cpython/Lib/urllib.py
Guido van Rossum 3c8baedaf8 Sjoerd Mullender writes:
Fixed a TypeError: not enough arguments; expected 4, got 3.
When authentication is needed, the default http_error_401 method calls
retry_http_basic_auth.  The default version of that method expected a
data argument which wasn't provided, so now we provide the argument if
it was given and we also made the data argument optional.

Also changed other calls where data was optional to not pass data if
it was not passed to the calling method (in line with other similar
occurances).
2000-02-01 23:36:55 +00:00

1130 lines
37 KiB
Python

# Open an arbitrary URL
#
# See the following document for more info on URLs:
# "Names and Addresses, URIs, URLs, URNs, URCs", at
# http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Addressing/Overview.html
#
# See also the HTTP spec (from which the error codes are derived):
# "HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol", at
# http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/
#
# Related standards and specs:
# - RFC1808: the "relative URL" spec. (authoritative status)
# - RFC1738 - the "URL standard". (authoritative status)
# - RFC1630 - the "URI spec". (informational status)
#
# The object returned by URLopener().open(file) will differ per
# protocol. All you know is that is has methods read(), readline(),
# readlines(), fileno(), close() and info(). The read*(), fileno()
# and close() methods work like those of open files.
# The info() method returns a mimetools.Message object which can be
# used to query various info about the object, if available.
# (mimetools.Message objects are queried with the getheader() method.)
import string
import socket
import os
import sys
__version__ = '1.12' # XXX This version is not always updated :-(
MAXFTPCACHE = 10 # Trim the ftp cache beyond this size
# Helper for non-unix systems
if os.name == 'mac':
from macurl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
elif os.name == 'nt':
from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
else:
def url2pathname(pathname):
return unquote(pathname)
def pathname2url(pathname):
return quote(pathname)
# This really consists of two pieces:
# (1) a class which handles opening of all sorts of URLs
# (plus assorted utilities etc.)
# (2) a set of functions for parsing URLs
# XXX Should these be separated out into different modules?
# Shortcut for basic usage
_urlopener = None
def urlopen(url, data=None):
global _urlopener
if not _urlopener:
_urlopener = FancyURLopener()
if data is None:
return _urlopener.open(url)
else:
return _urlopener.open(url, data)
def urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None):
global _urlopener
if not _urlopener:
_urlopener = FancyURLopener()
return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook)
def urlcleanup():
if _urlopener:
_urlopener.cleanup()
# Class to open URLs.
# This is a class rather than just a subroutine because we may need
# more than one set of global protocol-specific options.
# Note -- this is a base class for those who don't want the
# automatic handling of errors type 302 (relocated) and 401
# (authorization needed).
ftpcache = {}
class URLopener:
__tempfiles = None
# Constructor
def __init__(self, proxies=None, **x509):
if proxies is None:
proxies = getproxies()
assert hasattr(proxies, 'has_key'), "proxies must be a mapping"
self.proxies = proxies
self.key_file = x509.get('key_file')
self.cert_file = x509.get('cert_file')
server_version = "Python-urllib/%s" % __version__
self.addheaders = [('User-agent', server_version)]
self.__tempfiles = []
self.__unlink = os.unlink # See cleanup()
self.tempcache = None
# Undocumented feature: if you assign {} to tempcache,
# it is used to cache files retrieved with
# self.retrieve(). This is not enabled by default
# since it does not work for changing documents (and I
# haven't got the logic to check expiration headers
# yet).
self.ftpcache = ftpcache
# Undocumented feature: you can use a different
# ftp cache by assigning to the .ftpcache member;
# in case you want logically independent URL openers
# XXX This is not threadsafe. Bah.
def __del__(self):
self.close()
def close(self):
self.cleanup()
def cleanup(self):
