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584 lines
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ReStructuredText
584 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`tkinter.tix` --- Extension widgets for Tk
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===============================================
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.. module:: tkinter.tix
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:synopsis: Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter
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.. sectionauthor:: Mike Clarkson <mikeclarkson@users.sourceforge.net>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/tix.py`
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.. index:: single: Tix
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.. deprecated:: 3.6
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This Tk extension is unmaintained and should not be used in new code. Use
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:mod:`tkinter.ttk` instead.
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--------------
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The :mod:`tkinter.tix` (Tk Interface Extension) module provides an additional
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rich set of widgets. Although the standard Tk library has many useful widgets,
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they are far from complete. The :mod:`tkinter.tix` library provides most of the
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commonly needed widgets that are missing from standard Tk: :class:`HList`,
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:class:`ComboBox`, :class:`Control` (a.k.a. SpinBox) and an assortment of
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scrollable widgets.
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:mod:`tkinter.tix` also includes many more widgets that are generally useful in
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a wide range of applications: :class:`NoteBook`, :class:`FileEntry`,
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:class:`PanedWindow`, etc; there are more than 40 of them.
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With all these new widgets, you can introduce new interaction techniques into
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applications, creating more useful and more intuitive user interfaces. You can
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design your application by choosing the most appropriate widgets to match the
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special needs of your application and users.
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.. seealso::
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`Tix Homepage <http://tix.sourceforge.net/>`_
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The home page for :mod:`Tix`. This includes links to additional documentation
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and downloads.
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`Tix Man Pages <http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/>`_
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On-line version of the man pages and reference material.
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`Tix Programming Guide <http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/docs/tix-book/tix.book.html>`_
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On-line version of the programmer's reference material.
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`Tix Development Applications <http://tix.sourceforge.net/Tixapps/src/Tide.html>`_
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Tix applications for development of Tix and Tkinter programs. Tide applications
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work under Tk or Tkinter, and include :program:`TixInspect`, an inspector to
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remotely modify and debug Tix/Tk/Tkinter applications.
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Using Tix
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---------
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.. class:: Tk(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tix')
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Toplevel widget of Tix which represents mostly the main window of an
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application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter.
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Classes in the :mod:`tkinter.tix` module subclasses the classes in the
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:mod:`tkinter`. The former imports the latter, so to use :mod:`tkinter.tix`
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with Tkinter, all you need to do is to import one module. In general, you
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can just import :mod:`tkinter.tix`, and replace the toplevel call to
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:class:`tkinter.Tk` with :class:`tix.Tk`::
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from tkinter import tix
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from tkinter.constants import *
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root = tix.Tk()
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To use :mod:`tkinter.tix`, you must have the Tix widgets installed, usually
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alongside your installation of the Tk widgets. To test your installation, try
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the following::
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from tkinter import tix
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root = tix.Tk()
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root.tk.eval('package require Tix')
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Tix Widgets
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-----------
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`Tix <http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/TixIntro.htm>`_
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introduces over 40 widget classes to the :mod:`tkinter` repertoire.
