cpython/Modules/arraymodule.c

/* Array object implementation */

/* An array is a uniform list -- all items have the same type.
   The item type is restricted to simple C types like int or float */

#include "Python.h"

#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
#include <stddef.h>
#else /* !STDC_HEADERS */
#ifndef DONT_HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h>		/* For size_t */
#endif /* DONT_HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H */
#endif /* !STDC_HEADERS */

/* Shamelessy stolen from listobject.c */
static int
roundupsize(int n)
{
	unsigned int nbits = 0;
	unsigned int n2 = (unsigned int)n >> 5;

	/* Round up:
	 * If n <       256, to a multiple of        8.
	 * If n <      2048, to a multiple of       64.
	 * If n <     16384, to a multiple of      512.
	 * If n <    131072, to a multiple of     4096.
	 * If n <   1048576, to a multiple of    32768.
	 * If n <   8388608, to a multiple of   262144.
	 * If n <  67108864, to a multiple of  2097152.
	 * If n < 536870912, to a multiple of 16777216.
	 * ...
	 * If n < 2**(5+3*i), to a multiple of 2**(3*i).
	 *
	 * This over-allocates proportional to the list size, making room
	 * for additional growth.  The over-allocation is mild, but is
	 * enough to give linear-time amortized behavior over a long
	 * sequence of appends() in the presence of a poorly-performing
	 * system realloc() (which is a reality, e.g., across all flavors
	 * of Windows, with Win9x behavior being particularly bad -- and
	 * we've still got address space fragmentation problems on Win9x
	 * even with this scheme, although it requires much longer lists to
	 * provoke them than it used to).
	 */
	do {
		n2 >>= 3;
		nbits += 3;
	} while (n2);
	return ((n >> nbits) + 1) << nbits;
 }

#define NRESIZE(var, type, nitems)				\
do {								\
	size_t _new_size = roundupsize(nitems);			\
	if (_new_size <= ((~(size_t)0) / sizeof(type)))		\
		PyMem_RESIZE(var, type, _new_size);		\
	else							\
		var = NULL;					\
} while (0)
/* END SHAMELESSLY STOLEN CODE */

struct arrayobject; /* Forward */

/* All possible arraydescr values are defined in the vector "descriptors"
 * below.  That's defined later because the appropriate get and set
 * functions aren't visible yet.
 */
struct arraydescr {
	int typecode;
	int itemsize;
	PyObject * (*getitem)(struct arrayobject *, int);
	int (*setitem)(struct arrayobject *, int, PyObject *);
};

typedef struct arrayobject {
	PyObject_HEAD
	int ob_size;
	char *ob_item;
	struct arraydescr *ob_descr;
} arrayobject;

static PyTypeObject Arraytype;

#define array_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &Arraytype)
#define array_CheckExact(op) ((op)->ob_type == &Arraytype)

/****************************************************************************
Get and Set functions for each type.
A Get function takes an arrayobject* and an integer index, returning the
array value at that index wrapped in an appropriate PyObject*.
A Set function takes an arrayobject, integer index, and PyObject*; sets
the array value at that index to the raw C data extracted from the PyObject*,
and returns 0 if successful, else nonzero on failure (PyObject* not of an
appropriate type or value).
Note that the basic Get and Set functions do NOT check that the index is
in bounds; that's the responsibility of the caller.
****************************************************************************/

static PyObject *
c_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(&((char *)ap->ob_item)[i], 1);
}

static int
c_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	char x;
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "c;array item must be char", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		((char *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
b_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	long x = ((char *)ap->ob_item)[i];
	if (x >= 128)
		x -= 256;
	return PyInt_FromLong(x);
}

static int
b_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	short x;
	/* PyArg_Parse's 'b' formatter is for an unsigned char, therefore
	   must use the next size up that is signed ('h') and manually do
	   the overflow checking */
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "h;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	else if (x < -128) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed char is less than minimum");
		return -1;
	}
	else if (x > 127) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed char is greater than maximum");
		return -1;
	}
	if (i >= 0)
		((char *)ap->ob_item)[i] = (char)x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
BB_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	long x = ((unsigned char *)ap->ob_item)[i];
	return PyInt_FromLong(x);
}

static int
BB_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	unsigned char x;
	/* 'B' == unsigned char, maps to PyArg_Parse's 'b' formatter */
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "b;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		((char *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
static PyObject *
u_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyUnicode_FromUnicode(&((Py_UNICODE *) ap->ob_item)[i], 1);
}

static int
u_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	Py_UNICODE *p;
	int len;

	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "u#;array item must be unicode character", &p, &len))
		return -1;
	if (len != 1) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "array item must be unicode character");
		return -1;
	}
	if (i >= 0)
		((Py_UNICODE *)ap->ob_item)[i] = p[0];
	return 0;
}
#endif

static PyObject *
h_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyInt_FromLong((long) ((short *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
h_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	short x;
	/* 'h' == signed short, maps to PyArg_Parse's 'h' formatter */
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "h;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		     ((short *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
HH_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyInt_FromLong((long) ((unsigned short *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
HH_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	int x;
	/* PyArg_Parse's 'h' formatter is for a signed short, therefore
	   must use the next size up and manually do the overflow checking */
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "i;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	else if (x < 0) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned short is less than minimum");
		return -1;
	}
	else if (x > USHRT_MAX) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned short is greater than maximum");
		return -1;
	}
	if (i >= 0)
		((short *)ap->ob_item)[i] = (short)x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
i_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyInt_FromLong((long) ((int *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
i_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	int x;
	/* 'i' == signed int, maps to PyArg_Parse's 'i' formatter */
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "i;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		     ((int *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
II_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(
		(unsigned long) ((unsigned int *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
II_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	unsigned long x;
	if (PyLong_Check(v)) {
		x = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(v);
		if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return -1;
	}
	else {
		long y;
		if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "l;array item must be integer", &y))
			return -1;
		if (y < 0) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"unsigned int is less than minimum");
			return -1;
		}
		x = (unsigned long)y;

	}
	if (x > UINT_MAX) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned int is greater than maximum");
		return -1;
	}

	if (i >= 0)
		((unsigned int *)ap->ob_item)[i] = (unsigned int)x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
l_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyInt_FromLong(((long *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
l_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	long x;
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "l;array item must be integer", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		     ((long *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
LL_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(((unsigned long *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
LL_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	unsigned long x;
	if (PyLong_Check(v)) {
		x = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(v);
		if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return -1;
	}
	else {
		long y;
		if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "l;array item must be integer", &y))
			return -1;
		if (y < 0) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"unsigned long is less than minimum");
			return -1;
		}
		x = (unsigned long)y;

