mirror of
https://github.com/python/cpython.git
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789 lines
27 KiB
Python
789 lines
27 KiB
Python
"""Utilities for with-statement contexts. See PEP 343."""
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import abc
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import os
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import sys
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import _collections_abc
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from collections import deque
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from functools import wraps
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from types import MethodType, GenericAlias
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__all__ = ["asynccontextmanager", "contextmanager", "closing", "nullcontext",
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"AbstractContextManager", "AbstractAsyncContextManager",
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"AsyncExitStack", "ContextDecorator", "ExitStack",
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"redirect_stdout", "redirect_stderr", "suppress", "aclosing",
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"chdir"]
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class AbstractContextManager(abc.ABC):
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"""An abstract base class for context managers."""
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__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
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def __enter__(self):
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"""Return `self` upon entering the runtime context."""
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return self
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@abc.abstractmethod
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
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"""Raise any exception triggered within the runtime context."""
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return None
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@classmethod
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def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
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if cls is AbstractContextManager:
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return _collections_abc._check_methods(C, "__enter__", "__exit__")
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return NotImplemented
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class AbstractAsyncContextManager(abc.ABC):
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"""An abstract base class for asynchronous context managers."""
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__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
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async def __aenter__(self):
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"""Return `self` upon entering the runtime context."""
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return self
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@abc.abstractmethod
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async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
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"""Raise any exception triggered within the runtime context."""
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return None
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@classmethod
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def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
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if cls is AbstractAsyncContextManager:
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return _collections_abc._check_methods(C, "__aenter__",
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"__aexit__")
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return NotImplemented
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class ContextDecorator(object):
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"A base class or mixin that enables context managers to work as decorators."
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def _recreate_cm(self):
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"""Return a recreated instance of self.
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Allows an otherwise one-shot context manager like
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_GeneratorContextManager to support use as
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a decorator via implicit recreation.
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This is a private interface just for _GeneratorContextManager.
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See issue #11647 for details.
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"""
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return self
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def __call__(self, func):
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@wraps(func)
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def inner(*args, **kwds):
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with self._recreate_cm():
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return func(*args, **kwds)
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return inner
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class AsyncContextDecorator(object):
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"A base class or mixin that enables async context managers to work as decorators."
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def _recreate_cm(self):
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"""Return a recreated instance of self.
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"""
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return self
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def __call__(self, func):
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@wraps(func)
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async def inner(*args, **kwds):
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async with self._recreate_cm():
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return await func(*args, **kwds)
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return inner
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class _GeneratorContextManagerBase:
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"""Shared functionality for @contextmanager and @asynccontextmanager."""
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def __init__(self, func, args, kwds):
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self.gen = func(*args, **kwds)
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self.func, self.args, self.kwds = func, args, kwds
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# Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
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doc = getattr(func, "__doc__", None)
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if doc is None:
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doc = type(self).__doc__
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self.__doc__ = doc
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# Unfortunately, this still doesn't provide good help output when
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# inspecting the created context manager instances, since pydoc
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# currently bypasses the instance docstring and shows the docstring
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# for the class instead.
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# See http://bugs.python.org/issue19404 for more details.
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def _recreate_cm(self):
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# _GCMB instances are one-shot context managers, so the
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# CM must be recreated each time a decorated function is
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# called
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return self.__class__(self.func, self.args, self.kwds)
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class _GeneratorContextManager(
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_GeneratorContextManagerBase,
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AbstractContextManager,
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ContextDecorator,
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):
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"""Helper for @contextmanager decorator."""
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def __enter__(self):
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# do not keep args and kwds alive unnecessarily
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# they are only needed for recreation, which is not possible anymore
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del self.args, self.kwds, self.func
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try:
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return next(self.gen)
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except StopIteration:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") from None
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def __exit__(self, typ, value, traceback):
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if typ is None:
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try:
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next(self.gen)
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except StopIteration:
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return False
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else:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop")
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else:
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if value is None:
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# Need to force instantiation so we can reliably
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# tell if we get the same exception back
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value = typ()
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try:
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self.gen.throw(value)
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except StopIteration as exc:
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# Suppress StopIteration *unless* it's the same exception that
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# was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration
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# raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed.
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return exc is not value
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except RuntimeError as exc:
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# Don't re-raise the passed in exception. (issue27122)
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if exc is value:
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exc.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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# Avoid suppressing if a StopIteration exception
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# was passed to throw() and later wrapped into a RuntimeError
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# (see PEP 479 for sync generators; async generators also
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# have this behavior). But do this only if the exception wrapped
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# by the RuntimeError is actually Stop(Async)Iteration (see
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# issue29692).
