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b5f7777cb3
Ensure that `PurePath('foo/a').with_name('.')` raises `ValueError`
Ensure that `PureWindowsPath('foo/a').with_name('a:b')` does not raise
`ValueError`.
1717 lines
60 KiB
Python
1717 lines
60 KiB
Python
"""Object-oriented filesystem paths.
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This module provides classes to represent abstract paths and concrete
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paths with operations that have semantics appropriate for different
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operating systems.
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"""
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import contextlib
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import fnmatch
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import functools
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import io
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import ntpath
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import os
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import posixpath
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import re
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import sys
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import warnings
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from _collections_abc import Sequence
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from errno import ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP, EINVAL
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from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
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try:
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import pwd
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except ImportError:
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pwd = None
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try:
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import grp
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except ImportError:
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grp = None
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__all__ = [
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"UnsupportedOperation",
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"PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath",
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"Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath",
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]
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#
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# Internals
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#
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# Maximum number of symlinks to follow in _PathBase.resolve()
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_MAX_SYMLINKS = 40
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# Reference for Windows paths can be found at
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# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file .
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_WIN_RESERVED_NAMES = frozenset(
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{'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL', 'CONIN$', 'CONOUT$'} |
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{f'COM{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'} |
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{f'LPT{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'}
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)
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_WINERROR_NOT_READY = 21 # drive exists but is not accessible
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_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME = 123 # fix for bpo-35306
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_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME = 1921 # broken symlink pointing to itself
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# EBADF - guard against macOS `stat` throwing EBADF
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_IGNORED_ERRNOS = (ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP)
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_IGNORED_WINERRORS = (
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_WINERROR_NOT_READY,
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_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME,
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_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME)
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def _ignore_error(exception):
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return (getattr(exception, 'errno', None) in _IGNORED_ERRNOS or
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getattr(exception, 'winerror', None) in _IGNORED_WINERRORS)
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@functools.cache
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def _is_case_sensitive(pathmod):
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return pathmod.normcase('Aa') == 'Aa'
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#
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# Globbing helpers
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#
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# fnmatch.translate() returns a regular expression that includes a prefix and
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# a suffix, which enable matching newlines and ensure the end of the string is
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# matched, respectively. These features are undesirable for our implementation
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# of PurePatch.match(), which represents path separators as newlines and joins
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# pattern segments together. As a workaround, we define a slice object that
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# can remove the prefix and suffix from any translate() result. See the
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# _compile_pattern_lines() function for more details.
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_FNMATCH_PREFIX, _FNMATCH_SUFFIX = fnmatch.translate('_').split('_')
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_FNMATCH_SLICE = slice(len(_FNMATCH_PREFIX), -len(_FNMATCH_SUFFIX))
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_SWAP_SEP_AND_NEWLINE = {
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'/': str.maketrans({'/': '\n', '\n': '/'}),
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'\\': str.maketrans({'\\': '\n', '\n': '\\'}),
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}
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@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=256)
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def _compile_pattern(pat, case_sensitive):
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"""Compile given glob pattern to a re.Pattern object (observing case
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sensitivity), or None if the pattern should match everything."""
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if pat == '*':
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return None
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flags = re.NOFLAG if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE
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return re.compile(fnmatch.translate(pat), flags).match
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@functools.lru_cache()
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def _compile_pattern_lines(pattern_lines, case_sensitive):
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"""Compile the given pattern lines to an `re.Pattern` object.
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The *pattern_lines* argument is a glob-style pattern (e.g. '**/*.py') with
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its path separators and newlines swapped (e.g. '**\n*.py`). By using
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newlines to separate path components, and not setting `re.DOTALL`, we
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ensure that the `*` wildcard cannot match path separators.
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The returned `re.Pattern` object may have its `match()` method called to
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match a complete pattern, or `search()` to match from the right. The
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argument supplied to these methods must also have its path separators and
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newlines swapped.
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"""
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# Match the start of the path, or just after a path separator
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parts = ['^']
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for part in pattern_lines.splitlines(keepends=True):
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if part == '*\n':
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part = r'.+\n'
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elif part == '*':
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part = r'.+'
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elif part == '**\n':
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# '**/' component: we use '[\s\S]' rather than '.' so that path
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# separators (i.e. newlines) are matched. The trailing '^' ensures
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# we terminate after a path separator (i.e. on a new line).
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part = r'[\s\S]*^'
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elif part == '**':
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# '**' component.
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part = r'[\s\S]*'
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elif '**' in part:
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raise ValueError("Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component")
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else:
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# Any other component: pass to fnmatch.translate(). We slice off
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# the common prefix and suffix added by translate() to ensure that
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# re.DOTALL is not set, and the end of the string not matched,
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# respectively. With DOTALL not set, '*' wildcards will not match
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# path separators, because the '.' characters in the pattern will
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# not match newlines.
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part = fnmatch.translate(part)[_FNMATCH_SLICE]
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parts.append(part)
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# Match the end of the path, always.
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parts.append(r'\Z')
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flags = re.MULTILINE
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if not case_sensitive:
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flags |= re.IGNORECASE
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return re.compile(''.join(parts), flags=flags)
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def _select_children(parent_paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks, match):
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"""Yield direct children of given paths, filtering by name and type."""
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if follow_symlinks is None:
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follow_symlinks = True
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for parent_path in parent_paths:
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try:
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# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to
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# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.