	}
	if (x > ULONG_MAX) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned long is greater than maximum");
		return -1;
	}

	if (i >= 0)
		((unsigned long *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
f_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyFloat_FromDouble((double) ((float *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
f_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	float x;
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "f;array item must be float", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		     ((float *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

static PyObject *
d_getitem(arrayobject *ap, int i)
{
	return PyFloat_FromDouble(((double *)ap->ob_item)[i]);
}

static int
d_setitem(arrayobject *ap, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	double x;
	if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "d;array item must be float", &x))
		return -1;
	if (i >= 0)
		     ((double *)ap->ob_item)[i] = x;
	return 0;
}

/* Description of types */
static struct arraydescr descriptors[] = {
	{'c', sizeof(char), c_getitem, c_setitem},
	{'b', sizeof(char), b_getitem, b_setitem},
	{'B', sizeof(char), BB_getitem, BB_setitem},
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	{'u', sizeof(Py_UNICODE), u_getitem, u_setitem},
#endif
	{'h', sizeof(short), h_getitem, h_setitem},
	{'H', sizeof(short), HH_getitem, HH_setitem},
	{'i', sizeof(int), i_getitem, i_setitem},
	{'I', sizeof(int), II_getitem, II_setitem},
	{'l', sizeof(long), l_getitem, l_setitem},
	{'L', sizeof(long), LL_getitem, LL_setitem},
	{'f', sizeof(float), f_getitem, f_setitem},
	{'d', sizeof(double), d_getitem, d_setitem},
	{'\0', 0, 0, 0} /* Sentinel */
};

/****************************************************************************
Implementations of array object methods.
****************************************************************************/

static PyObject *
newarrayobject(PyTypeObject *type, int size, struct arraydescr *descr)
{
	arrayobject *op;
	size_t nbytes;

	if (size < 0) {
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return NULL;
	}

	nbytes = size * descr->itemsize;
	/* Check for overflow */
	if (nbytes / descr->itemsize != (size_t)size) {
		return PyErr_NoMemory();
	}
	op = (arrayobject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
	if (op == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}
	op->ob_size = size;
	if (size <= 0) {
		op->ob_item = NULL;
	}
	else {
		op->ob_item = PyMem_NEW(char, nbytes);
		if (op->ob_item == NULL) {
			PyObject_Del(op);
			return PyErr_NoMemory();
		}
	}
	op->ob_descr = descr;
	return (PyObject *) op;
}

static PyObject *
getarrayitem(PyObject *op, int i)
{
	register arrayobject *ap;
	assert(array_Check(op));
	ap = (arrayobject *)op;
	assert(i>=0 && i<ap->ob_size);
	return (*ap->ob_descr->getitem)(ap, i);
}

static int
ins1(arrayobject *self, int where, PyObject *v)
{
	char *items;
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return -1;
	}
	if ((*self->ob_descr->setitem)(self, -1, v) < 0)
		return -1;
	items = self->ob_item;
	NRESIZE(items, char, (self->ob_size+1) * self->ob_descr->itemsize);
	if (items == NULL) {
		PyErr_NoMemory();
		return -1;
	}
	if (where < 0) {
		where += self->ob_size;
		if (where < 0)
			where = 0;
	}
	if (where > self->ob_size)
		where = self->ob_size;
	memmove(items + (where+1)*self->ob_descr->itemsize,
		items + where*self->ob_descr->itemsize,
		(self->ob_size-where)*self->ob_descr->itemsize);
	self->ob_item = items;
	self->ob_size++;
	return (*self->ob_descr->setitem)(self, where, v);
}

/* Methods */

static void
array_dealloc(arrayobject *op)
{
	if (op->ob_item != NULL)
		PyMem_DEL(op->ob_item);
	op->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)op);
}

static PyObject *
array_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
{
	arrayobject *va, *wa;
	PyObject *vi = NULL;
	PyObject *wi = NULL;
	int i, k;
	PyObject *res;

	if (!array_Check(v) || !array_Check(w)) {
		Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
		return Py_NotImplemented;
	}

	va = (arrayobject *)v;
	wa = (arrayobject *)w;

	if (va->ob_size != wa->ob_size && (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE)) {
		/* Shortcut: if the lengths differ, the arrays differ */
		if (op == Py_EQ)
			res = Py_False;
		else
			res = Py_True;
		Py_INCREF(res);
		return res;
	}

	/* Search for the first index where items are different */
	k = 1;
	for (i = 0; i < va->ob_size && i < wa->ob_size; i++) {
		vi = getarrayitem(v, i);
		wi = getarrayitem(w, i);
		if (vi == NULL || wi == NULL) {
			Py_XDECREF(vi);
			Py_XDECREF(wi);
			return NULL;
		}
		k = PyObject_RichCompareBool(vi, wi, Py_EQ);
		if (k == 0)
			break; /* Keeping vi and wi alive! */
		Py_DECREF(vi);
		Py_DECREF(wi);
		if (k < 0)
			return NULL;
	}

	if (k) {
		/* No more items to compare -- compare sizes */
		int vs = va->ob_size;
		int ws = wa->ob_size;
		int cmp;
		switch (op) {
		case Py_LT: cmp = vs <  ws; break;
		case Py_LE: cmp = vs <= ws; break;
		case Py_EQ: cmp = vs == ws; break;
		case Py_NE: cmp = vs != ws; break;
		case Py_GT: cmp = vs >  ws; break;
		case Py_GE: cmp = vs >= ws; break;
		default: return NULL; /* cannot happen */
		}
		if (cmp)
			res = Py_True;
		else
			res = Py_False;
		Py_INCREF(res);
		return res;
	}