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Basic Widgets
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: Balloon()
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A `Balloon
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixBalloon.htm>`_ that
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pops up over a widget to provide help. When the user moves the cursor inside a
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widget to which a Balloon widget has been bound, a small pop-up window with a
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descriptive message will be shown on the screen.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Balloon}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Balloon.tcl}
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.. class:: ButtonBox()
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The `ButtonBox
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixButtonBox.htm>`_
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widget creates a box of buttons, such as is commonly used for ``Ok Cancel``.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ButtonBox}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/BtnBox.tcl}
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.. class:: ComboBox()
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The `ComboBox
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixComboBox.htm>`_
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widget is similar to the combo box control in MS Windows. The user can select a
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choice by either typing in the entry subwidget or selecting from the listbox
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subwidget.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ComboBox}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/ComboBox.tcl}
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.. class:: Control()
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The `Control
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixControl.htm>`_
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widget is also known as the :class:`SpinBox` widget. The user can adjust the
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value by pressing the two arrow buttons or by entering the value directly into
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the entry. The new value will be checked against the user-defined upper and
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lower limits.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Control}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Control.tcl}
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.. class:: LabelEntry()
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The `LabelEntry
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixLabelEntry.htm>`_
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widget packages an entry widget and a label into one mega widget. It can
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be used to simplify the creation of "entry-form" type of interface.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{LabelEntry}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/LabEntry.tcl}
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.. class:: LabelFrame()
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The `LabelFrame
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixLabelFrame.htm>`_
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widget packages a frame widget and a label into one mega widget. To create
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widgets inside a LabelFrame widget, one creates the new widgets relative to the
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:attr:`frame` subwidget and manage them inside the :attr:`frame` subwidget.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{LabelFrame}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/LabFrame.tcl}
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.. class:: Meter()
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The `Meter
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixMeter.htm>`_ widget
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can be used to show the progress of a background job which may take a long time
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to execute.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Meter}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Meter.tcl}
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.. class:: OptionMenu()
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The `OptionMenu
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixOptionMenu.htm>`_
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creates a menu button of options.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{OptionMenu}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/OptMenu.tcl}
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.. class:: PopupMenu()
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The `PopupMenu
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixPopupMenu.htm>`_
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widget can be used as a replacement of the ``tk_popup`` command. The advantage
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of the :mod:`Tix` :class:`PopupMenu` widget is it requires less application code
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to manipulate.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{PopupMenu}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/PopMenu.tcl}
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.. class:: Select()
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The `Select
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixSelect.htm>`_ widget
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is a container of button subwidgets. It can be used to provide radio-box or
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check-box style of selection options for the user.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Select}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Select.tcl}
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.. class:: StdButtonBox()
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The `StdButtonBox
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixStdButtonBox.htm>`_
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widget is a group of standard buttons for Motif-like dialog boxes.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{StdButtonBox}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/StdBBox.tcl}
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File Selectors
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: DirList()
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The `DirList
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixDirList.htm>`_
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widget displays a list view of a directory, its previous directories and its
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sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the
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list or change to another directory.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{DirList}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/DirList.tcl}
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.. class:: DirTree()
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The `DirTree
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixDirTree.htm>`_
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widget displays a tree view of a directory, its previous directories and its
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sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the
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list or change to another directory.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{DirTree}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/DirTree.tcl}
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.. class:: DirSelectDialog()
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The `DirSelectDialog
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixDirSelectDialog.htm>`_
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widget presents the directories in the file system in a dialog window. The user
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can use this dialog window to navigate through the file system to select the
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desired directory.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{DirSelectDialog}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/DirDlg.tcl}
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.. class:: DirSelectBox()
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The :class:`DirSelectBox` is similar to the standard Motif(TM)
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directory-selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a
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directory. DirSelectBox stores the directories mostly recently selected into
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a ComboBox widget so that they can be quickly selected again.