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with parent_path._scandir() as scandir_it:
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entries = list(scandir_it)
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except OSError:
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pass
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else:
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for entry in entries:
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if dir_only:
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try:
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if not entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks):
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continue
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except OSError:
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continue
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name = entry.name
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if match is None or match(name):
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yield parent_path._make_child_relpath(name)
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def _select_recursive(parent_paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks):
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"""Yield given paths and all their subdirectories, recursively."""
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if follow_symlinks is None:
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follow_symlinks = False
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for parent_path in parent_paths:
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paths = [parent_path]
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while paths:
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path = paths.pop()
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yield path
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try:
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# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to
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# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.
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with path._scandir() as scandir_it:
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entries = list(scandir_it)
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except OSError:
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pass
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else:
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for entry in entries:
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try:
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if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks):
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paths.append(path._make_child_relpath(entry.name))
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continue
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except OSError:
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pass
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if not dir_only:
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yield path._make_child_relpath(entry.name)
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def _select_unique(paths):
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"""Yields the given paths, filtering out duplicates."""
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yielded = set()
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try:
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for path in paths:
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path_str = str(path)
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if path_str not in yielded:
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yield path
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yielded.add(path_str)
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finally:
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yielded.clear()
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#
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# Public API
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#
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class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):
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"""An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is called on
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a path object.
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"""
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pass
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class _PathParents(Sequence):
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"""This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
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of a path. Don't try to construct it yourself."""
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__slots__ = ('_path', '_drv', '_root', '_tail')
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def __init__(self, path):
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self._path = path
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self._drv = path.drive
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self._root = path.root
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self._tail = path._tail
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def __len__(self):
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return len(self._tail)
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def __getitem__(self, idx):
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if isinstance(idx, slice):
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return tuple(self[i] for i in range(*idx.indices(len(self))))
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if idx >= len(self) or idx < -len(self):
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raise IndexError(idx)
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if idx < 0:
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idx += len(self)
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return self._path._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
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self._tail[:-idx - 1])
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<{}.parents>".format(type(self._path).__name__)
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class PurePath:
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"""Base class for manipulating paths without I/O.
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PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
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don't imply any actual filesystem I/O. Depending on your system,
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instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a
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PureWindowsPath object. You can also instantiate either of these classes
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directly, regardless of your system.
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"""
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__slots__ = (
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# The `_raw_paths` slot stores unnormalized string paths. This is set
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# in the `__init__()` method.
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'_raw_paths',
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# The `_drv`, `_root` and `_tail_cached` slots store parsed and
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# normalized parts of the path. They are set when any of the `drive`,
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# `root` or `_tail` properties are accessed for the first time. The
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# three-part division corresponds to the result of
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# `os.path.splitroot()`, except that the tail is further split on path
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# separators (i.e. it is a list of strings), and that the root and
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# tail are normalized.
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'_drv', '_root', '_tail_cached',
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# The `_str` slot stores the string representation of the path,
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# computed from the drive, root and tail when `__str__()` is called
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# for the first time. It's used to implement `_str_normcase`
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'_str',
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# The `_str_normcase_cached` slot stores the string path with
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# normalized case. It is set when the `_str_normcase` property is
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# accessed for the first time. It's used to implement `__eq__()`
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# `__hash__()`, and `_parts_normcase`
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'_str_normcase_cached',
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# The `_parts_normcase_cached` slot stores the case-normalized
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# string path after splitting on path separators. It's set when the
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# `_parts_normcase` property is accessed for the first time. It's used
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# to implement comparison methods like `__lt__()`.
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'_parts_normcase_cached',
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# The `_lines_cached` slot stores the string path with path separators
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# and newlines swapped. This is used to implement `match()`.
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'_lines_cached',
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# The `_hash` slot stores the hash of the case-normalized string
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# path. It's set when `__hash__()` is called for the first time.
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'_hash',
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# The '_resolving' slot stores a boolean indicating whether the path
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# is being processed by `_PathBase.resolve()`. This prevents duplicate
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# work from occurring when `resolve()` calls `stat()` or `readlink()`.
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'_resolving',
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)
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pathmod = os.path
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def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
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PurePath objects. The strings and path objects are combined so as
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to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the
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new PurePath object.
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"""
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if cls is PurePath:
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cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath
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return object.__new__(cls)
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def __reduce__(self):
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# Using the parts tuple helps share interned path parts
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# when pickling related paths.
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return (self.__class__, self.parts)
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def __init__(self, *args):
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paths = []
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for arg in args:
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if isinstance(arg, PurePath):
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if arg.pathmod is ntpath and self.pathmod is posixpath:
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# GH-103631: Convert separators for backwards compatibility.
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paths.extend(path.replace('\\', '/') for path in arg._raw_paths)
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else:
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paths.extend(arg._raw_paths)
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else:
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try:
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path = os.fspath(arg)
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except TypeError:
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path = arg
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if not isinstance(path, str):
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raise TypeError(
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"argument should be a str or an os.PathLike "
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"object where __fspath__ returns a str, "
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f"not {type(path).__name__!r}")
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paths.append(path)
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self._raw_paths = paths
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self._resolving = False
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def with_segments(self, *pathsegments):
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"""Construct a new path object from any number of path-like objects.
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Subclasses may override this method to customize how new path objects
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are created from methods like `iterdir()`.