	/* We have an item that differs.  First, shortcuts for EQ/NE */
	if (op == Py_EQ) {
		Py_INCREF(Py_False);
		res = Py_False;
	}
	else if (op == Py_NE) {
		Py_INCREF(Py_True);
		res = Py_True;
	}
	else {
		/* Compare the final item again using the proper operator */
		res = PyObject_RichCompare(vi, wi, op);
	}
	Py_DECREF(vi);
	Py_DECREF(wi);
	return res;
}

static int
array_length(arrayobject *a)
{
	return a->ob_size;
}

static PyObject *
array_item(arrayobject *a, int i)
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= a->ob_size) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "array index out of range");
		return NULL;
	}
	return getarrayitem((PyObject *)a, i);
}

static PyObject *
array_slice(arrayobject *a, int ilow, int ihigh)
{
	arrayobject *np;
	if (ilow < 0)
		ilow = 0;
	else if (ilow > a->ob_size)
		ilow = a->ob_size;
	if (ihigh < 0)
		ihigh = 0;
	if (ihigh < ilow)
		ihigh = ilow;
	else if (ihigh > a->ob_size)
		ihigh = a->ob_size;
	np = (arrayobject *) newarrayobject(&Arraytype, ihigh - ilow, a->ob_descr);
	if (np == NULL)
		return NULL;
	memcpy(np->ob_item, a->ob_item + ilow * a->ob_descr->itemsize,
	       (ihigh-ilow) * a->ob_descr->itemsize);
	return (PyObject *)np;
}

static PyObject *
array_concat(arrayobject *a, PyObject *bb)
{
	int size;
	arrayobject *np;
	if (!array_Check(bb)) {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
		     "can only append array (not \"%.200s\") to array",
			     bb->ob_type->tp_name);
		return NULL;
	}
#define b ((arrayobject *)bb)
	if (a->ob_descr != b->ob_descr) {
		PyErr_BadArgument();
		return NULL;
	}
	size = a->ob_size + b->ob_size;
	np = (arrayobject *) newarrayobject(&Arraytype, size, a->ob_descr);
	if (np == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}
	memcpy(np->ob_item, a->ob_item, a->ob_size*a->ob_descr->itemsize);
	memcpy(np->ob_item + a->ob_size*a->ob_descr->itemsize,
	       b->ob_item, b->ob_size*b->ob_descr->itemsize);
	return (PyObject *)np;
#undef b
}

static PyObject *
array_repeat(arrayobject *a, int n)
{
	int i;
	int size;
	arrayobject *np;
	char *p;
	int nbytes;
	if (n < 0)
		n = 0;
	size = a->ob_size * n;
	np = (arrayobject *) newarrayobject(&Arraytype, size, a->ob_descr);
	if (np == NULL)
		return NULL;
	p = np->ob_item;
	nbytes = a->ob_size * a->ob_descr->itemsize;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		memcpy(p, a->ob_item, nbytes);
		p += nbytes;
	}
	return (PyObject *) np;
}

static int
array_ass_slice(arrayobject *a, int ilow, int ihigh, PyObject *v)
{
	char *item;
	int n; /* Size of replacement array */
	int d; /* Change in size */
#define b ((arrayobject *)v)
	if (v == NULL)
		n = 0;
	else if (array_Check(v)) {
		n = b->ob_size;
		if (a == b) {
			/* Special case "a[i:j] = a" -- copy b first */
			int ret;
			v = array_slice(b, 0, n);
			ret = array_ass_slice(a, ilow, ihigh, v);
			Py_DECREF(v);
			return ret;
		}
		if (b->ob_descr != a->ob_descr) {
			PyErr_BadArgument();
			return -1;
		}
	}
	else {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
	     "can only assign array (not \"%.200s\") to array slice",
			     v->ob_type->tp_name);
		return -1;
	}
	if (ilow < 0)
		ilow = 0;
	else if (ilow > a->ob_size)
		ilow = a->ob_size;
	if (ihigh < 0)
		ihigh = 0;
	if (ihigh < ilow)
		ihigh = ilow;
	else if (ihigh > a->ob_size)
		ihigh = a->ob_size;
	item = a->ob_item;
	d = n - (ihigh-ilow);
	if (d < 0) { /* Delete -d items */
		memmove(item + (ihigh+d)*a->ob_descr->itemsize,
			item + ihigh*a->ob_descr->itemsize,
			(a->ob_size-ihigh)*a->ob_descr->itemsize);
		a->ob_size += d;
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, char, a->ob_size*a->ob_descr->itemsize);
						/* Can't fail */
		a->ob_item = item;
	}
	else if (d > 0) { /* Insert d items */
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, char,
			     (a->ob_size + d)*a->ob_descr->itemsize);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_NoMemory();
			return -1;
		}
		memmove(item + (ihigh+d)*a->ob_descr->itemsize,
			item + ihigh*a->ob_descr->itemsize,
			(a->ob_size-ihigh)*a->ob_descr->itemsize);
		a->ob_item = item;
		a->ob_size += d;
	}
	if (n > 0)
		memcpy(item + ilow*a->ob_descr->itemsize, b->ob_item,
		       n*b->ob_descr->itemsize);
	return 0;
#undef b
}

static int
array_ass_item(arrayobject *a, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	if (i < 0 || i >= a->ob_size) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
			         "array assignment index out of range");
		return -1;
	}
	if (v == NULL)
		return array_ass_slice(a, i, i+1, v);
	return (*a->ob_descr->setitem)(a, i, v);
}

static int
setarrayitem(PyObject *a, int i, PyObject *v)
{
	assert(array_Check(a));
	return array_ass_item((arrayobject *)a, i, v);
}

static int
array_do_extend(arrayobject *self, PyObject *bb)
{
	int size;

	if (!array_Check(bb)) {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
			"can only extend array with array (not \"%.200s\")",
			bb->ob_type->tp_name);
		return -1;
	}
#define b ((arrayobject *)bb)
	if (self->ob_descr != b->ob_descr) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
			     "can only extend with array of same kind");
		return -1;
	}
	size = self->ob_size + b->ob_size;
        PyMem_RESIZE(self->ob_item, char, size*self->ob_descr->itemsize);
        if (self->ob_item == NULL) {
                PyObject_Del(self);
                PyErr_NoMemory();
		return -1;
        }
	memcpy(self->ob_item + self->ob_size*self->ob_descr->itemsize,
               b->ob_item, b->ob_size*b->ob_descr->itemsize);
        self->ob_size = size;

	return 0;
#undef b
}

static PyObject *
array_inplace_concat(arrayobject *self, PyObject *bb)
{
	if (array_do_extend(self, bb) == -1)
		return NULL;
	Py_INCREF(self);
	return (PyObject *)self;
}