# This code sometimes runs when the rest of this module
# has already been deleted, so it can't use any globals
# or import anything.
if self.__tempfiles:
for file in self.__tempfiles:
try:
self.__unlink(file)
except:
pass
del self.__tempfiles[:]
if self.tempcache:
self.tempcache.clear()
# Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
# e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')
def addheader(self, *args):
self.addheaders.append(args)
# External interface
# Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r')
def open(self, fullurl, data=None):
fullurl = unwrap(fullurl)
if self.tempcache and self.tempcache.has_key(fullurl):
filename, headers = self.tempcache[fullurl]
fp = open(filename, 'rb')
return addinfourl(fp, headers, fullurl)
type, url = splittype(fullurl)
if not type: type = 'file'
if self.proxies.has_key(type):
proxy = self.proxies[type]
type, proxy = splittype(proxy)
host, selector = splithost(proxy)
url = (host, fullurl) # Signal special case to open_*()
name = 'open_' + type
self.type = type
if '-' in name:
# replace - with _
name = string.join(string.split(name, '-'), '_')
if not hasattr(self, name):
if data is None:
return self.open_unknown(fullurl)
else:
return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
try:
if data is None:
return getattr(self, name)(url)
else:
return getattr(self, name)(url, data)
except socket.error, msg:
raise IOError, ('socket error', msg), sys.exc_info()[2]
# Overridable interface to open unknown URL type
def open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None):
type, url = splittype(fullurl)
raise IOError, ('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
# External interface
# retrieve(url) returns (filename, None) for a local object
# or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object
def retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None):
url = unwrap(url)
if self.tempcache and self.tempcache.has_key(url):
return self.tempcache[url]
type, url1 = splittype(url)
if not filename and (not type or type == 'file'):
try:
fp = self.open_local_file(url1)
hdrs = fp.info()
del fp
return url2pathname(splithost(url1)[1]), hdrs
except IOError, msg:
pass
fp = self.open(url)
headers = fp.info()
if not filename:
import tempfile
garbage, path = splittype(url)
garbage, path = splithost(path or "")
path, garbage = splitquery(path or "")
path, garbage = splitattr(path or "")
suffix = os.path.splitext(path)[1]
filename = tempfile.mktemp(suffix)
self.__tempfiles.append(filename)
result = filename, headers
if self.tempcache is not None:
self.tempcache[url] = result
tfp = open(filename, 'wb')
bs = 1024*8
size = -1
blocknum = 1
if reporthook:
if headers.has_key("content-length"):
size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
reporthook(0, bs, size)
block = fp.read(bs)
if reporthook:
reporthook(1, bs, size)
while block:
tfp.write(block)
block = fp.read(bs)
blocknum = blocknum + 1
if reporthook:
reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
fp.close()
tfp.close()
del fp
del tfp
return result
# Each method named open_<type> knows how to open that type of URL
# Use HTTP protocol
def open_http(self, url, data=None):
import httplib
user_passwd = None
if type(url) is type(""):
host, selector = splithost(url)
if host:
user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
host = unquote(host)
realhost = host
else:
host, selector = url
urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
url = rest
user_passwd = None
if string.lower(urltype) != 'http':
realhost = None
else:
realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
if realhost:
user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
if user_passwd:
selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
#print "proxy via http:", host, selector
if not host: raise IOError, ('http error', 'no host given')
if user_passwd:
import base64
auth = string.strip(base64.encodestring(user_passwd))
else:
auth = None
h = httplib.HTTP(host)
if data is not None:
h.putrequest('POST', selector)
h.putheader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
h.putheader('Content-length', '%d' % len(data))
else:
h.putrequest('GET', selector)
if auth: h.putheader('Authorization', 'Basic %s' % auth)
if realhost: h.putheader('Host', realhost)
for args in self.addheaders: apply(h.putheader, args)
h.endheaders()
if data is not None:
h.send(data + '\r\n')
errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
fp = h.getfile()
if errcode == 200:
return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url)
else:
if data is None:
return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
else:
return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
# Handle http errors.
# Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
# named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code
def http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
# First check if there's a specific handler for this error
name = 'http_error_%d' % errcode
if hasattr(self, name):
method = getattr(self, name)
if data is None:
result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
else:
result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
if result: return result
return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
# Default http error handler: close the connection and raises IOError
def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
void = fp.read()
fp.close()
raise IOError, ('http error', errcode, errmsg, headers)
# Use HTTPS protocol
if hasattr(socket, "ssl"):
def open_https(self, url):
import httplib
if type(url) is type(""):
host, selector = splithost(url)
user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
else:
host, selector = url
urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
if string.lower(urltype) == 'https':
realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
if user_passwd:
selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
print "proxy via https:", host, selector
if not host: raise IOError, ('https error', 'no host given')
if user_passwd:
import base64
auth = string.strip(base64.encodestring(user_passwd))
else:
auth = None
h = httplib.HTTPS(host, 0,
key_file=self.key_file,
cert_file=self.cert_file)
h.putrequest('GET', selector)
if auth: h.putheader('Authorization: Basic %s' % auth)
for args in self.addheaders: apply(h.putheader, args)
h.endheaders()
errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
fp = h.getfile()
if errcode == 200:
return addinfourl(fp, headers, url)
else:
return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
# Use Gopher protocol
def open_gopher(self, url):
import gopherlib
host, selector = splithost(url)
if not host: raise IOError, ('gopher error', 'no host given')
host = unquote(host)
type, selector = splitgophertype(selector)
selector, query = splitquery(selector)
selector = unquote(selector)
if query:
query = unquote(query)
fp = gopherlib.send_query(selector, query, host)
else:
fp = gopherlib.send_selector(selector, host)
return addinfourl(fp, noheaders(), "gopher:" + url)
# Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL
def open_file(self, url):
if url[:2] == '//' and url[2:3] != '/':
return self.open_ftp(url)
else:
return self.open_local_file(url)
# Use local file
def open_local_file(self, url):
import mimetypes, mimetools, StringIO
mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(url)[0]
headers = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(
'Content-Type: %s\n' % (mtype or 'text/plain')))
host, file = splithost(url)
if not host:
urlfile = file
if file[:1] == '/':
urlfile = 'file://' + file
return addinfourl(open(url2pathname(file), 'rb'),
headers, urlfile)
host, port = splitport(host)
if not port \
and socket.gethostbyname(host) in (localhost(), thishost()):
urlfile = file
if file[:1] == '/':
urlfile = 'file://' + file
return addinfourl(open(url2pathname(file), 'rb'),
headers, urlfile)
raise IOError, ('local file error', 'not on local host')
# Use FTP protocol
def open_ftp(self, url):
host, path = splithost(url)
if not host: raise IOError, ('ftp error', 'no host given')
host, port = splitport(host)
user, host = splituser(host)
if user: user, passwd = splitpasswd(user)
else: passwd = None
host = unquote(host)
user = unquote(user or '')
passwd = unquote(passwd or '')
host = socket.gethostbyname(host)
if not port:
import ftplib
port = ftplib.FTP_PORT
else:
port = int(port)
path, attrs = splitattr(path)
path = unquote(path)
dirs = string.splitfields(path, '/')
dirs, file = dirs[:-1], dirs[-1]
if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs = dirs[1:]
if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs[0] = '/'
key = (user, host, port, string.joinfields(dirs, '/'))
# XXX thread unsafe!
if len(self.ftpcache) > MAXFTPCACHE:
# Prune the cache, rather arbitrarily
for k in self.ftpcache.keys():
if k != key:
v = self.ftpcache[k]
del self.ftpcache[k]
v.close()
try:
if not self.ftpcache.has_key(key):
self.ftpcache[key] = \
ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs)
if not file: type = 'D'
else: type = 'I'
for attr in attrs:
attr, value = splitvalue(attr)
if string.lower(attr) == 'type' and \
value in ('a', 'A', 'i', 'I', 'd', 'D'):
type = string.upper(value)
(fp, retrlen) = self.ftpcache[key].retrfile(file, type)
if retrlen is not None and retrlen >= 0:
import mimetools, StringIO
headers = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(
'Content-Length: %d\n' % retrlen))
else:
headers = noheaders()
return addinfourl(fp, headers, "ftp:" + url)
except ftperrors(), msg:
raise IOError, ('ftp error', msg), sys.exc_info()[2]
# Use "data" URL
def open_data(self, url, data=None):
# ignore POSTed data
#
# syntax of data URLs:
# dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
# mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
# data := *urlchar
# parameter := attribute "=" value
import StringIO, mimetools, time
try:
[type, data] = string.split(url, ',', 1)
except ValueError:
raise IOError, ('data error', 'bad data URL')
if not type:
type = 'text/plain;charset=US-ASCII'
semi = string.rfind(type, ';')
if semi >= 0 and '=' not in type[semi:]:
encoding = type[semi+1:]
type = type[:semi]
else:
encoding = ''
msg = []
msg.append('Date: %s'%time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT',
time.gmtime(time.time())))
msg.append('Content-type: %s' % type)
if encoding == 'base64':
import base64
data = base64.decodestring(data)
else:
data = unquote(data)
msg.append('Content-length: %d' % len(data))
msg.append('')
msg.append(data)
msg = string.join(msg, '\n')
f = StringIO.StringIO(msg)
headers = mimetools.Message(f, 0)
f.fileno = None # needed for addinfourl
return addinfourl(f, headers, url)
# Derived class with handlers for errors we can handle (perhaps)
class FancyURLopener(URLopener):
def __init__(self, *args):
apply(URLopener.__init__, (self,) + args)
self.auth_cache = {}
# Default error handling -- don't raise an exception
def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url)
# Error 302 -- relocated (temporarily)
def http_error_302(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers,
data=None):
