coreutils/lib/strftime.c

/* strftime - custom formatting of date and/or time
   Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */

/* Note: this version of strftime lacks locale support,
   but it is standalone.

   Performs `%' substitutions similar to those in printf.  Except
   where noted, substituted fields have a fixed size; numeric fields are
   padded if necessary.  Padding is with zeros by default; for fields
   that display a single number, padding can be changed or inhibited by
   following the `%' with one of the modifiers described below.  Unknown
   field specifiers are copied as normal characters.  All other
   characters are copied to the output without change.

   Supports a superset of the ANSI C field specifiers.

   Literal character fields:
   %	%
   n	newline
   t	tab

   Numeric modifiers (a nonstandard extension):
   -	do not pad the field
   _	pad the field with spaces

   Time fields:
   %H	hour (00..23)
   %I	hour (01..12)
   %k	hour ( 0..23)
   %l	hour ( 1..12)
   %M	minute (00..59)
   %p	locale's AM or PM
   %r	time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
   %R	time, 24-hour (hh:mm)
   %s	time in seconds since 00:00:00, Jan 1, 1970 (a nonstandard extension)
   %S	second (00..61)
   %T	time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
   %X	locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
   %Z	time zone (EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable

   Date fields:
   %a	locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
   %A	locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
   %b	locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
   %B	locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)
   %c	locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
   %C	century (00..99)
   %d	day of month (01..31)
   %e	day of month ( 1..31)
   %D	date (mm/dd/yy)
   %h	same as %b
   %j	day of year (001..366)
   %m	month (01..12)
   %U	week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
   %w	day of week (0..6)
   %W	week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
   %x	locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
   %y	last two digits of year (00..99)
   %Y	year (1970...)

   David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(TM_IN_SYS_TIME) || (!defined(HAVE_TM_ZONE) && !defined(HAVE_TZNAME))
#include <sys/time.h>
#else
#include <time.h>
#endif

#ifndef STDC_HEADERS
time_t mktime ();
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_TZNAME)
extern char *tzname[2];
#endif

/* Types of padding for numbers in date and time. */
enum padding
{
  none, blank, zero
};

static char const* const days[] =
{
  "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"
};

static char const * const months[] =
{
  "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
  "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
};

/* Add character C to STRING and increment LENGTH,
   unless LENGTH would exceed MAX. */

#define add_char(c)							\
  do									\
    {									\
      if (length + 1 <= max)						\
	string[length++] = (c);						\
    }									\
  while (0)

/* Add a 2 digit number to STRING, padding if specified.
   Return the number of characters added, up to MAX. */

static int
add_num2 (string, num, max, pad)
     char *string;
     int num;
     int max;
     enum padding pad;
{
  int top = num / 10;
  int length = 0;

  if (top == 0 && pad == blank)
    add_char (' ');
  else if (top != 0 || pad == zero)
    add_char (top + '0');
  add_char (num % 10 + '0');
  return length;
}

/* Add a 3 digit number to STRING, padding if specified.
   Return the number of characters added, up to MAX. */

static int
add_num3 (string, num, max, pad)
     char *string;
     int num;
     int max;
     enum padding pad;
{
  int top = num / 100;
  int mid = (num - top * 100) / 10;
  int length = 0;

  if (top == 0 && pad == blank)
    add_char (' ');
  else if (top != 0 || pad == zero)
    add_char (top + '0');
  if (mid == 0 && top == 0 && pad == blank)
    add_char (' ');
  else if (mid != 0 || top != 0 || pad == zero)
    add_char (mid + '0');
  add_char (num % 10 + '0');
  return length;
}

/* Like strncpy except return the number of characters copied. */

static int
add_str (to, from, max)
     char *to;
     const char *from;
     int max;
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; from[i] && i <= max; ++i)
    to[i] = from[i];
  return i;
}

static int
add_num_time_t (string, max, num)
     char *string;
     int max;
     time_t num;
{
  /* This buffer is large enough to hold the character representation
     (including the trailing NUL) of any unsigned decimal quantity
     whose binary representation fits in 128 bits.  */
  char buf[40];
  int length;

  if (sizeof (num) > 16)
    abort ();
  sprintf (buf, "%lu", (unsigned long) num);
  length = add_str (string, buf, max);
  return length;
}

/* Return the week in the year of the time in TM, with the weeks
   starting on Sundays. */

static int
sun_week (tm)
     struct tm *tm;
{
  int dl;

  /* Set `dl' to the day in the year of the last day of the week previous
     to the one containing the day specified in TM.  If the day specified
     in TM is in the first week of the year, `dl' will be negative or 0.
     Otherwise, calculate the number of complete weeks before our week
     (dl / 7) and add any partial week at the start of the year (dl % 7). */
  dl = tm->tm_yday - tm->tm_wday;
  return dl <= 0 ? 0 : dl / 7 + (dl % 7 != 0);
}