static PyObject *
array_inplace_repeat(arrayobject *self, int n)
{
	char *items, *p;
	int size, i;

	if (self->ob_size > 0) {
		if (n < 0)
			n = 0;
		items = self->ob_item;
		size = self->ob_size * self->ob_descr->itemsize;
		if (n == 0) {
			PyMem_FREE(items);
			self->ob_item = NULL;
			self->ob_size = 0;
		}
		else {
			PyMem_Resize(items, char, n * size);
			if (items == NULL)
				return PyErr_NoMemory();
			p = items;
			for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
				p += size;
				memcpy(p, items, size);
			}
			self->ob_item = items;
			self->ob_size *= n;
		}
	}
	Py_INCREF(self);
	return (PyObject *)self;
}


static PyObject *
ins(arrayobject *self, int where, PyObject *v)
{
	if (ins1(self, where, v) != 0)
		return NULL;
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
array_count(arrayobject *self, PyObject *v)
{
	int count = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < self->ob_size; i++) {
		PyObject *selfi = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self, i);
		int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(selfi, v, Py_EQ);
		Py_DECREF(selfi);
		if (cmp > 0)
			count++;
		else if (cmp < 0)
			return NULL;
	}
	return PyInt_FromLong((long)count);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(count_doc,
"count(x)\n\
\n\
Return number of occurences of x in the array.");

static PyObject *
array_index(arrayobject *self, PyObject *v)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < self->ob_size; i++) {
		PyObject *selfi = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self, i);
		int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(selfi, v, Py_EQ);
		Py_DECREF(selfi);
		if (cmp > 0) {
			return PyInt_FromLong((long)i);
		}
		else if (cmp < 0)
			return NULL;
	}
	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "array.index(x): x not in list");
	return NULL;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(index_doc,
"index(x)\n\
\n\
Return index of first occurence of x in the array.");

static int
array_contains(arrayobject *self, PyObject *v)
{
	int i, cmp;

	for (i = 0, cmp = 0 ; cmp == 0 && i < self->ob_size; i++) {
		PyObject *selfi = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self, i);
		cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(selfi, v, Py_EQ);
		Py_DECREF(selfi);
	}
	return cmp;
}

static PyObject *
array_remove(arrayobject *self, PyObject *v)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < self->ob_size; i++) {
		PyObject *selfi = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self,i);
		int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(selfi, v, Py_EQ);
		Py_DECREF(selfi);
		if (cmp > 0) {
			if (array_ass_slice(self, i, i+1,
					   (PyObject *)NULL) != 0)
				return NULL;
			Py_INCREF(Py_None);
			return Py_None;
		}
		else if (cmp < 0)
			return NULL;
	}
	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "array.remove(x): x not in list");
	return NULL;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(remove_doc,
"remove(x)\n\
\n\
Remove the first occurence of x in the array.");

static PyObject *
array_pop(arrayobject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	int i = -1;
	PyObject *v;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:pop", &i))
		return NULL;
	if (self->ob_size == 0) {
		/* Special-case most common failure cause */
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop from empty array");
		return NULL;
	}
	if (i < 0)
		i += self->ob_size;
	if (i < 0 || i >= self->ob_size) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop index out of range");
		return NULL;
	}
	v = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self,i);
	if (array_ass_slice(self, i, i+1, (PyObject *)NULL) != 0) {
		Py_DECREF(v);
		return NULL;
	}
	return v;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(pop_doc,
"pop([i])\n\
\n\
Return the i-th element and delete it from the array. i defaults to -1.");

static PyObject *
array_extend(arrayobject *self, PyObject *bb)
{
	if (array_do_extend(self, bb) == -1)
		return NULL;
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(extend_doc,
"extend(array)\n\
\n\
 Append array items to the end of the array.");

static PyObject *
array_insert(arrayobject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	int i;
	PyObject *v;
        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iO:insert", &i, &v))
		return NULL;
	return ins(self, i, v);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(insert_doc,
"insert(i,x)\n\
\n\
Insert a new item x into the array before position i.");


static PyObject *
array_buffer_info(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	PyObject* retval = NULL;
	retval = PyTuple_New(2);
	if (!retval)
		return NULL;

	PyTuple_SET_ITEM(retval, 0, PyLong_FromVoidPtr(self->ob_item));
	PyTuple_SET_ITEM(retval, 1, PyInt_FromLong((long)(self->ob_size)));

	return retval;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(buffer_info_doc,
"buffer_info() -> (address, length)\n\
\n\
Return a tuple (address, length) giving the current memory address and\n\
the length in items of the buffer used to hold array's contents\n\
The length should be multiplied by the itemsize attribute to calculate\n\
the buffer length in bytes.");


static PyObject *
array_append(arrayobject *self, PyObject *v)
{
	return ins(self, (int) self->ob_size, v);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(append_doc,
"append(x)\n\
\n\
Append new value x to the end of the array.");


static PyObject *
array_byteswap(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	char *p;
	int i;

	switch (self->ob_descr->itemsize) {
	case 1:
		break;
	case 2:
		for (p = self->ob_item, i = self->ob_size; --i >= 0; p += 2) {
			char p0 = p[0];
			p[0] = p[1];
			p[1] = p0;
		}
		break;
	case 4:
		for (p = self->ob_item, i = self->ob_size; --i >= 0; p += 4) {
			char p0 = p[0];
			char p1 = p[1];
			p[0] = p[3];
			p[1] = p[2];
			p[2] = p1;
			p[3] = p0;
		}
		break;
	case 8:
		for (p = self->ob_item, i = self->ob_size; --i >= 0; p += 8) {
			char p0 = p[0];
			char p1 = p[1];
			char p2 = p[2];
			char p3 = p[3];
			p[0] = p[7];
			p[1] = p[6];
			p[2] = p[5];
			p[3] = p[4];
			p[4] = p3;
			p[5] = p2;
			p[6] = p1;
			p[7] = p0;
		}
		break;
	default:
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			   "don't know how to byteswap this array type");
		return NULL;
	}
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(byteswap_doc,
"byteswap()\n\
\n\
Byteswap all items of the array.  If the items in the array are not 1, 2,\n\
4, or 8 bytes in size, RuntimeError is raised.");

static PyObject *
array_reverse(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	register int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;
	register char *p, *q;
	/* little buffer to hold items while swapping */
	char tmp[256];	/* 8 is probably enough -- but why skimp */
	assert(itemsize <= sizeof(tmp));

	if (self->ob_size > 1) {
		for (p = self->ob_item,
		     q = self->ob_item + (self->ob_size - 1)*itemsize;
		     p < q;
		     p += itemsize, q -= itemsize) {
			/* memory areas guaranteed disjoint, so memcpy
			 * is safe (& memmove may be slower).
			 */
			memcpy(tmp, p, itemsize);
			memcpy(p, q, itemsize);
			memcpy(q, tmp, itemsize);
		}
	}

