cpython/Lib/gzip.py

"""Functions that read and write gzipped files.

The user of the file doesn't have to worry about the compression,
but random access is not allowed."""

# based on Andrew Kuchling's minigzip.py distributed with the zlib module

import struct, sys, time, os
import zlib
import builtins
import io

__all__ = ["GzipFile", "open", "compress", "decompress"]

FTEXT, FHCRC, FEXTRA, FNAME, FCOMMENT = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

READ, WRITE = 1, 2

def U32(i):
    """Return i as an unsigned integer, assuming it fits in 32 bits.
    If it's >= 2GB when viewed as a 32-bit unsigned int, return a long.
    """
    if i < 0:
        i += 1 << 32
    return i

def LOWU32(i):
    """Return the low-order 32 bits, as a non-negative int"""
    return i & 0xFFFFFFFF

def write32u(output, value):
    # The L format writes the bit pattern correctly whether signed
    # or unsigned.
    output.write(struct.pack("<L", value))

def read32(input):
    return struct.unpack("<I", input.read(4))[0]

def open(filename, mode="rb", compresslevel=9):
    """Shorthand for GzipFile(filename, mode, compresslevel).

    The filename argument is required; mode defaults to 'rb'
    and compresslevel defaults to 9.

    """
    return GzipFile(filename, mode, compresslevel)

class _PaddedFile:
    """Minimal read-only file object that prepends a string to the contents
    of an actual file. Shouldn't be used outside of gzip.py, as it lacks
    essential functionality."""

    def __init__(self, f, prepend=b''):
        self._buffer = prepend
        self._length = len(prepend)
        self.file = f
        self._read = 0

    def read(self, size):
        if self._read is None:
            return self.file.read(size)
        if self._read + size <= self._length:
            read = self._read
            self._read += size
            return self._buffer[read:self._read]
        else:
            read = self._read
            self._read = None
            return self._buffer[read:] + \
                   self.file.read(size-self._length+read)

    def prepend(self, prepend=b'', readprevious=False):
        if self._read is None:
            self._buffer = prepend
        elif readprevious and len(prepend) <= self._read:
            self._read -= len(prepend)
            return
        else:
            self._buffer = self._buffer[read:] + prepend
        self._length = len(self._buffer)
        self._read = 0

    def unused(self):
        if self._read is None:
            return b''
        return self._buffer[self._read:]

    def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
        # This is only ever called with offset=whence=0
        if whence == 1 and self._read is not None:
            if 0 <= offset + self._read <= self._length:
                self._read += offset
                return
            else:
                offset += self._length - self._read
        self._read = None
        self._buffer = None
        return self.file.seek(offset, whence)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return getattr(name, self.file)


class GzipFile(io.BufferedIOBase):
    """The GzipFile class simulates most of the methods of a file object with
    the exception of the readinto() and truncate() methods.

    """

    myfileobj = None
    max_read_chunk = 10 * 1024 * 1024   # 10Mb

    def __init__(self, filename=None, mode=None,
                 compresslevel=9, fileobj=None, mtime=None):
        """Constructor for the GzipFile class.

        At least one of fileobj and filename must be given a
        non-trivial value.

        The new class instance is based on fileobj, which can be a regular
        file, a StringIO object, or any other object which simulates a file.
        It defaults to None, in which case filename is opened to provide
        a file object.

        When fileobj is not None, the filename argument is only used to be
        included in the gzip file header, which may includes the original
        filename of the uncompressed file.  It defaults to the filename of
        fileobj, if discernible; otherwise, it defaults to the empty string,
        and in this case the original filename is not included in the header.

        The mode argument can be any of 'r', 'rb', 'a', 'ab', 'w', or 'wb',
        depending on whether the file will be read or written.  The default
        is the mode of fileobj if discernible; otherwise, the default is 'rb'.
        Be aware that only the 'rb', 'ab', and 'wb' values should be used
        for cross-platform portability.

        The compresslevel argument is an integer from 1 to 9 controlling the
        level of compression; 1 is fastest and produces the least compression,
        and 9 is slowest and produces the most compression.  The default is 9.

        The mtime argument is an optional numeric timestamp to be written
        to the stream when compressing.  All gzip compressed streams
        are required to contain a timestamp.  If omitted or None, the
        current time is used.  This module ignores the timestamp when
        decompressing; however, some programs, such as gunzip, make use
        of it.  The format of the timestamp is the same as that of the
        return value of time.time() and of the st_mtime member of the
        object returned by os.stat().