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if (
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isinstance(value, StopIteration)
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and exc.__cause__ is value
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):
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value.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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raise
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except BaseException as exc:
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# only re-raise if it's *not* the exception that was
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# passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise
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# an exception unless __exit__() itself failed. But throw()
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# has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this
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# fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol
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# and the __exit__() protocol.
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if exc is not value:
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raise
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exc.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after throw()")
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class _AsyncGeneratorContextManager(
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_GeneratorContextManagerBase,
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AbstractAsyncContextManager,
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AsyncContextDecorator,
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):
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"""Helper for @asynccontextmanager decorator."""
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async def __aenter__(self):
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# do not keep args and kwds alive unnecessarily
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# they are only needed for recreation, which is not possible anymore
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del self.args, self.kwds, self.func
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try:
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return await anext(self.gen)
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except StopAsyncIteration:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") from None
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async def __aexit__(self, typ, value, traceback):
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if typ is None:
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try:
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await anext(self.gen)
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except StopAsyncIteration:
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return False
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else:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop")
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else:
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if value is None:
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# Need to force instantiation so we can reliably
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# tell if we get the same exception back
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value = typ()
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try:
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await self.gen.athrow(value)
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except StopAsyncIteration as exc:
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# Suppress StopIteration *unless* it's the same exception that
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# was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration
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# raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed.
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return exc is not value
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except RuntimeError as exc:
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# Don't re-raise the passed in exception. (issue27122)
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if exc is value:
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exc.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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# Avoid suppressing if a Stop(Async)Iteration exception
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# was passed to athrow() and later wrapped into a RuntimeError
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# (see PEP 479 for sync generators; async generators also
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# have this behavior). But do this only if the exception wrapped
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# by the RuntimeError is actually Stop(Async)Iteration (see
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# issue29692).
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if (
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isinstance(value, (StopIteration, StopAsyncIteration))
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and exc.__cause__ is value
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):
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value.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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raise
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except BaseException as exc:
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# only re-raise if it's *not* the exception that was
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# passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise
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# an exception unless __exit__() itself failed. But throw()
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# has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this
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# fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol
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# and the __exit__() protocol.
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if exc is not value:
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raise
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exc.__traceback__ = traceback
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return False
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after athrow()")
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def contextmanager(func):
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"""@contextmanager decorator.
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Typical usage:
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@contextmanager
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def some_generator(<arguments>):
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<setup>
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try:
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yield <value>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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This makes this:
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with some_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>:
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<body>
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equivalent to this:
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<setup>
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try:
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<variable> = <value>
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<body>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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"""
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@wraps(func)
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def helper(*args, **kwds):
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return _GeneratorContextManager(func, args, kwds)
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return helper
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def asynccontextmanager(func):
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"""@asynccontextmanager decorator.
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Typical usage:
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@asynccontextmanager
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async def some_async_generator(<arguments>):
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<setup>
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try:
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yield <value>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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This makes this:
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async with some_async_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>:
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<body>
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equivalent to this:
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<setup>
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try:
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<variable> = <value>
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<body>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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"""
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@wraps(func)
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def helper(*args, **kwds):
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return _AsyncGeneratorContextManager(func, args, kwds)
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return helper
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class closing(AbstractContextManager):
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"""Context to automatically close something at the end of a block.
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Code like this:
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with closing(<module>.open(<arguments>)) as f:
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<block>
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is equivalent to this:
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f = <module>.open(<arguments>)
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try:
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<block>
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finally:
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f.close()
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"""
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def __init__(self, thing):
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self.thing = thing
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def __enter__(self):
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return self.thing
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def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
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self.thing.close()
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class aclosing(AbstractAsyncContextManager):
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"""Async context manager for safely finalizing an asynchronously cleaned-up
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resource such as an async generator, calling its ``aclose()`` method.