	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(reverse_doc,
"reverse()\n\
\n\
Reverse the order of the items in the array.");

static PyObject *
array_fromfile(arrayobject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	PyObject *f;
	int n;
	FILE *fp;
        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:fromfile", &f, &n))
		return NULL;
	fp = PyFile_AsFile(f);
	if (fp == NULL) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "arg1 must be open file");
		return NULL;
	}
	if (n > 0) {
		char *item = self->ob_item;
		int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;
		size_t nread;
		int newlength;
		size_t newbytes;
		/* Be careful here about overflow */
		if ((newlength = self->ob_size + n) <= 0 ||
		    (newbytes = newlength * itemsize) / itemsize !=
		    (size_t)newlength)
			goto nomem;
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, char, newbytes);
		if (item == NULL) {
		  nomem:
			PyErr_NoMemory();
			return NULL;
		}
		self->ob_item = item;
		self->ob_size += n;
		nread = fread(item + (self->ob_size - n) * itemsize,
			      itemsize, n, fp);
		if (nread < (size_t)n) {
			self->ob_size -= (n - nread);
			PyMem_RESIZE(item, char, self->ob_size*itemsize);
			self->ob_item = item;
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_EOFError,
				         "not enough items in file");
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(fromfile_doc,
"fromfile(f, n)\n\
\n\
Read n objects from the file object f and append them to the end of the\n\
array.  Also called as read.");


static PyObject *
array_tofile(arrayobject *self, PyObject *f)
{
	FILE *fp;

	fp = PyFile_AsFile(f);
	if (fp == NULL) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "arg must be open file");
		return NULL;
	}
	if (self->ob_size > 0) {
		if (fwrite(self->ob_item, self->ob_descr->itemsize,
			   self->ob_size, fp) != (size_t)self->ob_size) {
			PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
			clearerr(fp);
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(tofile_doc,
"tofile(f)\n\
\n\
Write all items (as machine values) to the file object f.  Also called as\n\
write.");


static PyObject *
array_fromlist(arrayobject *self, PyObject *list)
{
	int n;
	int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;

	if (!PyList_Check(list)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "arg must be list");
		return NULL;
	}
	n = PyList_Size(list);
	if (n > 0) {
		char *item = self->ob_item;
		int i;
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, char, (self->ob_size + n) * itemsize);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_NoMemory();
			return NULL;
		}
		self->ob_item = item;
		self->ob_size += n;
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			PyObject *v = PyList_GetItem(list, i);
			if ((*self->ob_descr->setitem)(self,
					self->ob_size - n + i, v) != 0) {
				self->ob_size -= n;
				PyMem_RESIZE(item, char,
					          self->ob_size * itemsize);
				self->ob_item = item;
				return NULL;
			}
		}
	}
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(fromlist_doc,
"fromlist(list)\n\
\n\
Append items to array from list.");


static PyObject *
array_tolist(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	PyObject *list = PyList_New(self->ob_size);
	int i;

	if (list == NULL)
		return NULL;
	for (i = 0; i < self->ob_size; i++) {
		PyObject *v = getarrayitem((PyObject *)self, i);
		if (v == NULL) {
			Py_DECREF(list);
			return NULL;
		}
		PyList_SetItem(list, i, v);
	}
	return list;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(tolist_doc,
"tolist() -> list\n\
\n\
Convert array to an ordinary list with the same items.");


static PyObject *
array_fromstring(arrayobject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *str;
	int n;
	int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;
        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#:fromstring", &str, &n))
		return NULL;
	if (n % itemsize != 0) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
			   "string length not a multiple of item size");
		return NULL;
	}
	n = n / itemsize;
	if (n > 0) {
		char *item = self->ob_item;
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, char, (self->ob_size + n) * itemsize);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_NoMemory();
			return NULL;
		}
		self->ob_item = item;
		self->ob_size += n;
		memcpy(item + (self->ob_size - n) * itemsize,
		       str, itemsize*n);
	}
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(fromstring_doc,
"fromstring(string)\n\
\n\
Appends items from the string, interpreting it as an array of machine\n\
values,as if it had been read from a file using the fromfile() method).");


static PyObject *
array_tostring(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_item,
				    self->ob_size * self->ob_descr->itemsize);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(tostring_doc,
"tostring() -> string\n\
\n\
Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the string\n\
representation.");



#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
static PyObject *
array_fromunicode(arrayobject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	Py_UNICODE *ustr;
	int n;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "u#:fromunicode", &ustr, &n))
		return NULL;
	if (self->ob_descr->typecode != 'u') {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
			"fromunicode() may only be called on "
			"type 'u' arrays");
		return NULL;
	}
	if (n > 0) {
		Py_UNICODE *item = (Py_UNICODE *) self->ob_item;
		PyMem_RESIZE(item, Py_UNICODE, self->ob_size + n);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_NoMemory();
			return NULL;
		}
		self->ob_item = (char *) item;
		self->ob_size += n;
		memcpy(item + self->ob_size - n,
		       ustr, n * sizeof(Py_UNICODE));
	}

	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(fromunicode_doc,
"fromunicode(ustr)\n\
\n\
Extends this array with data from the unicode string ustr.\n\
The array must be a type 'u' array; otherwise a ValueError\n\
is raised.  Use array.fromstring(ustr.decode(...)) to\n\
append Unicode data to an array of some other type.");


static PyObject *
array_tounicode(arrayobject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
	if (self->ob_descr->typecode != 'u') {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
			"tounicode() may only be called on type 'u' arrays");
		return NULL;
	}
	return PyUnicode_FromUnicode((Py_UNICODE *) self->ob_item, self->ob_size);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(tounicode_doc,
"tounicode() -> unicode\n\
\n\
Convert the array to a unicode string.  The array must be\n\
a type 'u' array; otherwise a ValueError is raised.  Use\n\
array.tostring().decode() to obtain a unicode string from\n\
an array of some other type.");