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"""
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return type(self)(*pathsegments)
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@classmethod
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def _parse_path(cls, path):
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if not path:
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return '', '', []
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sep = cls.pathmod.sep
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altsep = cls.pathmod.altsep
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if altsep:
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path = path.replace(altsep, sep)
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drv, root, rel = cls.pathmod.splitroot(path)
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if not root and drv.startswith(sep) and not drv.endswith(sep):
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drv_parts = drv.split(sep)
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if len(drv_parts) == 4 and drv_parts[2] not in '?.':
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# e.g. //server/share
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root = sep
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elif len(drv_parts) == 6:
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# e.g. //?/unc/server/share
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root = sep
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parsed = [sys.intern(str(x)) for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
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return drv, root, parsed
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def _load_parts(self):
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paths = self._raw_paths
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if len(paths) == 0:
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path = ''
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elif len(paths) == 1:
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path = paths[0]
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else:
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path = self.pathmod.join(*paths)
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drv, root, tail = self._parse_path(path)
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self._drv = drv
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self._root = root
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self._tail_cached = tail
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def _from_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, tail):
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path_str = self._format_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail)
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path = self.with_segments(path_str)
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path._str = path_str or '.'
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path._drv = drv
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path._root = root
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path._tail_cached = tail
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return path
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@classmethod
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def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, tail):
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if drv or root:
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return drv + root + cls.pathmod.sep.join(tail)
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elif tail and cls.pathmod.splitdrive(tail[0])[0]:
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tail = ['.'] + tail
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return cls.pathmod.sep.join(tail)
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def __str__(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
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passing to system calls."""
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try:
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return self._str
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except AttributeError:
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self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root,
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self._tail) or '.'
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return self._str
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def __fspath__(self):
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return str(self)
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def as_posix(self):
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"""Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
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slashes."""
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return str(self).replace(self.pathmod.sep, '/')
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def __bytes__(self):
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"""Return the bytes representation of the path. This is only
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recommended to use under Unix."""
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return os.fsencode(self)
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def __repr__(self):
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return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())
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def as_uri(self):
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"""Return the path as a URI."""
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if not self.is_absolute():
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raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI")
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drive = self.drive
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if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':':
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# It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b'
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prefix = 'file:///' + drive
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path = self.as_posix()[2:]
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elif drive:
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# It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b'
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prefix = 'file:'
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path = self.as_posix()
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else:
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# It's a posix path => 'file:///etc/hosts'
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prefix = 'file://'
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path = str(self)
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from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
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return prefix + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode(path))
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|
|
@property
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|
def _str_normcase(self):
|
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# String with normalized case, for hashing and equality checks
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try:
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return self._str_normcase_cached
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except AttributeError:
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|
if _is_case_sensitive(self.pathmod):
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self._str_normcase_cached = str(self)
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else:
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self._str_normcase_cached = str(self).lower()
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return self._str_normcase_cached
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|
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@property
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def _parts_normcase(self):
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# Cached parts with normalized case, for comparisons.
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try:
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return self._parts_normcase_cached
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except AttributeError:
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self._parts_normcase_cached = self._str_normcase.split(self.pathmod.sep)
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return self._parts_normcase_cached
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@property
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def _lines(self):
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# Path with separators and newlines swapped, for pattern matching.
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try:
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return self._lines_cached
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except AttributeError:
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path_str = str(self)
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if path_str == '.':
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self._lines_cached = ''
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else:
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trans = _SWAP_SEP_AND_NEWLINE[self.pathmod.sep]
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self._lines_cached = path_str.translate(trans)
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return self._lines_cached
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|
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def __eq__(self, other):
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if not isinstance(other, PurePath):
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return NotImplemented
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return self._str_normcase == other._str_normcase and self.pathmod is other.pathmod
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def __hash__(self):
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try:
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return self._hash
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|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._hash = hash(self._str_normcase)
|
|
return self._hash
|
|
|
|
def __lt__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.pathmod is not other.pathmod:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._parts_normcase < other._parts_normcase
|
|
|
|
def __le__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.pathmod is not other.pathmod:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._parts_normcase <= other._parts_normcase
|
|
|
|
def __gt__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.pathmod is not other.pathmod:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._parts_normcase > other._parts_normcase
|
|
|
|
def __ge__(self, other):
|
|
if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.pathmod is not other.pathmod:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
return self._parts_normcase >= other._parts_normcase
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def drive(self):
|
|
"""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any."""
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._drv
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._load_parts()
|
|
return self._drv
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def root(self):
|
|
"""The root of the path, if any."""
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._root
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._load_parts()
|
|
return self._root
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def _tail(self):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self._tail_cached
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
self._load_parts()
|
|
return self._tail_cached
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def anchor(self):
|
|
"""The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""
|
|
anchor = self.drive + self.root
|
|
return anchor
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def name(self):
|
|
"""The final path component, if any."""
|
|
tail = self._tail
|
|
if not tail:
|
|
return ''
|
|
return tail[-1]
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffix(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
The final component's last suffix, if any.
|
|
|
|
This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt'
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
i = name.rfind('.')
|
|
if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
|
|
return name[i:]
|
|
else:
|
|
return ''
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def suffixes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.
|
|
|
|
These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz']
|
|
"""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if name.endswith('.'):
|
|
return []
|
|
name = name.lstrip('.')
|
|
return ['.' + suffix for suffix in name.split('.')[1:]]
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def stem(self):
|
|
"""The final path component, minus its last suffix."""