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Code like this:
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async with aclosing(<module>.fetch(<arguments>)) as agen:
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<block>
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is equivalent to this:
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agen = <module>.fetch(<arguments>)
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try:
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<block>
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finally:
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await agen.aclose()
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"""
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def __init__(self, thing):
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self.thing = thing
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async def __aenter__(self):
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return self.thing
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async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info):
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await self.thing.aclose()
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class _RedirectStream(AbstractContextManager):
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_stream = None
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def __init__(self, new_target):
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self._new_target = new_target
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# We use a list of old targets to make this CM re-entrant
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self._old_targets = []
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def __enter__(self):
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self._old_targets.append(getattr(sys, self._stream))
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setattr(sys, self._stream, self._new_target)
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return self._new_target
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def __exit__(self, exctype, excinst, exctb):
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setattr(sys, self._stream, self._old_targets.pop())
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class redirect_stdout(_RedirectStream):
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"""Context manager for temporarily redirecting stdout to another file.
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# How to send help() to stderr
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with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
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help(dir)
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# How to write help() to a file
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with open('help.txt', 'w') as f:
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with redirect_stdout(f):
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help(pow)
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"""
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_stream = "stdout"
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class redirect_stderr(_RedirectStream):
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"""Context manager for temporarily redirecting stderr to another file."""
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_stream = "stderr"
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class suppress(AbstractContextManager):
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"""Context manager to suppress specified exceptions
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After the exception is suppressed, execution proceeds with the next
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statement following the with statement.
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with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
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os.remove(somefile)
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# Execution still resumes here if the file was already removed
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"""
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def __init__(self, *exceptions):
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self._exceptions = exceptions
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def __enter__(self):
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pass
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def __exit__(self, exctype, excinst, exctb):
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# Unlike isinstance and issubclass, CPython exception handling
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# currently only looks at the concrete type hierarchy (ignoring
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# the instance and subclass checking hooks). While Guido considers
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# that a bug rather than a feature, it's a fairly hard one to fix
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# due to various internal implementation details. suppress provides
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# the simpler issubclass based semantics, rather than trying to
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# exactly reproduce the limitations of the CPython interpreter.
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#
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# See http://bugs.python.org/issue12029 for more details
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if exctype is None:
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return
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if issubclass(exctype, self._exceptions):
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return True
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if issubclass(exctype, ExceptionGroup):
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match, rest = excinst.split(self._exceptions)
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if rest is None:
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return True
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raise rest
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return False
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class _BaseExitStack:
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"""A base class for ExitStack and AsyncExitStack."""
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@staticmethod
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def _create_exit_wrapper(cm, cm_exit):
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return MethodType(cm_exit, cm)
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@staticmethod
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def _create_cb_wrapper(callback, /, *args, **kwds):
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def _exit_wrapper(exc_type, exc, tb):
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callback(*args, **kwds)
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return _exit_wrapper
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def __init__(self):
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self._exit_callbacks = deque()
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def pop_all(self):
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"""Preserve the context stack by transferring it to a new instance."""
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new_stack = type(self)()
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new_stack._exit_callbacks = self._exit_callbacks
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self._exit_callbacks = deque()
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return new_stack
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def push(self, exit):
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"""Registers a callback with the standard __exit__ method signature.
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Can suppress exceptions the same way __exit__ method can.
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Also accepts any object with an __exit__ method (registering a call
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to the method instead of the object itself).
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"""
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# We use an unbound method rather than a bound method to follow
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# the standard lookup behaviour for special methods.
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_cb_type = type(exit)
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try:
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exit_method = _cb_type.__exit__
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except AttributeError:
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# Not a context manager, so assume it's a callable.
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self._push_exit_callback(exit)
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else:
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self._push_cm_exit(exit, exit_method)
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return exit # Allow use as a decorator.
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def enter_context(self, cm):
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"""Enters the supplied context manager.
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If successful, also pushes its __exit__ method as a callback and
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returns the result of the __enter__ method.
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"""
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# We look up the special methods on the type to match the with
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# statement.
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cls = type(cm)
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try:
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_enter = cls.__enter__
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_exit = cls.__exit__
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except AttributeError:
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raise TypeError(f"'{cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__}' object does "
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f"not support the context manager protocol") from None
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result = _enter(cm)
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self._push_cm_exit(cm, _exit)
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return result
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def callback(self, callback, /, *args, **kwds):
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"""Registers an arbitrary callback and arguments.
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Cannot suppress exceptions.
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"""
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_exit_wrapper = self._create_cb_wrapper(callback, *args, **kwds)
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# We changed the signature, so using @wraps is not appropriate, but
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# setting __wrapped__ may still help with introspection.
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_exit_wrapper.__wrapped__ = callback
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self._push_exit_callback(_exit_wrapper)
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return callback # Allow use as a decorator
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def _push_cm_exit(self, cm, cm_exit):
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"""Helper to correctly register callbacks to __exit__ methods."""