#endif /* Py_USING_UNICODE */


static PyObject *
array_get_typecode(arrayobject *a, void *closure)
{
	char tc = a->ob_descr->typecode;
	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(&tc, 1);
}

static PyObject *
array_get_itemsize(arrayobject *a, void *closure)
{
	return PyInt_FromLong((long)a->ob_descr->itemsize);
}

static PyGetSetDef array_getsets [] = {
	{"typecode", (getter) array_get_typecode, NULL,
	 "the typecode character used to create the array"},
	{"itemsize", (getter) array_get_itemsize, NULL,
	 "the size, in bytes, of one array item"},
	{NULL}
};

PyMethodDef array_methods[] = {
	{"append",	(PyCFunction)array_append,	METH_O,
	 append_doc},
	{"buffer_info", (PyCFunction)array_buffer_info, METH_NOARGS,
	 buffer_info_doc},
	{"byteswap",	(PyCFunction)array_byteswap,	METH_NOARGS,
	 byteswap_doc},
	{"count",	(PyCFunction)array_count,	METH_O,
	 count_doc},
	{"extend",      (PyCFunction)array_extend,	METH_O,
	 extend_doc},
	{"fromfile",	(PyCFunction)array_fromfile,	METH_VARARGS,
	 fromfile_doc},
	{"fromlist",	(PyCFunction)array_fromlist,	METH_O,
	 fromlist_doc},
	{"fromstring",	(PyCFunction)array_fromstring,	METH_VARARGS,
	 fromstring_doc},
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	{"fromunicode",	(PyCFunction)array_fromunicode,	METH_VARARGS,
	 fromunicode_doc},
#endif
	{"index",	(PyCFunction)array_index,	METH_O,
	 index_doc},
	{"insert",	(PyCFunction)array_insert,	METH_VARARGS,
	 insert_doc},
	{"pop",		(PyCFunction)array_pop,		METH_VARARGS,
	 pop_doc},
	{"read",	(PyCFunction)array_fromfile,	METH_VARARGS,
	 fromfile_doc},
	{"remove",	(PyCFunction)array_remove,	METH_O,
	 remove_doc},
	{"reverse",	(PyCFunction)array_reverse,	METH_NOARGS,
	 reverse_doc},
/*	{"sort",	(PyCFunction)array_sort,	METH_VARARGS,
	sort_doc},*/
	{"tofile",	(PyCFunction)array_tofile,	METH_O,
	 tofile_doc},
	{"tolist",	(PyCFunction)array_tolist,	METH_NOARGS,
	 tolist_doc},
	{"tostring",	(PyCFunction)array_tostring,	METH_NOARGS,
	 tostring_doc},
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	{"tounicode",   (PyCFunction)array_tounicode,	METH_NOARGS,
	 tounicode_doc},
#endif
	{"write",	(PyCFunction)array_tofile,	METH_O,
	 tofile_doc},
	{NULL,		NULL}		/* sentinel */
};

static PyObject *
array_repr(arrayobject *a)
{
	char buf[256], typecode;
	PyObject *s, *t, *v = NULL;
	int len;

	len = a->ob_size;
	typecode = a->ob_descr->typecode;
	if (len == 0) {
		PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "array('%c')", typecode);
		return PyString_FromString(buf);
	}
		
	if (typecode == 'c')
		v = array_tostring(a, NULL);
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	else if (typecode == 'u')
		v = array_tounicode(a, NULL);
#endif
	else
		v = array_tolist(a, NULL);
	t = PyObject_Repr(v);
	Py_XDECREF(v);

	PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "array('%c', ", typecode);
	s = PyString_FromString(buf);
	PyString_ConcatAndDel(&s, t);
	PyString_ConcatAndDel(&s, PyString_FromString(")"));
	return s;
}

static PyObject*
array_subscr(arrayobject* self, PyObject* item)
{
	if (PyInt_Check(item)) {
		long i = PyInt_AS_LONG(item);
		if (i < 0)
			i += self->ob_size;
		return array_item(self, i);
	}
	else if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
		long i = PyLong_AsLong(item);
		if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return NULL;
		if (i < 0)
			i += self->ob_size;
		return array_item(self, i);
	}
	else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
		int start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
		PyObject* result;
		arrayobject* ar;
		int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;

		if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item, self->ob_size,
				 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
			return NULL;
		}

		if (slicelength <= 0) {
			return newarrayobject(&Arraytype, 0, self->ob_descr);
		}
		else {
			result = newarrayobject(&Arraytype, slicelength, self->ob_descr);
			if (!result) return NULL;

			ar = (arrayobject*)result;

			for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength; 
			     cur += step, i++) {
				memcpy(ar->ob_item + i*itemsize,
				       self->ob_item + cur*itemsize,
				       itemsize);
			}
			
			return result;
		}		
	}
	else {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, 
				"list indices must be integers");
		return NULL;
	}
}

static int
array_ass_subscr(arrayobject* self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
{
	if (PyInt_Check(item)) {
		long i = PyInt_AS_LONG(item);
		if (i < 0)
			i += self->ob_size;
		return array_ass_item(self, i, value);
	}
	else if (PyLong_Check(item)) {
		long i = PyLong_AsLong(item);
		if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return -1;
		if (i < 0)
			i += self->ob_size;
		return array_ass_item(self, i, value);
	}
	else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
		int start, stop, step, slicelength;
		int itemsize = self->ob_descr->itemsize;

		if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item, self->ob_size,
				 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
			return -1;
		}

		/* treat A[slice(a,b)] = v _exactly_ like A[a:b] = v */
		if (step == 1 && ((PySliceObject*)item)->step == Py_None)
			return array_ass_slice(self, start, stop, value);

		if (value == NULL) {
			/* delete slice */
			int cur, i, extra;
			
			if (slicelength <= 0)
				return 0;

			if (step < 0) {
				stop = start + 1;
				start = stop + step*(slicelength - 1) - 1;
				step = -step;
			}

			for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength - 1;
			     cur += step, i++) {
				memmove(self->ob_item + (cur - i)*itemsize,
					self->ob_item + (cur + 1)*itemsize,
					(step - 1) * itemsize);
			}
			extra = self->ob_size - (cur + 1);
			if (extra > 0) {
				memmove(self->ob_item + (cur - i)*itemsize,
					self->ob_item + (cur + 1)*itemsize,
					extra*itemsize);
			}

			self->ob_size -= slicelength;
			self->ob_item = PyMem_REALLOC(self->ob_item, itemsize*self->ob_size);


			return 0;
		}
		else {
			/* assign slice */
			int cur, i;
			arrayobject* av;

			if (!array_Check(value)) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
			     "must assign array (not \"%.200s\") to slice",
					     value->ob_type->tp_name);
				return -1;
			}

			av = (arrayobject*)value;

			if (av->ob_size != slicelength) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
            "attempt to assign array of size %d to extended slice of size %d",
					     av->ob_size, slicelength);
				return -1;
			}

			if (!slicelength)
				return 0;