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
i = name.rfind('.')
|
|
if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
|
|
return name[:i]
|
|
else:
|
|
return name
|
|
|
|
def with_name(self, name):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the file name changed."""
|
|
if not self.name:
|
|
raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
|
|
m = self.pathmod
|
|
if not name or m.sep in name or (m.altsep and m.altsep in name) or name == '.':
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid name %r" % (name))
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root,
|
|
self._tail[:-1] + [name])
|
|
|
|
def with_stem(self, stem):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the stem changed."""
|
|
return self.with_name(stem + self.suffix)
|
|
|
|
def with_suffix(self, suffix):
|
|
"""Return a new path with the file suffix changed. If the path
|
|
has no suffix, add given suffix. If the given suffix is an empty
|
|
string, remove the suffix from the path.
|
|
"""
|
|
m = self.pathmod
|
|
if m.sep in suffix or m.altsep and m.altsep in suffix:
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix,))
|
|
if suffix and not suffix.startswith('.') or suffix == '.':
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix))
|
|
name = self.name
|
|
if not name:
|
|
raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
|
|
old_suffix = self.suffix
|
|
if not old_suffix:
|
|
name = name + suffix
|
|
else:
|
|
name = name[:-len(old_suffix)] + suffix
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root,
|
|
self._tail[:-1] + [name])
|
|
|
|
def relative_to(self, other, /, *_deprecated, walk_up=False):
|
|
"""Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
|
|
arguments. If the operation is not possible (because this is not
|
|
related to the other path), raise ValueError.
|
|
|
|
The *walk_up* parameter controls whether `..` may be used to resolve
|
|
the path.
|
|
"""
|
|
if _deprecated:
|
|
msg = ("support for supplying more than one positional argument "
|
|
"to pathlib.PurePath.relative_to() is deprecated and "
|
|
"scheduled for removal in Python {remove}")
|
|
warnings._deprecated("pathlib.PurePath.relative_to(*args)", msg,
|
|
remove=(3, 14))
|
|
other = self.with_segments(other, *_deprecated)
|
|
for step, path in enumerate([other] + list(other.parents)):
|
|
if self.is_relative_to(path):
|
|
break
|
|
elif not walk_up:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} is not in the subpath of {str(other)!r}")
|
|
elif path.name == '..':
|
|
raise ValueError(f"'..' segment in {str(other)!r} cannot be walked")
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} and {str(other)!r} have different anchors")
|
|
parts = ['..'] * step + self._tail[len(path._tail):]
|
|
return self.with_segments(*parts)
|
|
|
|
def is_relative_to(self, other, /, *_deprecated):
|
|
"""Return True if the path is relative to another path or False.
|
|
"""
|
|
if _deprecated:
|
|
msg = ("support for supplying more than one argument to "
|
|
"pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to() is deprecated and "
|
|
"scheduled for removal in Python {remove}")
|
|
warnings._deprecated("pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to(*args)",
|
|
msg, remove=(3, 14))
|
|
other = self.with_segments(other, *_deprecated)
|
|
return other == self or other in self.parents
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parts(self):
|
|
"""An object providing sequence-like access to the
|
|
components in the filesystem path."""
|
|
if self.drive or self.root:
|
|
return (self.drive + self.root,) + tuple(self._tail)
|
|
else:
|
|
return tuple(self._tail)
|
|
|
|
def joinpath(self, *pathsegments):
|
|
"""Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
|
|
new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative
|
|
paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is
|
|
anchored).
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.with_segments(self, *pathsegments)
|
|
|
|
def __truediv__(self, key):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self.joinpath(key)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
|
|
def __rtruediv__(self, key):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self.with_segments(key, self)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
return NotImplemented
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parent(self):
|
|
"""The logical parent of the path."""
|
|
drv = self.drive
|
|
root = self.root
|
|
tail = self._tail
|
|
if not tail:
|
|
return self
|
|
path = self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail[:-1])
|
|
path._resolving = self._resolving
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def parents(self):
|
|
"""A sequence of this path's logical parents."""
|
|
# The value of this property should not be cached on the path object,
|
|
# as doing so would introduce a reference cycle.
|
|
return _PathParents(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_absolute(self):
|
|
"""True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
|
|
a drive)."""
|
|
if self.pathmod is ntpath:
|
|
# ntpath.isabs() is defective - see GH-44626.
|
|
return bool(self.drive and self.root)
|
|
elif self.pathmod is posixpath:
|
|
# Optimization: work with raw paths on POSIX.
|
|
for path in self._raw_paths:
|
|
if path.startswith('/'):
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
else:
|
|
return self.pathmod.isabs(str(self))
|
|
|
|
def is_reserved(self):
|
|
"""Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
|
|
by the system, if any."""
|
|
if self.pathmod is posixpath or not self._tail:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
# NOTE: the rules for reserved names seem somewhat complicated
|
|
# (e.g. r"..\NUL" is reserved but not r"foo\NUL" if "foo" does not
|
|
# exist). We err on the side of caution and return True for paths
|
|
# which are not considered reserved by Windows.
|
|
if self.drive.startswith('\\\\'):
|
|
# UNC paths are never reserved.
|
|
return False
|
|
name = self._tail[-1].partition('.')[0].partition(':')[0].rstrip(' ')
|
|
return name.upper() in _WIN_RESERVED_NAMES
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path_pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return True if this path matches the given pattern.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not isinstance(path_pattern, PurePath):
|
|
path_pattern = self.with_segments(path_pattern)
|
|
if case_sensitive is None:
|
|
case_sensitive = _is_case_sensitive(self.pathmod)
|
|
pattern = _compile_pattern_lines(path_pattern._lines, case_sensitive)
|
|
if path_pattern.drive or path_pattern.root:
|
|
return pattern.match(self._lines) is not None
|
|
elif path_pattern._tail:
|
|
return pattern.search(self._lines) is not None
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError("empty pattern")
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Subclassing os.PathLike makes isinstance() checks slower,
|
|
# which in turn makes Path construction slower. Register instead!
|
|
os.PathLike.register(PurePath)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PurePosixPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
pathmod = posixpath
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PureWindowsPath(PurePath):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
|
|
However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
|
|
"""
|
|
pathmod = ntpath
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Filesystem-accessing classes
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _PathBase(PurePath):
|
|
"""Base class for concrete path objects.