# XXX The server can force infinite recursion here!
if headers.has_key('location'):
newurl = headers['location']
elif headers.has_key('uri'):
newurl = headers['uri']
else:
return
void = fp.read()
fp.close()
# In case the server sent a relative URL, join with original:
newurl = basejoin("http:" + url, newurl)
if data is None:
return self.open(newurl)
else:
return self.open(newurl, data)
# Error 301 -- also relocated (permanently)
http_error_301 = http_error_302
# Error 401 -- authentication required
# See this URL for a description of the basic authentication scheme:
# http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-00.txt
def http_error_401(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers,
data=None):
if headers.has_key('www-authenticate'):
stuff = headers['www-authenticate']
import re
match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
if match:
scheme, realm = match.groups()
if string.lower(scheme) == 'basic':
name = 'retry_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
if data is None:
return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
else:
return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
def retry_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
host, selector = splithost(url)
i = string.find(host, '@') + 1
host = host[i:]
user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
if not (user or passwd): return None
host = user + ':' + passwd + '@' + host
newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
if data is None:
return self.open(newurl)
else:
return self.open(newurl, data)
def retry_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
host, selector = splithost(url)
i = string.find(host, '@') + 1
host = host[i:]
user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
if not (user or passwd): return None
host = user + ':' + passwd + '@' + host
newurl = '//' + host + selector
return self.open_https(newurl)
def get_user_passwd(self, host, realm, clear_cache = 0):
key = realm + '@' + string.lower(host)
if self.auth_cache.has_key(key):
if clear_cache:
del self.auth_cache[key]
else:
return self.auth_cache[key]
user, passwd = self.prompt_user_passwd(host, realm)
if user or passwd: self.auth_cache[key] = (user, passwd)
return user, passwd
def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm):
# Override this in a GUI environment!
import getpass
try:
user = raw_input("Enter username for %s at %s: " % (realm,
host))
passwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password for %s in %s at %s: " %
(user, realm, host))
return user, passwd
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print
return None, None
# Utility functions
# Return the IP address of the magic hostname 'localhost'
_localhost = None
def localhost():
global _localhost
if not _localhost:
_localhost = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
return _localhost
# Return the IP address of the current host
_thishost = None
def thishost():
global _thishost
if not _thishost:
_thishost = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
return _thishost
# Return the set of errors raised by the FTP class
_ftperrors = None
def ftperrors():
global _ftperrors
if not _ftperrors:
import ftplib
_ftperrors = ftplib.all_errors
return _ftperrors
# Return an empty mimetools.Message object
_noheaders = None
def noheaders():
global _noheaders
if not _noheaders:
import mimetools
import StringIO
_noheaders = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(), 0)
_noheaders.fp.close() # Recycle file descriptor
return _noheaders
# Utility classes
# Class used by open_ftp() for cache of open FTP connections
class ftpwrapper:
def __init__(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs):
self.user = user
self.passwd = passwd
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.dirs = dirs
self.init()
def init(self):
import ftplib
self.busy = 0
self.ftp = ftplib.FTP()
self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port)
self.ftp.login(self.user, self.passwd)
for dir in self.dirs:
self.ftp.cwd(dir)
def retrfile(self, file, type):
import ftplib
self.endtransfer()
if type in ('d', 'D'): cmd = 'TYPE A'; isdir = 1
else: cmd = 'TYPE ' + type; isdir = 0
try:
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
except ftplib.all_errors:
self.init()
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
conn = None
if file and not isdir:
# Use nlst to see if the file exists at all
try:
self.ftp.nlst(file)
except ftplib.error_perm, reason:
raise IOError, ('ftp error', reason), sys.exc_info()[2]
# Restore the transfer mode!
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
# Try to retrieve as a file
try:
cmd = 'RETR ' + file
conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
except ftplib.error_perm, reason:
if reason[:3] != '550':
raise IOError, ('ftp error', reason), sys.exc_info()[2]
if not conn:
# Set transfer mode to ASCII!
self.ftp.voidcmd('TYPE A')
# Try a directory listing
if file: cmd = 'LIST ' + file
else: cmd = 'LIST'
conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
self.busy = 1
# Pass back both a suitably decorated object and a retrieval length
return (addclosehook(conn[0].makefile('rb'),
self.endtransfer), conn[1])
def endtransfer(self):
if not self.busy:
return
self.busy = 0
try:
self.ftp.voidresp()
except ftperrors():
pass
def close(self):
self.endtransfer()
try:
self.ftp.close()
except ftperrors():
pass
# Base class for addinfo and addclosehook
class addbase:
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
self.read = self.fp.read
self.readline = self.fp.readline
if hasattr(self.fp, "readlines"): self.readlines = self.fp.readlines
if hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"): self.fileno = self.fp.fileno
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s at %s whose fp = %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
`id(self)`, `self.fp`)
def close(self):
self.read = None
self.readline = None
self.readlines = None
self.fileno = None
if self.fp: self.fp.close()
self.fp = None
# Class to add a close hook to an open file
class addclosehook(addbase):
def __init__(self, fp, closehook, *hookargs):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.closehook = closehook
self.hookargs = hookargs
def close(self):
if self.closehook:
apply(self.closehook, self.hookargs)
self.closehook = None
self.hookargs = None
addbase.close(self)
# class to add an info() method to an open file
class addinfo(addbase):
def __init__(self, fp, headers):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.headers = headers
def info(self):
return self.headers
# class to add info() and geturl() methods to an open file
class addinfourl(addbase):
def __init__(self, fp, headers, url):
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
self.headers = headers
self.url = url
def info(self):
return self.headers
def geturl(self):
return self.url
# Utility to combine a URL with a base URL to form a new URL
def basejoin(base, url):
type, path = splittype(url)
if type:
# if url is complete (i.e., it contains a type), return it
return url
host, path = splithost(path)
type, basepath = splittype(base) # inherit type from base
if host:
# if url contains host, just inherit type
if type: return type + '://' + host + path
else:
# no type inherited, so url must have started with //
# just return it
return url
host, basepath = splithost(basepath) # inherit host
basepath, basetag = splittag(basepath) # remove extraneuous cruft
basepath, basequery = splitquery(basepath) # idem
if path[:1] != '/':
# non-absolute path name
if path[:1] in ('#', '?'):
# path is just a tag or query, attach to basepath
i = len(basepath)
else:
# else replace last component
i = string.rfind(basepath, '/')
if i < 0:
# basepath not absolute
if host:
# host present, make absolute
basepath = '/'
else:
# else keep non-absolute
basepath = ''
else:
# remove last file component
basepath = basepath[:i+1]
# Interpret ../ (important because of symlinks)
while basepath and path[:3] == '../':
path = path[3:]
i = string.rfind(basepath[:-1], '/')
if i > 0:
basepath = basepath[:i+1]
elif i == 0:
basepath = '/'
break
else:
basepath = ''
path = basepath + path
if type and host: return type + '://' + host + path
elif type: return type + ':' + path
elif host: return '//' + host + path # don't know what this means
else: return path
# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
# '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
# splitgophertype('/Xselector') --> 'X', 'selector'
# unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
def unwrap(url):
url = string.strip(url)
if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
url = string.strip(url[1:-1])
if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = string.strip(url[4:])
return url
_typeprog = None
def splittype(url):
global _typeprog
if _typeprog is None:
import re
_typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
match = _typeprog.match(url)
if match:
scheme = match.group(1)
return scheme, url[len(scheme) + 1:]
return None, url
_hostprog = None
def splithost(url):
global _hostprog
if _hostprog is None:
import re
_hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/]*)(.*)$')
match = _hostprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return None, url
_userprog = None
def splituser(host):
global _userprog
if _userprog is None:
import re
_userprog = re.compile('^([^@]*)@(.*)$')
match = _userprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return None, host
_passwdprog = None
def splitpasswd(user):
global _passwdprog
if _passwdprog is None:
import re
_passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$')
match = _passwdprog.match(user)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return user, None
_portprog = None
def splitport(host):
global _portprog
if _portprog is None:
import re
_portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
match = _portprog.match(host)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return host, None