			/* protect against a[::-1] = a */
			if (self == av) { 
				value = array_slice(av, 0, av->ob_size);
				av = (arrayobject*)value;
			} 
			else {
				Py_INCREF(value);
			}

			for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength; 
			     cur += step, i++) {
				memcpy(self->ob_item + cur*itemsize,
				       av->ob_item + i*itemsize,
				       itemsize);
			}

			Py_DECREF(value);
			
			return 0;
		}
	} 
	else {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, 
				"list indices must be integers");
		return -1;
	}
}

static PyMappingMethods array_as_mapping = {
	(inquiry)array_length,
	(binaryfunc)array_subscr,
	(objobjargproc)array_ass_subscr
};

static int
array_buffer_getreadbuf(arrayobject *self, int index, const void **ptr)
{
	if ( index != 0 ) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
				"Accessing non-existent array segment");
		return -1;
	}
	*ptr = (void *)self->ob_item;
	return self->ob_size*self->ob_descr->itemsize;
}

static int
array_buffer_getwritebuf(arrayobject *self, int index, const void **ptr)
{
	if ( index != 0 ) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
				"Accessing non-existent array segment");
		return -1;
	}
	*ptr = (void *)self->ob_item;
	return self->ob_size*self->ob_descr->itemsize;
}

static int
array_buffer_getsegcount(arrayobject *self, int *lenp)
{
	if ( lenp )
		*lenp = self->ob_size*self->ob_descr->itemsize;
	return 1;
}

static PySequenceMethods array_as_sequence = {
	(inquiry)array_length,		        /*sq_length*/
	(binaryfunc)array_concat,               /*sq_concat*/
	(intargfunc)array_repeat,		/*sq_repeat*/
	(intargfunc)array_item,		        /*sq_item*/
	(intintargfunc)array_slice,		/*sq_slice*/
	(intobjargproc)array_ass_item,		/*sq_ass_item*/
	(intintobjargproc)array_ass_slice,	/*sq_ass_slice*/
	(objobjproc)array_contains,		/*sq_contains*/
	(binaryfunc)array_inplace_concat,	/*sq_inplace_concat*/
	(intargfunc)array_inplace_repeat	/*sq_inplace_repeat*/
};

static PyBufferProcs array_as_buffer = {
	(getreadbufferproc)array_buffer_getreadbuf,
	(getwritebufferproc)array_buffer_getwritebuf,
	(getsegcountproc)array_buffer_getsegcount,
};

static PyObject *
array_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
	char c;
	PyObject *initial = NULL;
	struct arraydescr *descr;

	if (kwds != NULL) {
		int i = PyObject_Length(kwds);
		if (i < 0)
			return NULL;
		else if (i > 0) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
			    "array.array constructor takes "
			    "no keyword arguments");
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "c|O:array", &c, &initial))
		return NULL;

	if (!(initial == NULL || PyList_Check(initial)
	      || PyString_Check(initial) || PyTuple_Check(initial)
	      || (c == 'u' && PyUnicode_Check(initial)))) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		    "array initializer must be list or string");
		return NULL;
	}
	for (descr = descriptors; descr->typecode != '\0'; descr++) {
		if (descr->typecode == c) {
			PyObject *a;
			int len;

			if (initial == NULL || !(PyList_Check(initial) 
				|| PyTuple_Check(initial)))
				len = 0;
			else
				len = PySequence_Size(initial);

			a = newarrayobject(type, len, descr);
			if (a == NULL)
				return NULL;

			if (len > 0) {
				int i;
				for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
					PyObject *v =
					        PySequence_GetItem(initial, i);
					if (v == NULL) {
						Py_DECREF(a);
						return NULL;
					}
					if (setarrayitem(a, i, v) != 0) {
						Py_DECREF(v);
						Py_DECREF(a);
						return NULL;
					}
					Py_DECREF(v);
				}
			} else if (initial != NULL && PyString_Check(initial)) {
				PyObject *t_initial = PyTuple_Pack(1,
								    initial);
				PyObject *v =
					array_fromstring((arrayobject *)a,
							 t_initial);
				Py_DECREF(t_initial);
				if (v == NULL) {
					Py_DECREF(a);
					return NULL;
				}
				Py_DECREF(v);
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
			} else if (initial != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(initial))  {
				int n = PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE(initial);
				if (n > 0) {
					arrayobject *self = (arrayobject *)a;
					char *item = self->ob_item;
					item = PyMem_Realloc(item, n);
					if (item == NULL) {
						PyErr_NoMemory();
						Py_DECREF(a);
						return NULL;
					}
					self->ob_item = item;
					self->ob_size = n / sizeof(Py_UNICODE);
					memcpy(item, PyUnicode_AS_DATA(initial), n);
				}
#endif
			}
			return a;
		}
	}
	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
		"bad typecode (must be c, b, B, u, h, H, i, I, l, L, f or d)");
	return NULL;
}


PyDoc_STRVAR(module_doc,
"This module defines an object type which can efficiently represent\n\
an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point\n\
numbers.  Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists,\n\
except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained.  The\n\
type is specified at object creation time by using a type code, which\n\
is a single character.  The following type codes are defined:\n\
\n\
    Type code   C Type             Minimum size in bytes \n\
    'c'         character          1 \n\
    'b'         signed integer     1 \n\
    'B'         unsigned integer   1 \n\
    'u'         Unicode character  2 \n\
    'h'         signed integer     2 \n\
    'H'         unsigned integer   2 \n\
    'i'         signed integer     2 \n\
    'I'         unsigned integer   2 \n\
    'l'         signed integer     4 \n\
    'L'         unsigned integer   4 \n\
    'f'         floating point     4 \n\
    'd'         floating point     8 \n\
\n\
The constructor is:\n\
\n\
array(typecode [, initializer]) -- create a new array\n\
");