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_exit_wrapper = self._create_exit_wrapper(cm, cm_exit)
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self._push_exit_callback(_exit_wrapper, True)
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def _push_exit_callback(self, callback, is_sync=True):
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self._exit_callbacks.append((is_sync, callback))
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# Inspired by discussions on http://bugs.python.org/issue13585
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class ExitStack(_BaseExitStack, AbstractContextManager):
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"""Context manager for dynamic management of a stack of exit callbacks.
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For example:
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with ExitStack() as stack:
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files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]
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# All opened files will automatically be closed at the end of
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# the with statement, even if attempts to open files later
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# in the list raise an exception.
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"""
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def __enter__(self):
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return self
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def __exit__(self, *exc_details):
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received_exc = exc_details[0] is not None
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# We manipulate the exception state so it behaves as though
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# we were actually nesting multiple with statements
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frame_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
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def _fix_exception_context(new_exc, old_exc):
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# Context may not be correct, so find the end of the chain
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while 1:
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exc_context = new_exc.__context__
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|
if exc_context is None or exc_context is old_exc:
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# Context is already set correctly (see issue 20317)
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|
return
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|
if exc_context is frame_exc:
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break
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new_exc = exc_context
|
|
# Change the end of the chain to point to the exception
|
|
# we expect it to reference
|
|
new_exc.__context__ = old_exc
|
|
|
|
# Callbacks are invoked in LIFO order to match the behaviour of
|
|
# nested context managers
|
|
suppressed_exc = False
|
|
pending_raise = False
|
|
while self._exit_callbacks:
|
|
is_sync, cb = self._exit_callbacks.pop()
|
|
assert is_sync
|
|
try:
|
|
if cb(*exc_details):
|
|
suppressed_exc = True
|
|
pending_raise = False
|
|
exc_details = (None, None, None)
|
|
except:
|
|
new_exc_details = sys.exc_info()
|
|
# simulate the stack of exceptions by setting the context
|
|
_fix_exception_context(new_exc_details[1], exc_details[1])
|
|
pending_raise = True
|
|
exc_details = new_exc_details
|
|
if pending_raise:
|
|
try:
|
|
# bare "raise exc_details[1]" replaces our carefully
|
|
# set-up context
|
|
fixed_ctx = exc_details[1].__context__
|
|
raise exc_details[1]
|
|
except BaseException:
|
|
exc_details[1].__context__ = fixed_ctx
|
|
raise
|
|
return received_exc and suppressed_exc
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Immediately unwind the context stack."""
|
|
self.__exit__(None, None, None)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Inspired by discussions on https://bugs.python.org/issue29302
|
|
class AsyncExitStack(_BaseExitStack, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
|
|
"""Async context manager for dynamic management of a stack of exit
|
|
callbacks.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
|
|
connections = [await stack.enter_async_context(get_connection())
|
|
for i in range(5)]
|
|
# All opened connections will automatically be released at the
|
|
# end of the async with statement, even if attempts to open a
|
|
# connection later in the list raise an exception.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
@staticmethod
|
|
def _create_async_exit_wrapper(cm, cm_exit):
|
|
return MethodType(cm_exit, cm)
|
|
|
|
@staticmethod
|
|
def _create_async_cb_wrapper(callback, /, *args, **kwds):
|
|
async def _exit_wrapper(exc_type, exc, tb):
|
|
await callback(*args, **kwds)
|
|
return _exit_wrapper
|
|
|
|
async def enter_async_context(self, cm):
|
|
"""Enters the supplied async context manager.
|
|
|
|
If successful, also pushes its __aexit__ method as a callback and
|
|
returns the result of the __aenter__ method.
|
|
"""
|
|
cls = type(cm)
|
|
try:
|
|
_enter = cls.__aenter__
|
|
_exit = cls.__aexit__
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
raise TypeError(f"'{cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__}' object does "
|
|
f"not support the asynchronous context manager protocol"
|
|
) from None
|
|
result = await _enter(cm)
|
|
self._push_async_cm_exit(cm, _exit)
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
def push_async_exit(self, exit):
|
|
"""Registers a coroutine function with the standard __aexit__ method
|
|
signature.
|
|
|
|
Can suppress exceptions the same way __aexit__ method can.
|
|
Also accepts any object with an __aexit__ method (registering a call
|
|
to the method instead of the object itself).