# Split host and port, returning numeric port.
# Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
# Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
# Return None if ':' but not a valid number.
_nportprog = None
def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
global _nportprog
if _nportprog is None:
import re
_nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
match = _nportprog.match(host)
if match:
host, port = match.group(1, 2)
try:
if not port: raise string.atoi_error, "no digits"
nport = string.atoi(port)
except string.atoi_error:
nport = None
return host, nport
return host, defport
_queryprog = None
def splitquery(url):
global _queryprog
if _queryprog is None:
import re
_queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
match = _queryprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
_tagprog = None
def splittag(url):
global _tagprog
if _tagprog is None:
import re
_tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
match = _tagprog.match(url)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return url, None
def splitattr(url):
words = string.splitfields(url, ';')
return words[0], words[1:]
_valueprog = None
def splitvalue(attr):
global _valueprog
if _valueprog is None:
import re
_valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
match = _valueprog.match(attr)
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
return attr, None
def splitgophertype(selector):
if selector[:1] == '/' and selector[1:2]:
return selector[1], selector[2:]
return None, selector
def unquote(s):
mychr = chr
myatoi = string.atoi
list = string.split(s, '%')
res = [list[0]]
myappend = res.append
del list[0]
for item in list:
if item[1:2]:
try:
myappend(mychr(myatoi(item[:2], 16))
+ item[2:])
except:
myappend('%' + item)
else:
myappend('%' + item)
return string.join(res, "")
def unquote_plus(s):
if '+' in s:
# replace '+' with ' '
s = string.join(string.split(s, '+'), ' ')
return unquote(s)
always_safe = string.letters + string.digits + '_,.-'
def quote(s, safe = '/'):
# XXX Can speed this up an order of magnitude
safe = always_safe + safe
res = list(s)
for i in range(len(res)):
c = res[i]
if c not in safe:
res[i] = '%%%02x' % ord(c)
return string.joinfields(res, '')
def quote_plus(s, safe = '/'):
# XXX Can speed this up an order of magnitude
if ' ' in s:
# replace ' ' with '+'
l = string.split(s, ' ')
for i in range(len(l)):
l[i] = quote(l[i], safe)
return string.join(l, '+')
else:
return quote(s, safe)
def urlencode(dict):
l = []
for k, v in dict.items():
k = quote_plus(str(k))
v = quote_plus(str(v))
l.append(k + '=' + v)
return string.join(l, '&')
# Proxy handling
if os.name == 'mac':
def getproxies():
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
By convention the mac uses Internet Config to store
proxies. An HTTP proxy, for instance, is stored under
the HttpProxy key.
"""
try:
import ic
except ImportError:
return {}
try:
config = ic.IC()
except ic.error:
return {}
proxies = {}
# HTTP:
if config.has_key('UseHTTPProxy') and config['UseHTTPProxy']:
try:
value = config['HTTPProxyHost']
except ic.error:
pass
else:
proxies['http'] = 'http://%s' % value
# FTP: XXXX To be done.
# Gopher: XXXX To be done.
return proxies
else:
def getproxies():
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
Scan the environment for variables named <scheme>_proxy;
this seems to be the standard convention. If you need a
different way, you can pass a proxies dictionary to the
[Fancy]URLopener constructor.
"""
proxies = {}
for name, value in os.environ.items():
name = string.lower(name)
if value and name[-6:] == '_proxy':
proxies[name[:-6]] = value
return proxies
# Test and time quote() and unquote()
def test1():
import time
s = ''
for i in range(256): s = s + chr(i)
s = s*4
t0 = time.time()
qs = quote(s)
uqs = unquote(qs)
t1 = time.time()
if uqs != s:
print 'Wrong!'
print `s`
print `qs`
print `uqs`
print round(t1 - t0, 3), 'sec'
def reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):
# Report during remote transfers
print "Block number: %d, Block size: %d, Total size: %d" % (blocknum, blocksize, totalsize)
# Test program
def test(args=[]):
if not args:
args = [
'/etc/passwd',
'file:/etc/passwd',
'file://localhost/etc/passwd',
'ftp://ftp.python.org/etc/passwd',
## 'gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/1/',
'http://www.python.org/index.html',
]
if hasattr(URLopener, "open_https"):
args.append('https://synergy.as.cmu.edu/~geek/')
try:
for url in args:
print '-'*10, url, '-'*10
fn, h = urlretrieve(url, None, reporthook)
print fn, h
if h:
print '======'
for k in h.keys(): print k + ':', h[k]
print '======'
fp = open(fn, 'rb')
data = fp.read()
del fp
if '\r' in data:
table = string.maketrans("", "")
data = string.translate(data, table, "\r")
print data
fn, h = None, None
print '-'*40
finally:
urlcleanup()
def main():
import getopt, sys
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "th")
except getopt.error, msg:
print msg
print "Use -h for help"
return
t = 0
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-t':
t = t + 1
if o == '-h':
print "Usage: python urllib.py [-t] [url ...]"
print "-t runs self-test;",
print "otherwise, contents of urls are printed"
return
if t:
if t > 1:
test1()
test(args)
else:
if not args:
print "Use -h for help"
for url in args:
print urlopen(url).read(),
# Run test program when run as a script
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()