PyDoc_STRVAR(arraytype_doc,
"array(typecode [, initializer]) -> array\n\
\n\
Return a new array whose items are restricted by typecode, and\n\
initialized from the optional initializer value, which must be a list\n\
or a string.\n\
\n\
Arrays represent basic values and behave very much like lists, except\n\
the type of objects stored in them is constrained.\n\
\n\
Methods:\n\
\n\
append() -- append a new item to the end of the array\n\
buffer_info() -- return information giving the current memory info\n\
byteswap() -- byteswap all the items of the array\n\
count() -- return number of occurences of an object\n\
extend() -- extend array by appending array elements\n\
fromfile() -- read items from a file object\n\
fromlist() -- append items from the list\n\
fromstring() -- append items from the string\n\
index() -- return index of first occurence of an object\n\
insert() -- insert a new item into the array at a provided position\n\
pop() -- remove and return item (default last)\n\
read() -- DEPRECATED, use fromfile()\n\
remove() -- remove first occurence of an object\n\
reverse() -- reverse the order of the items in the array\n\
tofile() -- write all items to a file object\n\
tolist() -- return the array converted to an ordinary list\n\
tostring() -- return the array converted to a string\n\
write() -- DEPRECATED, use tofile()\n\
\n\
Attributes:\n\
\n\
typecode -- the typecode character used to create the array\n\
itemsize -- the length in bytes of one array item\n\
");

static PyObject *array_iter(arrayobject *ao);

static PyTypeObject Arraytype = {
	PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
	0,
	"array.array",
	sizeof(arrayobject),
	0,
	(destructor)array_dealloc,		/* tp_dealloc */
	0,					/* tp_print */
	0,					/* tp_getattr */
	0,					/* tp_setattr */
	0,					/* tp_compare */
	(reprfunc)array_repr,			/* tp_repr */
	0,					/* tp_as _number*/
	&array_as_sequence,			/* tp_as _sequence*/
	&array_as_mapping,			/* tp_as _mapping*/
	0, 					/* tp_hash */
	0,					/* tp_call */
	0,					/* tp_str */
	PyObject_GenericGetAttr,		/* tp_getattro */
	0,					/* tp_setattro */
	&array_as_buffer,			/* tp_as_buffer*/
	Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,  /* tp_flags */
	arraytype_doc,				/* tp_doc */
 	0,					/* tp_traverse */
	0,					/* tp_clear */
	array_richcompare,			/* tp_richcompare */
	0,					/* tp_weaklistoffset */
	(getiterfunc)array_iter,		/* tp_iter */
	0,					/* tp_iternext */
	array_methods,				/* tp_methods */
	0,					/* tp_members */
	array_getsets,				/* tp_getset */
	0,					/* tp_base */
	0,					/* tp_dict */
	0,					/* tp_descr_get */
	0,					/* tp_descr_set */
	0,					/* tp_dictoffset */
	0,					/* tp_init */
	PyType_GenericAlloc,			/* tp_alloc */
	array_new,				/* tp_new */
	PyObject_Del,				/* tp_free */
};


/*********************** Array Iterator **************************/

typedef struct {
	PyObject_HEAD
	long			index;
	arrayobject		*ao;
	PyObject		* (*getitem)(struct arrayobject *, int);
} arrayiterobject;

static PyTypeObject PyArrayIter_Type;

#define PyArrayIter_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyArrayIter_Type)

static PyObject *
array_iter(arrayobject *ao)
{
	arrayiterobject *it;

	if (!array_Check(ao)) {
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return NULL;
	}

	it = PyObject_GC_New(arrayiterobject, &PyArrayIter_Type);
	if (it == NULL)
		return NULL;

	Py_INCREF(ao);
	it->ao = ao;
	it->index = 0;
	it->getitem = ao->ob_descr->getitem;
	PyObject_GC_Track(it);
	return (PyObject *)it;
}

static PyObject *
arrayiter_next(arrayiterobject *it)
{
	assert(PyArrayIter_Check(it));
	if (it->index < it->ao->ob_size)
		return (*it->getitem)(it->ao, it->index++);
	return NULL;
}

static void
arrayiter_dealloc(arrayiterobject *it)
{
	PyObject_GC_UnTrack(it);
	Py_XDECREF(it->ao);
	PyObject_GC_Del(it);
}

static int
arrayiter_traverse(arrayiterobject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
{
	if (it->ao != NULL)
		return visit((PyObject *)(it->ao), arg);
	return 0;
}

static PyTypeObject PyArrayIter_Type = {
	PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
	0,                                      /* ob_size */
	"arrayiterator",                        /* tp_name */
	sizeof(arrayiterobject),                /* tp_basicsize */
	0,                                      /* tp_itemsize */
	/* methods */
	(destructor)arrayiter_dealloc,		/* tp_dealloc */
	0,                                      /* tp_print */
	0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
	0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
	0,                                      /* tp_compare */
	0,                                      /* tp_repr */
	0,                                      /* tp_as_number */
	0,                                      /* tp_as_sequence */
	0,                                      /* tp_as_mapping */
	0,                                      /* tp_hash */
	0,                                      /* tp_call */
	0,                                      /* tp_str */
	PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                /* tp_getattro */
	0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
	0,                                      /* tp_as_buffer */
	Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */
	0,                                      /* tp_doc */
	(traverseproc)arrayiter_traverse,	/* tp_traverse */
	0,					/* tp_clear */
	0,                                      /* tp_richcompare */
	0,                                      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
	PyObject_SelfIter,			/* tp_iter */
	(iternextfunc)arrayiter_next,		/* tp_iternext */
	0,					/* tp_methods */
};


/*********************** Install Module **************************/

/* No functions in array module. */
static PyMethodDef a_methods[] = {
    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
};


PyMODINIT_FUNC
initarray(void)
{
	PyObject *m;

	Arraytype.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
	PyArrayIter_Type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
	m = Py_InitModule3("array", a_methods, module_doc);

        Py_INCREF((PyObject *)&Arraytype);
	PyModule_AddObject(m, "ArrayType", (PyObject *)&Arraytype);
        Py_INCREF((PyObject *)&Arraytype);
	PyModule_AddObject(m, "array", (PyObject *)&Arraytype);
	/* No need to check the error here, the caller will do that */
}