/* Return the week in the year of the time in TM, with the weeks
   starting on Mondays. */

static int
mon_week (tm)
     struct tm *tm;
{
  int dl, wday;

  if (tm->tm_wday == 0)
    wday = 6;
  else
    wday = tm->tm_wday - 1;
  dl = tm->tm_yday - wday;
  return dl <= 0 ? 0 : dl / 7 + (dl % 7 != 0);
}

#if !defined(HAVE_TM_ZONE) && !defined(HAVE_TZNAME)
char *
zone_name (tp)
     struct tm *tp;
{
  char *timezone ();
  struct timeval tv;
  struct timezone tz;

  gettimeofday (&tv, &tz);
  return timezone (tz.tz_minuteswest, tp->tm_isdst);
}
#endif

/* Format the time given in TM according to FORMAT, and put the
   results in STRING.
   Return the number of characters (not including terminating null)
   that were put into STRING, or 0 if the length would have
   exceeded MAX. */

size_t
strftime (string, max, format, tm)
     char *string;
     size_t max;
     const char *format;
     const struct tm *tm;
{
  enum padding pad;		/* Type of padding to apply. */
  size_t length = 0;		/* Characters put in STRING so far. */

  for (; *format && length < max; ++format)
    {
      if (*format != '%')
	add_char (*format);
      else
	{
	  ++format;
	  /* Modifiers: */
	  if (*format == '-')
	    {
	      pad = none;
	      ++format;
	    }
	  else if (*format == '_')
	    {
	      pad = blank;
	      ++format;
	    }
	  else
	    pad = zero;

	  switch (*format)
	    {
	      /* Literal character fields: */
	    case 0:
	    case '%':
	      add_char ('%');
	      break;
	    case 'n':
	      add_char ('\n');
	      break;
	    case 't':
	      add_char ('\t');
	      break;
	    default:
	      add_char (*format);
	      break;

	      /* Time fields: */
	    case 'H':
	    case 'k':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_hour, max - length,
			  *format == 'H' ? pad : blank);
	      break;
	    case 'I':
	    case 'l':
	      {
		int hour12;

		if (tm->tm_hour == 0)
		  hour12 = 12;
		else if (tm->tm_hour > 12)
		  hour12 = tm->tm_hour - 12;
		else
		  hour12 = tm->tm_hour;
		length +=
		  add_num2 (&string[length], hour12, max - length,
			    *format == 'I' ? pad : blank);
	      }
	      break;
	    case 'M':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_min, max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'p':
	      if (tm->tm_hour < 12)
		add_char ('A');
	      else
		add_char ('P');
	      add_char ('M');
	      break;
	    case 'r':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%I:%M:%S %p", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'R':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%H:%M", tm);
	      break;

	    case 's':
	      {
		struct tm writable_tm;
		writable_tm = *tm;
		length += add_num_time_t (&string[length], max - length,
					  mktime (&writable_tm));
	      }
	      break;

	    case 'S':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_sec, max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'T':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%H:%M:%S", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'X':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%H:%M:%S", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'Z':
#ifdef HAVE_TM_ZONE
	      length += add_str (&string[length], tm->tm_zone, max - length);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_TZNAME
	      if (tm->tm_isdst && tzname[1] && *tzname[1])
		length += add_str (&string[length], tzname[1], max - length);
	      else
		length += add_str (&string[length], tzname[0], max - length);
#else
	      length += add_str (&string[length], zone_name (tm), max - length);
#endif
#endif
	      break;

	      /* Date fields: */
	    case 'a':
	      add_char (days[tm->tm_wday][0]);
	      add_char (days[tm->tm_wday][1]);
	      add_char (days[tm->tm_wday][2]);
	      break;
	    case 'A':
	      length +=
		add_str (&string[length], days[tm->tm_wday], max - length);
	      break;
	    case 'b':
	    case 'h':
	      add_char (months[tm->tm_mon][0]);
	      add_char (months[tm->tm_mon][1]);
	      add_char (months[tm->tm_mon][2]);
	      break;
	    case 'B':
	      length +=
		add_str (&string[length], months[tm->tm_mon], max - length);
	      break;
	    case 'c':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length,
			  "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'C':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], (tm->tm_year + 1900) / 100,
			  max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'd':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_mday, max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'e':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_mday, max - length, blank);
	      break;
	    case 'D':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%m/%d/%y", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'j':
	      length +=
		add_num3 (&string[length], tm->tm_yday + 1, max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'm':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_mon + 1, max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'U':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], sun_week (tm), max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'w':
	      add_char (tm->tm_wday + '0');
	      break;
	    case 'W':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], mon_week (tm), max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'x':
	      length +=
		strftime (&string[length], max - length, "%m/%d/%y", tm);
	      break;
	    case 'y':
	      length +=
		add_num2 (&string[length], tm->tm_year % 100,
			  max - length, pad);
	      break;
	    case 'Y':
	      add_char ((tm->tm_year + 1900) / 1000 + '0');
	      length +=
		add_num3 (&string[length],
			  (1900 + tm->tm_year) % 1000, max - length, zero);
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }
  add_char (0);
  return length - 1;
}