|
|
"""
|
|
_cb_type = type(exit)
|
|
try:
|
|
exit_method = _cb_type.__aexit__
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
# Not an async context manager, so assume it's a coroutine function
|
|
self._push_exit_callback(exit, False)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._push_async_cm_exit(exit, exit_method)
|
|
return exit # Allow use as a decorator
|
|
|
|
def push_async_callback(self, callback, /, *args, **kwds):
|
|
"""Registers an arbitrary coroutine function and arguments.
|
|
|
|
Cannot suppress exceptions.
|
|
"""
|
|
_exit_wrapper = self._create_async_cb_wrapper(callback, *args, **kwds)
|
|
|
|
# We changed the signature, so using @wraps is not appropriate, but
|
|
# setting __wrapped__ may still help with introspection.
|
|
_exit_wrapper.__wrapped__ = callback
|
|
self._push_exit_callback(_exit_wrapper, False)
|
|
return callback # Allow use as a decorator
|
|
|
|
async def aclose(self):
|
|
"""Immediately unwind the context stack."""
|
|
await self.__aexit__(None, None, None)
|
|
|
|
def _push_async_cm_exit(self, cm, cm_exit):
|
|
"""Helper to correctly register coroutine function to __aexit__
|
|
method."""
|
|
_exit_wrapper = self._create_async_exit_wrapper(cm, cm_exit)
|
|
self._push_exit_callback(_exit_wrapper, False)
|
|
|
|
async def __aenter__(self):
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
async def __aexit__(self, *exc_details):
|
|
received_exc = exc_details[0] is not None
|
|
|
|
# We manipulate the exception state so it behaves as though
|
|
# we were actually nesting multiple with statements
|
|
frame_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
|
|
def _fix_exception_context(new_exc, old_exc):
|
|
# Context may not be correct, so find the end of the chain
|
|
while 1:
|
|
exc_context = new_exc.__context__
|
|
if exc_context is None or exc_context is old_exc:
|
|
# Context is already set correctly (see issue 20317)
|
|
return
|
|
if exc_context is frame_exc:
|
|
break
|
|
new_exc = exc_context
|
|
# Change the end of the chain to point to the exception
|
|
# we expect it to reference
|
|
new_exc.__context__ = old_exc
|
|
|
|
# Callbacks are invoked in LIFO order to match the behaviour of
|
|
# nested context managers
|
|
suppressed_exc = False
|
|
pending_raise = False
|
|
while self._exit_callbacks:
|
|
is_sync, cb = self._exit_callbacks.pop()
|
|
try:
|
|
if is_sync:
|
|
cb_suppress = cb(*exc_details)
|
|
else:
|
|
cb_suppress = await cb(*exc_details)
|
|
|
|
if cb_suppress:
|
|
suppressed_exc = True
|
|
pending_raise = False
|
|
exc_details = (None, None, None)
|
|
except:
|
|
new_exc_details = sys.exc_info()
|
|
# simulate the stack of exceptions by setting the context
|
|
_fix_exception_context(new_exc_details[1], exc_details[1])
|
|
pending_raise = True
|
|
exc_details = new_exc_details
|
|
if pending_raise:
|
|
try:
|
|
# bare "raise exc_details[1]" replaces our carefully
|
|
# set-up context
|
|
fixed_ctx = exc_details[1].__context__
|
|
raise exc_details[1]
|
|
except BaseException:
|
|
exc_details[1].__context__ = fixed_ctx
|
|
raise
|
|
return received_exc and suppressed_exc
|
|
|
|
|
|
class nullcontext(AbstractContextManager, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
|
|
"""Context manager that does no additional processing.
|
|
|
|
Used as a stand-in for a normal context manager, when a particular
|
|
block of code is only sometimes used with a normal context manager:
|
|
|
|
cm = optional_cm if condition else nullcontext()
|
|
with cm:
|
|
# Perform operation, using optional_cm if condition is True
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, enter_result=None):
|
|
self.enter_result = enter_result
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
return self.enter_result
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, *excinfo):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
async def __aenter__(self):
|
|
return self.enter_result
|
|
|
|
async def __aexit__(self, *excinfo):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
class chdir(AbstractContextManager):
|
|
"""Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, path):
|
|
self.path = path
|
|
self._old_cwd = []
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
self._old_cwd.append(os.getcwd())
|
|
os.chdir(self.path)
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, *excinfo):
|
|
os.chdir(self._old_cwd.pop())
|