        """

        # guarantee the file is opened in binary mode on platforms
        # that care about that sort of thing
        if mode and 'b' not in mode:
            mode += 'b'
        if fileobj is None:
            fileobj = self.myfileobj = builtins.open(filename, mode or 'rb')
        if filename is None:
            if hasattr(fileobj, 'name'): filename = fileobj.name
            else: filename = ''
        if mode is None:
            if hasattr(fileobj, 'mode'): mode = fileobj.mode
            else: mode = 'rb'

        if mode[0:1] == 'r':
            self.mode = READ
            # Set flag indicating start of a new member
            self._new_member = True
            # Buffer data read from gzip file. extrastart is offset in
            # stream where buffer starts. extrasize is number of
            # bytes remaining in buffer from current stream position.
            self.extrabuf = b""
            self.extrasize = 0
            self.extrastart = 0
            self.name = filename
            # Starts small, scales exponentially
            self.min_readsize = 100
            fileobj = _PaddedFile(fileobj)

        elif mode[0:1] == 'w' or mode[0:1] == 'a':
            self.mode = WRITE
            self._init_write(filename)
            self.compress = zlib.compressobj(compresslevel,
                                             zlib.DEFLATED,
                                             -zlib.MAX_WBITS,
                                             zlib.DEF_MEM_LEVEL,
                                             0)
        else:
            raise IOError("Mode " + mode + " not supported")

        self.fileobj = fileobj
        self.offset = 0
        self.mtime = mtime

        if self.mode == WRITE:
            self._write_gzip_header()

    @property
    def filename(self):
        import warnings
        warnings.warn("use the name attribute", DeprecationWarning, 2)
        if self.mode == WRITE and self.name[-3:] != ".gz":
            return self.name + ".gz"
        return self.name

    def __repr__(self):
        fileobj = self.fileobj
        if isinstance(fileobj, _PaddedFile):
            fileobj = fileobj.file
        s = repr(fileobj)
        return '<gzip ' + s[1:-1] + ' ' + hex(id(self)) + '>'

    def _check_closed(self):
        """Raises a ValueError if the underlying file object has been closed.

        """
        if self.closed:
            raise ValueError('I/O operation on closed file.')

    def _init_write(self, filename):
        self.name = filename
        self.crc = zlib.crc32(b"") & 0xffffffff
        self.size = 0
        self.writebuf = []
        self.bufsize = 0

    def _write_gzip_header(self):
        self.fileobj.write(b'\037\213')             # magic header
        self.fileobj.write(b'\010')                 # compression method
        try:
            # RFC 1952 requires the FNAME field to be Latin-1. Do not
            # include filenames that cannot be represented that way.
            fname = os.path.basename(self.name)
            fname = fname.encode('latin-1')
            if fname.endswith(b'.gz'):
                fname = fname[:-3]
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            fname = b''
        flags = 0
        if fname:
            flags = FNAME
        self.fileobj.write(chr(flags).encode('latin-1'))
        mtime = self.mtime
        if mtime is None:
            mtime = time.time()
        write32u(self.fileobj, int(mtime))
        self.fileobj.write(b'\002')
        self.fileobj.write(b'\377')
        if fname:
            self.fileobj.write(fname + b'\000')

    def _init_read(self):
        self.crc = zlib.crc32(b"") & 0xffffffff
        self.size = 0

    def _read_gzip_header(self):
        magic = self.fileobj.read(2)
        if magic == b'':
            raise EOFError("Reached EOF")

        if magic != b'\037\213':
            raise IOError('Not a gzipped file')
        method = ord( self.fileobj.read(1) )
        if method != 8:
            raise IOError('Unknown compression method')
        flag = ord( self.fileobj.read(1) )
        self.mtime = read32(self.fileobj)
        # extraflag = self.fileobj.read(1)
        # os = self.fileobj.read(1)
        self.fileobj.read(2)

        if flag & FEXTRA:
            # Read & discard the extra field, if present
            xlen = ord(self.fileobj.read(1))
            xlen = xlen + 256*ord(self.fileobj.read(1))
            self.fileobj.read(xlen)
        if flag & FNAME:
            # Read and discard a null-terminated string containing the filename
            while True:
                s = self.fileobj.read(1)
                if not s or s==b'\000':
                    break
        if flag & FCOMMENT:
            # Read and discard a null-terminated string containing a comment
            while True:
                s = self.fileobj.read(1)
                if not s or s==b'\000':
                    break
        if flag & FHCRC:
            self.fileobj.read(2)     # Read & discard the 16-bit header CRC

        unused = self.fileobj.unused()
        if unused:
            uncompress = self.decompress.decompress(unused)
            self._add_read_data(uncompress)

    def write(self,data):
        self._check_closed()
        if self.mode != WRITE:
            import errno
            raise IOError(errno.EBADF, "write() on read-only GzipFile object")

        if self.fileobj is None:
            raise ValueError("write() on closed GzipFile object")