|
|
|
|
This class provides dummy implementations for many methods that derived
|
|
classes can override selectively; the default implementations raise
|
|
UnsupportedOperation. The most basic methods, such as stat() and open(),
|
|
directly raise UnsupportedOperation; these basic methods are called by
|
|
other methods such as is_dir() and read_text().
|
|
|
|
The Path class derives this class to implement local filesystem paths.
|
|
Users may derive their own classes to implement virtual filesystem paths,
|
|
such as paths in archive files or on remote storage systems.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
__bytes__ = None
|
|
__fspath__ = None # virtual paths have no local file system representation
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def _unsupported(cls, method_name):
|
|
msg = f"{cls.__name__}.{method_name}() is unsupported"
|
|
if issubclass(cls, Path):
|
|
msg += " on this system"
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(msg)
|
|
|
|
def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
|
|
os.stat() does.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("stat")
|
|
|
|
def lstat(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
status information is returned, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Convenience functions for querying the stat results
|
|
|
|
def exists(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path exists.
|
|
|
|
This method normally follows symlinks; to check whether a symlink exists,
|
|
add the argument follow_symlinks=False.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def is_dir(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a directory.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISDIR(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_file(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing
|
|
to regular files).
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISREG(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_mount(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Check if this path is a mount point
|
|
"""
|
|
# Need to exist and be a dir
|
|
if not self.exists() or not self.is_dir():
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
parent_dev = self.parent.stat().st_dev
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
dev = self.stat().st_dev
|
|
if dev != parent_dev:
|
|
return True
|
|
ino = self.stat().st_ino
|
|
parent_ino = self.parent.stat().st_ino
|
|
return ino == parent_ino
|
|
|
|
def is_symlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a symbolic link.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISLNK(self.lstat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_junction(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a junction.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Junctions are a Windows-only feature, not present in POSIX nor the
|
|
# majority of virtual filesystems. There is no cross-platform idiom
|
|
# to check for junctions (using stat().st_mode).
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_block_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a block device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_char_device(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a character device.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_fifo(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a FIFO.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def is_socket(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a socket.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if not _ignore_error(e):
|
|
raise
|
|
# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
|
|
# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )
|
|
return False
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# Non-encodable path
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def samefile(self, other_path):
|
|
"""Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
|
|
(as returned by os.path.samefile()).
|
|
"""
|
|
st = self.stat()
|
|
try:
|
|
other_st = other_path.stat()
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
other_st = self.with_segments(other_path).stat()
|
|
return (st.st_ino == other_st.st_ino and
|
|
st.st_dev == other_st.st_dev)
|
|
|
|
def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
|
|
errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as
|
|
the built-in open() function does.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("open")
|
|
|
|
def read_bytes(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
with self.open(mode='rb') as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f:
|
|
return f.read()
|
|
|
|
def write_bytes(self, data):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file
|
|
view = memoryview(data)
|
|
with self.open(mode='wb') as f:
|
|
return f.write(view)
|
|
|
|
def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not isinstance(data, str):
|
|
raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' %
|
|
data.__class__.__name__)
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
|
|
return f.write(data)
|
|
|
|
def iterdir(self):
|
|
"""Yield path objects of the directory contents.
|
|
|
|
The children are yielded in arbitrary order, and the
|
|
special entries '.' and '..' are not included.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("iterdir")
|
|
|
|
def _scandir(self):
|
|
# Emulate os.scandir(), which returns an object that can be used as a
|
|
# context manager. This method is called by walk() and glob().
|
|
return contextlib.nullcontext(self.iterdir())
|
|
|
|
def _make_child_relpath(self, name):
|
|
sep = self.pathmod.sep
|
|
lines_name = name.replace('\n', sep)
|
|
lines_str = self._lines
|
|
path_str = str(self)
|
|
tail = self._tail
|
|
if tail:
|
|
path_str = f'{path_str}{sep}{name}'
|
|
lines_str = f'{lines_str}\n{lines_name}'
|
|
elif path_str != '.':
|
|
path_str = f'{path_str}{name}'
|
|
lines_str = f'{lines_str}{lines_name}'
|
|
else:
|
|
path_str = name
|
|
lines_str = lines_name
|
|
path = self.with_segments(path_str)
|
|
path._str = path_str
|
|
path._drv = self.drive
|
|
path._root = self.root
|
|
path._tail_cached = tail + [name]
|
|
path._lines_cached = lines_str
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
def glob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, follow_symlinks=None):
|
|
"""Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
|
|
kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.glob", self, pattern)
|
|
return self._glob(pattern, case_sensitive, follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def rglob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, follow_symlinks=None):
|
|
"""Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
|
|
directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in
|
|
this subtree.
