)
cv = TypeGuard[tuple[int]]
self.assertEqual(repr(cv), 'typing.TypeGuard[tuple[int]]')
def test_cannot_subclass(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(TypeGuard)):
pass
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
class C(type(TypeGuard[int])):
pass
def test_cannot_init(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
TypeGuard()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(TypeGuard)()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
type(TypeGuard[Optional[int]])()
def test_no_isinstance(self):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, TypeGuard[int])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, TypeGuard)
SpecialAttrsP = typing.ParamSpec('SpecialAttrsP')
SpecialAttrsT = typing.TypeVar('SpecialAttrsT', int, float, complex)
class SpecialAttrsTests(BaseTestCase):
def test_special_attrs(self):
cls_to_check = {
# ABC classes
typing.AbstractSet: 'AbstractSet',
typing.AsyncContextManager: 'AsyncContextManager',
typing.AsyncGenerator: 'AsyncGenerator',
typing.AsyncIterable: 'AsyncIterable',
typing.AsyncIterator: 'AsyncIterator',
typing.Awaitable: 'Awaitable',
typing.ByteString: 'ByteString',
typing.Callable: 'Callable',
typing.ChainMap: 'ChainMap',
typing.Collection: 'Collection',
typing.Container: 'Container',
typing.ContextManager: 'ContextManager',
typing.Coroutine: 'Coroutine',
typing.Counter: 'Counter',
typing.DefaultDict: 'DefaultDict',
typing.Deque: 'Deque',
typing.Dict: 'Dict',
typing.FrozenSet: 'FrozenSet',
typing.Generator: 'Generator',
typing.Hashable: 'Hashable',
typing.ItemsView: 'ItemsView',
typing.Iterable: 'Iterable',
typing.Iterator: 'Iterator',
typing.KeysView: 'KeysView',
typing.List: 'List',
typing.Mapping: 'Mapping',
typing.MappingView: 'MappingView',
typing.MutableMapping: 'MutableMapping',
typing.MutableSequence: 'MutableSequence',
typing.MutableSet: 'MutableSet',
typing.OrderedDict: 'OrderedDict',
typing.Reversible: 'Reversible',
typing.Sequence: 'Sequence',
typing.Set: 'Set',
typing.Sized: 'Sized',
typing.Tuple: 'Tuple',
typing.Type: 'Type',
typing.ValuesView: 'ValuesView',
# Subscribed ABC classes
typing.AbstractSet[Any]: 'AbstractSet',
typing.AsyncContextManager[Any]: 'AsyncContextManager',
typing.AsyncGenerator[Any, Any]: 'AsyncGenerator',
typing.AsyncIterable[Any]: 'AsyncIterable',
typing.AsyncIterator[Any]: 'AsyncIterator',
typing.Awaitable[Any]: 'Awaitable',
typing.Callable[[], Any]: 'Callable',
typing.Callable[..., Any]: 'Callable',
typing.ChainMap[Any, Any]: 'ChainMap',
typing.Collection[Any]: 'Collection',
typing.Container[Any]: 'Container',
typing.ContextManager[Any]: 'ContextManager',
typing.Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]: 'Coroutine',
typing.Counter[Any]: 'Counter',
typing.DefaultDict[Any, Any]: 'DefaultDict',
typing.Deque[Any]: 'Deque',
typing.Dict[Any, Any]: 'Dict',
typing.FrozenSet[Any]: 'FrozenSet',
typing.Generator[Any, Any, Any]: 'Generator',
typing.ItemsView[Any, Any]: 'ItemsView',
typing.Iterable[Any]: 'Iterable',
typing.Iterator[Any]: 'Iterator',
typing.KeysView[Any]: 'KeysView',
typing.List[Any]: 'List',
typing.Mapping[Any, Any]: 'Mapping',
typing.MappingView[Any]: 'MappingView',
typing.MutableMapping[Any, Any]: 'MutableMapping',
typing.MutableSequence[Any]: 'MutableSequence',
typing.MutableSet[Any]: 'MutableSet',
typing.OrderedDict[Any, Any]: 'OrderedDict',
typing.Reversible[Any]: 'Reversible',
typing.Sequence[Any]: 'Sequence',
typing.Set[Any]: 'Set',
typing.Tuple[Any]: 'Tuple',
typing.Tuple[Any, ...]: 'Tuple',
typing.Type[Any]: 'Type',
typing.ValuesView[Any]: 'ValuesView',
# Special Forms
typing.Annotated: 'Annotated',
typing.Any: 'Any',
typing.ClassVar: 'ClassVar',
typing.Concatenate: 'Concatenate',
typing.Final: 'Final',
typing.ForwardRef: 'ForwardRef',
typing.Literal: 'Literal',
typing.NewType: 'NewType',
typing.NoReturn: 'NoReturn',
typing.Optional: 'Optional',
typing.TypeAlias: 'TypeAlias',
typing.TypeGuard: 'TypeGuard',
typing.TypeVar: 'TypeVar',
typing.Union: 'Union',
# Subscribed special forms
typing.Annotated[Any, "Annotation"]: 'Annotated',
typing.ClassVar[Any]: 'ClassVar',
typing.Concatenate[Any, SpecialAttrsP]: 'Concatenate',
typing.Final[Any]: 'Final',
typing.Literal[Any]: 'Literal',
typing.Literal[1, 2]: 'Literal',
typing.Literal[True, 2]: 'Literal',
typing.Optional[Any]: 'Optional',
typing.TypeGuard[Any]: 'TypeGuard',
typing.Union[Any]: 'Any',