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.. class:: ExFileSelectBox()
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The `ExFileSelectBox
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixExFileSelectBox.htm>`_
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widget is usually embedded in a tixExFileSelectDialog widget. It provides a
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convenient method for the user to select files. The style of the
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:class:`ExFileSelectBox` widget is very similar to the standard file dialog on
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MS Windows 3.1.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ExFileSelectDialog}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/EFileDlg.tcl}
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.. class:: FileSelectBox()
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The `FileSelectBox
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixFileSelectBox.htm>`_
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is similar to the standard Motif(TM) file-selection box. It is generally used
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for the user to choose a file. FileSelectBox stores the files mostly recently
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selected into a :class:`ComboBox` widget so that they can be quickly selected
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again.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{FileSelectDialog}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/FileDlg.tcl}
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.. class:: FileEntry()
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The `FileEntry
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixFileEntry.htm>`_
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widget can be used to input a filename. The user can type in the filename
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manually. Alternatively, the user can press the button widget that sits next to
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the entry, which will bring up a file selection dialog.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{FileEntry}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/FileEnt.tcl}
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Hierarchical ListBox
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: HList()
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The `HList
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixHList.htm>`_ widget
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can be used to display any data that have a hierarchical structure, for example,
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file system directory trees. The list entries are indented and connected by
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branch lines according to their places in the hierarchy.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{HList}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/HList1.tcl}
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.. class:: CheckList()
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The `CheckList
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixCheckList.htm>`_
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widget displays a list of items to be selected by the user. CheckList acts
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similarly to the Tk checkbutton or radiobutton widgets, except it is capable of
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handling many more items than checkbuttons or radiobuttons.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ CheckList}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/ChkList.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledHList (1)}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SHList.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledHList (2)}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SHList2.tcl}
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.. class:: Tree()
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The `Tree
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixTree.htm>`_ widget
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can be used to display hierarchical data in a tree form. The user can adjust the
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view of the tree by opening or closing parts of the tree.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Tree}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Tree.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Tree (Dynamic)}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/DynTree.tcl}
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Tabular ListBox
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: TList()
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The `TList
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixTList.htm>`_ widget
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can be used to display data in a tabular format. The list entries of a
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:class:`TList` widget are similar to the entries in the Tk listbox widget. The
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main differences are (1) the :class:`TList` widget can display the list entries
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in a two dimensional format and (2) you can use graphical images as well as
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multiple colors and fonts for the list entries.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledTList (1)}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/STList1.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledTList (2)}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/STList2.tcl}
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.. Grid has yet to be added to Python
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.. \subsubsection{Grid Widget}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Simple Grid}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SGrid0.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledGrid}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SGrid1.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Editable Grid}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/EditGrid.tcl}
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Manager Widgets
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: PanedWindow()
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The `PanedWindow
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixPanedWindow.htm>`_
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widget allows the user to interactively manipulate the sizes of several panes.
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The panes can be arranged either vertically or horizontally. The user changes
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the sizes of the panes by dragging the resize handle between two panes.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{PanedWindow}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/PanedWin.tcl}
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.. class:: ListNoteBook()
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The `ListNoteBook
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixListNoteBook.htm>`_
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widget is very similar to the :class:`TixNoteBook` widget: it can be used to
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display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The notebook
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is divided into a stack of pages (windows). At one time only one of these pages
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can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing the name of
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the desired page in the :attr:`hlist` subwidget.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ListNoteBook}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/ListNBK.tcl}
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.. class:: NoteBook()
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The `NoteBook
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixNoteBook.htm>`_
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widget can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook
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metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages. At one time only one of
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these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing
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the visual "tabs" at the top of the NoteBook widget.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{NoteBook}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/NoteBook.tcl}
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.. \subsubsection{Scrolled Widgets}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledListBox}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SListBox.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledText}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SText.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{ScrolledWindow}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/SWindow.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Canvas Object View}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/CObjView.tcl}
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Image Types
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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The :mod:`tkinter.tix` module adds:
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* `pixmap <http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/pixmap.htm>`_
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capabilities to all :mod:`tkinter.tix` and :mod:`tkinter` widgets to create
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color images from XPM files.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{XPM Image In Button}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Xpm.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{XPM Image In Menu}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/Xpm1.tcl}
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* `Compound
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/compound.htm>`_ image
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types can be used to create images that consists of multiple horizontal lines;
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each line is composed of a series of items (texts, bitmaps, images or spaces)
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arranged from left to right. For example, a compound image can be used to
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display a bitmap and a text string simultaneously in a Tk :class:`Button`
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widget.
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Compound Image In Buttons}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/CmpImg.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Compound Image In NoteBook}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/CmpImg2.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Compound Image Notebook Color Tabs}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/CmpImg4.tcl}
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.. Python Demo of:
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.. \ulink{Compound Image Icons}{http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/demos/samples/CmpImg3.tcl}
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Miscellaneous Widgets
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: InputOnly()
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The `InputOnly
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixInputOnly.htm>`_
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widgets are to accept inputs from the user, which can be done with the ``bind``
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command (Unix only).