        # Convert data type if called by io.BufferedWriter.
        if isinstance(data, memoryview):
            data = data.tobytes()

        if len(data) > 0:
            self.size = self.size + len(data)
            self.crc = zlib.crc32(data, self.crc) & 0xffffffff
            self.fileobj.write( self.compress.compress(data) )
            self.offset += len(data)

        return len(data)

    def read(self, size=-1):
        self._check_closed()
        if self.mode != READ:
            import errno
            raise IOError(errno.EBADF, "read() on write-only GzipFile object")

        if self.extrasize <= 0 and self.fileobj is None:
            return b''

        readsize = 1024
        if size < 0:        # get the whole thing
            try:
                while True:
                    self._read(readsize)
                    readsize = min(self.max_read_chunk, readsize * 2)
            except EOFError:
                size = self.extrasize
        else:               # just get some more of it
            try:
                while size > self.extrasize:
                    self._read(readsize)
                    readsize = min(self.max_read_chunk, readsize * 2)
            except EOFError:
                if size > self.extrasize:
                    size = self.extrasize

        offset = self.offset - self.extrastart
        chunk = self.extrabuf[offset: offset + size]
        self.extrasize = self.extrasize - size

        self.offset += size
        return chunk

    def peek(self, n):
        if self.mode != READ:
            import errno
            raise IOError(errno.EBADF, "peek() on write-only GzipFile object")

        # Do not return ridiculously small buffers, for one common idiom
        # is to call peek(1) and expect more bytes in return.
        if n < 100:
            n = 100
        if self.extrasize == 0:
            if self.fileobj is None:
                return b''
            try:
                # 1024 is the same buffering heuristic used in read()
                self._read(max(n, 1024))
            except EOFError:
                pass
        offset = self.offset - self.extrastart
        remaining = self.extrasize
        assert remaining == len(self.extrabuf) - offset
        return self.extrabuf[offset:offset + n]

    def _unread(self, buf):
        self.extrasize = len(buf) + self.extrasize
        self.offset -= len(buf)

    def _read(self, size=1024):
        if self.fileobj is None:
            raise EOFError("Reached EOF")

        if self._new_member:
            # If the _new_member flag is set, we have to
            # jump to the next member, if there is one.
            self._init_read()
            self._read_gzip_header()
            self.decompress = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
            self._new_member = False

        # Read a chunk of data from the file
        buf = self.fileobj.read(size)

        # If the EOF has been reached, flush the decompression object
        # and mark this object as finished.

        if buf == b"":
            uncompress = self.decompress.flush()
            # Prepend the already read bytes to the fileobj to they can be
            # seen by _read_eof()
            self.fileobj.prepend(self.decompress.unused_data, True)
            self._read_eof()
            self._add_read_data( uncompress )
            raise EOFError('Reached EOF')

        uncompress = self.decompress.decompress(buf)
        self._add_read_data( uncompress )

        if self.decompress.unused_data != b"":
            # Ending case: we've come to the end of a member in the file,
            # so seek back to the start of the unused data, finish up
            # this member, and read a new gzip header.
            # Prepend the already read bytes to the fileobj to they can be
            # seen by _read_eof() and _read_gzip_header()
            self.fileobj.prepend(self.decompress.unused_data, True)
            # Check the CRC and file size, and set the flag so we read
            # a new member on the next call
            self._read_eof()
            self._new_member = True

    def _add_read_data(self, data):
        self.crc = zlib.crc32(data, self.crc) & 0xffffffff
        offset = self.offset - self.extrastart
        self.extrabuf = self.extrabuf[offset:] + data
        self.extrasize = self.extrasize + len(data)
        self.extrastart = self.offset
        self.size = self.size + len(data)

    def _read_eof(self):
        # We've read to the end of the file
        # We check the that the computed CRC and size of the
        # uncompressed data matches the stored values.  Note that the size
        # stored is the true file size mod 2**32.
        crc32 = read32(self.fileobj)
        isize = read32(self.fileobj)  # may exceed 2GB
        if crc32 != self.crc:
            raise IOError("CRC check failed %s != %s" % (hex(crc32),
                                                         hex(self.crc)))
        elif isize != (self.size & 0xffffffff):
            raise IOError("Incorrect length of data produced")

        # Gzip files can be padded with zeroes and still have archives.
        # Consume all zero bytes and set the file position to the first
        # non-zero byte. See http://www.gzip.org/#faq8
        c = b"\x00"
        while c == b"\x00":
            c = self.fileobj.read(1)
        if c:
            self.fileobj.prepend(c, True)

    @property
    def closed(self):
        return self.fileobj is None

    def close(self):
        if self.fileobj is None:
            return
        if self.mode == WRITE:
            self.fileobj.write(self.compress.flush())
            write32u(self.fileobj, self.crc)
            # self.size may exceed 2GB, or even 4GB
            write32u(self.fileobj, self.size & 0xffffffff)
            self.fileobj = None
        elif self.mode == READ:
            self.fileobj = None
        if self.myfileobj:
            self.myfileobj.close()
            self.myfileobj = None

    def flush(self,zlib_mode=zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH):
        self._check_closed()
        if self.mode == WRITE:
            # Ensure the compressor's buffer is flushed
            self.fileobj.write(self.compress.flush(zlib_mode))
            self.fileobj.flush()

    def fileno(self):
        """Invoke the underlying file object's fileno() method.