typing.Union[int, float]: 'Union',
# Incompatible special forms (tested in test_special_attrs2)
# - typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
# - typing.NewType('TypeName', Any)
# - typing.ParamSpec('SpecialAttrsP')
# - typing.TypeVar('T')
}
for cls, name in cls_to_check.items():
with self.subTest(cls=cls):
self.assertEqual(cls.__name__, name, str(cls))
self.assertEqual(cls.__qualname__, name, str(cls))
self.assertEqual(cls.__module__, 'typing', str(cls))
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(cls, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(cls, loaded)
TypeName = typing.NewType('SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName', Any)
def test_special_attrs2(self):
# Forward refs provide a different introspection API. __name__ and
# __qualname__ make little sense for forward refs as they can store
# complex typing expressions.
fr = typing.ForwardRef('set[Any]')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__name__'))
self.assertFalse(hasattr(fr, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(fr.__module__, 'typing')
# Forward refs are currently unpicklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
pickle.dumps(fr, proto)
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__name__, 'TypeName')
self.assertEqual(
SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__qualname__,
'SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName',
)
self.assertEqual(
SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName.__module__,
__name__,
)
# NewTypes are picklable assuming correct qualname information.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsTests.TypeName, loaded)
# Type variables don't support non-global instantiation per PEP 484
# restriction that "The argument to TypeVar() must be a string equal
# to the variable name to which it is assigned". Thus, providing
# __qualname__ is unnecessary.
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsT.__name__, 'SpecialAttrsT')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(SpecialAttrsT, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsT.__module__, __name__)
# Module-level type variables are picklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsT, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsT, loaded)
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsP.__name__, 'SpecialAttrsP')
self.assertFalse(hasattr(SpecialAttrsP, '__qualname__'))
self.assertEqual(SpecialAttrsP.__module__, __name__)
# Module-level ParamSpecs are picklable.
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(SpecialAttrsP, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertIs(SpecialAttrsP, loaded)
def test_genericalias_dir(self):
class Foo(Generic[T]):
def bar(self):
pass
baz = 3
# The class attributes of the original class should be visible even
# in dir() of the GenericAlias. See bpo-45755.
self.assertIn('bar', dir(Foo[int]))
self.assertIn('baz', dir(Foo[int]))
class AllTests(BaseTestCase):
"""Tests for __all__."""
def test_all(self):
from typing import __all__ as a
# Just spot-check the first and last of every category.
self.assertIn('AbstractSet', a)
self.assertIn('ValuesView', a)
self.assertIn('cast', a)
self.assertIn('overload', a)
# Context managers.
self.assertIn('ContextManager', a)
self.assertIn('AsyncContextManager', a)
# Check that io and re are not exported.
self.assertNotIn('io', a)
self.assertNotIn('re', a)
# Spot-check that stdlib modules aren't exported.
self.assertNotIn('os', a)
self.assertNotIn('sys', a)
# Check that Text is defined.
self.assertIn('Text', a)
# Check previously missing classes.
self.assertIn('SupportsBytes', a)
self.assertIn('SupportsComplex', a)
def test_all_exported_names(self):
actual_all = set(typing.__all__)
computed_all = {
k for k, v in vars(typing).items()
# explicitly exported, not a thing with __module__
if k in actual_all or (
# avoid private names
not k.startswith('_') and
k not in {'io', 're'} and
# there's a few types and metaclasses that aren't exported
not k.endswith(('Meta', '_contra', '_co')) and
not k.upper() == k and
# but export all things that have __module__ == 'typing'
getattr(v, '__module__', None) == typing.__name__
)
}
self.assertSetEqual(computed_all, actual_all)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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