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3abf6f0102
Added an invalidate_caches() method to the zipimport.zipimporter class based on the implementation of importlib.FileFinder.invalidate_caches(). This was done by adding a get_files() method and an _archive_mtime attribute to zipimport.zipimporter to check for updates or cache invalidation whenever the cache of files and toc entry information in the zipimporter is accessed.
219 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
219 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives
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=====================================================
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.. module:: zipimport
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:synopsis: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.
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.. moduleauthor:: Just van Rossum <just@letterror.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zipimport.py`
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--------------
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This module adds the ability to import Python modules (:file:`\*.py`,
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:file:`\*.pyc`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not
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needed to use the :mod:`zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used
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by the built-in :keyword:`import` mechanism for :data:`sys.path` items that are paths
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to ZIP archives.
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Typically, :data:`sys.path` is a list of directory names as strings. This module
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also allows an item of :data:`sys.path` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive.
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The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports,
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and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a
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subdirectory. For example, the path :file:`example.zip/lib/` would only
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import from the :file:`lib/` subdirectory within the archive.
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Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but only files :file:`.py` and
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:file:`.pyc` are available for import. ZIP import of dynamic modules
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(:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains
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:file:`.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the
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corresponding :file:`.pyc` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive
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doesn't contain :file:`.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported.
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.. seealso::
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`PKZIP Application Note <https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_
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Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
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algorithms used.
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:pep:`273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives
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Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3
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follows the specification in :pep:`273`, but uses an implementation written by Just
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van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in :pep:`302`.
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:mod:`importlib` - The implementation of the import machinery
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Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to
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implement.
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This module defines an exception:
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.. exception:: ZipImportError
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Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It's a subclass of :exc:`ImportError`,
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so it can be caught as :exc:`ImportError`, too.
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.. _zipimporter-objects:
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zipimporter Objects
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-------------------
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:class:`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files.
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.. class:: zipimporter(archivepath)
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Create a new zipimporter instance. *archivepath* must be a path to a ZIP
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file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an *archivepath*
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of :file:`foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules in the :file:`lib` directory
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inside the ZIP file :file:`foo/bar.zip` (provided that it exists).
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:exc:`ZipImportError` is raised if *archivepath* doesn't point to a valid ZIP
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archive.
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.. method:: create_module(spec)
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Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` that returns
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:const:`None` to explicitly request the default semantics.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: exec_module(module)
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Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: find_loader(fullname, path=None)
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An implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader`.
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.. deprecated:: 3.10
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Use :meth:`find_spec` instead.
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.. method:: find_module(fullname, path=None)
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Search for a module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully
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qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the zipimporter instance itself
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if the module was found, or :const:`None` if it wasn't. The optional
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*path* argument is ignored---it's there for compatibility with the
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importer protocol.
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.. deprecated:: 3.10
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Use :meth:`find_spec` instead.
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.. method:: find_spec(fullname, target=None)
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An implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. method:: get_code(fullname)
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Return the code object for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be imported.
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.. method:: get_data(pathname)
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Return the data associated with *pathname*. Raise :exc:`OSError` if the
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file wasn't found.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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:exc:`IOError` used to be raised instead of :exc:`OSError`.
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.. method:: get_filename(fullname)
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Return the value ``__file__`` would be set to if the specified module
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was imported. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be
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imported.
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.. versionadded:: 3.1
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.. method:: get_source(fullname)
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Return the source code for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found, return
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:const:`None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source
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for it.
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.. method:: is_package(fullname)
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Return ``True`` if the module specified by *fullname* is a package. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found.
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.. method:: load_module(fullname)
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Load the module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully
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qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success,
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raises :exc:`ZipImportError` on failure.
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.. deprecated:: 3.10
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Use :meth:`exec_module` instead.
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.. method:: invalidate_caches()
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Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within
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the ZIP archive.
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.. versionadded:: 3.10
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.. attribute:: archive
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The file name of the importer's associated ZIP file, without a possible
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subpath.
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.. attribute:: prefix
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The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the
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empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP
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file.
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The :attr:`archive` and :attr:`prefix` attributes, when combined with a
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slash, equal the original *archivepath* argument given to the
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:class:`zipimporter` constructor.
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.. _zipimport-examples:
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Examples
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--------
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Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the
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:mod:`zipimport` module is not explicitly used.
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.. code-block:: shell-session
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$ unzip -l example.zip
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Archive: example.zip
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Length Date Time Name
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-------- ---- ---- ----
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8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py
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-------- -------
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8467 1 file
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$ ./python
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Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
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>>> import sys
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>>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path
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>>> import jwzthreading
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>>> jwzthreading.__file__
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'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'
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