        This will raise AttributeError if the underlying file object
        doesn't support fileno().
        """
        return self.fileobj.fileno()

    def rewind(self):
        '''Return the uncompressed stream file position indicator to the
        beginning of the file'''
        if self.mode != READ:
            raise IOError("Can't rewind in write mode")
        self.fileobj.seek(0)
        self._new_member = True
        self.extrabuf = b""
        self.extrasize = 0
        self.extrastart = 0
        self.offset = 0

    def readable(self):
        return self.mode == READ

    def writable(self):
        return self.mode == WRITE

    def seekable(self):
        return True

    def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
        if whence:
            if whence == 1:
                offset = self.offset + offset
            else:
                raise ValueError('Seek from end not supported')
        if self.mode == WRITE:
            if offset < self.offset:
                raise IOError('Negative seek in write mode')
            count = offset - self.offset
            chunk = bytes(1024)
            for i in range(count // 1024):
                self.write(chunk)
            self.write(bytes(count % 1024))
        elif self.mode == READ:
            if offset < self.offset:
                # for negative seek, rewind and do positive seek
                self.rewind()
            count = offset - self.offset
            for i in range(count // 1024):
                self.read(1024)
            self.read(count % 1024)

        return self.offset

    def readline(self, size=-1):
        if size < 0:
            # Shortcut common case - newline found in buffer.
            offset = self.offset - self.extrastart
            i = self.extrabuf.find(b'\n', offset) + 1
            if i > 0:
                self.extrasize -= i - offset
                self.offset += i - offset
                return self.extrabuf[offset: i]

            size = sys.maxsize
            readsize = self.min_readsize
        else:
            readsize = size
        bufs = []
        while size != 0:
            c = self.read(readsize)
            i = c.find(b'\n')

            # We set i=size to break out of the loop under two
            # conditions: 1) there's no newline, and the chunk is
            # larger than size, or 2) there is a newline, but the
            # resulting line would be longer than 'size'.
            if (size <= i) or (i == -1 and len(c) > size):
                i = size - 1

            if i >= 0 or c == b'':
                bufs.append(c[:i + 1])    # Add portion of last chunk
                self._unread(c[i + 1:])   # Push back rest of chunk
                break

            # Append chunk to list, decrease 'size',
            bufs.append(c)
            size = size - len(c)
            readsize = min(size, readsize * 2)
        if readsize > self.min_readsize:
            self.min_readsize = min(readsize, self.min_readsize * 2, 512)
        return b''.join(bufs) # Return resulting line


def compress(data, compresslevel=9):
    """Compress data in one shot and return the compressed string.
    Optional argument is the compression level, in range of 1-9.
    """
    buf = io.BytesIO()
    with GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='wb', compresslevel=compresslevel) as f:
        f.write(data)
    return buf.getvalue()

def decompress(data):
    """Decompress a gzip compressed string in one shot.
    Return the decompressed string.
    """
    with GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(data)) as f:
        return f.read()


def _test():
    # Act like gzip; with -d, act like gunzip.
    # The input file is not deleted, however, nor are any other gzip
    # options or features supported.
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    decompress = args and args[0] == "-d"
    if decompress:
        args = args[1:]
    if not args:
        args = ["-"]
    for arg in args:
        if decompress:
            if arg == "-":
                f = GzipFile(filename="", mode="rb", fileobj=sys.stdin.buffer)
                g = sys.stdout.buffer
            else:
                if arg[-3:] != ".gz":
                    print("filename doesn't end in .gz:", repr(arg))
                    continue
                f = open(arg, "rb")
                g = builtins.open(arg[:-3], "wb")
        else:
            if arg == "-":
                f = sys.stdin.buffer
                g = GzipFile(filename="", mode="wb", fileobj=sys.stdout.buffer)
            else:
                f = builtins.open(arg, "rb")
                g = open(arg + ".gz", "wb")
        while True:
            chunk = f.read(1024)
            if not chunk:
                break
            g.write(chunk)
        if g is not sys.stdout:
            g.close()
        if f is not sys.stdin:
            f.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    _test()