|
|
"""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.rglob", self, pattern)
|
|
return self._glob(f'**/{pattern}', case_sensitive, follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def _glob(self, pattern, case_sensitive, follow_symlinks):
|
|
path_pattern = self.with_segments(pattern)
|
|
if path_pattern.drive or path_pattern.root:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
|
|
elif not path_pattern._tail:
|
|
raise ValueError("Unacceptable pattern: {!r}".format(pattern))
|
|
|
|
pattern_parts = list(path_pattern._tail)
|
|
if pattern[-1] in (self.pathmod.sep, self.pathmod.altsep):
|
|
# GH-65238: pathlib doesn't preserve trailing slash. Add it back.
|
|
pattern_parts.append('')
|
|
if pattern_parts[-1] == '**':
|
|
# GH-70303: '**' only matches directories. Add trailing slash.
|
|
warnings.warn(
|
|
"Pattern ending '**' will match files and directories in a "
|
|
"future Python release. Add a trailing slash to match only "
|
|
"directories and remove this warning.",
|
|
FutureWarning, 3)
|
|
pattern_parts.append('')
|
|
|
|
if case_sensitive is None:
|
|
# TODO: evaluate case-sensitivity of each directory in _select_children().
|
|
case_sensitive = _is_case_sensitive(self.pathmod)
|
|
|
|
# If symlinks are handled consistently, and the pattern does not
|
|
# contain '..' components, then we can use a 'walk-and-match' strategy
|
|
# when expanding '**' wildcards. When a '**' wildcard is encountered,
|
|
# all following pattern parts are immediately consumed and used to
|
|
# build a `re.Pattern` object. This pattern is used to filter the
|
|
# recursive walk. As a result, pattern parts following a '**' wildcard
|
|
# do not perform any filesystem access, which can be much faster!
|
|
filter_paths = follow_symlinks is not None and '..' not in pattern_parts
|
|
deduplicate_paths = False
|
|
paths = iter([self] if self.is_dir() else [])
|
|
part_idx = 0
|
|
while part_idx < len(pattern_parts):
|
|
part = pattern_parts[part_idx]
|
|
part_idx += 1
|
|
if part == '':
|
|
# Trailing slash.
|
|
pass
|
|
elif part == '..':
|
|
paths = (path._make_child_relpath('..') for path in paths)
|
|
elif part == '**':
|
|
# Consume adjacent '**' components.
|
|
while part_idx < len(pattern_parts) and pattern_parts[part_idx] == '**':
|
|
part_idx += 1
|
|
|
|
if filter_paths and part_idx < len(pattern_parts) and pattern_parts[part_idx] != '':
|
|
dir_only = pattern_parts[-1] == ''
|
|
paths = _select_recursive(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
# Filter out paths that don't match pattern.
|
|
prefix_len = len(self._make_child_relpath('_')._lines) - 1
|
|
match = _compile_pattern_lines(path_pattern._lines, case_sensitive).match
|
|
paths = (path for path in paths if match(path._lines[prefix_len:]))
|
|
return paths
|
|
|
|
dir_only = part_idx < len(pattern_parts)
|
|
paths = _select_recursive(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks)
|
|
if deduplicate_paths:
|
|
# De-duplicate if we've already seen a '**' component.
|
|
paths = _select_unique(paths)
|
|
deduplicate_paths = True
|
|
elif '**' in part:
|
|
raise ValueError("Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component")
|
|
else:
|
|
dir_only = part_idx < len(pattern_parts)
|
|
match = _compile_pattern(part, case_sensitive)
|
|
paths = _select_children(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks, match)
|
|
return paths
|
|
|
|
def walk(self, top_down=True, on_error=None, follow_symlinks=False):
|
|
"""Walk the directory tree from this directory, similar to os.walk()."""
|
|
sys.audit("pathlib.Path.walk", self, on_error, follow_symlinks)
|
|
paths = [self]
|
|
|
|
while paths:
|
|
path = paths.pop()
|
|
if isinstance(path, tuple):
|
|
yield path
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
# We may not have read permission for self, in which case we can't
|
|
# get a list of the files the directory contains. os.walk()
|
|
# always suppressed the exception in that instance, rather than
|
|
# blow up for a minor reason when (say) a thousand readable
|
|
# directories are still left to visit. That logic is copied here.
|
|
try:
|
|
scandir_obj = path._scandir()
|
|
except OSError as error:
|
|
if on_error is not None:
|
|
on_error(error)
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
with scandir_obj as scandir_it:
|
|
dirnames = []
|
|
filenames = []
|
|
for entry in scandir_it:
|
|
try:
|
|
is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Carried over from os.path.isdir().
|
|
is_dir = False
|
|
|
|
if is_dir:
|
|
dirnames.append(entry.name)
|
|
else:
|
|
filenames.append(entry.name)
|
|
|
|
if top_down:
|
|
yield path, dirnames, filenames
|
|
else:
|
|
paths.append((path, dirnames, filenames))
|
|
|
|
paths += [path._make_child_relpath(d) for d in reversed(dirnames)]
|
|
|
|
def absolute(self):
|
|
"""Return an absolute version of this path
|
|
No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.