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Form Geometry Manager
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In addition, :mod:`tkinter.tix` augments :mod:`tkinter` by providing:
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.. class:: Form()
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The `Form
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tixForm.htm>`_ geometry
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manager based on attachment rules for all Tk widgets.
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Tix Commands
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------------
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.. class:: tixCommand()
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The `tix commands
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<http://tix.sourceforge.net/dist/current/man/html/TixCmd/tix.htm>`_ provide
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access to miscellaneous elements of :mod:`Tix`'s internal state and the
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:mod:`Tix` application context. Most of the information manipulated by these
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methods pertains to the application as a whole, or to a screen or display,
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rather than to a particular window.
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To view the current settings, the common usage is::
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from tkinter import tix
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root = tix.Tk()
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print(root.tix_configure())
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_configure(cnf=None, **kw)
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Query or modify the configuration options of the Tix application context. If no
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option is specified, returns a dictionary all of the available options. If
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option is specified with no value, then the method returns a list describing the
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one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding sublist of
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the value returned if no option is specified). If one or more option-value
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pairs are specified, then the method modifies the given option(s) to have the
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given value(s); in this case the method returns an empty string. Option may be
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any of the configuration options.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_cget(option)
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Returns the current value of the configuration option given by *option*. Option
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may be any of the configuration options.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_getbitmap(name)
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Locates a bitmap file of the name ``name.xpm`` or ``name`` in one of the bitmap
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directories (see the :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method). By using
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:meth:`tix_getbitmap`, you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the bitmap
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files in your application. When successful, it returns the complete pathname of
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the bitmap file, prefixed with the character ``@``. The returned value can be
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used to configure the ``bitmap`` option of the Tk and Tix widgets.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_addbitmapdir(directory)
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Tix maintains a list of directories under which the :meth:`tix_getimage` and
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:meth:`tix_getbitmap` methods will search for image files. The standard bitmap
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directory is :file:`$TIX_LIBRARY/bitmaps`. The :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method
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adds *directory* into this list. By using this method, the image files of an
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applications can also be located using the :meth:`tix_getimage` or
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:meth:`tix_getbitmap` method.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_filedialog([dlgclass])
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Returns the file selection dialog that may be shared among different calls from
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this application. This method will create a file selection dialog widget when
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it is called the first time. This dialog will be returned by all subsequent
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calls to :meth:`tix_filedialog`. An optional dlgclass parameter can be passed
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as a string to specified what type of file selection dialog widget is desired.
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Possible options are ``tix``, ``FileSelectDialog`` or ``tixExFileSelectDialog``.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_getimage(self, name)
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Locates an image file of the name :file:`name.xpm`, :file:`name.xbm` or
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:file:`name.ppm` in one of the bitmap directories (see the
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:meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method above). If more than one file with the same name
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(but different extensions) exist, then the image type is chosen according to the
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depth of the X display: xbm images are chosen on monochrome displays and color
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images are chosen on color displays. By using :meth:`tix_getimage`, you can
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avoid hard coding the pathnames of the image files in your application. When
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successful, this method returns the name of the newly created image, which can
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be used to configure the ``image`` option of the Tk and Tix widgets.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_option_get(name)
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Gets the options maintained by the Tix scheme mechanism.
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.. method:: tixCommand.tix_resetoptions(newScheme, newFontSet[, newScmPrio])
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Resets the scheme and fontset of the Tix application to *newScheme* and
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*newFontSet*, respectively. This affects only those widgets created after this
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call. Therefore, it is best to call the resetoptions method before the creation
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of any widgets in a Tix application.
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The optional parameter *newScmPrio* can be given to reset the priority level of
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the Tk options set by the Tix schemes.
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Because of the way Tk handles the X option database, after Tix has been has
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imported and inited, it is not possible to reset the color schemes and font sets
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using the :meth:`tix_config` method. Instead, the :meth:`tix_resetoptions`
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method must be used.
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