|
|
|
|
Use resolve() to resolve symlinks and remove '..' segments.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("absolute")
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def cwd(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""
|
|
# We call 'absolute()' rather than using 'os.getcwd()' directly to
|
|
# enable users to replace the implementation of 'absolute()' in a
|
|
# subclass and benefit from the new behaviour here. This works because
|
|
# os.path.abspath('.') == os.getcwd().
|
|
return cls().absolute()
|
|
|
|
def expanduser(self):
|
|
""" Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
|
|
(as returned by os.path.expanduser)
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("expanduser")
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def home(cls):
|
|
"""Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').
|
|
"""
|
|
return cls("~").expanduser()
|
|
|
|
def readlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("readlink")
|
|
readlink._supported = False
|
|
|
|
def _split_stack(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Split the path into a 2-tuple (anchor, parts), where *anchor* is the
|
|
uppermost parent of the path (equivalent to path.parents[-1]), and
|
|
*parts* is a reversed list of parts following the anchor.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root, []), self._tail[::-1]
|
|
|
|
def resolve(self, strict=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
|
|
normalizing it.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self._resolving:
|
|
return self
|
|
try:
|
|
path = self.absolute()
|
|
except UnsupportedOperation:
|
|
path = self
|
|
|
|
# If the user has *not* overridden the `readlink()` method, then symlinks are unsupported
|
|
# and (in non-strict mode) we can improve performance by not calling `stat()`.
|
|
querying = strict or getattr(self.readlink, '_supported', True)
|
|
link_count = 0
|
|
stat_cache = {}
|
|
target_cache = {}
|
|
path, parts = path._split_stack()
|
|
while parts:
|
|
part = parts.pop()
|
|
if part == '..':
|
|
if not path._tail:
|
|
if path.root:
|
|
# Delete '..' segment immediately following root
|
|
continue
|
|
elif path._tail[-1] != '..':
|
|
# Delete '..' segment and its predecessor
|
|
path = path.parent
|
|
continue
|
|
# Join the current part onto the path.
|
|
path_parent = path
|
|
path = path._make_child_relpath(part)
|
|
if querying and part != '..':
|
|
path._resolving = True
|
|
try:
|
|
st = stat_cache.get(path)
|
|
if st is None:
|
|
st = stat_cache[path] = path.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
if S_ISLNK(st.st_mode):
|
|
# Like Linux and macOS, raise OSError(errno.ELOOP) if too many symlinks are
|
|
# encountered during resolution.
|
|
link_count += 1
|
|
if link_count >= _MAX_SYMLINKS:
|
|
raise OSError(ELOOP, "Too many symbolic links in path", str(path))
|
|
target = target_cache.get(path)
|
|
if target is None:
|
|
target = target_cache[path] = path.readlink()
|
|
target, target_parts = target._split_stack()
|
|
# If the symlink target is absolute (like '/etc/hosts'), set the current
|
|
# path to its uppermost parent (like '/'). If not, the symlink target is
|
|
# relative to the symlink parent, which we recorded earlier.
|
|
path = target if target.root else path_parent
|
|
# Add the symlink target's reversed tail parts (like ['hosts', 'etc']) to
|
|
# the stack of unresolved path parts.
|
|
parts.extend(target_parts)
|
|
elif parts and not S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
|
|
raise NotADirectoryError(ENOTDIR, "Not a directory", str(path))
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
if strict:
|
|
raise
|
|
else:
|
|
querying = False
|
|
path._resolving = False
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
|
|
Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("symlink_to")
|
|
|
|
def hardlink_to(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
|
|
|
|
Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("hardlink_to")
|
|
|
|
def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("touch")
|
|
|
|
def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create a new directory at this given path.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("mkdir")
|
|
|
|
def rename(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("rename")
|
|
|
|
def replace(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("replace")
|
|
|
|
def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("chmod")
|
|
|
|
def lchmod(self, mode):
|
|
"""
|
|
Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
|
|
permissions are changed, rather than its target's.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)
|
|
|
|
def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this file or link.
|
|
If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("unlink")
|
|
|
|
def rmdir(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("rmdir")
|
|
|
|
def owner(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the login name of the file owner.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("owner")
|
|
|
|
def group(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the group name of the file gid.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._unsupported("group")
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def from_uri(cls, uri):
|
|
"""Return a new path from the given 'file' URI."""
|
|
cls._unsupported("from_uri")
|
|
|
|
def as_uri(self):
|
|
"""Return the path as a URI."""
|
|
self._unsupported("as_uri")
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Path(_PathBase):
|
|
"""PurePath subclass that can make system calls.
|
|
|
|
Path represents a filesystem path but unlike PurePath, also offers
|
|
methods to do system calls on path objects. Depending on your system,
|
|
instantiating a Path will return either a PosixPath or a WindowsPath
|
|
object. You can also instantiate a PosixPath or WindowsPath directly,
|
|
but cannot instantiate a WindowsPath on a POSIX system or vice versa.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
__bytes__ = PurePath.__bytes__
|
|
__fspath__ = PurePath.__fspath__
|
|
as_uri = PurePath.as_uri
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
if kwargs:
|
|
msg = ("support for supplying keyword arguments to pathlib.PurePath "
|
|
"is deprecated and scheduled for removal in Python {remove}")
|
|
warnings._deprecated("pathlib.PurePath(**kwargs)", msg, remove=(3, 14))
|
|
super().__init__(*args)
|
|
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
if cls is Path:
|
|
cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath
|
|
return object.__new__(cls)
|
|
|
|
def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
|
|
os.stat() does.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.stat(self, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def is_mount(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Check if this path is a mount point
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.path.ismount(self)
|
|
|
|
def is_junction(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Whether this path is a junction.
|
|
"""
|
|
return os.path.isjunction(self)
|
|
|
|
def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
|
|
errors=None, newline=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as
|
|
the built-in open() function does.
|
|
"""
|
|
if "b" not in mode:
|
|
encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
|
|
return io.open(self, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline)
|
|
|
|
def iterdir(self):
|
|
"""Yield path objects of the directory contents.
|
|
|
|
The children are yielded in arbitrary order, and the
|
|
special entries '.' and '..' are not included.
|
|
"""
|
|
return (self._make_child_relpath(name) for name in os.listdir(self))
|
|
|
|
def _scandir(self):
|
|
return os.scandir(self)
|
|
|
|
def absolute(self):
|
|
"""Return an absolute version of this path
|
|
No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.
|
|
|
|
Use resolve() to resolve symlinks and remove '..' segments.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.is_absolute():
|
|
return self
|
|
elif self.drive:
|
|
# There is a CWD on each drive-letter drive.
|
|
cwd = os.path.abspath(self.drive)
|
|
else:
|
|
cwd = os.getcwd()
|
|
# Fast path for "empty" paths, e.g. Path("."), Path("") or Path().
|
|
# We pass only one argument to with_segments() to avoid the cost
|
|
# of joining, and we exploit the fact that getcwd() returns a
|
|
# fully-normalized string by storing it in _str. This is used to
|
|
# implement Path.cwd().
|
|
if not self.root and not self._tail:
|
|
result = self.with_segments(cwd)
|
|
result._str = cwd
|
|
return result
|
|
return self.with_segments(cwd, self)
|
|
|
|
def resolve(self, strict=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
|
|
normalizing it.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
return self.with_segments(os.path.realpath(self, strict=strict))
|
|
|
|
if pwd:
|
|
def owner(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the login name of the file owner.
|
|
"""
|
|
return pwd.getpwuid(self.stat().st_uid).pw_name
|
|
|
|
if grp:
|
|
def group(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the group name of the file gid.
|
|
"""
|
|
return grp.getgrgid(self.stat().st_gid).gr_name
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "readlink"):
|
|
def readlink(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.with_segments(os.readlink(self))
|
|
|
|
def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
if exist_ok:
|
|
# First try to bump modification time
|
|
# Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of
|
|
# the utimensat() / futimens() functions.
|
|
try:
|
|
os.utime(self, None)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Avoid exception chaining
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
return
|
|
flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
|
|
if not exist_ok:
|
|
flags |= os.O_EXCL
|
|
fd = os.open(self, flags, mode)
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
|
|
def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Create a new directory at this given path.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.mkdir(self, mode)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not parents or self.parent == self:
|
|
raise
|
|
self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system
|
|
# could give priority to other errors like EACCES or EROFS
|
|
if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
|
|
"""
|
|
Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
|
|
"""
|
|
os.chmod(self, mode, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
|
|
|
|
def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this file or link.
|
|
If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
os.unlink(self)
|
|
except FileNotFoundError:
|
|
if not missing_ok:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def rmdir(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rmdir(self)
|
|
|
|
def rename(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.rename(self, target)
|
|
return self.with_segments(target)
|
|
|
|
def replace(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.
|
|
|
|
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
|
|
interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
|
|
directory of the Path object.
|
|
|
|
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.replace(self, target)
|
|
return self.with_segments(target)
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "symlink"):
|
|
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
|
|
Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(os, "link"):
|
|
def hardlink_to(self, target):
|
|
"""
|
|
Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.
|
|
|
|
Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
|
|
"""
|
|
os.link(target, self)
|
|
|
|
def expanduser(self):
|
|
""" Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
|
|
(as returned by os.path.expanduser)
|
|
"""
|
|
if (not (self.drive or self.root) and
|
|
self._tail and self._tail[0][:1] == '~'):
|
|
homedir = os.path.expanduser(self._tail[0])
|
|
if homedir[:1] == "~":
|
|
raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
|
|
drv, root, tail = self._parse_path(homedir)
|
|
return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail + self._tail[1:])
|
|
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def from_uri(cls, uri):
|
|
"""Return a new path from the given 'file' URI."""
|
|
if not uri.startswith('file:'):
|
|
raise ValueError(f"URI does not start with 'file:': {uri!r}")
|
|
path = uri[5:]
|
|
if path[:3] == '///':
|
|
# Remove empty authority
|
|
path = path[2:]
|
|
elif path[:12] == '//localhost/':
|
|
# Remove 'localhost' authority
|
|
path = path[11:]
|
|
if path[:3] == '///' or (path[:1] == '/' and path[2:3] in ':|'):
|
|
# Remove slash before DOS device/UNC path
|
|
path = path[1:]
|
|
if path[1:2] == '|':
|
|
# Replace bar with colon in DOS drive
|
|
path = path[:1] + ':' + path[2:]
|
|
from urllib.parse import unquote_to_bytes
|
|
path = cls(os.fsdecode(unquote_to_bytes(path)))
|
|
if not path.is_absolute():
|
|
raise ValueError(f"URI is not absolute: {uri!r}")
|
|
return path
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a POSIX system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
if os.name == 'nt':
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(
|
|
f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")
|
|
|
|
class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath):
|
|
"""Path subclass for Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
On a Windows system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
__slots__ = ()
|
|
|
|
if os.name != 'nt':
|
|
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
raise UnsupportedOperation(
|
|
f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")
|